Bacoandnesc

i) Conce p °
in he o tho stado)
in servICeS pinopn
unade qua

)Mainten ance ok
OveiT a ad ministra ive icieney
T
Indira Sah.one CL)
Backwand
ralated
+o kenala tate
The iseue
oas

n senv ice )
classes resertv at on ots o pesle
Ppotroe
acA A95

led to ud enfilu the

passed the a c b u t
The
and
aund the
Si thin thue
ba cfunnd closs
Creamy Jayn

act sas challeng ed

ho High Cout shoula

CouwT should
C o u r hatt h e
erradaa
h e 6uprteme
to udeni,
the cream ayen
ay e

at pon
tpon a commiHee d. be a
ohen o i s e + l
uohin thbac(uoasjd olacs

folatien o h prn ple o egud

b p a Reulair
Axicle I6CE) C non-obstonte dause)
to be a panicwaan regton
pRson
pos+
und er tha
can no+ be ehalle0ged
Commuu tu

prundple o

Arhiele Ic( 6)-C Addod thtough l03td a ct 2011)-

Sectton
Teseation C10/) lort uoeae Ceconomd aal)

menionad in clause apantkndm so/) o be cunnd

elasses
 Abelitien eL Otouehabilit,
Acticle 1
and
Lorbrdder so
s abolished
he prracthce
anr e
aecorcl anco
ut 1s punishable rcemd
sn out o
d e ast yani o r 5 0 ° / n or bett.)
)
s on mend
orth l a 6onth impru
n6s
Ontoucheblit
het
Coences )
Cl Rigr
haProtechon
tenamed a
Caterr on ac riqht
delned ony
Ac+ 19s s) Ci Rght
oasoo
aboHo0
aboli hon °o
O
person by o
ac e r u oa
aecto 9.to co
con shtutor
nstihutror.
cle I7 he
undert auti o
u t o u c h a bi lity
to take
glec
tin g
pubto servant
Ar puished
edor abetmant
CctnOn Can be

tha erume
SC-ST vention
(pra vetisn
SC-ST (pra
cund
cund
Arcticle 15(2)
Also prcohabHe d by
7 Also act is oten misuse
Thas D
ies
atreo ) Act 989

Appabalu Ingale CI3

rate o natafa 1

0 e p r t e v e n t e d R oO
mm e t c h i n g
he case
) Tha appellats
borte on
oater rom ly dug Cpublie) uoe
tounds wnfouehabilty

penalised oth 1 month

h TOS pondents

úmpruson men and ne

 tighfs v or
P e c p l a s union al
damocruic

hold
hald h t
That tha Jundo mursa gr
undo rundas
ceurt
case
tu and
I
fnn 4hs
this
aqins Pt
n diiduol
available
unden Arrticle I1

duty o the tate to take

consti tu fi onal
tic h
at -tste undamu ntal
enG u r u

necess

a n ot
oladed
rughts
rco

he scope o undomant o rs
Cidening borizontal
to
verti cal p p l i c a f i o n -ony stade

and state)
pplhcahion
pvt

AbotiHon o TIHes
r c le 18

Hes on any bod

state to conerr
18C) Preohi bHs the
cizen C exceptmlitarqnd
cithzen oir

Oha thar a
a cadamic Hes

prchubits a cihzen o ndiarcorm cccep°

8(2
State
AHe r r em
Lorai n
1SC3) prrovI des th a Oraignan holding any

h stae canno accept

trus+ undert
prreit cr

any He rtom State Sthout the

the
anu
6rag
Consen t h a Prasident nda
13(u)--provides ex
p hat pet son beldi

stale
shall aceop
ct tust unde
9adia OA
rteent
oitheut he CoDSent

" ind
nd
prOsenF molu mert
o ee
o under h Orteiqn state

>Bala Kaghavcun harad Ratna et

Bhusan adma vibhuk an
Padma

iHe ort no
nottiHes as
a s thev
thy
ao
hud
h d thad hhy
C6wt
xcel n certtelo
pens os ho
Cr gttanted

elds endve a d iLS

RHe C Th o t sho
C Canno be used as a

hat thuu
Sure
mAasuru s t maY e
tae adequate
hule ao ndinq these
erpancies

ncra Jsingh Onion ondia

Senior Advocate amount
tha ueoqnutton
thun
he
e
+ is c o gnLtr on
The coust eld th at

dis fin ction thaun He

ond
I1GI
L he Advoccdes tet
ection 1 O to
guliisaLicn s and cruteni

atadn
advocac Cspecial {noolad ge)
 contrns
Arcticle 8 Thr au o
statuto ry prrouisier
Droobac
ode
ectu ote
to ellectu
th Lundomentad ughk under ornticle I

