Aljon Gellido

Lesson 1 - African and Latin American Music

Harmony Hues
➔ Genre - a category or type of artistic, literary, musical, or other creative work characterized
by a particular style, form, or content.
➔ Microtonal - intervals are smaller than those traditionally found in Western music.
➔ Chants - are a form of vocal music characterized by repetitive and rhythmic singing or
speaking of words or sounds.
➔ Tusk - typically refers to a long, pointed tooth, usually protruding from an animal's mouth
➔ African Music - has yodeling activity and upbeat music with the accompaniment of a drum
instrument.

General Characteristics of African Music

➔ Melody - African melodies use ostinato which is a repeated pattern.
➔ Texture
➔ Heterophony - an independent part of a single melody by two or more instruments or
singers.
➔ Polyphony - is also possible through a simple canon style.
➔ Rhythm - is one major characteristic of European music, it is rhythm that describes African
music.
➔ Maracatu - a dynamic rhythm, first appeared in the African state of Pernambuco.
➔ Nacao - the Maracatu group which means nation, paraded with a large drumming ensemble
accompanied by a singer, chorus, and dancers.

Musical Instruments
➔ Wind Section - Flute and Whistle
➔ String Section - Fiddle, Lute, Harp, and Zither
➔ Percussion Section - Djembre, Mbira, and Sansa.
➔ Drum Sections - Hand Drums, Stick Drums, Slit Drums, Water Drums and Drums that are
scraped.
➔ The drums are the center of almost all music and dance performances.
➔ Griots - professional musicians in Africa The griot’s profession is inherited and has been part
of the Fernando culture.

African Vocal Forms

➔ Blues - is a musical form that evolved from the African Americans during the latter part of
the nineteenth century.
➔ Soul - refers to gospel-style music with secular lyrics.
➔ James Brown - is known as the “Godfather of Soul”.
➔ Call and Response - allows the audience to be active participants in their music
performances.
➔ Kasuan Kura - a praise song, is an example of an African call response.
➔ Spiritual - also known as Negro spiritual, is a type of religious folk song.
 ➔ Examples of spiritual songs are ( “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot”, “Deep Down in My
Heart”, and “Nobody Knows the Trouble I’ve Seen” )

Lesson 2 - Popular Music

Vocabulary
➔ Strophic - refers to a musical form in which a repeated section of lyrics is set to the same
melody for each verse or stanza.
➔ Jazz - is a genre of music that originated in the United States in the late 19th to early 20th
century.
➔ Libitum - is a Latin term commonly abbreviated as "ad lib" and is used in music notation.
➔ Rhapsody - is a musical composition that is free-spirited, expressive, and often has a
spontaneous and improvisational feel.
➔ Combo - is a small jazz ensemble.
➔ Popular Music - this is said to be the music of the majority, something appreciated or has
appealed to many. It is the “people’s music.”

Genres of Popular Music

➔ Ballad - is a traditional folk music performed by a soloist that expresses a tale in a strophic
form.
➔ Rhythm and Blues - also known as R&B or RnB, is a black popular music of the 1950s.
➔ Rock and Roll - is a popular style that evolved in the 1950s.
➔ Ray Charles and James Brown - famous performers of rock ‘n’ roll.
➔ Elvis Presley - was known as the “King of Rock and Roll.”
➔ Presley’s hit songs were ( “Love Me Tender,”, “Hound Dog,” “Jail House Rock,” and
“Heartbreak Hotel.” )
➔ The Beatles - the British rock group, that was formed in 1960 in Liverpool, England.
➔ Members: Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo Starr
➔ Songs: Love Me Do, I want to hold your hands, Twist and shout, Hey Jude, Yesterday,
Let It Be, Yellow Submarine
➔ Disco - is a style of popular music in the 1970s and is a distinguished form of dance music.
➔ Rap - is a spoken word delivered quickly in rhymed verses.
➔ Broadway Musical - is a type of theatrical performance that combines acting, singing, and
dancing to tell a story.
➔ Jazz - was developed in America and was predominantly created by black American
musicians.

Styles of Jazz
➔ Ragtime - is a jazz style for piano music.
➔ Scott Joplin - was “The King of Ragtime” who popularized the jazz pieces “Maple Leaf
Rag” and “The Entertainer.”
➔ Blues - style was developed in the 1890s by black Americans.
➔ Bessie Smith - known as the “Empress of the Blues,” was one of the prominent
figures of blues form.
➔ Big Band and Swing - are large musical ensembles typically featuring brass, woodwind, and
rhythm sections.
 ➔ Bebop - is a highly complex modern jazz style played by a small combo without written
music.
➔ Cool Jazz - was related to bop, but more relaxed and soother. Its pieces were
➔ longer than bebop.
➔ Free jazz - musicians improvised independently. They produce random effects of music.
➔ Jazz-rock - is a musical genre that combines elements of jazz and rock.
➔ New Orleans Jazz - the first significant jazz was in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Other Outstanding Figures of Jazz

➔ Louis Armstrong - was a famous cornet and trumpet jazz player, composer, singer, and actor.
➔ Wynton Marsalis - was a famous trumpet player who won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1997
for his oratorio Blood in the
➔ George Gershwin - was a famous fusion of jazz styles with
➔ Symphonic Jazz - is a classical genres and forms
➔ Rhapsody - is an instrumental musical composition that is irregular in form.

