Route/ Nursing

Drug Name Frequency/ Indication Mechanisms of Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Responsibilities/
Dosage Action Effects Patient Teaching

Nitroglycerin -PO/SL -An -It is converted by -For patients who - Severe or -Serious eye -Keep all
- q8h/ PRN extended- mitochondrial are taking PDE-5 throbbing symptoms appointments with
- 6.5 mg/ 0.4 release aldehyde Inhibitors, such as -Headaches such as your doctor.
mg capsules are dehydrogenase in avanafil, sildenafil, -Pounding sudden vision -Before having any
used to smooth muscle tadalafil, vardenafil heartbeats loss, blurred laboratory test, tell
prevent cells to nitric oxide hydrochloride. -Fluttering in vision, tunnel your doctor and
chest pain (NO), a potent Concomitant use your chest vision, eye the laboratory
(angina) in vasodilator. NO can cause severe -Slow heart pain or personnel that you
people with a activates the hypotension, rate swelling, or are taking
certain heart enzyme guanylate syncope, or -Dizziness seeing halos nitroglycerin
condition cyclase, which myocardial -Blurred around lights. sublingual.
(coronary converts ischemia vision -Serious heart -Do not take this
artery guanosine -For patients who -Dry mouth symptoms drug with food.
disease). triphosphate (GTP) are taking the -Chest pain such as fast, -Take this drug
This to cyclic soluble guanylate -Pain irregular, or only when you
medication guanosine- cyclase stimulators, spreading to pounding have severe chest
belongs to a monophosphate such as riociguat. your jaw or heartbeats; pain.
class of (cGMP) in vascular Concomitant use shoulder fluttering in -Do not crush,
drugs known smooth muscle can cause -Nausea your chest; chew, or cut this
as nitrates. and other tissues. hypotension. -Sweating shortness of tablet.
This drug cGMP is an -For patients with breath; and -Store nitroglycerin
works by endogenous severe anemia sudden at room
relaxing and vasodilator of -For patients with dizziness, temperature.
widening vascular smooth Increased lightheadedne -Keep this drug
blood muscle. It causes Intracranial ss, or passing away from light.
vessels so protein kinase- Pressure. out. -Don’t store this
blood can dependent -For patients who -Severe medication in
flow more phosphorylation are allergic to headache, moist or damp
easily to the and activates nitroglycerin, other confusion, areas, such as
heart.This downstream nitrates or nitrites slurred bathrooms.
medication cascades that or any excipient. speech, arm
will not promote relaxation -For patients with or leg
relieve chest and increased acute circulatory weakness,
pain once it blood flow in veins, failure or shock. trouble
 occurs. It is arteries and walking, loss
also not cardiac tissue. An of
intended to in vitro study using coordination,
be taken just mouse aorta feeling
before suggests that nitric unsteady, very
physical oxide, an active stiff muscles,
activities metabolite of high fever,
(such as nitroglycerin, profuse
exercise, targets the sweating, or
sexual natriuretic peptide tremors.
activity) to receptors.
prevent
chest pain.

Route/ Nursing
Drug Name Frequency/ Indication Mechanisms of Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Effects Responsibilitie
Dosage Action s/ Patient
Teaching