Aniele t Peeotection o Cerctasn

hds qandin

etc Avalable only to Citizens

kuedem SP
speech

puts rustruction Ctu asonable

non ob stante clause)
-
a

1(2) -

a bal ance betuoeen undamental

On 1aC)a)o stcike

Ree doms
and publie wellare

The tuoo conditions hat shall be sats

od qP"3
ustri etions

i ) Tha striction must be r a paxhcud a ppee

ment6ra d n the clause perrmitting imposificn othe

ustrction that
on
particulau ru
ii he stucthon shall be C rason able tu strucon
Caasonable is a Subecive tertm)

COCa rAdom c Speech and

g h t to
ex

ras dom
rsdorm speech includas d o n Publicafisn)

also be
Tha udeas and thoughts othan s can

prussecd Candom opruss

 LR dom o speech and exprossion moans ha u h t to
Ony C orn
deas etc
exprasS ons oon or othens

ntaho
cable madiun or
by vickual opruse
o L
Fresdom o rtogs and publicahon ohich Xeade
P
dea s a part obaacom SP
Fepafon
and xprress

7 Basis o rstructions anderr Aricle 19(2)

and uteg rut

)Soveieelt
)Seca ° h stadte

Frend ralatons oithoen states

) Pubie oroler
) ecency ctn moralh

Sn elaion contempt O cowt

Gi) Delamaton

Emmanue tae C enala

fuble i s

() Thee was a crcula

rom ha duructo r
directo en
Stte to spect and Sing hu nationalanttum
n sehools

3 studenks ho belonged+oJehovch sect

Gi) th
stood up but fAnet Sins th
respecl anthem Could

nonc Since hey believed thy

Prrais e
h
0nty
 thon ho
the Keraba High coun
expeled aund,
h e scheol
thon pelsion
validal d
that the fa ht to ramain Clen
cilenk uoas
toas
held
The SC
and dud not comm

undon la( Ca) thay

wndon Praven ion o Insuit to
ence
CPruscrubes hoot
Naiona Honouss Act 17i)

e s pect naton honowis )

Sndia v Bhanat (um a n

Commuwwst
pan
and othans

boldne
edina
strites
strites C bandh)
Bandh)
thcd
cowt
hald
The
he
d) unden the pufe o (C)a
cannot be validateoL

CauseS nattoncul Aoss.

becuSe

NS MG N a pwL

Radhe
Dot a undamendal righf wden
Tha ght o ste us

uncler 1b tef, 1947

a Stautor ugnt
14 ( houoever

Naveen
inda gca se)
hone
and hoist n

ha uqA to [ly
n 4his Case
ha SC
Uuspeet and
pont anffele
la q oih

1C)CR)
 ighd to inpermofen/nou an amportant o*

Aiele lacDta))
Denocrehe rnm
Associathon
Uot NS
ofecfonal
olectonal dats.
candidate.
candi
hud that
cas the Cow
n this tru m
should disclose 4hin ante cedo ns mcluding
neludn
4har ru
hur

Pas

Aet nad ttorn

Accceding to Keprusentatisn oL Peoples
to disclose 4hur Income pro perches etc

0oL
ot civd berfies
vs

Yeoples wion
to raasenable
hel tha RTI is subect
Tu Sc Yn tha intertost ot
irterust on
pertmiseible
Sis
r t cions
rolations uth
Security he stade ruendly D U

o esgafton oCu me
Stades Pblic sal

SGene Jiscovenieset

C Right to pubh cotton J

tate o Delh
bruj Bhuscn
caled h
ralated to an englich oeehy
- Tha ssue wa.s

Delh
Orqase bo sed in
an
onlenn h
T Comwsonm h - delhs1ssuec

Secfien EoPunab ele

actIa49.

