PRECISION

AGRICULTURE
Module II (Sensing Aproaches)
 Content
1. Introduction
2. Sensing Approaches
3. Remote Sensing Systems
4. Proximal Sensing Systems
5. Sensors in Precision Agriculture
6. Sensing Resolutions
7. Global Navegation Satellite Systems
Introduction
Sensing aproaches
Introduction
More recently, the current (2019) official definition of PA
recognized by the International Society for Precision
Agriculture (ISPA 2019).

“Precision agriculture is a management strategy that

gathers, processes and analyzes temporal, spatial and
individual data and combines it with other information
to support management decisions according to estimated
variability for improved resource use efficiency,
productivity, quality, profitability and sustainability
of agricultural production.”
 Introduction

ISPA

Agriculture
Precision
production
agriculture

Resource use
Productivity Profitability Sustainability Quality
efficiency
Introduction
More recently, the current (2019) official definition of PA
recognized by the International Society for Precision
Agriculture (ISPA 2019).

“Precision agriculture is a management strategy that

gathers, processes and analyzes temporal, spatial and
individual data and combines it with other information
to support management decisions according to estimated
variability for improved resource use efficiency,
productivity, quality, profitability and sustainability
of agricultural production.”
Sensing aproaches
Remote sensing (RS) implies any measurement done without
direct contact with the medium or object being measured. RS
involves the observation of the earth’s surface from satellite or
airborne systems whereas proximal sensing systems collect
information near the earth’s surface, from ground-based platforms.

Sensing in PA

Remote Proximal
Sensing Sensing

Near the
Earth’s surface
earth’s surface
observation
observation
Remote sensing systems

Satellite remote
sensing

Observe reflectance of different parts of the electromagnetic

spectrum from spaceborne or airborne sensors.

Low spectral High spectral

resolution resolution

NDVI Drought Disease

 Proximal Sensing Systems
Limitation with variation
in lighting (open
environment)
Passive sensors
Optical or spectroscopic
sensors Sometimes it's applied in
the laboratory
Proximal sensing

Emits its own energy

Active Sensors towards the object being
measured

Infrared thermal cameras: captured

All-terrain vehicles Crop Circle sensor: thermal images to determine leaf
(ATVs): farm sense the side water potential and derive rates of
machinery. curtain canopy areas drip irrigation.
of grape vines.
Machine vision camera: to
NIR (Near InfraRed)
obtain dense imagery of the
Spectroscopy Sensor Hyperspectral
vegetation.
cameras

Soil moisture Wireless Sensor

Geophysical sensors
sensors. Networks (WSN)
 Sensors in Precision Agriculture
Precision agriculture can be practiced by following
a 4-stage cycle. Data gathering about
the crop and its
environment

Operation in the Data processing and

field. information extraction.

Decision making.

Sensors are used in the first and fourth stages with two main purposes: (1)
capturing data about the crop and its environment, but also (2)
monitoring the equipment which is carrying the sensors
themselves (agricultural machinery or robots).
Sensing Resolutions

International Vocabulary of Metrology (BIPM)

Smallest change in a quantity being measured that
causes a perceptible change in the corresponding
indication.
Resolution

The main
types in PA

Temporal Spatial Spectral Radiometric

Global Navegation Satellite Systems

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers

are not precisely sensors, but in PA they are
strongly connected to them because of the
importance of obtaining both data on the measured
property and the location of the measurement.

GLONASS
GPS (USA)
(RUSSIA),

GALILEO BEIDOU
(EUROPE) (CHINA)
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THANKS