S

X WAvE OPTICS hysics

Te MAOHRI
Wave neat
Sun Jase h aall (

ane Am he Same sata

Pounls
OSclla hon e m Same phase
ave horma
No rmal tha

Coave ron i Cled Norrm al

ve nomal huch

vcs dircedom
C av e
propeyaten F oaveron
pes Cocweront
Sph eri tu cOcwerot
e q i d s tant

cowero
i )-Plane
CA t 5 phi cat oaweiT
Stant
Combng rem
hadrcol Dewe fren
ab taimid rem CL Netamile
CO cwefre
Cq!indrealCavefront

nclee
cocuefronk aels ulk p
ven
0ihU

a Scce ndu
T vln 9

aves cll PosS b le

neo s wronl
direc hon 2nvc/
ter
elope
hi
addi honatime (at)
Huygers Consru chon
a ) S p hen ie a
avefront
-
let XY2e a soherid
rcachiI
So n ( e
otto
tme
awerond Comun9
Aedordins huy gem Xy2 ac
sis
 Lke a Sc condany Sonre g ht
J
C3ilh
L31lh XY2 u (oste and nadus ad
co a Cintles The enve
lop n 9 Surf
xy2 Ne Sphei cal Co aw efronnk
tme ot, ba t k s a n d
aften add, tionad
Cnele n not fadken tnlo
o r wa n d dacchor
Cow a d vam onl

b) Piame C o e font c w e drons Comn ven

be plane
Xy2 time t
a distand Son eeS neachun wm

a
ak Ake
ygen'xy2
AccOYden
Accevdin io ih XY2 as
tentre
Sonce
Seco ndary d>as Cireles 7e
ot
.

adis a n
enve lapinj Sfa x'y'2 hme t.
olan nrerd ccld h on al
ack aand Cn el An Por cund
ac o d as a om y

ree hen on

St

t+ot
tt+o
Sph eical loauefrort Plane weron
Reracfo plan cuw
Let Pp epro n h S n tau e p ahne
mmde wm I and 2 Zet v and Teprro ent
Sp ced g a n
meed um and 2 e Le

2p lar
Plen oew fros 1 3 propo7 tng
he ene ehen AA medend n
wndente e n
an1'e as Shasn in d
Let
frasA
T be e
he
m
du tante
fadte
3c
b Owe frons

3c = VT veloeh dksp

A
cuveont
+ n c i e lo m l

\B
- B
VV
VT
medrun (
\
A
V mdwmn (2)
Revacted
ren
T de fer mine the Shope he
uractes dra o a Spkn
weso nd e

nad(a VT he poind A in
Sccnd u d u n ( ' : s p e e d awe h Se cd r

VV) Let cc
nepres en
plne draoh m he pornt
Sphare AE VT
CE
Lould epremt e nara ced aue
Conside AB3c and DAEC
Sin
)
 Sinr C)
AE
AC
=V
AC
e (i) and (u)
in
Siny
VTAC
VT A
Sni V -(3 )
Sny V
Va E U m
C ojhe
h em
n and n2

henu and D an nerae i)ve IhdiC

medtum i and mud i m

r m (3)
n2
S(n V c/n
h, Sin =h Sin

Tho Shell's a fra eho

cwe iemy h g At
t n d Tr
mediam Ci) and
C2)

V
6
V

when we g nerac des

e domscn medtwm he oanelemglhand
he sp eed pYpeJa hon decrease b
U m ams Sam
 Refra chon at a a mediu
7he ang e
T shis Cye
V V,
u r a chon m Case C ill be Trte
Incidente
hem n gle
Vi<Vz
dum

hedent

Oavcron

V,T

Re fracted
V
We no
hSi nSinr
dene cngle e Cenbral age,
h anon

5nL NLSine

9on

foY >icthan CCmnod e dra,bd

o e The ingla J
( c a l am
kn oon
nd a ane es
rento dhan h
Chral ange
nit h aue
rerached towe anes e
oll ndaj o ha knan
t enn lechien
efle cfion plon
a

plame Santone ( Usin Jda14ens DnpJ;

