Cambridge International AS & A Level

* 6 2 8 9 7 0 9 4 4 3 *

FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9231/12

Paper 1 Further Pure Mathematics 1 October/November 2023

2 hours

You must answer on the question paper.

You will need: List of formulae (MF19)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● If additional space is needed, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet; the question
number or numbers must be clearly shown.
● You should use a calculator where appropriate.
● You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a
calculator.
● Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in
degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 75.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (PQ) 311424/2
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
 2
n
1 (a) Use standard results from the list of formulae (MF19) to find / (3r + 3r + 1) in terms of n,
2

r =1
simplifying your answer. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23

 3

(b) Show that

1 1 3r 2 + 3r + 1
- =
r 3 ( r + 1) 3 r 3 ( r + 1) 3
n
/ 3rr (+r +3r1+) 1 .
2
and hence use the method of differences to find 3 3 [5]
r =1

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

3
/ 3rr (+r +3r1+) 1 .
2
(c) Deduce the value of 3 3 [1]
r =1

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23 [Turn over

 4

2 Prove by mathematical induction that, for all positive integers n,

d n ` 2 xj ` 2
x e = x + 2nx + n (n - 1)j e x . [6]
dx n

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23
 5

k 0 1 0
3 The matrix M is given by M = e oe o, where k is a constant and k ! 0 and k ! 1.
0 1 1 1
(a) The matrix M represents a sequence of two geometrical transformations. State the type of each
transformation, and make clear the order in which they are applied. [2]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

The unit square in the x – y plane is transformed by M onto parallelogram OPQR.

(b) Find, in terms of k, the area of parallelogram OPQR and the matrix which transforms OPQR onto
the unit square. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................
1
(c) Show that the line through the origin with gradient is invariant under the transformation in
k-1
the x – y plane represented by M. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23 [Turn over

 6

4 The cubic equation 27x 3 + 18x 2 + 6x - 1 = 0 has roots a , b , c .

(a) Show that a cubic equation with roots 3a + 1, 3b + 1, 3c + 1 is

y3 - y2 + y - 2 = 0. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23

 7

The sum (3a + 1) n + (3b + 1) n + (3c + 1) n is denoted by Sn .

(b) Find the values of S2 and S3 . [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

(c) Find the values of S -1 and S -2 . [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23 [Turn over

 8

5 The plane P 1 has equation r = i - j - 2k + m (i - 2j - 3k) + n (3i - k) .

(a) Find an equation for P 1 in the form ax + by + cz = d . [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

The line l, which does not lie in P 1 , has equation r = - 3i + k + t (i + j + k) .

(b) Show that l is parallel to P 1 . [2]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23

 9

(c) Find the distance between l and P 1 . [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

(d) The plane P 2 has equation 3x + 3y + 2z = 1.

Find a vector equation of the line of intersection of P 1 and P 2 . [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23 [Turn over

 10
1
6 The curve C has polar equation r = e - i - e - 2 r , where 0 G i G 12 r .

(a) Sketch C and state, in exact form, the greatest distance of a point on C from the pole. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the exact value of the area of the region bounded by C and the initial line. [5]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23

 11

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

(c) Show that, at the point on C furthest from the initial line,
1
1 - e i- 2 r - tan i = 0

and verify that this equation has a root between 0.56 and 0.57. [5]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23 [Turn over
 12

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23

 13

x2
7 The curve C has equation y = f (x) , where f (x) = .
x+1
(a) Find the equations of the asymptotes of C. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the coordinates of any stationary points on C. [2]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23 [Turn over
 14

(c) Sketch C. [3]

1
(d) Find the coordinates of any stationary points on the curve with equation y = . [2]
f (x)
............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23
 15

1
(e) Sketch the curve with equation y = and find, in exact form, the set of values for which
f (x)
1
2 f (x) . [6]
f (x)

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23

 16

Additional page

If you use the following page to complete the answer to any question, the question number must be clearly
shown.

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9231/12/O/N/23