CTBKT

Chemic a SLi rium

in hich bof th
Chemi cal e briun i4 hSate

tions wk ch
centrafions
Con cent-ra
wch
ae poeçen inCon
Oiactanh R Pauduc+s
eme So tha
tema,
that

have no h desdent yn to Change

th

slem.
he
oLCeavable opetes 8
Hhere i no ohanp
in in

amicad
cadequilsbi m aefert h the S4ate f a Sgster
n O ch the con t radant a 4 Con the
pduc ts don4 ghange with ime & Sstem doesn
chispa a J he Chara in propi9et
R
ate f Rn
ehange in Con eaCHant o
padut
h
untd me i Calleddhe ate fT*).
Pe

e visshle R
he ehemi taf XD ìn h i c h the prvdu cts
Can also Deac4 wrth one, anothan undu
hu. seacti ong
Cen dition4 to paro dute bact the Oviginelsoau
Suitab
gRCHns
Knon
as O v e r Scble
 Con Vovded Dee
into nwhicAite pasae be re Lle
Can

otacfand ae kron ai
roevirSi Tn

n an
2
b Harted
om lath Sicde
The never
neve Cemk4e
These rox ha a erdeneth ttend
ttend SSete
equi9:briun
Cx
()CH CCoH + NaCH CHCooNa+ HO
1N? 32 2NHaa
Y)
2
pcls pdt (1)

t i 3fe +
44, fe,o,+
feO,+41
3 ersible Rxn 2
hexA itakith Clemica ox in ohich
Jh
h v d ete Ammed do not macd
aman gcd 4ume
t ppzdute dhe oioina e a c t a t t a e Emsn
a adions

he oxn in ohich pabduct Cannot be e

(orve te
bac in to rDea(tart a knadn a iever siLle n

Can Case t Completion.

p r v e ed in an dction { unidrectiomk
)
Thuge SAn t e e l on tordoi d diaectien, Bachis
rox n thue Caes a* not possible

Ex :inla 0H+ +cl .

Nar + H,o gne, +NeetAate

Bacs1 t H2 So4 Basoy -+ 2Hc?
id)Zns) + dl.h $o Z SOkat) + Hax
 Ca
RYC Cax &auli brium
uui osi um 1n
t Cfak f a systen
Rd.fmo a
nich Popees do nd ehange coith me.
whn a s c ble x i Cara i d otd na

hen rate
oce d' vessel a staga is rached
batkasorT KO,

his ctas is called as Chemica euilbriuin,

.
phsa Sailbaim
The euilibriu. wit Oeea en te to char
charg

inphyeical state ia cale) phynita ulAbium

eature chem?ca 29u1Likram
Ovached n n o,I Hha
galibium
wm Statt
out a oted Vesgek
i ar7ed
po Ce <s
Egibrium stafe con be apprvach rom bath
Side kriun ConConation oaa cdont andta
ame

2uibiun- i nd elfeted b anj caiale

hekps to appruaeh t h e q 0
m

Change i preEtlure temparatne *2 Con Centrafon

wowrs

scu enperature R, Centonteatio

Chapje
aveirs
One
the6 (fovwo- aekue)
amddthus
shift ha eguilibium in One dioretior
eauiAGin G=o
A A
2 2Hy
 pes Chemi Cal auiiboium
+ to hpes, honogenous & heteroen ous
) fome qenas eqalilnium
Hu eactamks amd sbdutts am in
Sae
Pphae,hen the euXi brium knoon a
homoeno eNulibrium.
us

4miyture gao 0
is miséible uidi ived rise
re o equiyi bim.

ay CHacoo H+ CH,O CitooCHsat H,OAy

b) eteo gemo ud euuki brui
When the Deactat s and pobdutts aTe in
erend hase, He equii boium i4 Koocn a thi
hetenegenos eauilenum.
e ci ) Ca tOs) CaO) + CO)
cii) 2 CuOcty 2ust Os
. NHyHE NHo) tHis
hem Ccl Em_n ae
Consil avcile Ban -Ate
Wun a xn ctd
es StoPpe d appearaams i+
bu+ the Caulibrid
c tuall hes no+
on P
Stopped,ipadce ed s Rae
n beth dimecthons. s Hh Rn
equ Backwad aan
SpeeddThic stale is Enoon
24ii bium state.
 chenmic a eaibriun also be (S
nda a StaE a hich dhe ateg afhe
SPpoSin ame Same & ha
oncentvatio3 af he coactats
Hats
ce noB Cha Oea ne sbducs
becs
CumicaY e areon, it Con be Calred
iium admamic
a May Acton
Jn 1864 two Noouegian Chenni ss Guldbexg
caa Su83 esded. e uaatin s Rationghip betaen

ates S rox he con -hTactina 3 peci es

is knousn as Las sf mas ac tion

u s elatim ship

Staiemot
Ldhi Ch +h, Sbgdame is
The
C
ate

oppentional
to s a4 a ivé adAnant
masmes
irsee4 Chemical ok i rsopertional to
ate af
hance h e Concent2aton
rseaCHant SPeci es
C.+ o no a
pos du
a ven temperqture

