Ahe psi+on ob

cos he
SCoVJ
Sw lehey
uns
p n i n i a k e

decoden cineut
GN ond sff cord
Chuoghthe
specifie
She sotage
the motor

6H?
awchitectun of
Enplain

Battera paoilty
paukH exlinas

Curent stat ot

hcalth

Jhnmal
Disdonge

8toy taagunent ystem BHS) an elcbuenic sp

thet waãgess wchasugalleLntiy fo caur
opetates ably Gd efftcieny 815 doypnad
toMonior he panarneted asAOialed wth the

individual cells, apply h

nd ts

alected data to lininote xisks e6 akey d and

otDNLSehe ttpefdm@ncet Coni nuwly

wolon dala Jutamelou Such as tempoalr
 MS is ncsponai&le to hexmalmanngem enk ot
monilov t temponalune coninLouy
the brtlenu and
deteded
to minimize the Misk if ovorhcating
is auumnlial
vehides powe oulpul
BMS the
the cax put ait sak mode
Limuted and

OvErchanging eads to Ckomal and

limti of
an enplosion BMS enhorec the Rimts ot
fenlially
o dischaxge avven? accdirg ko
ximum chaxge
konentare condeoling he
y volbrge
also checki elccbical
the senag BMS
CUvlen
used
to avoid dacbi Shocks
islation
oroptimal ortotmance o babtoy pack y
to held oith
the tati dorge
detminivg caols
the moor
mooY
aso
ints he S
cclloltoges tachigoo lovo
conbtoller avod
9Mcqenalir braking.

cchagu Thouh
hcXmad managemn measlne
oll balancirg temporatune and owheal

oL pltage, ancunut and

ealth CsOH), t a t ot tudnl sop)
ob
proteclion, Stal Che cwnent condilon
wnc
Gnd S he SoH a s
Cmpared
ts
to ts oviginod
Yginal

ote ttay to
k
hcalth of pock
hcalth pch
reave
nechoniinm t
nilsak
 Assanment -2

0 u e l cell
deice uhi
is a electo chemical
A fud ell
eleciiciyymeans ob chemical veoriisn,
veorion,
poduccs

uch ke a lattey

Audoge OHgen
ar

H
UMeacted waler

lubrogen fud coll ten.Sist

uiu studi of
he
cathade, Similan ta
a attouy Jhe
an andde and

ith 3ydnogen ond OHgen

fuel cell ts Supplied
J ot
of fuel c s
Es celeebo oppastle
Jhe COnccnt
Oygen
lectrolysis o dalor, uhoe ydowgen
and alakeo
ar
Comined
o
it decbuiay
 Jhe qdogen fuel uplied to fuel ConAiStsc

chemically k
twd hydsuogen aloms por molccule
fuel coll hra
togetho in te form of H Jhe
puo duse
molceules t
cpuls these Adrogen
decialq
Adnontages
Most abuwdan elemenls
tas the igheu enegy amlent
2 tydrogen
3 Hydvagen is nungolhuting
4
educe dqendeucy h tociqn oil
SKoncuvable fuel SOUwces

Disadtanlages disbituulion
Lack rastuckune yo the
o
Hydogensorage is dffutt
Hduog en s exy eypemglve

lhusbale khe batey ig peukentsAracli

 t u t

taut
incto teukexts Ea",
Sulsttuling

A
Th-

Because 0 n <1; for , deox cases

incHecSES
knous hat
We
SOD

D o DS
- OD

SoD S the amoun o hange hat the battcr

Assume hat
ennales o he acuit
Lel
at t to, he atey s fully changed
ntetnl
4 Consido a small
Jhexc fove
 8 infcgnalig we ohtain

d (DoD) dt

Dop (Hs= if battoy S

is

chav ed a t

S thus aincd d

DoD t ) -
dt LOU

he FDM vascd on wncnl

discharnge quire
Kmowledge olthe duscharge cuocnt itt) Ihrf
Ove
, is model to predict e EV sange

shauld e d when ilt) is knoudn

, Compane EV MotDY indusbual maör

reajuirmns

A pRial indusbual mot ve

vey

roL equal to uice he

 5pted CAuiremenl indu
Jhe MaumUM

- ial molbY ound Limeseheroted

ineed
P e e d .
Out In a ev plicat", it is also
aoUnd
to 5 int the ralted speed for

Aigh
Aigyh pecd highway ouistng

Motors
Molors should designed according t e
e

ehide
vehicde diwng proftles and duiverts abiti.
ohile indusrial Mbors ane
uwaly based on

tupical wOrKung mode

motor as t be a
igh
1fpast ble, the
kal Hhe tolal vehiile
powex densiso
and t wll enable ntonsio-
s less
wcight
diving age
Since he mrors directly conbrol theoheel,
deided o have Aigh
So
SO he eV motors ane

and
conduollabilitod goud stendy tale
nAni foxtdlmauce
S ofect" ether wilh
ith gond SpeniOn

Explain rkig nd openat of PMSM

Jhe pomanent Magne Sncheonous HotoPHS

Conwrt i s Simla daic Spchuomous

Marbut the only dffeence ts uih

A-
ohe xoor doca nat have ayeld windig
u the ponantrmagneti ane used o
Geate teld poles he pmanent magnetg
ud n pMSM e made up o(t ntodymiun

boon-tron bccouse o its tetdive cat

higher pexmea ease ob auailalilutG. Based

n Meunng o pemanent magncts c he

ane
apes
 Suontoce thset PMsti

Calor
magnets inside
-R»or Core
Alorking f PMSM :
he oYking is Uey Simple, fawt and chbe
when empaned Convenlional motors 1he
pomanen gne ae used he
to Oteate

constant mognel teld utor

o the xotovd
Creak constontmagneli ur, the salov 34
Cncked y - upplr raduceaa
aindings
Windirs ane