Theo-Dur -PO -Used to treat -It relaxes the -For patient who -Nausea or -Exacerbated -Caution patient
-BID lung diseases smooth muscle of previously vomiting cardiac not to chew or
-100mg such as asthma the bronchial developed a -Stomach or arrhythmias, crush enteric-
and COPD airways and hypersensitivity abdominal urinary retention coated timed-
(bronchitis, pulmonary blood reaction to the pain (particularly in release
emphysema). It vessels and reduces drug or any -Headache elderly males) preparations.
must be used airway component of its -Trouble -Exacerbated -Give immediate
regularly to responsiveness to formulation (such sleeping seizures, -Status release, liquid
prevent histamine, as an allergy to -Diarrhea, epilepticus dosage forms
wheezing and methacholine, corn-related -Irritability -Exacerbated with food if GI
shortness of adenosine, and products (in -Restlessnes peptic ulcer effects occur.
breath. allergen. injection use only). -Nervousnes -Atrial or sinus -Do not give
-This medication -Competitively -hypersensitivity to -Shaking - tachycardia timed-release
belongs to a inhibits type III and xanthine Increased -Palpitations. preparations
class of drugs type IV derivatives and urination may -Abdominal pain with food; these
known as phosphodiesterase patients with occur -Diarrhea should be given
xanthines. It (PDE), the enzyme coronary artery -Irregular -Gastric irritation on an empty
works in the responsible for disease (where the heartbeat -GERD stomach, 1 hr
airways by breaking down cardiac stimulation -Loss of -Hypersensitivity before or 2 hr
relaxing cyclic AMP in effect of appetite -Increased after meals.
muscles, smooth muscle theophylline might -Mood serum calcium -Advise patients
opening cells, possibly prove harmful). changes -Increased blood that this drug
breathing resulting in -Muscle creatinine should not be
passages, and bronchodilation. cramps or -Hyperuricemia used during
decreasing the -Binds to the spasms -Hypokalaemia pregnancy;
lungs' response adenosine A2B -Muscle pain -Hyperglycaemia using barrier
to irritants. receptor and blocks or stiffness -Electrolyte contraceptives is
adenosine mediated imbalance. recommended
bronchoconstriction. -Rash, -Monitor results
-Hypotension. of serum
theophylline
level
determinations
carefully.
-Avoid excessive
 intake of coffee,
tea, cocoa, cola
beverages, and
chocolate. which
may increase
your side
effects.
Report nausea,
vomiting, severe
GI pain,
restlessness,
seizures,
irregular
heartbeat

Route/ Nursing
 Drug Frequency/ Indication Mechanisms of Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Effects Responsibilities
Name Dosage Action / Patient
Teaching

Albuterol -MDI - Used to treat or -Acts on β2- -Hypersensitivity -Tremor -Allergic -You can take
-QID PRN prevent adrenergic is a -Increased BP reactions this drug with or
-2 puffs bronchospasm, receptors, contraindication -Nervousness -Ear infection without food.
or narrowing of inducing for albuterol. In (children aged (otitis media) -Take this drug at
the airways in the bronchial cases of 2-6 years old) -Nosebleed the times
lungs, in people smooth muscle hypersensitivity to -Insomnia -Increased recommended
with asthma or relaxation and milk protein, it is (children aged appetite and as directed
certain types of inhibiting advisable to avoid 6-12 years -Urinary tract by your doctor
chronic immediate albuterol receiving 4-12 infection -Consider inline
obstructive hypersensitivity formulations that mg every 12 -Dry mouth nebs for patients
pulmonary mediator contain lactose as hours) -Belching or gas requiring
disease (COPD). release, an excipient. -Nausea -Increased endotracheal
It is also used to particularly from -Severe -Fever sweating intubation or
prevent exercise- mast cells. tachycardia is a - -Pain CPAP.
induced Although relative Bronchospas -Indigestion -May precipitate
bronchospasm. albuterol also contraindication m -Hyperactivity angina pectoris
- Use in adults affects β1- -Vomiting -Chills and dysrhythmias
and children who adrenergic -Headache -Enlarged lymph -Should be used
are at least 4 receptors, the -Dizziness nodes with caution in
years old. impact is -Cough -Palpitations or patients with
minimal, increased suspected or
exerting little heartbeat known coronary
effect on the -Eye itching disease, diabetes
heart rate. In a -Sweating mellitus,
particular study -Conjunctivitis in hyperthyroidism,
utilizing children aged 2-6 prostatic
immuno- years hypertrophy, or
liposomes to -Difficulty seizure disorder
deliver albuterol speaking -Wheezing
to oxytocin -Flu syndrome associated with
receptors, anaphylaxis
albuterol should first be
demonstrated treated with
the ability to epinephrine IM.
alleviate uterine -Use albuterol
 contractions. with caution
Notably, during pregnancy
albuterol is not if benefits
approved for outweigh risks.
use as a
tocolytic.