, us considen a o*
> produCt
AtD
Rate
Ratr e R
Ratt K , KLA J y e k Rat corsfa
u Considur anothR PX»
anothe

Paoduct
2 A + 2

ats oher Pate conHana

 Prugucdt
Rate
k AT1)'Te] aliedn as "

mas ac on iS The
ate diree faoperrtiona tthe
u t t sf maar Con C. oeacham Spe tias R
each Tai s é to he poer e9ualto its
Co-e iem s
epresenE) b a balaned Chamicay
2uatkvn a a uen tem perature

eonsid x
A Pavducts

a tes n , 7
K

k = popettornayih Constant Ov rak ConsBad

hune
trpkSc fion Las mask acfion :
SmpYe r e r S c b l e roxn
Considex

mtnB C+D

Poducde cy
am he ho.
ho. mokes faf Pdud
moXes eD
he P 2
espe cSn
.)a be he ater f foaas ad
 and ate re f
batcwa Gxn
2 ka bt
Bit th
eiiliun poinf the sate
affo ard a n
ilbe eu al b orle 5
backar X . 2 -T
Etin eaO oe
ge4
6 k

( Chemica SquAm
known a
Ke k/kis a constait
e i L #L s u m ConsAat

iorien ConsHent in tevms aPari raue

When al Oactant and
obOud s n
sko
i gastos form,t h e i ConC a e
Pebperional
their pantial Pessurg

ntB C+D

a a s e o ws State

t h e Con A, B, C. RD ase

partiaX rae SSure,

pazpo-4ionePto he
PaBste Pp sespecti
 a of MaM a
c1on,t, PeCP)
COlur, K Pa)CP)
is Hhe equiyibiun Conetadin Jesin sf pandi
pandiaf
P e ssure

Equ brium Cenigt

in moke an Kx)D
fracton
the con ofroea ctant prsou ct ae taten
ter moXe raction, eguyihrimcoo shand k can
be pese nted au

m+D
Xe. XD
A Ke
e n XA XX
Xe, X, ,

oSpecnvil ane
moke
moxe
traa c4tion
ction afA,c.2
of
A,ec
latzonchip BehoenKp,Ke & Kx
Relatios ip betueen Kpke
Ltus (h side a cotakesa ce in a

Vessel hevin vouma(V Qitr

Ac)ty Br mCytDa
t aumed ha heoeaetan
i Spe es
e ideela
fidea Pv nRT
P RT wheme C MOAarcon
 PA CRT A]RT
Pe CeRT B]RT
Pe CeRT tjET
Po
CoRT - eT
for the ox°
Kp ePe)".
Kp CRT E)RT
STAJ.SCe) 2
Fo Hh
Ke

KP Ke.(PT)4
Anmt)-atT) oeaetant
n.f meke poduet -No. mdle

ci) 14 An 0 , Kp
=
Ke

i) An tve, Kp >Ke
cin) An-ve, KKe
Exane

p KcRT), An =o
-)KP = Ke
(2) N 3H2
2
Ke@T
n 2-1 2

p SeT)*2
) KpK
C3) pc9
Pc +C 2
K - KRT)A
An 2 =
KPkeceT) -Kp Kc:PT
KP Ke
 e - hadis

echaeieie v a rer
l a h Chip beoen Chemis)an
e
ConPossume amd emp eraure
eTththe SAate he
Sgstemn enui oium,
tetemtn
1
a Soslemat emiXibmum ns Subjected to
a Cmar
se in
Concentbetrm aesur GY
en oukibrium Shiffs tn thedrtion tempeaturr
s a( (tion which terals to, undlo o educe
efect & Change. duCe t
 m
-2
tate ha (13
S km is
Sulojocted
a

to
chemicalTK in
1d
P Ssure change copeentrato
Shf4 in
tempenoture hen +he equtibrium
th diavction nas ends to
effeuo Change" redue
hanae Ce
Ateoboing t thi4 priotipia Small Qmounf
oactan are addid at euY brum, hen Hhe
hf tocden
Le w taue xbetueen tydnaenCH.) &1»lin
a
cRosed vese
ateq: brium
H2+T 2HT

Ke HT72
mayarmalor ton 4 ineage hen a part s
H eact with 1, to gi HT, thusH vake
Ke e m a i n Conshant
On On he oher hand 14 Con HT incmeacee a
euiLbsium thenfhe eauuXibium shi tousds
eaCkant Side

