2

2T Te & x t+e o t a dardiko

Te of g Conce

As
CONTENTS
t r o dvci on
neeol fo gaksics
Tets
epras of Sanikco he
TyPes of Tes
Chi Sqvone te
cle e

eenence
TNTROoD UCTION
denesA od He SEie ce of

tabulang numericol
qnd
Comp:lt ng, clani Fa
mathe-
na
lata & t h e r tesdl
er Paesi ne
moH Co tap Co Forr

brranch StaisHCs
15:ostaist ics Hhe
he
COR facts 2 clata
wh m a n ein a
Concet ed
btolog co ewen.
e l o t ed

Need Foe StotisiCs

Selutt ov) he Prroblev

he Scie Pe

oP n Co h e nce anol arcoi ary ulgenen

SUcceels Ort Pailore of Spe0i fe
To det et mine
researrch Cnol evalw ate tta
e Qnol

Lo qram oLeton

hyPo h a u l s heoru e3
els Conv e n t

ae P ne ples
To e a l v ate belie cAllcd hache
Unpo Ven
Tests Signif: Conce
olone hou tertonte beteen
ei m oes
oFFerenk Sample de do
SamPu 9 Vauru ohon
ot not

code
Null Hypothes
Leve of Stgnt Can Ce
Degaee o fereelom
andorcd Einot

Noll_Hypo thes
teat oPetence in
tha thee
- aserts
C Ond he P aHon und e t
he
Smple Found
te olaPeence
Cond enaion and

ond arusesS
Sam plin
S aceolental

Vaiaon

nduc-ed +o And o w
a Suvly
OCCOrrrmencce
betw en ent
Coelauon
he
Protrwi o 1 Luckna-) Populaia
bi m oill an
hpo thess
cteo )
uil
bewee th to nd he
l e n on e
Sam Pl'g Vari a i o .
dloe

Lev P SniCance
level Ao h elps
Probab; li y
de ode OPon thammaa n hude o atep

aeecng e noll hyPo h ess

Valwe s Sma Han
Probao t y
hpo t h s teete,
Deg1ee o qoedom
n um b e t
mdePeunclclemd So ples
Hhe
PoPuleton

oleno ed n-1

Sancl ano Enort

oeviot on SAndShe
4he Stanol artol
ke c
ne m ean, Pro Porto
S-avodonoled tanelonel dooo
nort

VP
cheee
Pwporton o OCeu rence O an ewen

Sam l e

C1-P
n Sam ple ze

STE PS IN TESTING HPOTHESIS.

hypotheny foe the

OSote on o Ppro priate uil

roble
Col Cote H : Aable Stotis+te3

Detotnine the Frteaalom foc the Stadas

oecee
nd tte P Nalwe

o o hehs ejecheel P vme

,0S r oCCephco
 TYPES F TEST
Pacam etriC non P arta n e u c

do na
of +eA9 Tests thot
Serd
eg ne estin artgmetey equine texng
Parta m eter

man, ot vartiouHon. ol S4 ui butio

Stgned Ranr
Stuol ent's t e t wil Cofan
Te
Sum tet
One A NoVA u 2 Cox an
Lni

Tuwo way ANovA K r o s e a l ruwa Ilis

one

CornlH on Co efAont A NoVAA

egres'on on aly9
Fri eonm.an
ANo vA
Lank
Speart man s

C o m e l o t i o n

Chi Sqvane
est

CHISqUARE ) Tey

dwdw pe Pearsn
14
Hhe od. ote m cho ol ey
betweentO
olt fen eince
he S8ni Cance
Pro Portions
totms ottrei lowtes
m eoUt eo
o+a

ollo oe wen mbrte

Adw onta Co
hon two e be Com partéol
wo ps

Cad Cuoi on c E CO- F)"/o E

O= senvedl Fcegu en cu
ecol Fguen C
 Freedom ol. f)
findli e olegtee
he nVm o e O Columny
On
dependy
r na orble
e

Ccolomn -

1) Ccow-1)
2
Faeecom 1 , the
t o eg tee
O,0S
P o ba b;1tyH

84.
Yare s Cor ection.
CH Squate
oiaCete

Co m ensoHoN
4 requirteol fo
n He C-quane
ata
1 OF.
+le
mag nitvde

o b Solste
e d v ces e
by half
be onee
eoch Co-
Sqvarin Come P

e o l Ces
C h - S qvarte
Th

Foma

E
C 9qvau
eqirtao w n
Stg nFicane,
b o d er line

imi oki on,

f t enpeeked
give esd
4 than 5
ne
Ceu
eqen Cy an
c a S vch Cose ate's Coon e c F o n
necem ory
 The et te Pesence ClbS e n Ce oC
CUn
bet een egu en C
do es not measuru e of
asocictid

stungth
Wo es not noi cCate e Ceet
te
OCCort e n t e
Pobalo!ly
as o C o o y Chane

STUDENT T TEST
eyt
Sample
Uel +O +e hypo Hhey C a o s se t , w o a
,S

Th
ey degneo
ent
name oS S t u d
Pen Cante OF
ed to fid the &9 a
app i
ontton

oe een Po p
o f e n e n ce
Paired +et

On pa d et

ccandomy S e e ched,
C ruteru os
myt oe
The Sample
a totve,
be
The datg m follouo a
M Omed

a r t olble Popahon.
The
Motmok

tes
Shovlo
a-P1e

PAIRED T TEST
Part of
RAch
ve
hen

Obs eVoiovnS
fo H
ci f e en Ce
Totes

alwes
 Test Paoce olv rte
Null hypotheyts
GF et ence
each Set o

obsenvo o Cal clattol d *2

meaM olrFFeA en l e D 2 whane

Parr.
a nd
Standars ouon Fetence
F e ence one Cal ltro
Stauelarol e w of

Cal u d a t ed fom
Ter StattSHC

t SD
2d.F) Cn-1)
nd te ol egee reeslom

Walsee e
Cad C A o e o
. Compana
find he
oble alve forCn-4) d.f
Valse

Va ht g h e
Col Cdalel t
t vae He mea
S n iP Cant Vce-Vejs
or e en ce

eFer en C:
olontts tey
s C n t i als of Pobli heastt

obn peto
t ao olw ckory bto 8toatt As