Route/ Indication Mechanisms of Contraindicati Side Effects Adverse Nursing

 Drug Frequency/ Action on Effects Responsibilities/
Name Dosage Patient Teaching

Atrovent -MDI -An -Acts as an - -dry mouth -Wheezing, -Be careful not to
-QID PRN anticholinergic antagonist of the Hypersensitivit -Bitter taste choking, or spray Atrovent HFA in
-2 puffs bronchodilator, muscarinic y to -Headache other breathing your eyes.
packaged in an acetylcholine ipratropium -Dizziness problems after -Do not have to shake
inhaler, used for receptor.1 This bromide or tiredness using this ATROVENTbefore
maintenance and effect produces other -Cold medicine using it.
treatment of the inhibition of ATROVENT symptoms -Bronchitis -If you have trouble
bronchospasm the HFA such as stuffy -Little or no breathing right after
associated with parasympathetic components. nose sneezing urination using your inhaler,
chronic nervous system - -Sore throat -Blurred vision, use your rescue
obstructive in the airways Hypersensitivit -Cough with tunnel vision, inhaler (albuterol)
pulmonary and hence, y to atropine or mucus chest eye pain, or right away and call
disease (COPD), inhibits their any of its tightness seeing halos your doctor as soon
including chronic function. The derivatives. -Trouble around lights as possible so they
bronchitis, and function of the breathing -Worsened can find you a
emphysema. parasympathetic -Nausea breathing different treatment.
-Atrovent HFA is system in the -Upset problems. -Don’t use Atrovent to
available as a airway is to stomach -Sinusitis relieve sudden
generic termed generate -Constipation (swelling of the breathing problems.
ipratropium bronchial -Back pain sinuses) Use your rescue
bromide. secretions and -Fever inhaler to quickly
constriction and -Chills improve your
hence, the -Body aches breathing if you’re
inhibition of this -Flu symptoms suddenly short of
action can lead breath. Keep your
to rescue inhaler with
bronchodilation you at all times.
and fewer -Should be “primed” 2
secretions. times before you use
the first dose of a new
atrovent inhaler or
when the inhaler has
not been used for
more than 3 days.
 Route/ Mechanisms of Adverse Nursing
Drug Name Frequency/ Indication Action Contraindication Side Effects Effects Responsibilities/
Dosage Patient Teaching

Cyclosporine -PO -used to - A calcineurin -Breastfeeding -high blood -Bleeding gums - May cause
-BID prevent organ inhibitor that -For patients with pressure -blood in the seizures, tremors,
-250mg rejection in inhibits immune a hypersensitivity -headache urine hypertension,
people who system function. to cyclosporine or -decreased -blood in the hepatotoxicity,
have received a Specifically, it to any of the kidney function vomit diarrhea, N/V,
liver, kidney, or temporarily ingredients of the -excess hair -burning, - gingival
heart reducesTrusted formulation. growth in crawling, - hyperplasia
transplant. It is Source the -For rheumatoid certain areas itching, - -Increases
usually used activity of cells arthritis patients -skin sensitivity numbness, - immune
along with other in the immune with abnormal -stomach pain prickling, - suppression with
medications to system called renal function, -acne tingling feelings corticosteroids
allow your new lymphocytes, uncontrolled -increased -chest tightness -Avoid grapefruit
organ to such as T hypertension, or gum size -difficulty juice while taking
function helper cells and malignancies -fatigue swallowing this medications
normally. T suppressor should not receive -muscle, bone, -hives - Assess for signs
Cyclosporine cells. Cyclosporine Oral or joint pain pale skin of organ rejection
belongs to a - It reduces how Solution USP -pinpoint red - -Monitor renal
class of drugs much enzyme MODIFIED. spots on the - panel, liver
known as interleukin-2 (IL- -For psoriasis skin enzymes
immunosuppre 2) the body patients with puffiness or -Take medication
ssants. It works produces. IL-2 abnormal renal swelling of the as directed
by slowing regulates white function, eyelids or -Lifelong therapy
down your blood cell uncontrolled around the eyes, required for
body's defense activity. hypertension, or face, lips, or transplant
system Suppressing IL- malignancies tongue patients.
(immune 2 can reduce should not receive -seizures
system) to the body’s Cyclosporine Oral -severe or
prevent your immune Solution USP continuing
body from response, which MODIFIED. stomach pain
rejecting a reduces the
transplanted symptoms of
organ. autoimmune
conditions.
 Route/ Mechanisms Adverse Effects Nursing
Drug Frequency Indication of Action Contraindication Side Effects Responsibilities/
Name / Dosage Patient Teaching