Lesson 3 - Arts in Computer-Generated Images and Mobile Handheld Devices

Vocabulary
➔ Meme - a virally transmitted cultural symbol or social idea.
➔ Hardware - refers to the physical components of a computer or electronic device that you
can touch and see.
➔ Software - is the computer program that makes all the equipment run.
➔ Pixels - are dots that form the onscreen image.
➔ Morphing - is a technique for gradually changing one image into another.
➔ Digital Technology - is a type of transfer that involves breaking a message or form of
communication between two machines down into binary code.
➔ New Media Art - refers to artworks created with new media technologies.

Arts in Smartphone
➔ Phone Art - this explores some of the groundbreaking works that are being created by artists
today using smartphone technology.
➔ Camera Phone - is a smartphone that can capture photographs or often record video.
➔ Selfie - self-portrait photograph
➔ With Frame, With Stickers, With Automatic Collage, With Text Bubbles
➔ Social Media - online platforms and websites that enable users to create, share, and interact
with content in a virtual environment.
➔ Facebook - an American for-profit corporation, an online social media, and social networking
service based in Menlo Park, California.
➔ Instagram - photo-sharing application and service that allows users to share photos and
videos.
➔ Blog - a type of website or an online platform where individuals or groups of people, known
as bloggers, share information, opinions, and updates on a specific topic or multiple topics.
 ➔ The term "blog" is derived from the combination of "web" and "log," and it originally
referred to online diaries or journals.

Computer Generated Images

➔ Computer-aided design (CAD) - allows artists, architects, engineers, and others to accurately
create two- and three-dimensional drawings.
➔ Lesson 4 - The Arts of Digital Photography and Digital Painting
➔ Arterminology
➔ Pentaprism - a type of optical prism used in various optical systems, such as cameras and
binoculars, to direct light and ensure correct image orientation.
➔ Vivid - adjective that describes something that is intensely bright, colorful, or distinct, often
with a striking or lively appearance.
➔ Illusion - a visual or perceptual trick created by the artist to deceive the viewer's senses.
➔ Facades - representation of building exteriors or architectural fronts in visual works.
➔ The Art of Digital Photography
➔ Photography - derives its name from the Greek photos and graphics meaning “light” and
“writing” respectively.
➔ Digital Photography - is a form of photography that uses digitized cameras like a phone or a
tablet.

Understanding the Digital Camera

➔ Storage Media Device - is a device dedicated to securely and accurately holding digital data
files.
➔ Point and Shoot - it requires little to no adjustment before capturing a picture.
➔ Field - it provides added features that allow a user to make manual adjustments and change
lenses before capturing a picture to increase image quality.
➔ Professional - it has greater control over exposure, lenses, color, and image resolution.

The Digital SLR Camera

➔ The SLR - Single Lens Reflex.
➔ Flash - it provides extra light when capturing pictures in dark or ill-lit areas.
➔ Zoom - it allows a user to bring the image of the subject closer to the viewing area to capture
a photograph.
➔ Battery Format - a lot of digital cameras today use AAA batteries.
➔ Camera Lens - they are also known as photographic lenses.

Lesson 5 - Healthy Lifestyle and Weight Management

➔ Overweight - this means having more body weight than is considered normal for one’s age or
build.
➔ Obesity - is the condition of being obese.

Causes of Obesity or Being Overweight

➔ Sedentary Lifestyle
➔ Metabolic or eating disorder
 ➔ Food allergies
➔ Psychological and mental conditions.
➔ Eating Disorder - is a mental health condition characterized by abnormal eating habits and a
preoccupation with food, weight, and body shape.

Types of Eating Disorder

➔ Anorexia Nervosa - is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a
distorted body image, and persistent self-imposed starvation leading to significant weight
loss.
➔ Bulimia Nervosa - is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating,
during which individuals consume large amounts of food in a short period, followed by
compensatory behaviors such as forced vomiting, excessive exercise, or the misuse of
laxatives or diuretics to prevent weight gain.
➔ Binge Eating Disorder - a person who suffers from binge eating disorder will frequently lose
control over his/her eating.

Lesson 6 - Consumer Welfare and Protection

Nutrient Nibbles
➔ Contraception - methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy by interfering with the
normal process of conception or fertilization.
➔ Opium poppy - scientifically known as Papaver somniferum, is a plant that is the source of
opium, a substance historically used for medicinal and recreational purposes.
➔ Cybercrime - refers to criminal activities that are carried out using computers and the
Internet.