Held opouates and uns at

utali ogndis ,

Syneuomou.s spced3he magn iu tield ob slat

nd wor art intododked ad t Pluc
intoa leads to odutton otovrue
 wovking of BLDCm
&plain Oporal"
and cts dsive ?
bnushes and it
have
Motov doesniot
SLD àS
decbuni cally-3 goat
Ommuutaked
gimilan T D
machine t wovk
Veimple, dectomogneliu induction
ptimiple ob
the Cau ng

anaday's laus
.Whenwu a ca
in magnel kld it
Conductovs placcd
Cnp o u e e a tore hcads t
ptoduion o rque l lortntz lau
mn such as
BLDe
hete axe tuwd pe o
Outnannen type mwloY:-

motov is 1rent ,oulnide

S nt tmide th dal
Gnd tator nkenhal
Connte

directl
sytem kuch wmakey it
Lt decs nat rauie oan
Jey y . hene ane enaily used dn l e t
whicle
whiclc aplicaliong. Uhe are tasing an efvnal
em when Gewain neti o
 di
Conbuol staseics

1
HT

Halt

Holl
Hall3
 heAmal MONog m ent o
Hcapenaile tov
BMS
mnulby its tompenalune Conlinuo
and
t batleny
atlen
isk if ovexkcatig
s dteded
inimize the
auomali al
vehicde's Powe oulpul is
GMS the in ail ak mode
the cax s put
Linited
and
homal naunys and
leads to
erchanging the
Xke Rimits
linati ot
BMS enhovec
oenlialyan eplesion
accodirg t
accrdirg to
discharge
awvtcnt

maNimUUm change o
the ay volteg
kmenlarc
conteoCling
eleeoical
also checks the &msing B1 uscd

cledhie Shocks
cwvmen

to avoid
slation babtty pack
opamal ferotmance ob
belAold wth
kld with
harge to
the Hati the
molor
molo
detwmini
dekuninivg
also cotols
Jhe BM S
in the imat rrachirgton loo
avod ce voltages
cOnbiolle ACqeneralin
braki
bnki

Thogh
awd eckagvg M a n e g e m n t ,
mcastUME

Chomel
Cel balontirg tomporalune and owyhea

and
o ltage,
ancunun
Stal ob udenC top)
Hal ob MeolthCsot), he cAvent Condthon

tnteclion,
he caswe
Gnd 0 he SoH oiginal
to ts
the ktony totak pured
cconar t
paciy J BMS
t rsave
nealth of prck
hcalth o ck
mechanuiym

Tailsad
 Changinga mclhods o EV
Constont cu ent chagtg
ime ti ,
Jhe ighen the At o kosig
Cuvenk is Small8o, iF cuwent magnid i
educcd hen hongoa kimc tnCnajesJis mhy
quirey cwtonl Sensor Centrollirg Cwent
velog Senov Jov the chasgig od
temponakwne SenAOy Choxmal Potedion
2Cerstart vwtoge danging
ts a Ceralanl wltage ptom Cased
chargug but as tobe Cwwlen

Liited
, i n in his hangi schewe hene s a

Cwnnt nik, akirh kells

he adMmum
atnount o avrment hal Can e allaucd
chay Th atlory

Conslank
awent Conlan ellage chrging
ch tak
Jhsisbrid agorthim chasging
 .Multistag Chagi (Mac)
vcs vaiodde oqniude
clangt
cunre disfoenl
at aqen o cho"ar
t
Poukant n i - c o n
ba ttoucs

Powo
aatoy 2 plain it
.hatis
necd w Yto md and EV ?

Poude 043rgalor
of asenty n
An gcatov isaouping
hich atty as single enity
Pouw ystem, eh elciialy
moduuate
incHease Con acDdi-
Con
his ot CVsum
tj
oup
6 a
conuon demand on
otolla bicity

the

dherid
Necd Hor POwe retor
alion
is
is inchhicint
incfftcicnt
evs V2G
Trdr vidual CommmuLale

Create a pool ob evs and

 mauimum udit
imate

the hicles moy h

Mcans, kGnt oo
ke to darge
change loudy, somc EV's May

. uld be ovalle d the alk beluc

ehde tvrurke dnd Grid
nOntast h tdily o dhe peuier dtme

upizivq etoge dwiauons

Eylao Huk aiagram t tandand

dangot De link
Bus a p u l o n

Ac
Vin Aclpe 1alatad- DD
inpuk Boo st
T
Conve ay ni ,

High
Dspl mio
odullu
 anchitecine aides an
Ac-DC
Converle

th
wrth
powenfacoy tonccditn followed
islalkd
isololed DC t Covtlon oith
aN
owpu tes
aC-dt Conveo S
On-nd

onent ot haLgen System

S
-N e
selertion his roloay
regulalo Vequuirem enls
Cential me
CAtNt hat monics
yut
Cmplementa-
plenenta
Oulput tage ngulalton and
melion
ion o powe oci

Jhe
Cenvnlional boost Conect1,
ridge
idae
bost
intodeoved
ost onvefer nd
Sos
Sen
OnveX ane vuitur d Sor apptcalion