Data Communi caH eu oud Cempuer Nehuek

ale Cownuwcahe

Local Remo
effeche ne at Corvect addhcn (no to vuhsdad vesi eving
IDelie Sys uuut deltner dada
ouliuuy dala accunyale l4 i ,
a 0 mut ba dlivecd
AcCLUYCy Sustcin mus
a O aud I asI Ho weve Since dala Is Usuall l k e d du

ccnsm i 6 a
good Sy3le mus incude mechaniTms
Re procei o
6emoY Couhel.
in timel mahne, olata dulivarre d Lat r
mut delier daBa
3. Timebnes Syslem stingufr SSme

Useles oeuAN, H 9 u r e hmeuut may be more

Cud uy ottY applicahs

ppcaioens 9,
Vido 4 Voice
Ccalls
ext u u a l , etc.

Tann im Recreve Deshnahin

Sue Trans mitBeY R
ystem
fom
hanfsmsenCod Cau ae a Single hanaaisimAccep h Signal
generoel
Coaxf abl ranamission Sysem
dale He daa ecieved ine eg, a
Canversls it into a
prem tte Source inth twiskol poiy, ophca ba
tom thak Can
Suitabe Signals that Rbve ov it Could Le
Can be hanimittd Complicakd n/w. hondled by t
aCross. ej modem deshinaham.
moolem.
Tasks to be pe>kumed
uhu zahev
TOn&missiOn &skem ha Copabla of bag'propes
u t e mulhipex f ,
Comeshiet
Cbuuhrot
Sjgnal must animisSion madi
ue
OcCND9% u
Caxd (NIC) be Intepst talsle
as
luer facin Ayehwoyk hleface
9 ( n al muut
wec
Snot Cturah tu
a ta eciet
dala

b/w Snusce deshn aho ols ar fllasad

SqnchxDhizahbt1
euusuts dEot prtkot
egaaeling proloc sti, it
exChang manaemau
eve-d eheck CcRC)
Checksum, Cycic Redundeucy
En de k chot 4 Conethol , fanby ,
an ra0Y
ecietlI Vfte e r a
rtiena
a SuKC
Tu 1Send
does wowmuhalm d
&peed 3nuce
Combot on
has do be
*Plow Combal Ihee
be aosorbed 4 procuNI
daa faskex han it can
dush nahon by sendling
by d deshnaiom ephs
desHnahion e cUcelokd L4t disht Conc
lde uhics dh They
Addnt aing path do rcach tte
stciexne
eidhux
at dhe
ldouh fies h reumL acHvn
Rouh Emar Comecheu ,
Objeche
dEe condu pior d
It is dishact fabm t e Systm
to
Receve ttast r t
inlemphm o
pon ob

NESSag famattin
Secum boaCommu MoDEM evice
Deuice MobEM 1 enmissim
SShen Netok
w
fe, Smarphaste s Dala Com muunicahon
Distauce no- dawi
D a k Communicahou Nehoods bmitahom
So not prtetd.
Simpltst: p a u t pont
nttust)
PSTN ( Pabic sofiCh felepbont
o b i phone Nthont
tuo 2 Cakyoiea noles. I usc d Concept 4
ka Clanied cle d 3oíBelij
3wtclJ
I t Cau inercamneck

mouy
Canxids
LAN ATM

opPpzvach
th Corlcepl Broad tast Nehoavk S
Wks m one
Comman media
Cio LAN Usuall
Inslead 4 Suitchin
Shosed by all ncces
wnN
ofturdatfereices
yw LAN LAN Lage ov WAA TAMIA
JAMIR
LAN),
LAV
asta
Small fov
ni3aio fat
Fak mplhmeuh it. Ce4,
mphmeuh (e
Cov trage dh ogdnu 5a/7ov
athp LAN i oned by R a a l e . d io,Alet)
C
most povhon 4 wh
 . Dala alz LAN 1 s tex dfan WAN
LAN S not Scalabe but WAN should be ScaCab ( anea Tse as usey 1
.Scalal lih
Communi Cahbu becus b/w enhhy e o i d i in dutercnt
Pelocd In a Co wp. w

Syshtms omahianu . email

EnHy f y tpabll 4 sendiug ve dti
Eny ConBains omt o m o s t enhhug
SysonSsm s pluysical otject t a t
a

ComputuM,
roukM, gakus ays, ebte *oo Luhhy
exchange s dlaha b/o
E 1s a set orul govenina he
oroca
Key lemeuds protsCa dala domat 4 signal
leuls.

incluc ike 2 emo handing.