Loat issued to the publichen theet

den
ert
subit topf rlated psler
Supposed
to
oe
Commundl Meutfe
pno-scru hny

con b
Such
Such p r e - c e nsonshup
hdd tha no

Tha unt
cound
umpose Nfs,oeey ete
o moses
moies - -

(( k Abbos vOcr
OCT)
CThr
can be priott Censh P
can Seer motion in greate
Thamo tion
pictwus

than
m a n n e t
prunt madia)

undere Aeticles 19 C) Ca)C) and C)

Protest-Falls
Righ+
Peple act as
mportant becase

Protest S uohathor
actions and
obserr ve rS
Oveenmant
al
Arhele 19 alsoprovides h
the
ha people
accepable
SICA) -pnovides th dyto. cwb
TeS tuchi on s tiH cte lence
^hakean a h protest cage

The cou hal ol h ctf hae i s a rug ht peace

9overtnme heweve
Prrotes F -the c e tons u
a g ainst o
aces anno+ be occupie
ort rn
public base and

n dnute peruod

vs Home Sec tatcuy

R Leela Maid cun ncidsat N

Anna Hazaes protest againg + conuptio a me

cunda meadal
sda
vugnt to
2ns have c
7ha Cowt halo ha
legtet
assemble and protes+ peaceuy Cuns the
onekec«hve t on
 rsiedon
here sheuldbeabal ance behote fn ioga
alse Lu ght to t otes t
ho tr
terrste,
Axiele d ) - hrrcuhout
moveri
Sndia

CRestri ehons underc Ari ole 11 (5) theunteresho

e nenal public Ort pretectron o Irdeues
ha ird erses
sah dulc d tru be)

Caru

Rule 418- c n dhra rd desh Moto Vahicle rules 6Y

n this case ha pettionen challenged Hat oearinq a

hama ús ah un ruasonable rastrietfon on the rudom

move rly prscrubed undlaq qq -A

h e court hald hot + oas aa rasonable

in thu eusHs o qeuaal publie to ensone

S
Andicle 1(Ce) - to raside
and sette
un any partterik.
o 9ndio CSame rtastriofiong as CDCo) pru se
undert Archiele 19 (5) )

br ahim czic v take omboy

om
7 Jha sSue o s ralated +o Sectionl o Slu
tta
ton
statute uoas fo prevet immig
ha Om he

Pistoh
2 Seetion 7 stated hac thaJndfon ovt can daport

nson cluding dn o olien cion oho has

Comm t e d an ol|ense under h a c t

gbraham Vazruoas
Nozit a ndan ciizen Lohe ant ead
Pruserubed underhe
g n d l a o i th o u permi+ as
perem

Starute and the o rndeud todapptt n back

ohi'eh uDaS ch aulleogeo\
*s pakisten

thothes a s sas on ableresthicthHon

cowt haRd raside
he undauntalr a h
cdHzen +
upon e nD
hs omaland and thau
sette ún
and
enten has oon çoutn
e n to
o to
rcol,essIo0

Anticle 14 CD to praettSe
to pa.cti se P

ade or busin ess

oceupation
CaUUY On
e9 (
undee Article G ) - t h e nteeste
CRestrietion a
qenacl publi c

techniqd 9, cahon
CprleceYonal
o

ohettn to the
ca Cauuuing t n a l e ort
busin ecs

oohe oisee 9g
thun uois
exelusion
cr Hzens puti ally o

tha nterast enena puble)

Ciit) Sn
DehMicipaliComn:he@
a d a n ingh A acipa No u
Cavy ouf ade
u end Tostniched

The HokenS
Conponaton
thethe unicipa
he COwLr uled thay have a undamartal xaht to
hat
road Cnot ont
trade On th Ps smeaks o the

J hay UT moved tomhur place, e n

ta
O,
c th oruttes
Place shouldbe idatfeo by hu
tade.
cothau thay CO cotin to

oth
O u
and
Axhele q CHE) - to assem ble pea ceably

aur ms C resticho ns qi ven unde 19

a ssembl
u
ecton 14 he gPC -
denes unlau

b nvoling 5 or more peiso NS

be comes unlodul
pert s o n S
The a9Sembl ot Mot

he eom on obectve

lega preo
cess
) esis tiog he exe cuhon a

G) Mischiep Cminad Trspass

Git) Posseas ion a prope ore

to do an lleq act or Lorcin

Compeling
not to do he leqe

)Crumunal on Public Servaut ete

order hen the

Tho moment aLects peace, public
a ss embly be dpose d
 James Marin
' ale o
(enada.
cunning a mul ohich 0a9 degtroyed
ho pehho0 ert was

