BM

Dola lchor
Methods oDala& -Cima&Secorcho cdoto Saxinm)
bimos dsta Sancos iThe ime dbco be Collecled k osing

OuontiH athe cads 6 tulitalivc trelts 9 a CollecHion

e y i s he mo P ku elteed aomtitahive mdtesl A
ithe eitod
Colectin q qonitctive infermction abaut um in
a lquetic

QualtatiVe mdthod g data Goltection -

Qaitctive etods q data Collection ircluo osewolion fotm rup z
Stroctorc d and tuoved itenhecos etc."Te mettods do rot Ue
lexiblc d
Urionaircb.the Emphasis eccecch ave a
methodb is to
onturtoNcd Qppach while Calactirg coa

Dcta CollacHonMethods

Saencdoy dald

blicotiana eb lkject data

Sumb Irtoviecos chsottiond lisect
Sto Yeport mining
byTelethonic
C Ml
d EechanicHedia

oonally Parinistated &orvey Shuckove d intonico

c b e d qostions Ocu rally Qkes the Teeavchesd
totervieca. In ttis metod, Ettto the qustannods is ordle d ol
toeaol. and takcn boctk Cepletionhtte roperdent 3 eshe
ts aked the qostion onally Kopoes au oled daa)
&thc bhe
intoviecce.
b Teehonic. one Hoy o ttmo t i srst buible o eoally

Condotr SWey Eoch Conit io The Sample.The droohrck is oVe Come

Cerckcting aekphoricoruey this tpe 3 Sorvc ethod the
dta id Celleced ttwauyhlcteptoric inlerection. The qrstia au oke d OVet
C oeional Calles and te Teponen caoled cbo tte
Collen
C MaR orWey
THo mhod s uod wheo itto the Csptrcent au
Orahial dispeved ond to t o coll o the cetaikd
Evtervivc to he.
Sorvey is
Cendrted on phone. In &ome CaCD pecially in the
Toral oucas
heclephores may ot hetheu. Jo Sxh Coc The
Oesthornaire mailedto the
abut i veponeerb arnd the dotai le d Istuios
p the
he ma questionnairc, and Sending
uplainecl t bock u
This is atto ted a
tD

Teponcart Sel-
has to adminttrcrledovey. Th
Vdumooily in the Opesthionraire
he reoocho
Theostoo estionraire ond Send ititack
batk *o ad
dy ney Osina
osko 'sd yte voxoche
Eecronic Hedia
to

The Se
dwed Carlio Con also e
odministrate d Sunees
roimim
rcoch astticoboly
Setthvough Elecbonic Hediaa.This qives
houa this Hadia an lacation nhe qlote Con be cched
Elcchronic Hail ond nterd u
Commen in most
Voch
athe onties."The lCT
is
irtrcasing t
xponetial vate. "This
tormat q doa Colletion i
EHicie ond
CostEchive Conpoed to the otho
Oostionraire Settp Elechronic wecdia in a oratiThe
k
*E serolinq a decctmst e
Ccai ning the qpesthons hoah the
-mail
Sotices
-* Osing on-lie
Usina Soney NC and
mokinq on nire
the link vey, ord Seraing
qhe Yexponcerta b C-m
.OboWaion'-
olection. In this technique,
dbsouation i a qualttative method ota
norrmation oplorecd by obsenvirg objcct huran behaliO

yslerns ord pocemes edc

tor Exomplc n a So Cahaul a podoct Inslcad
a
ed t postionslike in
qesionnaivc One CoD afroi ao
na Store o obseac. and behaviovY.
analesethcir This Cold he
Mor Expeni vc cthod Ifon the
qoslianajve ncthtd "Bt the eslt
cotoincd ambTRS mcttd au morc vcliahle

trHiccoinq The ost

Coremonly Osed mettod dato Colecti on
Aolea Cald be ee es
* Shucturce Itoticas

Sem Stuctocd 1otewiecus

*
Shuctocd ioteni cs
c c a ticc A
SUney Con be Cordocte.cd y osinq a

Stuchored iteuiecs. This rethod is genoall tomed

dminidvoted &iy
a
erally
Serm-Sthuchurcd ntesWiecws This mctod 0Scd hen tte
ycbeosch aussthe
csenclen Some baic
qrhorp and then letuhe
itei horeve
neceaoy ,Tnthis mthod, the
Tmeaviccur eh Sane
qRdelhre f
3-tto
e questios
qestions to
to be aked.
ake d The
he
Sccecdin tio Au
qneaal on the basis
Tre mOS Coomon ccding oestlor
xam 3 Semi-Stuctored intenuCo 15
Tob imeticco,
tOnshuchurc d Ilouicws hne a thenethat alicUS the intovieqn2
*o
Opinions and i aonal oftltrdc Iho. rCapncenu- Thcy oa
Epocdt levo ckqrec. 9 hlo and aed on Inut
Inou and
and
Exploncrhon, a Caeamchen Con or doepet insahu

