FDD 8T-32T Solution Technical Description

Huawei

Security Level: Secret

Contents

1 Technical Background

2 Huawei 8T/32T Solution

2 Huawei Confidential
 Methods to Solve the Traffic Congestion

Spectrum:
Spectrum More Frequencies

Higher Network Efficiency:

4T4R / Split Sector / 8T8R
Massive MIMO

Site
Densification Site density base on scenario:
Network Efficiency Difficult in Site Acquisition
High Infra. and Civil work Cost

MIMO is the most reliable technique to solve traffic congestion w/o extra freq.
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MIMO: Key Technology to Increase Spectrum Efficiency

More capacity is possible

Shannon Limit by Massive MIMO with spatial multiplexing

C = B*log2 (1 + PT / N0) bps C = min( Nt, Nr) *B*log2 (1 + PT / N0)

LTE performance is close to Shannon Limit

Nt TX Nr RX
with given number of TRX
T1 R1
8
Spectrum efficiency

Transmitter
6 T2 R2

Receiver
4
2
SINR
0 Tm Rn
-4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
LTE test
LTE实测 Shannon limit
Shannon 极限

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3GPP Defined Massive Antenna is LTE’s Capacity Evolution Trend
2007 2010 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018

Rel-8 Rel-10 Rel-12 Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15

Massive Ports to
2~4 Ports 4~8 Ports 12~16 Ports 20~32 Ports Maximizing Spectrum Efficiency

TM3/TM4 TM9 (Optional) TM9 (Mandatory)

TM9 in Rel.10 TM9 in Rel.12 TM9 in Rel.13 TM9 in Rel.14

• 8 layers SU-MIMO • codebook enhancement from 16
to 256 with a two-stage codebook
• 4 layers MU-MIMO
structure for 4 ports
• CSI-RS & DMRS Involved • PUSCH 3-2 feedback, support sub-
band CQI feedback
• Up to 16 port CSI measurement and
feedback
• DMRS enhancement: 4 orthogonal
ports for better MU-MIMO
• MU-MIMO Enhancement: up to 8-
layer MU-MIMO
• Up to 32 port CSI measurement and feedback
• Codebook enhancement with non-constant
modulus for accurate channel information
feedback
• DMRS based semi Open-Loop to enhance high-
mobility scenario performance

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 TM9 : CSI-RS and DMRS Involved to Provide User-specific Beams

TM4 TM9
CRS
CRS

CSI-RS

DMRS & PDSCH

PDSCH

Access And Mobility: CRS Access And Mobility: CRS

Channel Estimation : CRS
Channel Demodulation: CRS + PMI
Remark:
• CRS: Cell-specific Reference Signal
Channel Estimation : CSI-RS (Group)
Channel Demodulation: DMRS (User-specific)
More information about TM9: http://3ms.huawei.com/mm/docMaintain/mmMaintain.do?method=showMMDetail&f_id=LTE180503411513335
• PMI: Precoding Matrix Indicator • CSI-RS: Channel State Information Reference Signal • DMRS: Demodulation Reference Signal

All 5G Terminal support TM9, but only the latest 4G Terminal support TM9, so 4G TM9 penetration is still low
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Spatial Division Multiplex is the Basis for Massive MIMO Capacity
Option 1: Increase RB resources with Option 2：User paring by MU-MIMO with
multiple cell-specific beams user-specific beams
for All UEs for TM9 UE

SMB DMB
Static Multiple Beam Dynamic Massive Beam

SSB DDB
Static Shared Beam Dynamic Dedicated Beam

In a scheduling TTI period, the same RB resources are shared In a scheduling TTI period, the same RB resources are
by all users in multiple cell-specific beams with different PCI, used to schedule multiple orthogonal TM9 UEs to
thereby implementing spatial multiplexing. implement spatial multiplexing.