be
cause o he acttongs
politicad pa durng
bandh

9t ceunt a d to dasteuchon propertH dung Bandlh

oeruo s e
LOud be call ed as on l a u assem bly

tale Loqu Ayy appun

un a vour o LTLE
An assembly uoas called to hold a mating

cat be graote
, pemissiOn
For a prohibited otganISatio0

a mOttndq.
o conducting

d uu onS
Artiele 19 C)Cc) O m
associatons on

CRestictione gven unde

Ott co Opertat ve societies

1 )

based on
estructions au

an &
Soveraigu (
i) Moralit
it) fublie Onde
matens
h e acs ocia tion shall have apermanttelahon ship on

have ao
have
petmaret

common concetn h sho udd

Qndcommor obectie
 asso a e n
a l s o includes net fo orm ot "
0k A Nair
staBe +o mcdily he
congution alleuos
A ticle B3 L ha
aRmed
armed
beloningto
tughts ot percseng
kundamantal
SetvicoS
Serrvi ce tules
ond
ove tned under CIN
They ae
do
oithin ho pervieo o tttiele 13
not come
associ
assoei afions
ations
ha ought fo 1orm
foorm
do not have
7 hey
or uriens
E X Joseph
Ok Ghosh
Central Ciil envices
senvicas
43 o Central Civi
uOas ralateod 4o Rule
sue
Rules, 1955
CContract ) ort o
9/ ant not to on
Serv
tequrad 9OveNmeNT
as amemn ben (
to continue a ssoci atton
conditions
olleoing
so He
Iven
the overnment has orthdr auon toCOqnoton 9
(1)
association
ognitionate rr six*
aovernme nt has no qIven
) he
months o ts ormation
and not or a pa ticul
+s veny 2eneta n natune
9C), it doesn't+ amount to a
Peose und e r Artiele
so
TLQ ason able
rostruction)
 KArhele 19CDa) Cconhnud)
tad Andho Prodesn
Onirush n

Kuled hat s i ablishmen+ oL educottonal reteetta

was
0
be conside ned as COnmereial ac tit
cant
nstftufion s
bu sine
as
ttte
t oade
de Ot
o t gine sS
conSide tod
Can+
be

B K Fnterprises
v
State ootar Yrad esh
uoa s related D lottet4 business he state
The issue
the soale otherr states lottery ohich
oOP allouoed o

as challenged

Extra Ccm
Commer
he lottery busine s6-is con side red cs-Res

Cium Chinq outside commerce )

Jo aloo et
0ven ment has he pooer
The State ot

ban oher state lotterues

x ce Wear

based in Bombay Reyoe re

The Uerre a e stened company
in voled inhe producthon b Aatments oc he pwpose ol

export Tho com as kacing a lcet o Tesues du to

esues
abou problems ay appreached the govetnment in ordet

dented
close doon h
comp any
he state gove Knmeot
percmisSion
On he basis ol public unterest Thoy aPproachecl

tha court to be allowed to shut doon

menmum OmQ es
Ohen a cOm pany is unable to pay h
to the abo urans, t can be shut do on
neneSt
Thtae a°vt
On bo sis o Publie
Arhcle does not
1CDcq) -
Tu ruqht 1C a * te

Tught to start a bu gineS without he Peremiaon o h 9veR ,

men Pa«icular ploce )

7hokhi Ahmed V Lu dhi Municipal Corporotion

He oanted to open a meat shop at a barhcuwar place AA
particudat place

icense a s nece ss a he mun cipalih aS qu uiud b

tom
lawe
oL he murueipaliku
to s t a t a
maot sho p at h a
n+ hem
Munapaty did p
eremut

hus undon thutiele 11C1Dc

aruthculat place hoh challen qed
was valid
he courct hud hat the decieion t h e nunicipaluty

T h e e oere 5 me at shops un that+ Jocalih and the court

neld that no person has he iqhd to choose ' a pazticadar

Spot
orr staring their buiness)

Manohar lo tate funab

7Shop establishment act+ makes mandatory orr the shop o0nens

to udenf one day un a oeek as closed the day

or

is oos chalenged stafin q hot s olatiwe Anhele

The courct tuld that ut wasn iolative o Arfiele 1 C)Ca)

based on the rOunds ok Social uoellat
 v. Nathmal
taie Kajas han
ouonerts
he qroury Shop
Suleman Muyht ee tale o dost Beng
Oest Benqal Heat semi
alated o feation 9 Modjc al
ol
The iasue oas Modje
unto Oes Bo
Bor
Wost
Act1990 Doctons ho ana p r r o h o