This pt orolhe oiation ideliccoinq-ecnicpe -ts ou

Small
a S e Secte
ted d
qNoop ntcipanti ohoau Irieanexnd by a
roire
ccanchoThe
edorficiponlS ou Yom
o a fanot Yoscach Oudionce roc
Oinmon oimmeesl to the voosche ord the Ciert The dicoSions au
naly in
oro o chone aponienco
and t r opinion an hao Thueel
deas Con a
SpeaCc tplc
5.
6. loiecH\e techniques &
he oechve techniqpc isa Hechriqe intowiecsing.It isn
iniract eot treto d oqestoning in which
the ioloviceca oivccti
he stioninq *O
to
qcsioning Yccove Topones mqostions ot ciactly rclated to
Tte roporcert, Od Oalsinq The roponsa behoalioor to rate not
cheetl velated to him. with his tchnique, one s atle to binq at
the
hidden &provesd feelins The
iBenlicue s able to oicct the "tte
Tepone the Yesporchriu ohich au oc
Dre directl appicabe to
This method ota
daa Colection oircs
him|ho
OOne The
Tre Common 0 trese puhobqicall
pPcho bicatl Sls
Skil13 and
and tao
tuh
whauin Conumen Otituce
Iechnique io mavkttiq
maotketing vexeadh
vexacC
Motivation,
onCowod reVealec ottn reloencc toa
iosecings otc.au
podu 11SoNice
pdrt Sovice Seslernett.
ksterhct.
,
Secondcovy cota Sarcexi
about SeCondoDy dato is the rcliability
he mSt important rouisirHe
the SoCa
e mojo uces SeConctoy dotaL

ct ord ccmch
epot
ERP bta wanu houe & Hining
*rret cb
mdia Cane
licartion he molental afpcaninq in te pin
ehclted a pblication Dailyecospae mogtim Encyclopaaias,
be tomed as
tot book>, hard-broka erorti JLTalM ehc . Con

Pobication Constitute
med a» te Yc\oence matoial, and Thenc
hau'au alsb

icl availablc rces qdota

Evoopa,OEnenyi India pblicotiom fire ECoromic SonNcy

esented bejove the b p t kott Speeches ete

1 CME publlcations EnCom pauing a nice vang oomic carmdnu

eleingb tto ndia toneroy

ERP I Dorta auhasing and Hining9
ota s tored in apmFfaticn in Hajortypes 9Systemx Vi7
wanoction pracouing S stor8 frP System and
Oata hauhae
oe Sysemb Sstocthe recont ata on the boslnen ransact
eoreirg n the Sie othe chta, this System oy Storc cata om
Cre doy to one eon d More. The data s well potccted b cilet
o a Oc(ountu och acccomt on tte Sslem s deined Seaic

Yosorctiord Ond Is allad »cmau to Speaic ata.

D
 ota oauhcosing & Hininq * 3t is a
rcpDsi-tory9an Oganifationa
elechronicolly Stored cota. Data onshuses a cbiqned to acilrtake
epoing CAnd anoalqSs , bancd on data.
3 ntonct| eb
one
othe best koyto Collcct any
Setonchoydhta t o cch on thee
Wb o c rdated ords Ccold be. &rleed to cchvate the Ccooch
Ywoco world wicde web CLOWW)
sCsllatlon milliond
Certairia nmatio aut
bp
t o Storc the
porticeta1t alt the lp1co. The Concthrend
obicaticns in the rb
torma. This moy inclde. chractorte
Ccyclopocdla, eosrare Joiralsebook
9onmem
t9puenmo eporti
eori chc
etcC
Hlorct salso Yeponsitle 3 dta
Explosior The
itereis lcodool witth dto, and the
6lot ote the cdeunnt
challengon task iso erlity
8 vcol data tomhe hoop amunt dota
 ools
oS and echntg ues ot lala Collection
Collection of paimay da la -