Prednisone -PO -An anti- -Prednisone, a -Systemic fungal -Aggression -Insomnia, - -Increase dosage
-QD inflammatory or biologically infections. -Agitation Nervousness - when patient is
-10mg immunosuppressi inert Concomitant -Blurred vision Increased appetite, subject to stress.
ve drug for corticosteroid, administration with -Decrease -Indigestion, - -Taper doses when
allergic, is converted live or live amount of Dizziness discontinuing high-
dermatologic, hepatically into attenuated urine -Headache, - dose or long-term
gastrointestinal, the vaccines -Dizziness Hirsutism therapy to avoid
hematologic, glucocorticoid (particularly -Irregular -Hypopigmentation adrenal
ophthalmologic, corticosteroid immunosuppressiv heartbeat or -Diabetes mellitus - insufficiency.
nervous system, prednisolone. e doses). pulse Glucose -Do not give live
renal, respiratory, It decreases -Headache intolerance, - virus vaccines with
rheumatologic, inflammation -Irritability Hyperglycaemia, - immunosuppressive
infectious, by the reversal -Mood Arthralgia, - doses of
endocrine, or of increased changes Cataracts, - corticosteroids.
neoplastic capillary -Tingling in Glaucoma, - -Do not stop taking
conditions as well permeability the arms or Epistaxis, - the drug without
as in organ and legs Diaphoresis, - consulting your
transplant. suppression of -Pounding in Cushing’s healthcare provider
polymorphonu the ears syndrome, -Edema -Avoid exposure to
clear -Shortness of -Fractures, - infections.
leukocytes breath Hallucinations -Report unusual
migration. -Swelling of -Hypertension, - weight gain,
Additionally, it the fingers, Muscle wasting, - swelling of the
suppresses hands, feet, or Osteoporosis, - extremities, muscle
the immune lower legs Pancreatitis, - weakness, black or
system by the -Trouble Pituitary-adrenal tarry stools, fever,
reduction of thinking, axis suppression, - prolonged sore
lymphatic speaking, or Seizures. throat, colds or
system activity walking other infections,
and volume. -Troubled worsening of the
breathing at disorder for which
rest the drug is being
-Weight gain taken.
 Route/ Mechanisms of Adverse Nursing
Drug Name Frequenc Indication Action Contraindication Side Effects Effects Responsibilities/
y/ Dosage Patient Teaching

Mycophenolate -PO -used in -A prodrug of -Allergy to the -Constipation -Sudden severe -Be alert for signs
mofetil -BID combination with mycophenolic drug or its -Nausea stomach pain, - of progressive
-1500mg other medications acid (MPA), an excipients -Vomiting Stomach pain multifocal
to keep your body inhibitor of -For patients with -Difficulty that doesn't go leukoencephalop
from attacking and inosine-5'- known falling asleep away, or athy. Signs
rejecting your monophosphate hypersensitivity to or staying diarrhea include memory
transplanted organ dehydrogenase. polysorbate. asleep -Difficulty lapses,
(such as kidney, MPA depletes -During pregnancy -Pain, breathing decreased
liver, heart). It guanosine and women who especially in -Chest pain cognition, vision
belongs to a class nucleotides are breastfeeding the back, -Rash loss, speech
of medications preferentially in due to its muscles, or -Itching problems,
called T and B mutagenic and joints -Dizziness, incoordination,
immunosuppressa lymphocytes teratogenic -Headache fainting, pale ataxia, and
nts. It works by and inhibits their potential. -Burning skin, lack of muscle weakness
weakening your proliferation, feeling on the energy, - that can progress
body's defense thereby skin Shortness of to paralysis,
system (immune suppressing -Swelling of the breath, or fast seizures, and
system) to help cell-mediated hands, arms, heartbeat coma. Report
your body accept immune feet, ankles, or -Unusual these signs to the
the new organ as responses and lower legs bleeding or physician or
if it were your own. antibody tremor bruising; - nursing staff
formation. Vomiting or immediately.
spitting up -Monitor signs of
blood or brown GI bleeding,
material that including
resembles abdominal pain,
coffee grounds; vomiting blood,
-Bloody or blood in stools, or
black, tarry black, tarry
stools; or blood stools. Report
in urine these signs to the
-Fever, muscle physician or
or joint stiffness nursing staff
or pain immediately.
-Assess blood
 pressure (BP)
periodically and
compare to
normal values
-Be alert for signs
of increased
white blood cell
counts
(leukocytosis),
and report these
signs to the
physician or
nursing staff
immediately.