More narrow beams generated by beamforming is required for two options

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Maximum DL 16 Streams with FDD Massive MIMO

Physical cell

Spatial division multiplexing Data streams 4 streams

4 streams 16 streams
4 streams
2 streams
… 4 streams
… …
… … … … … … … … … … … …
… …
or …

… … …

… … …

Frequency division multiplexing

32T32R with
Multiple Cell-specific Beams
2T2R
8T8R: 8 streams with 2 cells
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32T32R with
MU-MIMO by User-specific Beams
8T8R: 4 streams @ LTE / 8 streams @ NR
Beamforming is the Precondition for Spatial Division Multiplex
Beamforming Principle Horizontal
Horizontal Pattern
Pattern of 1/2/4/8
of Different Half
Number of Wavelength Dipole
Half Wavelength Dipole

0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

1 dipole Vertical
Vertical Pattern
Pattern
2 dipoles of 1/2/4/8
of Different
separated 2 Half
by λ / Number of Wavelength
Half
4 dipoles by λ / 2Dipole
Wavelength
separated Dipole
8 dipoles separated by λ / 2
0 0 0 0

2 dipoles separated by λ / 2

4 dipoles separated by λ / 2

8 dipoles separated by λ / 2
-10 -10 -10 -10

-20 -20 -20 -20

-30 -30 -30 -30

1 dipole
-40 -40 -40 -40

-30 -30 -30 -30

-20 -20 -20 -20

-10 -10 -10 -10

0 0 0 0

Different Beam Direction with Phase Shift

More TRXs can generate more

narrow beam with better separation
and interference control 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

8T8R is the Beginning of Beamforming

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Contents

1 Technical Background

2 Huawei 8T/32T Solution

10 Huawei Confidential
 8T8R 32T32R

FDD Smart 8T8R: Enable LTE 2x+ Capacity, NR 3x+ Capacity

8T8R + SDA Solution Boosting capacity with evolution

SDA
Software Defined Antenna

SMB LTE: 1.5~1.7x @2R UE

Static Multiple Beam

Flexible NR: 2.3~2.6x (Native BF)@4R UE

Beams
Baseline: 4T3S
DMB
Cluster Dynamic Massive Beam
Performance in commercial networks
Connector
300

250 NR 8T8R 2.6x

Power boosting +10%~20% User Exp. 200

DL Traffic
Power sharing 150
LTE 8T8R
1.7x
100% beams
f1 100
100% users
f2 100% time 50 LTE 4T4R
s1 s2 100% Power PRB(%)
RRU5862 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
1.8+2.1G/AWS+PCS
Baseline: LTE 4T4R SRC: Operator M
Dual-band 8T8R RRU

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 8T8R 32T32R

Benefits & Challenges Faced by Analog Split 4T6S

VS. 4T3S：
1.4 ~ 1.6x @ 2R UE 1.9~2.3x @ 4R UE
Capacity and Experience Capacity and Experience

Site selection needs traffic load balance

6Sectors • Uneven UE distribution between sectors affects gains
3 Cells 6 Cells and reduces the deployment (Site discard rate ~30%)

Space Different RATs need different configuration

2x
Division
RB Resources Multiplexing • Maintaining 3-sector for GSM and UMTS requires
extra costs, reducing deployment willingness.
• With NR-oriented evolution, 4T6S provides worse user
experience than 8T3S in light- and medium-load
scenarios.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 12

 8T8R 32T32R

Split Antenna 4T6S and Huawei Smart 8T8R(SDA Antenna)

Split Antenna 4T6S SDA 8T8R
Insensitive for user
balanced user distribution distribution Smart Capacity
Inter-sector + 20%
power sharing
S1 S2 application scenario
S1 S2

LTE 4T6S
change
LTE/NR DMB LTE SMB
“0”
LTE/NR DMB Smooth Evolution
antenna Touch One Click
LTE NR

Static Multiple Beam Dynamic Massive Beam LNR DSS for 8T8R available in eRAN18.1

2/3G 2/3G Simplified Site

4G 4G “0”
2/3/4G beam all need in One Site with change for GU
same configuration multi-RAT decoupling

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 8T8R 32T32R

Difference Between SDA & Common Split Antenna

Common Split Antenna: Software-Defined Antenna:
Common split antennas support only analog SDA uses analog beamforming (heart-shaped wide
beamforming (narrow beams). beams) and digital beamforming to implement split
(narrow beams).

