TTL: ICT in Education Module 1
and video, computers, internet, and
Information and Communication Technology
– refers to a range of electronic tools for storing,
displaying, and exchanging information and for
communication.
 Includes devices, services, and
technologies.
Examples of ICT:
 Email
 Telephone
 Computer
 Radio
 Satellite System
 Video Conference
 Television
 Video
 DVDs
Importance of electronic devices and
technologies in developing countries:
 Are effective in achieving educational
goals.
 Can be easily accessed by many people.
 Are affordable.
Knowledge Societies- societies that are reliant
on creating, sharing, and using electronically
communicated knowledge for their prosperity.
ICT in Education:
 Makes education more accessible.
 Improve the quality of education.
 Provide an effective and efficient
management tool.
Basic Skills:
 Reading
 Writing
 Numeracy
 ICT
ICT can make education more accessible by:
 Improving access to information –
mobile and fixed-line phones, television
and DVDs, radio programs, online access,
and search engines.
 Enabling greater access to education –
through radio, television, internet, and
community telecenters.
 Providing affordable anywhere,
anytime learning – telephone (24-hour
dial-up information services), recorded
radio programs and podcasts, recorded
television programs and vodcasts, DVD
community telecenters.
 Sustaining lifelong learning – through
community radio, instructional television
programs, online courses, and open
universities.
Telecenters – public space, such as a library,
where community members can access various
ICT.
Podcasts – an audio file, such as a radio
program, that can be downloaded from the
Internet computers or portable devices like MP3
players and iPods.
Vodcasts – a “video podcast,” a video file, such
as a television program, that can be downloaded
from the Internet to computers.
Open Universities – universities, such as the
Open University in the UK, with open admission
policies that allow students to do much of their
coursework at home by distance learning using
the Internet, traditional correspondence methods,
video conferencing, and even face-to-face
tutoring.
ICT can improve the quality of education by:
 Improving students’ motivation –
through instructional television programs
realistic simulation software, video-based
teaching and learning, and interactive
games and activities.
 Personalizing student learning – using
computers and other tools to create local
content and computer-based learning.
 Enhancing student learning – through
technologies that combine text, images,
sound, movement, and animation.
 Giving feedback and reinforcement –
computer, radio, TV-based learning, and
online quizzes.
 Enhancing the quality of teaching –
through internet resources for teachers,
web-based software, word-processing,
and other productivity software.
 Improving teacher education – through
multimedia training and support, training
videos, and teaching education web
portals.
Computer-based Learning – used to acquire
particular skills or knowledge.
Local Content – may be for radio and television
programs or other educational activities.
Blog – a “weblog,” a blog is an online diary or
journal published on a website..
Productivity Software – can be used to create
customized, reproducible, locally appropriate
teaching materials.
Multimedia materials – forms of electronic
information that combine more than one media –
text, graphics, sound, video, or animation.
Web Portal – gateway or website that provides a
comprehensive array of information and services.
ICT provides an efficient management tool
that can be used for:
 Improving the efficiency of education
planning and delivery – through data
management systems, spreadsheet and
database software, radio, educational
television, and virtual schools and
universities.
 Facilitating policy-making and
management – through Education
Management Information System (EMIS),
email, cellphones/SMS or text messages.
ICT has the potential to facilitate:
 The compilation of educational statistics at
the system and school levels.
 Delivery of materials to remote schools, or
to schools that have a small number of
students taking particular subjects.
 The rapid and cost-effective creation and
distribution of socially, culturally, and
linguistically appropriate learning content.
Data management system – a computer
program for entering, storing, and retrieving data.
Virtual school or university – allows students to
participate in courses online via the Internet.
Education Management Information System –
computer programs used for entering, storing,
and retrieving useful data that are fed to
educational planners for assessment, monitoring,
and evaluation of education programs as well as
inputs to policymakers for a more rational
decision-making.
Stages of Integrating ICT into Education:
STAGE ICT USAGE PEDAGOGICAL
USAGES
Emerging Becoming Supporting work
aware of ICT. performance.
Infusing Learning how Enhancing
to use ICT. traditional
teaching.
Applying Understanding Facilitating
how and when learning.
to use ICT.
Emerging Specializing in Creating
the use of ICT. innovative
learning
environments.
1. Emerging – beginning to introduce ICT
tools.
2. Applying – teachers using ICT tools in
their teaching and for student learning.
3. Infusing – teachers integrating and
embedding ICT into subjects in the
curriculum.
4. Transforming – ICT is used to rethink
and renew institutional organizations in
creative ways (UNESCO Bangkok).
Challenges: Capability and Connectivity
1. Infrastructure – ICT require a supply of
electricity and telecommunication
services.
2. Total Cost – cost of the tools and the
long-term costs which include:
 the devices and associated
equipment.
 relevant teaching and learning
materials.
 ongoing training of teachers.
 regular upgrading of equipment.
 ongoing maintenance and
technical support.
 connectivity, telephone and
Internet connection.
 infrastructure (including electricity
and telecommunications
installations).
3. Technical Support – maintenance of ICT
tools and backup support.
4. Professional Development – most
important challenge in successfully
integrating ICT in education.
Challenges: Access, Content, and
Curriculum.
1. Language and Culture – translate
instructional materials, adapt programs to
meet language and cultural needs, or
even to produce country-specific content
are associated policy issues.
2. Access and Equity – digital inclusion:
 Bridge the digital divide –
UNESCO’s vision.
 Digital Inclusion – ensure equality
of access to ICT regardless of
economic, geographic, social,
gender, or other factors.
 3. Teaching and Learning Resources –
“relevant” can be defined as aligned to the
Malaysia:
curriculum, in the appropriate language
and culturally sensitive.  Student Peer Teaching Strategy
4. Curriculum Development – infusing ICT (Computer, Internet) – Malaysia: ICT is
into all subject areas. effectively used to engage the active
Examples of Good and Innovative ICT in participation of students in learning.
Education Projects:
Mexico:

 Mexico’s Telesecundaria (Television) –

Mexico: ICT is effectively used in
improving quality of teaching and learning.

Sub-Saharan Africa:

 African Virtual University (Satellite,

Television, Computer, Internet) – Sub-
Saharan Africa: ICT is used to expand
access to education.
Afghanistan:

 Radio Education for Afghan Children

(Radio) – Afghanistan: ICT is used to
provide educational opportunity to children
who cannot go to school.
India:

 Community Radio in Andhra Pradesh

(Radio) – India: ICT is used as a tool for
community empowerment, especially
women.
 Giri Pragna: Using ICT to Bring Better
Education to Ethnic Minority Groups
(Computer) – India: ICT is used to
provide computer skills geared for gainful
employment to minorities.
Mongolia:

 Gobi Women and Distance Education

in Mongolia (Radio) – Mongolia: ICT is
used to overcome the geographical barrier
in Mongolia.
Southeast Asia:

 Sat-Ed Learning Café (Television,

Satellite, Mobile Phone, Computer) –
South-East Asia: ICT is used to address
the digital divide in remote villages.
Vietnam:

 Sao Mai Computer Education Center

for the Blind (Computer, Internet) –
Vietnam: ICT is used to provide
educational opportunities for blind people
(disabled).