Suntax
Controt iuo r Coosdunahom
lt incude uyht
Sen&nhcs Stndad
nknah
md
Timi 7s0 Stanclarsd
CosI) is auur

trCounect
Open s e n In Conpuktx
Nuhwts.
Comnuni taku g a r d l i s
sb
baicC 03pech deat
ILCoes all modul dat allews 2 olst. sstom
i5 a
Ope s t w
what plotol
il fatlows (pobcf onclukchharc e
nahok archkd.far
tEa allav
allav pr
a pnbed. It
a M o SysFens
ttas
OsI N A h a m t u b t fr
du/yui cmsst 4 7 7 Sepax
Sepavtks bu
tles bul
alayed tTt tmsfsft
Compues (re open) dtu
a
o S 1 mooduD mavls info. acris
acYos all bype da pvxeM
Communsli an
Seamzut
E.ach layey deind
Telakd Laye.
APphcahon
nke r d e id

]Node
Tsen ta hon
Session

7-6 lueface
T anapo t
65
Inteviare
Nthua
MAC
LLC
Datalint
L Physical Layer
Physicd(onnechon 7
Layurs t os

) -

3 layet regd.
dhi
a nMw s ony
lokmadiat Node B
just hlpig { R Cmf
9edit wel a hulpig n/w e l l As halpy
Comp uk I5 e cievig nu
Peer d peey prceM witi a Si mactuiue, each Louyex Uses dtu sex VILUS dee aguy
atow t Lauyey 4 Uses da servite Cayev in hun provile SerivILe th la

Howeves, wun a oll. maclitne, Layer X on Is mac lune Communitaks

pvDeule mtA C mactu tod CemLui tok wat.
X 2nd macli S Called
pee topeer
PRe Pe p
Ae Raa pvecess odtey mac lube a a gint Laye
itakHon b/u macluiue 15 uove a petr o peerPrbCLM P7o tocet
e

hoeouNe Gppopiat cacl, Louye Howe N al e

Comuui coHtt det.
A d pluAita uy
m t u hmou ddoLon
Commn iCaP
he Layes at maclhe B.
dtue
mactue add i o h npacka
s do u
Lace Layer at dhe Seudi . 4 prsss
da

it Yecius
Layer J beleus t
Cmbst inko.
1us added m 2

added at dhe beglmni dfu clata paNcel/packu

Hader Conbst dala daa paYcelpatk
TraiexrLnbol daka is added a thu nd 2
tclded ak uyY enl
haiu
layer 7, 6, 9,3 4 2
S, a
headurs ane addrd at
USally t t Lfu tseA
layun bea an intface thal p
daa Cau pouvM w
ntenpace blw layevs layes fuucheu pavid
moclulomht
Lw el dukihed utface
pauy adjaceuc laye
dhe n/w
omoving data f
ogunizanb f Layer deal wik physical aspect
3uppott layexs , dhay
Netwosk
Lyex,2,3- .unvckkd
o anodhers. inkr optrability amsng
ont oluvice allow
LayerstRay
'Swb laors S, 6, 7 UsUY Suppo
th dittereuu Compatus,
Systcmreaidiu anemmssjeuflh
Sshtwac eund reliasa
t
enguocs popey eud to
ranspost ayur,
Cayer 4
Geuralimpuuneled
fu softwase

Uppe s(4, S76,7) a t 9 t t w a e tharluwese.

Lowty Cayes 2,3 ) Guly ta harduwac

Lowes L t (0)
USeN d a a

hon
PAH UFEYda Fal
EAH5E doha
TH A-DU PI A OU
S pDV SH
FOU
Ci PDU
PDU
TPDU
N NDtDUI
L Unk hruuy DL-PDU

DL-fbU
 hiad So
Combutr Cut by y
om Loyer sF (ompwoY dala goes d 2d
e NH xbad
LH got ges
removed i 2 LayY t d Copuur N-PDU oe macui
do 2 d
thiak Luyer S n a y u s a dala fres on

medium. t is

at vamou layus avur a Physa

es o baaddve wd bih shean
dAu Ph regd. to tanimt
oiinau
PhsiCal Laye 15 Coor medium di be
1 ed wih the ftlowin du type
moiny Comoen mediunthe physical
layer dehines
Hcts o dke
(a) Physical Chaackmr deardmted
properhus. To be 9uccctully
Used& he nce ih Chanackmr Ks is jwst
infomahen.
: h plysical Layer dala he pherial loye
CRepaClcatahon b ino EM 8nals.
shcam) mut be enco dlud
dis infmmahon ( bih ducidus
9o physical Layey
olahed ype u odiu n - e F ie how lang
nck bih last .