Route/ Nursing
Drug Frequency/ Indication Mechanisms Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Responsibilities/
Name Dosage of Action Effects Patient Teaching
Ibuprofen -PO -Most commonly -The exact -Aspirin allergy -Dizziness -Acute renal -Use drugs only as
-PRN used and mechanism of -Perioperative -Stomach failure suggested; avoid
-400mg prescribed action of pain in the setting and - overdose. -Take the
NSAID. It is a ibuprofen is of coronary artery abdominal Agranulocytosis drug with food or after
very common unknown. bypass graft pain -Aplastic meals if GI upset
over-the-counter However, (CABG) surgery -Heartburn anemia occurs. Do not exceed
medication ibuprofen is -Preterm infants -Constipation -Erythematous the prescribed
widely used as considered an with untreated -Nausea macular rashes dosage.
an analgesic, NSAID and thus proven or -Rash -Hemolytic -Avoid over-the-
anti-inflammatory it is a non- suspected -Ringing in anemia (with or counter drugs. Many
and antipyretic. selective infection; bleeding the ears without positive of these drugs contain
inhibitor of with active -Swelling direct similar medications,
cyclooxygenase intracranial (edema) antiglobulin test and serious
, which is an hemorrhage or GI -Fluid results) overdosage can
enzyme bleed; retention -Neutropenia occur.
involved in thrombocytopenia -Headache - -You may experience
prostaglandin , coagulation -Vomiting Thrombocytope these side effects:
(mediators of defects, proven or -Skin peeling nia (with or Nausea, GI upset,
pain and fever) necrotizing -Sun without rash) dyspepsia (take drugs
and enterocolitis, sensitivity -Toxic with food); diarrhea or
thromboxane significant renal (photosensiti epidermal constipation;
(stimulators of impairment, vity necrolysis drowsiness, dizziness,
blood clotting) congenital heart reactions) (Lyell vertigo, insomnia (use
synthesis via disease where syndrome) caution when driving
the arachidonic patency or the or operating
acid pathway PDA is necessary dangerous
for pulmonary or machinery).
systemic blood -Report sore throat,
flow fever, rash, itching,
weight gain, swelling
in ankles or fingers,
changes in vision,
black or tarry stools.