Conside plan LOCwe
AB Icl icl

unge On C Snac m
V P cocvv s/peed 0

med wm and np
e em he celv a n
by
point B o C . Then h dtani e

3c T )

i Cons ku) e neflected lowefror

Loc d aw Sphen rds VT r o

Pourk A hoLon Lt cE
the tan 1 cmd plne CraDn
upreond
pornt ha Sphnt
AE < =VT -l)
onside AC 0 g n
AC co mon Side
= AC

AEC LAsc (B- 9o

AE BC VT

Cm qraent
ASC

Cur (pn dhG pant

Cor r u e t A4
 mce dent Capal
@n le

a l e c6 eny nced end ra

a ho plan
and ef leeAd ray
a nefle ch .

aweont Thrsus
o/an e
fracdhon
) den(Lenye)
)Con ciwe
i) la ss ps

CA Befae
Af
COC
13 Jee af h

culowcd As
i
Lohen a planu. iocwe frord
r a c h en

Threugh oa /0S
as locse pant
paPaad advar
rwel m de
has s
osn pax
cielay ed medwan
d ens Cn
dstenc mcid cnt
Thi
P/ane ewe fro he
Ineednd

he enhrad-purt
Conv c lens
s
huee es7
Tre enses ni
plans
nd Jo ddey cd he m Jhe
a d e p r e sSICn
cjront hs
m J occ oms
Cen tre and homfere he p mt F
spheni ed and Con cw
'ch n oun Concaw
ncedcf

plae u f l e c d h em Coc ce a spheua

mune
Convnjing foral P o
Poin cn
No re: 7tas hme tak cn
ro onn h e
Lm Pondini
Ahe object
maj
Same
aon
Sapeap ossh On L uwes

rewe ing
hen num ben
S u pe n m p e s t
edi um

eath oThT he Nsultant a s platc menb

tnstat
at a
ct amy Po
e veedur S
du Ao indivr
ds plae cmcns
t Dhat poin
23e hon twe
In tesloncnie
he S am amed haw ng

3C o CY
cor5tont p e deco-C frac) hni
each oT
Same diree en 3upenpas
ntens id upepesihe

9 cts nedshri bwed bec omins mad(mmb

Some ponko hnanimum a ohes

callcd w e fenente
henoinOin

Lohennt Soma Ts
Lhue onhnuusl mil
liq
ume e y e Cor we length
Constqt phase lifenne
Crlled
6edseem hemy ine

l cohea end Sn
Cmul
n e hk

Lo
onsfant Phas
Gllcd n n co h a c n SouRLc
anu
dinen
cshenen
Cond,t dtainun
Sou c
.gat mus t be
S o uYcco
C Sngc Soune
btaanu
So m e melhJo
Thea Telate phase differe
 Ahe doo 1 ht owe
beween trem
Temaun Consfad C hm
o n o chyomu

The dso 3oun(CS mus1

dencn Colswns w
Is ee
(9fhen w

ig Cend
ntenfcnem

puterns
and ryes dd hen
Colons oueyldp
bchr c e
7Ae pafh dijyesen
ie
be lng
eeed
3o Cn Then
shsuld luecd du
denemte pr
phoe
l A m i n a n on
jpTh
be
h
S Creen

Lntadoence
dauble Stt Copen m ent .