Oifete methods of collecting ptimay dala uke

LLStionnare, obsetva tion, intevitu0,pAojective
pAojec tive fec
"fec hnigues,fous
hngues
ops ett, have bcen carlier
Scvey) discused
a uLstiónnaire :-Most Teseaich sluudies tse
Surveys6
Surveys are
gustionnaires
questionnaires to colltct dala in the seyslarato
focmatE A questio nnaire is a sel of queticns asked to
ndNiduals to obtain sefal itoematron ahocut a
toplc o tnterest 9t
given
poperly cosfructd and Aesponmbly
administsalrd, 9estionnaires can become vilal
by which interences can be made about
a
ins tment
peopla (o) entire Specitic grocups )
population
0)
Persoaly Adminrsleaed Suvey Since the hained
personal is pesent at the time ot Collecting dala, a
uestionnaure demgned fot persanally administatad Suveys
could be extensive
sceking in depth intoemation 2ncidenially
tn-dpth studies Can be possibla. onty tmocugh thrs toumat'
The
9uestionnaire could be men
by the vesponadant.
iiy
Telephonic Sauvey:-Sn case
a felephonic suavey,
the tntevieurex interacÍs uwith the
Aespondens, bctt ls not
personaly present The
9uestionnaure is also not Seen
the by
Aespondent: These
Foem the limiltions for collection of
dala wsing his methd. These
timilations Aestret the
uestionnaire destgn tot This metfod of dala collection
The 9uestionnaire shoculd not be too
long t Shoculd not
ha ve 9,uestions that take
long time on phon The
tns touctions fot
ansuventha q uostions shoculd be impla 46
that The responolent cundenslands them easiy
 Mail Senvees
are self administered
ii,MailSuavey
-

the questionnare c a n be ken by t h e respondent,

Though intetviewer Thi's limilale
interacfion wtth the
there
there is
is no
The
considerecl cohi'le ol enaning the SuRvey
6hould be
S a lkd
9uestion naire nust have cleal Instuc tims, cleaiy
guwstions etc; self- administaltd,the
Since this is
to hola the interes
9uesti'ons Shocld be s o deugned s o a s
the end a the questionna've The questionnnire shoud
not be too lengthy that 1& loods to norespcnse. The floe
of the 9uestions holdfolloc9 a pattern like,eas
9uestions in the beqinning, follouwed'ly dr fhiculE guestirms,
follouwed by easy 9uestioms a t the end2.

The
ivE-mail Suvey
=
As earlier drseuned, suey

Through elecfole media can be done in a ways-Sending

the Soft foum tfrough e-mail, ot ustng onUre &uvey

seavices I n thefirst method e serding the, soft versim:

of the feem trough e-maile,there is nodiffeence in
the quuestiornuire destgn than useel tn m a l Saveys, as
only t h e medium of collecting a l a is diffeent n the
later cam, The suivey Is constrastid stng TML eemat

and tools

b) Obsevation : The dala colleatad through o6sevation

method eguires to be # hansfoemed in appropriali em to
perfoem ageuisia analyss on the dala The dala colkctas
wsing vhiS method is generally in the fstm of notes by
the obseiver o the ccond
Cup/vidio cp a the vecodn
ot the process This makes
diffiault to analyse
directy Some artitiaal intelltgent softuware can be used
fot compilingsch dala
E) Trtevice 9f the inlervieus lechnig ue is Shacluied
he dala collecCod i's in the similaa fsem as the

questionnaive, and can be

easily compiled In case.

unshucined re vics, elahorale compihtion skills are

Aequied t o amyse. he dala

D) ocus Gracups 7The modexai of the focused group

collects the data The olala may be collectad in the m q
notes, audio o Vides Aecoings af the discuibn This
makes t dithicult to amlyne directly. Some artiicial
intetligent soffware an be used for compiling &Leh
dala The extsaction oifoemation rom the dala
eeuires TeCevant expertise fot compilatiom and interprel ti
of the dala

E)gjective lechnigues, Since these. methad

o dala collectt
AaguirePsychotogtcat skills, *7he dat needs to be Collectao
by a skilled person The
camptlation and
analysts a the
dala
da la also Acguives nulavant
expertise. These methools ave
ererally wsed by the Speeialists and the alal is coltlected
and compileol by 7he experfs.
Collection oSecondauy dala -
(a whil collecting o* KOcoding dal rom a
seconday
bomce for a Aasearcher, it is to be enscred that
the dala has been pcubkshed by the agency h a t is
t
authorSed to ether collect the primay daa oiT
directy collectid rom Ae lavant soutees
fo exampl, Goveenment of andia is the compefent
authoci y to colleet olala Aelating to pices a d production
 Thus, the dala peublished by Goveenment can be takes gs
an tthentic 6oelce. fot secoauy dala te lating to
pricos
and poductim

b) The dala collec tad and di Sserninnlad

by osocia24 ad
federatims of various indushies cocld a o he taken a
authentic SeConday dala by adese aAclher.
c)The other reliable. 6oceces could be the dala bas
Sevices, cohich vege1laily conduct and efabora }
Scuveys
the methocdology collecting dalà a d erro Contro.
peublisheol company dal can be alo Aelia bla. to a
Cerain extent Other ouces ay dala shola be first
veritied fet the Teliabi lily beföee considering the cuse
o
the dala
v, whilh Aeferring to the dala publisShed y
paivai bedies,
consultants, news papers) magazines ete; tmay be ensured
that
the efer
they to the offiial publicahions
mentioned as

above betote acceptingthe dala as authentie.