Consumer Welfare and Protection

➔ Consumer Law - Republic Act No. 7394, known as The Consumer Act of the Philippines, is a
legal framework designed to safeguard the rights and interests of consumers in transactions
with businesses.

The following are the eight (8) basic consumer rights:

➔ Right to Basic needs - This guarantees survival, adequate food, and clothing, This
guarantees protection to
➔ Right to Safety - the consumer against the marketing of goods or the provision of
services that are hazardous to health and life.
➔ Right to Information - This protects the consumers against dishonest or misleading
advertising or labeling.
➔ Right to Choose - This gives the consumer the right to choose products at
competitive prices with an assurance of satisfactory quality.
➔ Right to Presentation - This gives the consumer the right to express his/her interests
in the making and execution of government policies.
➔ Right to Redress - This gives the consumer the right to be compensated for
misinterpretation, shoddy goods, or unsatisfactory services.
➔ Right to Consumer Education - This is the right to acquire the knowledge and skills
necessary to be an informed consumer.
 ➔ Right to a Healthy Environment - This is the right to live and work in an environment
that is neither threatening nor dangerous.

Consumer agencies responsible for product safety and alert are the following:
➔ Department of Agriculture on products related to agriculture.
➔ Department of Health on products related to food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, and hazardous
substances.

Agencies and organizations exist to protect consumers around the world:

➔ The International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network (ICPEN).
◆ This is a group of organizations from different countries that team up to make sure
consumers are treated fairly when buying things internationally.
➔ United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
◆ This is a helpful team within the United Nations that supports countries, especially
those that are still growing, with trade and development issues to make their
economies better.
➔ APEC Electronic Commerce Steering Group (AECSG)
➔ This organization encourages online business growth in the APEC region by helping
make rules and policies for e-commerce.
➔ ASEAN Coordinating Committee on Consumer Protection (ACCCP)
➔ This organization secures Southeast Asian consumers by preventing unfair practices
and ensuring safe products in the market.
➔ The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
➔ This is an international organization where countries come together to discuss and
collaborate on economic policies and social issues.

Significance of Health Trends, Issues, and Concerns.

➔ Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (RA 10354)
➔ RH Law - This aims to provide universal access to methods of contraception, fertility
control, sexual education, and maternal care.
➔ The Elements of Reproductive Health (Section 4, RA 10354)
➔ Family Planning - Access to information and services that enable individuals and
couples to make informed choices about the number and spacing of their children.
➔ Maternal and Child Health - Ensuring the health and well-being of mothers during
pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, as well as the health of infants
and children.
➔ Sexual Health - Promoting a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual
relationships, including access to sexual education, counseling, and services.

Prevention and Treatment of Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) and Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STIs)
➔ Proscriptions of abortion and management of abortion complications
➔ Infertility Treatment - Support and medical interventions for individuals or couples
facing challenges in achieving pregnancy.
➔ Adolescent Reproductive Health - Addressing the unique reproductive health needs
and challenges faced by adolescents, including sexual education and access to
services.
➔ Gender Equality and Empowerment - Promoting equal rights and opportunities for
individuals of all genders, including addressing issues such as gender-based violence
and discrimination.
➔ Reproductive Rights - Ensuring that individuals have the right to make decisions
about their reproductive lives free from discrimination, coercion, and violence.
➔ Access to Reproductive Health Services - Providing affordable and accessible
healthcare services that cover the full range of reproductive health needs.
➔ Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 (RA 9211) - is a law in the Philippines that regulates
the packaging, use, sale, distribution, and advertisement of tobacco products.
➔ Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (RA 9165) - is a law in the Philippines
that addresses the issue of illegal drugs.
➔ Consumer Act of the Philippines (RA 7394) - is a law that aims to protect the
interests of consumers, promote their general welfare, and establish standards of
conduct for business and industry in the country.
➔ National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 (RA 9512) - aims to
promote environmental awareness and education among the Filipino people,
emphasizing the importance of understanding, respecting, and conserving the
environment.
➔ Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997 (RA8423) - is a law in the
Philippines that recognizes the importance of traditional and alternative medicine in
the country's healthcare system.
➔ Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 (RA 8504) - is a law that focuses
on the prevention and control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in the Philippines.
➔ National Blood Services Act of 1994 (RA 7719) - is a law in the Philippines that
provides for a comprehensive and integrated approach to blood services. Seat Belt
Use Act of 1999 (RA8750)- is a law that requires mandatory compliance by motorists
of private and public vehicles to use seat belt devices.
➔ Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (RA 10175) - is a law that addresses offenses
committed through the use of the internet and other information and
communication technologies.
➔ Anti-child Pornography Act of 2009 (RA 9775) - is a law aimed at preventing and
penalizing the use of children in pornographic activities.