Lecture №13

Theme: Mass Media

Aim: Consider the main types of media in Kazakhstan

Plan of the lecture:

1. The UK magazines
2. The UK television
3. The UK radio

1.The UK has a large magazine industry with hundreds of magazines serving

almost every interest – from accountancy, agriculture and technology to sports and
lifestyle.Consumer magazines make up the bulk of the titles for sale in newsagents.
They may be general titles that aim to entertain and inform (such as Loaded, Elle,
Radio Times) or consumer specialist titles aimed at a specific interest or hobby
(Car, Total Film, Gardeners' World). There are about 2,800 UK consumer
magazines. These can also be classified by readership into women’s
(Cosmopolitan, Vogue, OK!, Tatler), men’s (FHM, Loaded, Nuts), teen (Mizz
Magazine, Sugar) and children’s magazines. An important type of consumer
magazines is current affairs magazines, which provide analysis of current political,
economical and cultural events and trends (The Spectator, The Economist, The
New Statesman, The Private Eye). The Spectator was established in 1828 and
claims to be the oldest continuously-published magazine in the English
language.Business magazines, which may also be called trade or B2B (business to
business) magazines are for people at work. Examples include Campaign for the
advertising industry, General Practitioner, one of several free weekly titles for
doctors, and Press Gazette for journalists. There are about 5,100 such titles in the
UK. While some business magazines are sold in newsagents or bought on
subscription, the main distribution channel is controlled circulation, whereby
copies are sent free to qualifying individuals and the publisher makes its money
through selling advertising. For example, 96% of Computer Weekly's copies go
out as controlled circulation, with 1% subscription and 3% news-stand.
Academic journals aim to encourage university-level discussion of all sorts of
arcane topics. Their identifying feature is that their subject matter is controlled by
an academic board. Members of the board act as referees to vet all the articles.
Authors are not paid; rather, they gain academic credibility. Probably the most
famous academic journal is Nature.
Television listings magazines such as What's on TV and Radio Times tend to be
the best-selling UK magazines with circulations of about one million to 1.5m
copies. Women's weeklies are the next big group, led by million-plus-selling Take
a Break, with the likes of Chat, Now and Heat selling about 500,000 copies. The
biggest monthlies are Reader's Digest, Glamour and FHM, selling 750,000 down to
300,000.
2. The UK television.Broadcasting in the United Kingdom is controlled by the
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Independent Broadcasting
Authority (IBA). The IBA is responsible for looking after regional independent TV
companies and those they have bought from other regions.
UK broadcasting companies and TV channels.
Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom is made up of two public
broadcasting companies, the BBC and Channel 4 and two commercial television
companies, ITV and Five. There are five major free-to-air analogue channels: BBC
One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4 and Five. Analogue terrestrial transmissions are
currently being switched off and giving way to digital terrestrial, cable and satellite
television. Although a great number of other channels are now available via these
new technologies, the five above-mentioned channels remain the most popular
(and are also the oldest).
The BBC is the world's oldest and biggest broadcaster, and is the country's first
and largest public service broadcaster. The BBC is funded by public money
accrued from a television licence fee gathered from all UK households with a
television set; it does not carry advertising. The BBC channels in the UK are BBC
1, BBC 2 (analogue), BBC 3, BBC 4, CBBC, CBeebies, BBC News 24 and BBC
Parliament (digital).BBC One – the Corporation’s primary network, broadcasting
mainstream comedy, drama, documentaries, films, sport, and children’s
programmes. BBC One is also the home of the BBC’s main 30-minutes news
bulletins, currently shown at 13.00, 18.00, and 22.00 on weekdays (shorter early-
and late-evening bulletins are broadcast on Saturdays and Sundays). The main
news bulletins are followed by local news. These are provided by production
centres in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland and a further 14 regional and sub-
regional centres in England. Along with the BBC's other domestic television
stations, it is funded entirely by the licence fee, and therefore shows uninterrupted
programming with no commercial advertising. It is currently the most watched
television channel in the United Kingdom, ahead of its traditional rival for ratings
leadership, ITV1.BBC Two – home to more specialist programming, including
comedy, documentaries, dramas and minority interest programmes, as well as
imported programmes from other countries, particularly the United States. An
important feature of the schedule is Newsnight, a 50-minute news analysis
programme shown each weeknight at 22.30. There are slight differences in the
programming for England, Wales Northern Ireland and Scotland.
BBC Three – the main digital television network operated by the Corporation,
home to mainly youth-oriented programming, particularly new comedy sketch
shows and sitcoms.BBC Four – niche programming for an intellectual audience,
including specialist documentaries, occasional “serious” dramas, live theatre,
foreign language films and television programmes and “prestige” archive
television repeats.CBBC Channel – for children aged six and above.
CBeebies – for children under six.BBC News – a dedicated news channel.
BBC Parliament – the Corporation’s dedicated politics channel, covering both the
British parliament and international politics.
ITV (Independent Television) is the network of fifteen regional and three national
commercial television franchises, originally founded in 1955 to provide
competition to the BBC. ITV was the country's first commercial television
provider funded by advertisements, and has been the most popular commercial
channel through most of its existence. These companies earn money from
advertising. There is a break for advertising about every 15-20 minutes. From the
late 1990s, ITV's long-standing commitment to strong current affairs and
documentary programming began to diminish with the ending of productions such
as World in Action and their replacement with populist shows such as Tonight.