(i) n Cvease m Con Centre thon Fororrd Dea Chon

Ractan+

ii) nCrrae m Concerntrition' acsr seatha

pvuet

2 ect f: Chab.e Poe tsure

When the no.af malk eackan4 side tg hMe
han
oo.sfmake poout deat eanilibmun
he n erea} pror sune foruar*d kn.n
avouy for w ar
 N gy+3H 2NHha 14
h increa3* oAiLicm tow
resunr shif
t K favour fh smation f pavduct dhotifn
Lahen fu o0fmea oacdand ide 4 as4L eu
no.6 meXes
prosducs i d as equXbaicm e
Tncoraße t
oe sSur e avour back sano Teaio
Ex H4)+ Ig)
()ncease in
2HTa
24Ia
eure eqikibaium
Shifts tocooelk Srde éondalni
C17) Deceay in es no. modecuDe
Þoegunne euikieum
Side
Shiftsbwosds Containin mez
C)
Owhen the no.
he
n0 make eule
moe st
o sea
e a tet ant
ant
len h no.af moX
an Sde
Sid. ia
epalto
ealto&
Hhen CnCseaje in Pooduct de at
Tooes ture. Aavou eauli lium
baJar o K.
N2Ou 2NO a)
cc ehone of temp enafioe
a n exettenmic x n , at 2quNi bnum de
empersatruoe Shi the equili briam
caease in

md in
avoum ond xn.
toaords oiaht
On Hhe Otar hand
a Crea in

backoard x»
Hurretemper4ur.
avour
)ln eOoturmit
em, shitt a
KO
equiyiboiun
b, de crag i,
in favour baksar toyorde Qet1 and
e or
On cthn hand incwease n temp ehif# he

esoDS ght X i
favour rcsokd axn

Ex -aHT Hzt T AH-veexothermic)

4fec Cadaugs
Jh addifion sfa Catelyss craes
o o ha te s
Teaetion p to he 2quili baiu. hus Catalgss
hau
haue effec at catalegss
no
the State
eqibomum
tion e e -Chatejer pincipY
)Yanuta ctuae ammonia
(Habe% povcess)
mmonia ts
manefactued b mi ting
miinh9 11meke
moe
3
N2aid maKes 2 at 5oo'c & 00-900 atm
poe n
sure
e sen te in diided in
Talelt.
ebebes catak-gs naon ai
higla poous
ion Cond aining mal amounds af Fal daided
pTomoteas
mo bdenum oT
Ode si aluninim wualr
NL Soo
3H2 20D m4 2NHa AH =-92kT
Fos his ke 4,3
Change Con
Efec
N2 67 H botth
inCreagin h e Con ef
r

Shitt toisorid more amon?a i

equlibrum
th
hhe
euiLiliumhsf a n arection
Hence
 Cn 6 H. NH incareaje s
inreaing -He moka
or N, or
Sfc Change o
both (16
oess ue
n dhi Cage
sea e Coxe no. fme f oeacta)
han (>) ) no. &
eS wre
moX f pavduet So incCT
So i o c r a a j e

Shi+ h cquitkmum tososos riaht

moeAmmonta will
in forwas direction form, HeoeeRquiLikrium Shif
fec4 of chapge tempenaiuse
Snce h oea cion s
enolhemie, cecseage
in temp.
fhilf he equisia oevero ds ighy
R
amonia oi
oam.
Sh in forwarss earection. nce eailibium
aoma tion fH pgen aide HT)
l n h a l ta) x Tocin T,) oad in e ct

vsel
Vesel a 4 so to Aos Hydogen odide
2 4 , AH +Ve
Ht
Ke
'Sec Chan Contentreadon
Incoeas in molar tont
2@, g both, then
he 04 nilbRum
ne hif*tpui i S and nmore
hyd2
Todide si to keep thu valu
Kednain Constant
Hente eak nun shift in toreand,
Diction
per
fiec f Change tboe
poe gure
hure
m his no. mo t
Case racHa
od
To.modsf proouct, So i'ncreay
ocrease in e SSuume does nof Chanae &f eueyibaum,

) ect o Chepe f Temperartne

inczease in
)Snce the roxn s endonermic, and
towoids g h d
Hemp era ure shiftAh equibiun
odide twill forn. fonee RuiVibic
morHydegen
mor
shid in

sseciatin Pcl
Pcl
C Sfect af change Cenre rlaalron
Incmau i ton onfck dheothe 2fuiyibaiu
S'hift toaroras os mo pcXs 8 Co
forunddine ction.
Hene equ'Xibiun shif4 i
charge povssuws
Cai Gleet s
his ease no.S moles seactat i slos
moy s So ecarase
tnanCK)no. Prbduct in

peSSume Shi4
n29uiXi bum toortdsaisht
mo p cl2 & cl, lo. Hence e bum Shi in
- o w a r d dvoethon.

C'harge temp,-
eDoothermic
is
Chsnge Sinceh o*
SAAa} enikibium oaoaDs
nCmase
in
temp, ehift dhx
ht and
aht am d move (z2 willForm, Hence e i a
pclg 2

+ or Dae Diection.