So u ( Ca

and S2 de veLd S
h
S Cume DancnA

S'onre S , hemee
Act os Co h encrs

Sounc
n
h
Separ at ed
d
a Small digtareo
btained
n tofeere
aStrem
planud a distance D fre
Ae Sowrté S and Sa
inF Pen ne Screen a duta
Corgide a
o
o. Th h a h
m Cnbe
2
m t e r t e n e n 4ead
t p Int P c Cn
dieenC
D SP - S.P
No

2
acel
-Lo-(*d )
2-c d

(SP) -(,P) 2
SP -SP =2 L
S2 P + SP
cnor
< D, neghg ble
SiN C
o,
6 e n k o d u eed (siSip)
Co i l l e
uplatcd b 2D

S P S1P 23c d
2p
SP S,P =
(
nten fer cnd
sh u c h v c
cans
hen
Y'on
esutin )
n

haue
e
olhn hand
On fhe
clak ACJie

nd =(h)
n(h+)D n-o,tt2
 Thns clenk cmd brght Bands
an called
n he ScrcenS'uch bands

Thus cnk CmA b1ght drnges

The distanee
SpaleA
e e qnal
C m s e c u t ) ve
oe hweem
UCa
7
and darlk ng e

C o p r e S S iCn
Sheh

fnge Note
y ht
n
n n+

dnk rnje
nt%)
n

d
 oais ahon
hie h Vibrahor
A rams vense cwe

Prcoent
all Poss ble dir cehon,
Cne

a p lanepeopend calan r e edireehor

popegahon t Sud o be npolay sce
Prenet
) he Vibrahon C

One rce hon m a plam<

4st

Pependicdan fo he decdron

he is
L w Seud o b poarSed
The Phen memen cotchr5 he
9sellahons /st

clec hcn he YensVCas« Plane

Called Pelarisahon

Cb)
(a)
wm p e l a r ccA
Pic4 pT C nda han

Ca)
cb)
Pieto repYoentahen PelaS ed

Polars an A deice h at plana pslarise

n polariscA Agh pasc hr oug h
calld apolavisen
Comm on'y d Polerisn ane 7aurmain

CTystA, Ncol prism Polaroid.

elarstion h Ces
As Showrn n hen ordinary (unpo laY s
SS cd Throjh a tounmaline

P ls Intensidy C t down do
Cy Stal ineident
Rotati The CYyst P abeud h
ht
bea 7h he
e am Now Sirmlea
he Yensmetted

Crgs tal A Plascd o1f panalle

T rens mulld
hed P all he gt
but - A
Dassc ThrenA
Own
ofAd m us PoSia

drens mllA1
p lan fhe ten s ght

ComUS ao
deercaA'*/
shn he ho ryste«
one Pe e r cl a each ohe The hs
scus o
Crystals e Then
P no n One

A 1sh Gecor
ned AIe
olarse
A
e
npoiorises Moolmunn

+ ti /
o i
-
 drams mtles V)
Cystal P Js

olas Se 0 lon tauns VIbrahons

panalle o gha aocis P he polarisd
beam /passc a Such hrough A al
Uhen he A p emd talo
h P Ubra don
ais A
Cbeng pen pedicular
Cne n drensmlled A The
c s tul P hek Pola Pe i g
Called 2ola tS C e Sceond rste

rlled an aly S an alt sc4

efa S ed

Melu's lao Chen e a

Com rs planee polarieed e7

h Indens .
Passedd duy Gralqs
bems nullei
dnec9 e Sjiare eSine
he anglc e wcem re a i s mi SS On

echen S p o l a r SCn Cm dn aly seA

anem at calg d (os o

l o las
T.i he
frensmullid Cqpal
hell h intnsi npsluv s ed 1G Ineidenf
he pola SC
Ploni Plan
A sh o n In
Suppue Plors Anlu
h plan PolaLSC
An otnsu 1nclined o
ec h e at a n ange e
Let a be am-pli hde
elane Polasd lg r trensmulled S aSn
h 1po laris e
 am pli d e qt n e d ca
he
oh dmalyN t
Cemyp6 nemt alos e a Sn 9 .