TX1/2 TX3/4
Digital beamforming TX0 TX2
× × × × Left cell 1 -j
× × × × Right cell 1 j
× × × ×
Half Wavelength × × × ×
Dipole
× × × ×
4T4R 4T4R To achieve Digital
× × × ×
beamforming beamforming
× × × ×
× × × ×
× × × ×
× × × ×
Analog
× × × ×
beamforming
× × × ×
× × × ×
× × × ×
× × × ×
× × × ×
TX1 TX3

TX5/6 TX7/8

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 14

 8T8R 32T32R

FDD 8T8R DMB Mode

8T8R with LTE TM9
• Under LTE 8T3S, MU-MIMO Gain, higher user paring
layers leads to ~20%+ Capacity than 4T3S.
• But due to only 4 streams & 2 beams @ LTE, capacity
gain is less than LTE 4T6S
8T8R to NR
• Under NR 8T3S, Benefited by SSB Sweeping with 4 beams,
Downlink Coverage Extend 6~8dB than LTE 4T3S.
• MU-MIMO Gain, higher user paring layers leads to high
Capacity. Due to 8 streams @ NR, capacity gain is higher.

Capacity Gain Compare

NR 8T
* Protocol narrow beam
evolution
LTE 2R UE
~4X (*)
NR 4R UE LTE 4T
wide beam
~3.5X
9
~2.1X
0
~2X
(4T6S with SMB) °
~1.3X
Baseline ~1.6X
(8T3S with DMB)
6~8 dB sum up of
① 3~5dB SSB Beamforming Gain
② 3dB NR SSB 8x20w vs LTE CRS 40w
2T2R 4T4R 8T8R (LTE Typical Pa=-3)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 15

 8T8R 32T32R

Benefits of Massive MIMO

Higher Network Capacity
Better User Experience
Shorter Latency
More Beams
More Resource
FDD M-MIMO

~40% TCO Saving

3D Beamforming
Control
FDD dual-band Massive MIMO vs FDD 2T2R sites densify

Maximizing Site Capacity Easy Evolution toward 5G

Vs. 4T3S:
2~3x (LTE 2R UE)
4~6x (NR 4R UE)
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 8T8R 32T32R

FDD Massive MIMO Solution for Current UE Capability

Static Multiple Beam mode: UE Capability requirement：3GPP Rel8 TM4
Gain Foundation: Spatial Multiplexing

Downlink
• SMB(Static Multiple Beam)introduce multiple times of resource with
beamforming of multiple cells.
• Independent PCI configuration of each beam, introduce higher inter-cell
interference between beams (MCS, CQI，High rank ratio decrease)

Uplink for 3/4 Beams:

Using 32Rx, and mapping to 4 logical ports + UL CoMP
Using 32Rx, and forming 32 received beams （available eRAN18.1）

Uplink for 1/2 Beams:

Using 32Rx, and forming 32 received beams

In SMB mode, TM4 UE have 2.5x~3x Capacity gain vs. 4T3S，but TM9 UE cannot get extra gain
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 8T8R 32T32R

FDD Massive MIMO Solution for Future UE Capability

Dynamic Massive Beam: UE Capability requirement：3GPP Rel10 TM9
Gain Foundation: MU-MIMO

• DMB(Dynamic Massive Beam) introduce multiple times of resource with MU

scheduling within one cell.
• Need TM9 penetration ratio>70%

MU MIMO: Same time, same RBs

Main UE Add candidate
Start Candidate UE indexing
Scheduling UE
SU-MIMO MU-MIMO Gain
Predict
RB RB sum rate
resource resource Paired
No Gain

MU Scheduling Principle: Roll back to last

state

Need high traffic load

Need high TM9 penetration ratio end

In DMB mode, TM9 UE have 10~40% capacity gain vs. SMB mode
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 8T8R 32T32R

Intelligent Beam Scheduling Enables TM4/9 Hybrid

f In case Only TM4 Users In case TM4+TM9 Users TM4 User
RB 100
Cell Bandwidth: 20Mhz

RB 99 TM9 User

Broadcast beam
…

Data beam
RB n
…

+10%~40%
RB 4 User Throughput
RB 3 for TM9 Users
RB 2
RB 1
Capacity from Multi-Cells Enhance TM9 user exp. from beamforming
TTI n t Enables TM9 MU-MIMO
Capacity Gains

Maximize Site capacity with

SMB No Dependence on TM9 UE Penetration
~70%
DMB TM9 UE Penetration
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
LNOFD-151305 Intelligent Beam Scheduling, UBBPg requires, trial in eRAN15.1, commercial in eRAN16.1
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 Open Discussion

20 Huawei Confidential
Thank you.