Increasingly ITV's primetime schedules are dominated by its soap operas, such as
Coronation Street and Emmerdale. Recently, Independent Television faced
criticism for including a large amount of "reality TV" programmes in the schedule.
In its defence, ITV does continue to show its major strengths in the fields of sports
coverage and drama productions, and it continues to schedule national news in
primetime. ITV plc also operates digital channels ITV1 HD, ITV2 (entertainment),
ITV3(entertainment aimed at the over-35 audience), ITV4(has a male-oriented
line-up, including sport, cop shows and US comedies and dramas, as well as
classic ITV action series), Men & Motors and the CITV Channel (Children's
Independent Television).
Launched in 1982, Channel 4 is a state-owned national broadcaster which is
funded by its commercial activities (including advertising). Channel 4 is a
"publisher-broadcaster", meaning that it commissions or "buys" all of its
programming from companies independent of itself, it has also had a long record
of success in funding the production of films. Apart from the analogue Channel 4,
the corporation runs a number of digital channels: FilmFour, E4 (youth
entertainment channel), More4 (aimed at middle-aged and older audience),
4Music, etc.
Channel Five was the final analogue broadcaster to be launched, in March 1997.
The channel was re-named "Five" in 2002. Like Channel 4, the channel is a
general entertainment channel, with internally commissioned shows such as The
Gadget Show and Fifth Gear appearing alongside numerous international
programmes such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. The channel has historically
had the lowest audience of Britain's five terrestrial television channels, with a
viewing share of around 5% although it occasionally outperforms Channel 4 at
peak times. The Company’s digital channels include Fiver (providing pre-school
shows under the Milkshake! banner as well as drama, films, soaps, popular factual
and lifestyle shows) and 5USA (offering drama, films, sport, comedy and youth
programming from the USA).
4.The UK radio.There are many hundreds of radio stations in the United Kingdom,
the most prominent of which are the national stations operated by the BBC.
BBC Radio 1 broadcasts current popular music and chart hits throughout the day.
Radio 1 provides alternative genres after 7:00pm including electronic dance, hip
hop, rock or interviews. It is aimed primarily at the 15–29 age group. The station
has recorded many live performances and studio sessions, it station also broadcasts
some documentaries and interviews. Short news summaries are provided roughly
hourly on the half hour during daytime hours with two 15-minute bulletins at
12:45pm and 5:45pm.BBC Radio 2 is the UK's most listened to radio station, with
a mix of music from the last thirty years. The station now has adult listeners,
mainly aged 25 and above, although in recent years it has attracted more of
younger listeners. Its daytime playlist features music from the 1960s to various
current chart hits, album and indie music. The station's appeal is broad and deep,
with accessible daytime programmes and specialist programmes of particular types
or eras of music.BBC Radio 3 is a serious classical station, broadcasting high-
quality concerts and performances. At night, it transmits a wide range of jazz and
world music. The station is the world’s most significant commissioner of new
music, and its New Generation Artists scheme promotes young musicians of all
nationalities. There are regular productions of both classic plays and newly
commissioned drama.BBC Radio 4 is a current affairs and speech station, with
news, debate and radio drama. Music and sport are the only fields that largely fall
outside the station's remit. It broadcasts the daily radio soap The Archers, as well
as flagship news programme Today. Radio 4 is the second most popular British
domestic radio station, after Radio 2.
BBC Radio Five Live broadcasts live news and sports commentary with phone-in
debates and studio guests. It is the principal radio station covering sport in the
United Kingdom, broadcasting virtually all major sports events staged in the UK or
involving British competitors.
BBC 6 Music is one of the BBC's digital radio stations which transmits
predominantly alternative rock, punk, jazz, funk, hip hop with many live sessions.
BBC 1Xtra is a digital radio station in the United Kingdom from the BBC
specialising in new black music, sometimes referred to as urban music. Typical
music includes largely British and North American hip hop, grime, bassline,
garage, dubstep, drum and bass, UK funky, dancehall, soca, reggae, gospel music,
bhangra and R&B.
BBC 7 is a British digital radio station broadcasting comedy, drama, and children's
programming nationally 24 hours a day. It is the principal broadcasting outlet for
the BBC's archive of spoken-word entertainment, and was established primarily to
enable the contents of the BBC Sound Archive to be broadcast.
All of these radio stations can be listened to live via the Internet, some of the
programmes are available for listening or downloading from the archives, some are
also published in the form of podcasts.
The BBC also provides 40 local radio services, mainly broadcasting a mix of local
news and music aimed at an older audience.

Also available nationally are three national commercial channels, namely Absolute
Radio, Classic FM (the UK’s first national commercial radio station, broadcasts a
wide range of programming) and talkSPORT.
There are also local commercial stations. Most local commercial stations in the
United Kingdom broadcast to a city or group of towns within a radius of 20-50
miles, with a second tier of regional stations covering larger areas such as North
West England. The predominant format is pop music, but many other tastes are
also catered for, particularly in London and the larger cities, and on digital radio.
Rather than operating as independent entities, many local radio stations are owned
by large radio groups which broadcast a similar format to many areas.
Kiss 100 FM – the London dance radio station featuring some of the UK’s finest
DJ’s.
Questions for self-evaluation/ questions for comprehension:
1. Outline the most popular objectives of English people for their annual holiday.
2. What are holiday camps?
3. Where do many British people like to go abroad?
4. Do many British people have summer houses or dachas?
5.What do they have instead?
6. Are the British great lovers of sports?
7. What are the most popular sports in Britain?

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