Drug Route/ Mechanisms of Side Nursing

Name Frequency/ Indication Action Contraindication Effects Adverse Effects Responsibilities/
 Dosage Patient Teaching
NPH -Subcutaneous -a medication -NPH insulin is an -Patients with -skin rash, -Hypoglycemia -Assess for
Insulin -At breakfast that treats isophane hypersensitivity itching, -Lipodystrophy contraindications
-16 units/mL diabetes. It suspension of reactions. - hives -Lipohypertrophy or cautions so
increases human insulin Patients may -swelling of -Local allergic that appropriate
levels of and is become the face, reaction monitoring and
insulin in your categorized as an hypersensitive to lips, tongue, -Hypokalemia dose adjustments
body to intermediate- insulin or throat -Muscle can be completed.
decrease your acting insulin. It formulation or -tremors or weakness -assess for
blood sugar. helps increase any of the drug shaking, - -Paresthesia symptoms of
This is an the cellular intake products. Allergic anxiety, - -Tremor hypoglycemia or
immediate- of glucose in the reactions to sweating, -Edema hyperglycemia
acting insulin. liver, adipose various allergens -cold or -Pain - monitor body
A healthcare tissue, and or additives such clammy skin -Itching weight over time
provider will skeletal muscles. as zinc, -confusion, - -Nausea -may cause
teach you how It acts as basal protamine, and dizziness, - -Hunger decreased
to inject this insulin and metal-cresol can rapid -Numbness of inorganic
medication stimulates the occur. The heartbeat mouth phosphates,
under your liver to promote patient may have -muscle potassium, and
skin. The hepatic glycogen pruritis, followed pain or magnesium
brand names synthesis, fatty by erythema and cramps -monitor blood
of this product acid metabolism rash all over the -unusual sugars every 6
are Humulin® for lipoprotein body. -Patients weakness hours, monitor
and Novolin® synthesis. In who have or fatigue A1C every 3-6
skeletal muscles, repeated -fast or months
it promotes episodes of irregular
glycogen and severe heartbeat
protein synthesis. hypoglycemia -
In adipose tissue, which can be life- constipation
it helps in threatening.
triglyceride
synthesis and
regulates lipolysis
by inhibiting
triglyceride
hydrolysis. At the
cellular level, it
makes the cell
membrane
permeable for
 ions such as
potassium,
magnesium, and
phosphorus and
increases their
cellular uptake.

Drug Route/ Indication Mechanisms Contraindication Side Effects Adverse Nursing

Name Frequency/ of Action Effects Responsibilities/
Dosage Patient Teaching

Insulin -Subcutaneous - used with a - Insulin lispro -During episodes -Weight gain, -Serious eye -Give maintenance
(Lispro) -100 units/mL proper diet is a rapid- of hypoglycemia -Swelling in symptoms doses subcutaneously,
and exercise acting insulin -In patients who your hands or such as rotating injection sites
program to analogue that are hypersensitive feet, sudden vision regularly to decrease
control high regulates the to insulin lispro or -Feeling short loss, blurred incidence of
blood sugar in metabolism of to any of the of breath, vision, tunnel lipodystrophy; give
people with glucose by excipients in -Headache, vision, eye regular insulin IV or IM
diabetes. binding to HUMALOG -Hunger, pain or in severe ketoacidosis
Controlling insulin -Sweating, swelling, or or diabetic coma.
high blood receptors. -Irritability, seeing halos -Obtain baseline and
sugar helps This action -Dizziness, around lights; periodic PFTs for
prevent stimulates -Fast heart -Serious patient using inhaled
kidney peripheral rate, heart insulin; carefully
damage, glucose -Feeling symptoms monitor glucose levels
blindness, uptake by the anxious or such as fast, when converting from
nerve skeletal shaky, irregular, or subcutaneous to
problems, muscle and -Leg cramps, pounding inhaled insulin
loss of limbs, fat and -Constipation, heartbeats; -Do not give insulin
and sexual inhibits -Irregular fluttering in injection concentrated
function hepatic heartbeats, your chest; IV; severe anaphylactic
problems. glucose -Fluttering in shortness of reactions can occur.
Proper control production, your chest, breath; and -Monitor urine or serum
of diabetes thus lowering -Increased sudden glucose levels
may also blood glucose thirst or dizziness, frequently to determine
lessen your levels. It also urination, lightheartedn effectiveness of drug
risk of a heart inhibits -Numbness or ess, or and dosage.
attack or proteolysis tingling passing out; -Avoid alcohol; serious
stroke.Insulin and lipolysis -Muscle -Severe reactions can occur.
lispro is a and enhances weakness or headache, -Report fever, sore
man-made the synthesis limp feeling confusion, throat, vomiting,
product that is of protein. slurred hypoglycemic or
similar to speech, arm hyperglycemic
human or leg reactions, rash.
insulin. It weakness,
replaces the trouble
insulin that walking, loss
your body of
would coordination,
normally feeling
make. Insulin unsteady,
lispro starts very stiff
working faster muscles, high
and lasts for a fever, profuse
shorter time sweating, or
than regular tremors.
insulin.