SeutSec
C D a a Ral No b
bíh will las 9ynchronizes
how long Ae Clock m u bt reduer
Jhe Sundr
(d) ynchvD nizahon:
e) Lin Conkiqura.ieu SdaY topolog7
Connecheid usirg meh,
bu, Riry
Devias moy be
G Physical Topolojy! dull cupkx. misi
Simplex, hal duplx, 7au an A
ssi et mocle which 3 a
Tansmi
om dh pysical layur, I+ maks dte phys1a
Jhe dalh Unk layeY node deliver
3 Dala iuk laye: respmbla d» nocd
eliaka. tink
Fcuty uko
a

o dha
nchoose Layer. daa nis
fec. ihbo managable
LayeypeAT
ED7

ecieved
bom dhe n/w Layer
tha doBa sheom
1t dindes addroi die
(a) froming bo duin physical
adds a huadey to dhu drame deshnahion
Calleod packek u
Thelala lak tayer 5 oubid dhe Sehds n/w,
next n/w
(b Physical addncing Teues
1f t e n/w to dhe
Re eciever. Connech dhu S ource
Serda, 4 dha dvi
that
the So wrce, dee
dha 0ddnt prreduceod by
daba at dte vat it
s
addrts 1s
cau't
o
alogoyl
ut the overwh
thu ovevwhilminy dh Yeujutr.
t prevtut
..
r e i e v u

If dte Com bul

m<Chanism

a
low (ontr
Cond
(C Flo a How do be O e d br eror

imposes dan
daka iwk
ayer nd s dha
It odds
a drai ur oat data unk ayev
layey
( roY Cmi physical Laye do dhu Same iuk, Eu
added do ac
ed
Cmnecko acces
Conbr{,
uiabilit duvices medium
by A e MAC
moe
s don
wu 2
Cannt: shartd. often
16) Acc uink wfl
ke

dala Unk layex)

c
doLintho
now
Sulyey t t h
is a Speda dalin packak aceYO mulhot,
whiuh
L 9awrce
doi 3 o r e deshinoMm duliu
deshinoion

yeponaíblo Same link , thare no nea

layer: t1s thi

do
.Netuork
2 syakhMs a t Conneced
n ( Liwk1f ta utide de
deshnahon addoces
A
mechanism
by
pees VAvin Pysical
() gical Addnessing dhu packes
indins th
veieve
Suder n w
Ca
Mechanism to be Used
be USed ffs indins dtu Proper eho eld
n/u ger define t h
(b Rouwhng
Ouue (oui) ackes Oncwmovig- Ih dka n/w, de.
ih de dey will aet into n Quodher
f o mopacLeS cmav
(e congeheu Conbol
hw Layo mub Condof i s Congeshie
omir bottle hck.
 t dest. (eud to cud) deli euhe
Tyarspovt layex apmaib le fr Svc
individual pakat f doek
So N/w Layey eu c t t eLuel to eud delie
packet Tlat ir it eat eack pack
s Cepar i my
Dagnse au velahbtustup (
whol amu inlactinovcur
yaupov uY uunu dat dta
msg
Te
Thotoce, ye
oflen uns Sevtral programa 9imulFanmou
Sevice paint addncwing: Compulex next o u aso
trpm a Doerm
otur. Th edhe
om Campuar
dut. deuieing
meau not ony from
Compuluy deu sptcific pmcus
dn
he
PoCesA ( Yunniug prtram)
include t tupe o addoc
Called u Servi
hanspat layey htaduv dhuycrt
poiuu addrtss or dhe prt addotu.
s divioled by da bans post loyer into
Jh euive msq
Semehtahety aet RassembGug Seauulnce nuhnber, Thue
w i t t each Segmeuut haihs
Smalley mauageaLk Segmeuk.
hetps in em free vastmblip. os a
Conne thioyn
a i her Connechon
Te banspot layer Cau ust
Connechion Conbol:
ietd mehoed aluo xUponsi bl flon Catbd
dala iuk layer,
the tanspot layCr
Flow Contbol uke te sife layer
a
ehd, vatex han a Yb&t
Plow Cmbo1
hec fom end- to-
Hoseve also implemens
e o r Conbe[
The hanspost layes n d a t u tea at
a
i7l
Combst is penkoY mes end
in an po laye
envor Com l

Dala t Signallng As, Pk

Modulahion) ycod ule Ccle made Lehbg
( Digial
Dgtal Dda - Analoy Sjnal Cmvetov, PCM
A/b
Signal Xeadie - (odun
Analog Dta-Digial (Aale
Mochlahor)

3. Aulog Daka lognal AM, fM, PM

h Co Polar
Daa-DiTtal stanal ( Cncoeling
D t NRZ RZ

ot NRZ-L NRZ- ranhutor

encodij
DifFre
manduh

Bipala
Pseudo femoy HDB3
AMI