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It is known to be caused from emissions released into the atmosphere from factories burning fossil
fuels such as coal and oil. When acids in polluted air react with the calcite in those materials, it
dissolves, and surfaces become eroded, lose its gloss, color, and delicate carvings. This is because
research papers are used in professional and academic functions, which is why you always need to
consider your selection of words. Additionally, carbon dioxide fixation is tampered with. Changing
our lifestyle to reduce our energy consumption can also help but making it too sudden can cause
economic problems. It would cost less to adopt long-term measures than the expenses of dealing
with diseases and environment damage. A deficiency in these nutrients can result in poor root and
stem growth. These acids are delivered to the Earth’s surface either by deposition of acids produced
in the raindrops or by precipitation removing the acids in clouds or below clouds. Becoming aware
of the many ways that land becomes polluted, and recognizing the harmful effects of land pollution,
is an important step in understanding how it can be remedied. We also could have concentrated more
and moved books and bags out of the way so any spillages did not affect them. Acid rain is rain that
has become acidic, because of air pollutants in the atmosphere. Global warming has causes, dangers
and effects, yet it also has solutions. Ten years later, in 1991, the emission of nitrogen oxides
increased to nearly 1500 tonnes in road transport as the population continued to grow. The acid rain
formed is in gaseous form and can be blown by wind to other regions where it eventually falls. When
humans have direct contact with sulfuric and nitric acids, they are affected. Although the gases are
released naturally in the environment, such as through volcanic eruptions, increased human activity
is taking its toll on the environment. They have international organizations established to co-ordinate
policies on emission targets. This is how huge amounts of emissions are released, mainly from
MEDC’s building so many power stations. By far, the most common cause of acid rain is sulphur
dioxide which makes up 70% of acid rain formation with the various oxides of nitrogen being
responsible for the remaining 30%. Catalytic converters are fitted into the exhaust system of a
vehicle. The US is working on implementing the Clean Air Act of 1990, attempting to drive sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides down. When sulfur and nitrogen oxides react with other compounds in
the atmosphere, they become oxidize and form acidic gases. The greatest source of acid rain is from
MEDC’s such as UK and USA and this may be because of their rapidly growing population
requiring a lot more energy than other countries like Poland and therefore more power stations are
built for this purpose. Acid rain is a terminology used to refer to a substance from the atmosphere,
which originates from both natural and manmade sources, and it has remarkably high quantities of
sulfuric as well as nitric acid. Removing lead from petrol and fitting scrubbers to power station
chimneys can reduce levels drastically. Wet deposition of acid occurs when rain, snow, fog etc are
formed from acids such as nitric and sulphuric acid when gases in the atmosphere react with water as
outlined previously. Further exacerbating the problem of acid rain is the fact that, unlike other
environmental problems. Natural and human actions are responsible for the production of these
pollutants. Petrol used by the ever increasing number of vehicles can also be changed to be more
environmentally friendly; this includes the introduction of hybrid cars which release almost no toxins
into the air. Acid precipitation is considered to have a pH of 5.0 or lower. Acid deposition is more
commonly used to describe acid precipitation because it includes both wet and dry decomposition.
Acid rain deposits may get into water bodies making the water acidic.
Acid rain, fog, sleet and snow all have severely harmful affects on our environment. When the
morphology of the plant is affected, other processes are also affected. For the acid rain to form
sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides, react with oxygen in presence of sunlight to form mists containing
sulfuric or nitric acid. Different human sources add to the pollution of water. Wet deposition of acid
occurs when rain, snow, fog etc are formed from acids such as nitric and sulphuric acid when gases
in the atmosphere react with water as outlined previously. Nitric oxide is also a toxic gas which can
result in the formation of an even more unstable substance known as toxic and at the same time nitric
oxide also has the capability of causing acid rain (International Labour Office et al 1994). In plants,
it causes flower buds to fall from the plant. Reductions in soil pH can prevent the growth of
germinating seeds and the growth of young seedlings. Adding lime repairs damages but is not a
permanent solution. If a population of one plant or animal is adversely affected by acid rain, animals
that feed on that organism may also suffer. The acid depositions can fall in wet forms such as rain,
fog, or snow. In 1983, 19 countries aimed to reduce SO2 emissions by 30% and all the countries met
this target. Although water bodies such as streams, oceans, and s have considerable amount of acids
in them, acid precipitation increases the acidity to disturbing levels. Air pollution is the direct cause
of the acid rain and we are the direct cause of air pollution. Th wavelength of these harmful
ultraviolet radiation is 255 nm. Countries similar to Germany, as in Map 1, have their emissions
blown to the south-east in Summer to countries like Poland and in winter blown to countries like
Denmark and this is how many parts of Scandinavia are polluted. Cooking meat at high temperatures
can lead to the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mutagenic heterocyclic amines.
