bhn Cre dee

B
- Leon Nei Cooper
John Robed Sckeieljer.

as st SU ccS sSul
S coasiclene d
C S the odg
Aaereb
khe Supe condtiviky.
wweh explcuin
ony
Mrcoscpje theory r c o
oe Ik is a complate
aqucntu
1s
Supen Concduekivik
to ths h o
khasy
Shouwee hcut
Pdroa as
echanv cal
speciodstate
when a
ccue

Supe conclucti viky bra.

ekcbxao.
ehc
concl vctio
concluckio

x s k s bad
the
affars
thepugh o latlice
movs
cuhon ap electoon
olectso statrc
De ko the
Idstuobs ho lottr ce.
custo R)
kem hene s on oscj llatory
SoocOs bw
telaltc©. The osciUatory
coreof
qvantScd lo tems
erms
Iatice
l adiCe S
IS gvantisccl to
khe
ditork lattrce
latlr'ce
inkenacto bw khe
te d
of phonors re consto
cud
n

Sosm
oxm o
s in to
la ck o n
eck rox. These
e
ancl
ophoOKhy
absos pk10
amission Smcllees
Smclles
virtval
vistual phonons
phononsS
Koown as
phonons coe
O8,gealeo wil be te
e mass +ve fon
Suppo anokhey eeckyon
du' os k1O0.
latice, he enwngy
Eho o rorked

secocl ekckro wibe Owe

 ks peceS khat Euo elacks an
k s kheough
that nos meu epe cach okhD unk up i'ntem

te latt rce oustok1 oY kho phonon Fiebl,

Thvs
Ths kype
ype of1ndenockron scallees elecxa-lattrce
eecton nt ackron is ideockro IS stmgest cwhos
the twD elackons hove equcu B Oppoke momeda

spins aucl tws paurs coulel Coope O s

Coop aif;. A pas eectrons is Bsmcl khongh

elhckon -

lat'ce -
alectron int eoacrio0. JMU P
mus have pposite spin f oPpDsite unea omenia
Such that khe ret mom ant un otho paur S
S

Reno he paiy Sonmecl is behavo os a singe pcerticlo 9

behave as boSon FB
Cedgy T's DXcles of 13ev
CaUed by a weaK lajce custor kran
The atlracTo
Coulonb eptus/'O cluo ko the
Ov@DcomeS
Ov@ocomeS vong
epulsIon is fUBtonanes
ko CDulomb
Sack khat
letiko c u s t a r r
atockron
Causcl by klo
wwb khe
setaericl in time
S hahly

Fom a quanbum mechacc nt

K Crectes a
neuci10 o ubve veckas
e

dorng ko latice
ladice
viTkua phom o wove vekos
So thcut kho wave
doovrat o), lossos mom Mwo

veck changec to K
K K
 eacto of wav vecko Ka acguwr Eus
A Second
mom Qnl um eusing ks collser wr'kh the phonn
Its wave veck oo I's chage to Ka

eleckso n eme phoo 3 Cwwoken elcto

absosbs I +is exchog p ess Ko eps c

oop
open-

oment wn IS Cons eVed

But oV en all
pous togakhon

K+K
K-

Phoro

the intepactI'n of
of ele ckrons
ckron
supe) concluckos
phoons 's mocbjeed y the Sack khod elactoS
no longen inolep@oclnt, o but may be
ay longen be
bounel kogk n Coope poi s which can oufk
 CMent S/ows hk
whan
bhobuqh tho maler
fss
law Lemperttes,
Sueh pauYS may
solierent y
Lhase eluei
cUikmul Scall oUnq
kho lati co
though

nty p Condulons

state
s ow
1Du

Coduckos l
npy
oy Supe
ko supeD Corclucl
state
Becau
doxnal
khan noma tate.
oclee d khan

gtate Lnt sopu

Norma

Specifrc hea Capaciky

of Supe Concduto.
nosmed concltkor C: YT+ B whone
d
Speciie heat
a

teop@cutcee. Hee
IS keropeactoe. khe
he
1S
and
onstad
3 a contabutj to thu
ollec
e ckkY
oonniuC
sents khe
rk@ repoo Eh latuce Contyi'butibn
ka
Second
koa ard wikh tempmlor
wIkh temlo
pectrc CxponanEielg
docsea&S
Ehe lattic
kthed Che
hat
laltic e
Since
S ice
talo
u c kig
t8 kho Supe cond Cffecka
in
SUpe
Supe
c oneloctin
Coclocti
aftockd
n
semains
Condibutron
elve kO kho
ko ela
e l ectxonye
ctonyc

VBS
Oe ko
od CN
Cy
tade
Corpo n t C e x
ehoay baocl qe
eKgT
S u p e n c o Iæ kn,

Nomcu
C Cnies
Condont
T