be prehibiied rom
pruvate
P
edueatien sil Arhele Th
Th

un
u nddt
Arhele 1C) Cq)
1C)Cq
usas challenge d hile 1dnG)
Te Seehon
count hald hat
not Solative o
el puhlie
deruste er o enan
oK h orin privoade
pruvade
allooec
fo uoorin
CunKsasenable
estkicfon

hospitals D
Associaton
O
Jecunatien v T
7 S MJ 4 enala Narune

Sect o n 4
to
Tha ússus was rlded
This prrovisio n
P r c ov i s t o a

19R0.
raglaHion Act,
Fishing tTEQLolinq duno
botom th
m o n s o o n

POu6ted

Niolativee
Codendsd ++ oas
ss
Tho boat

Atile 1 CDCq)
vald on grounds o5oe
naSection oas hud
also a braading season oiches
shauman 9 t is

Calcutta N Cadcuto ramuooy s Compcuny

7 Corpor ation o
authoru ty
hald h a t ohun
an
tha courd
in ttus eace

us ve wncontrolled arbitrauy dusCrettonuty powens

us
qve
to auihon ssuicenge to ruun oa bugine.cS

uothout apte viSIOnort challenging + challe a couso e

 1S unRasonable in natuu and viola tio
o A«icle 1C
Axhicle 20 Pectechon in wspect ck cenyiehon o lene es

CRights oL Accussed person)

auo
20C) Cprotecehon aqainst Qx-pos acto

201) C protechon aqaine+ deuble 1 a

aton
2o() Cprotection agtnst sell- in
20(3)- cruminaton )

and
to
T u m a n a l t r r a n s a c t h o n

hthele 20() Only applicable

sense
notin atros pective
o
ocomMmiSSion
attta date
a n a c t is not an olence

be an ence 9n the uutune subse quon

TF cannot

CoMMission

protechion,
tuoo t p e s
Arhel 20() es you

e euminal Xigbil
rtraspective umpositron
it prrohibts
and t alsoprohibts ratrcospectiveenh ancemad
cuman c Qiabli
o

adar Nah v taBe oL 109s+ Bengal.

1V7.

? A penst commutfed an okhence, un pravenhdo

q47 and ud as push able by
COupton act
or both
ment1in
m pruson act
a c t ie
i.e W.B
B
anothu
hs act uoas amun ded frouqh
CrumineU Lau (amend matact q9
T h nud act, providad ha a ineeqwvalor oho
amout Prtocuto.d 4hough corup fion choudd be P

hlong oth he nahal in

amoununde
tha additiona
He cannot be made to payy

athcle 20()
crümina act
Cou can,be ven the bene o a

Punus
shmun
beneitt ünterprat cution
tooduces the pun shmant
i hhe
a

Ratan dal tate ol Punjob

and true
tied
boytraspasse d indto a
house and
A 16 yecut old

tD outrtaqe tha modesty ok 1a eld

im pruson mer
gotous
He Oas Senten ce d monthS ok

Cassociated th haxd Yabour)

enacfed
2#terheudgemot an
otu aot os
19S6 ohich Povdad

enden dan
Probation s at

shoulol not be
not be
21
ha a penso n ge belo

ordi na senten ced 6rumprus onman

D
0o rden Shoul be
Tha c o t hld a o
&e ne enactm
passe d ain nlo CLccocu

aS well
 AHcle 2o(2) a person canno-t be punishsd o poso uod none
be en
onceerihe
Same oLLence
he s arne has *
han
30
o CPC
undert Sec tion

CBased on he concept Coic

Autr® Jove Cohic

The double jeopan can be estoblishud -ha P 0n

Convictad he phtosecutjon.

C Not applicable to Autraloi Acgt)

CAuteeLois -Formerly)
eadem)
eadem
u a ef
(Nemo Debet bis Vexare Pr
Maxim
Maxim toie e ort
punished
No one iSs o u g h t t o b e P
Meannq
he Same ence
vexed oiee or f

applicaoaoArthicle
20(2)
condihens o the
The essential

be accused
The must
) perrson
in acout or

muet have taen pace

place
he prose cuthon
udicia buna
punished
have been Prrosecuted and,
mus+
pson
pes on

Prtocee dir
nha pevious
0
a ass
O ohich he
be ha Same o r wich
) The lence must
oceeds
d puished i PTevrous pt
an
Prosecuted

Quast-Judicial bodes baced on

speciic
Tbunals ar
Purpose -ttom spece tatutes