Power stations were the most emitters at this time and still are in 1991 although decreasing slightly.
Scrubbers can be fitted to coal-fired power stations to remove SO2 and NOx before they enter the
atmosphere. We also could have concentrated more and moved books and bags out of the way so
any spillages did not affect them. Possibly, the increase can be accounted for by the increase of
harmful emissions contributing to acid rain and the increase in environmental damage to lakes. In
Denmark, a tax has been introduced on the amount of SO2 emitted, so now it costs polluters more to
buy coal for power stations and cheaper to use less polluting sources such as natural gas to
encourage users to change their energy sources. In this respect, energy production is accompanied by
oxidation of the environment. Therefore, what is important is that we reduce our contribution to the
problems and aid in the solution. Acid rain forms when certain atmospheric gases (primarily carbon
dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides) come in contact with water in the atmosphere or on
the ground and are chemically converted to acidic substances. The acid rain formed is in gaseous
form and can be blown by wind to other regions where it eventually falls. China, which uses a lot of
coal, has done a great job of cutting the sulfur dioxide emissions, which has decreased 75% during
the last decade. The movie was done by Tomas Whitmore and Julianne Waters on the effects of
online activism on the public. Domestic pollution does not release as much pollution as improved
gas-fires have been developed to release less pollution since the early 1900’s when coal-fires released
huge amounts of emissions of sulphur dioxide. Acid rain formed mainly by the emission of SO and
NO from different sources and impact on our environmental climate change.
The number of power stations across the country increased so more sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides were released than in 1981. The major biological source of sulfur containing compounds is
dimethyl sulfide. Nitrogen-rich water supports and algal blooms. Bacteria decompose the dead algae,
flourish themselves and soak up the water's available oxygen. More than 65% of trees in the UK
have been affected this way. The greatest source of sulphur dioxide in 1991 was in power stations as
well with just over 2500 tonnes of emissions. Approximately one-half of the atmosphere's acidity
falls back to earth through dry deposition in the form of particles and gases, and are then spread
hundreds of miles by winds where they settle on surfaces of. Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
used in automobiles forms hydrocarbons. Japan, after producing huge amounts of emissions affecting
China, is paying for the damage and equipment used to monitor acid rain there. These gases are
released into the atmosphere and can have horrendous effects of plant, water, fish and buildings.
Sulphur dioxide is harmful for plants and animals and causes, respiratory disorders. Also fitting
catalytic convertors to older cars would help with the reduction of emissions, especially in
developing countries, where the use of older cars is prevalent. It is important that long and short term
measures are quickly sought to repair the existing damage and that governments and individuals
together realize the importance of our actions on the fragile environment. Nitrogen combines with
different numbers of oxygen atoms to form nitrogen oxides, which react with moisture to form
nitric acid (Morgan, 2009). This is combined with water from rain and other precipitates which
causes acid formation at a local level. Other than combustion of fuels, the sulfur and nitrogen oxides
can result from volcanic eruption, emission from automobiles, while biological process may result in
release of nitrogen oxides. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own,
that is cheating. Also you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage
cookies. In addition, the from cars, trucks, and buses releases nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide
into the air. More than 65% of trees in the UK have been affected this way. The main pollutants
released during burning includes hydrocarbons and nitric oxide. The term “acid rain” was introduced
by Robert Smith, English engineer, in his book Air and Rain: The Beginning of a Chemical
Climatology (1872) (Myers 267). Reductions in soil pH can prevent the growth of germinating seeds
and the growth of young seedlings. It is important to note that a catalyst increases the rate of
reaction without being consumed by it. For example, the United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe (UNECE) aimed to reduce SO2 emissions by 30% under the leadership of countries in
Eastern Europe. However, when the atmospheric temperatures decline, the acids condense and may
combine with carbon particle in the atmosphere. Finally, the issues of acid rain and air pollution
should be among the worldwide big projects that require everyone to reach the Sustainable
Development Goals. Report this resource to let us know if this resource violates TPT’s content
guidelines. The air basin, water, and soil in the areas of large industrial centers often contain toxic
substances that significantly exceed the permissible level. Acid rain is rain that has become acidic,
because of air pollutants in the atmosphere. Although improved technology has allowed us to reduce
certain types of air pollution, the emissions released cannot all be reduced.
Lower soil pH and aluminium mobilisation can reduce populations of soil microorganisms.
Decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, earthworms and other insects break down the dead and
decaying leaves and other debris on the forest floor. Issue Report on Captive Breeding and
Reintroduction. Additionally, slight amounts of nitrogen react with rainwater to for nitric acid. Acid
deposition or precipitation is an alternative term used to describe acid rain. The main cause is the
burning of fossil fuels and coal: their waste gases contain a lot of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen
oxides (NOx). Examples some sources are: factories, sewage treatment plants, underground mines,
oil wells, oil tankers and agriculture, acid deposition room the air, traffic, pollutants that are spread
through rivers and pollutants that enter the water through groundwater. We repeated this whole
process of getting the marble chips and acid, emptying and cleaning the equipment 3 times for every
concentration of acid until we got a total of 18 successful results. At such times, those suffering
from heart or lung diseases may find that their symptoms worsen. The compounds get into the
atmosphere when humans combust matters such as combustible wastes and fossil fuels. One hundred
percent, 44%, 22% and 12% juvenile mortalities were noted in pH 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Such
effects can be seen in aquatic systems in Norway and Sweden. During this experiment we will
discover whether this theory is correct. It is important that there is international co-operation as acid
rain currently affects the whole world and can lead to global warming if not recognised. Acid rain is
very real and a very threatening problem. It is these lakes that we must be worried about for. Carbon
monoxide has a strong affinity to bind with hemoglobin. Fuel oil and sour coal provide the most
saturated sulfur dioxide emissions. This acid further tends to worsen the effect by acting on the rocks
and causing them to release metals. Buildings, often those made of materials such as marble and
limestone are vulnerable to weathering. It can be complicated for some countries as they can be
unwilling to take responsibility, especially if they are less affected by the problem. If this is true then
this will show me that the rate of dissolving limestone increases as well. More than 65% of trees in
the UK have been affected this way. Approximately one-half of the atmosphere's acidity falls back to
earth through dry deposition in the form of particles and gases, and are then spread hundreds of
miles by winds where they settle on surfaces of. When acid rain falls on plants and crops, it leads to
a number of processes. The type of soil a plant grows in can determine its growth as many soils have
properties which can neutralize acids due to elements of alkali such as lime. Lime can be added by
floating rafts, helicopters or lorries. Short-term measures are used to immediately reduce levels of
pollution and can be expensive in order to cope with environmental damage and disease. The
population is increasing, technology is improving and more people require energy and vehicles.
Additionally, carbon dioxide fixation is tampered with.
Also converting power stations to use natural gas to generate electricity instead of coal as natural gas
is less polluting and does not emit sulphur. The major biological source of sulfur containing
compounds is dimethyl sulfide. The simplest way to cut these emissions is to use less energy from
fossil fuels. Acid precipitation happens when gases such as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are
emitted. Ten years later, in 1991, the emission of nitrogen oxides increased to nearly 1500 tonnes in
road transport as the population continued to grow. After each run we emptied and refilled the water
bath, large measuring cylinder, and also emptied the flask making sure we didn’t contaminate the
next test. The US EPA have implemented the cross state rule and litigation (CSAPR) for 2011,
reduces the near boundary activities of releases between USA and Canada. Many agreements and
targets have been signed, set and reached by numerous countries in this time. Additionally, the
deposits can reach the earth surface as gases or particles such as aerosols. We also could have
concentrated more and moved books and bags out of the way so any spillages did not affect them.
These gases are released into the atmosphere and can have horrendous effects of plant, water, fish
and buildings. Acid rain may also fall on other objects such as rocks, stones, and buildings damaging
them. The greatest source of nitrogen oxides in 1981 was in power stations with nearly 1000 tonnes
of emissions. In Denmark, a tax has been introduced on the amount of SO2 emitted, so now it costs
polluters more to buy coal for power stations and cheaper to use less polluting sources such as
natural gas to encourage users to change their energy sources. But recovery will likely take a long
time since the chemical composition of the soil and groundwater, affected by the acid rains, is not a
speedy process. But during winter season, polar stratospheric clouds are formed over Antarctica.
There are also more motorways and roads since the 19 th century and the world since then has
developed greatly. A deficiency in these nutrients can result in poor root and stem growth. Pollution
caused acid rain is destroying the ecosystem, but today new methods have been developed to deal
with this danger to our society and earth. Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest.
Many significant soil organisms require the correct pH to survive. However, the combusted fuels
produce wastes that cause environmental pollution. Acid precipitation happens when gases such as
sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are emitted. Natural and human actions are responsible for the
production of these pollutants. Direct or indirect contact with acid rain has devastating impacts on
humans. It is formed when secondary pollutants formed from the oxidation of nitrogen oxides of
sulphur dioxide are released into the atmosphere. Acidification causes damage to both plants and
animals. Acid rain, fog, sleet and snow all have severely harmful affects on our environment. It is
mainly the countries with a rapidly growing population needing more energy and releasing more
pollution. However, research papers may also be used by other learning institutes and academic
organizations to assure that they can provide solutions to existing problems or identify the source of
an underlying concern.