r n s miUles nalu S Th
n sth tyens maltd 6
An ay sen
I = kla los o)
T k alosto
nasimun

rens mullA

e)
1 los

Parsahon eflechon
Malu dscovcea h
/ n c il c d
OY d n any
n s pancnt
medumr
Snfoee
hally lan
J e fleched
Polavisad sn

polav LS d The
depemds he nle
a parh eul n amgle eidece,
h flec fed 7h
C s o n d hs 66e
Compl etly polar 1S ea
vbyah ons PEnperndicalan

ane
The on l1yat
heedcmie
e
trons paset Surtauc i r e fYe 6eann
Compl et eky plana Po lar1sc 1ght
Called polasins er
Bhessea anlc (A)
 rCsta ond that he PolariSig
angle, tne eflected and enSmulled
CU Paponditdan lo each ofhes,

shown
Sppes
IncIdomie
polar S inj
angle
d 1n 1 ge fra chon Then

Yem Snelu's lae Re fle cte

pulavised CPlar s ed

Sm
Sndp
S(4o Ip) Glass
Sinap
Cus
A ton up
Plarsahe
Tho e lahen iknown Yeilecled istn a
tans
ca Bc us tesau medum ot Th Bresster
angle
13ewsten la Sttes hon ha tangont
he ps lar is nq ngle
rans panct mdiun
ndo
aYS h an
G S catterins
L e lo e at ha biue pu
sk pelaroid an rot Th
olaro id he rensmls ht shuws
se nes Tis 3 hoa
hath
g he bl
sky plan polars T ho
 Sunlght gc Seut evcd Ce
hem t entounleyS
he moleceley dhe eanh
The Satteaee M
s
atmuspher t
Seen C d e cbon
peopendc wla enechen n den e

i ocond 6e
plane polas ca
e plan ahen
Tedot
shcts he
unpola iSed ht Nirae
moledule
hctdent on a
molecule The dot
3hos vibrahns npelars cd
Cndeculan Ae
plane para ans Sctteyd
sho s
vbradens he CRaviscJ)
plane The
mole euli
cleeiyo nS he mele cult
e
thes e dehens The ele chron s

vibrahnjpa allel e doulrte

ot Snd do ends
Cneng y s an
obscrv e ook inj go dirocó
h en al cedevad n
ho rans vens e
emp enen 7he 1g h
St adcned
he ule eles n his
n hh ohl dets
h
dets.
pla PolaY Scd
Papndicalan h plane papA1
Th etplans po krisahen
3 caters r sky
r a c tion ct Sinqle sht

Sownte 3 mo ochvemah ly ht
plated at a (on vest lens
1he
ocu s
A t and hem e
L panale) 6eam
a Plane Oaweront Ww els meidend on

Jectang ulon s]it A ddh a

a asingle s t
Brachon
The
The neident oawefront d trb s all
a ll

pekls . h e slit AB Simulaneousy.

A cerd ng hygems Theoay all Paas

hesht A13 o.ilu beco me

Co v e l heh allstala
Second anj
h S ame p hos e. Theoe ocue lel
>at n al drv echins, hus
sprad
Caus in oilra cdhn lijht a d

emn1 C hasuh s]if98. Supp:

dlrachen pates do docusscd by a

Convca Lems L2 o n a S C r e e m pacd

 Conrad momum 22
ALI h SLcondany otuelelooing
Shh ais h acrosS he AB a s ocussE
ocusse
at he ccnral point O hL scrcim. Tha
Co wcls rm C U

P do heues n e slt
Same phas e
Taach
The addConshue
h)ea
aenhra
adcel ahm
bi5ht dng e
pofh dj encn
Suppose rsecon dany tove l les d
at angle an decuss cd at
point T condw a u e lek stand
e SItin
dcne
Same phu e but sh Yeech 0h
po nt

P dfevent phasca s ppedi e

AN T A on do he rem 6.
Thun he an 2ncnce 6e hveem he

Coaveieb Aand B ill be.

B PBP AP B r = AB SinO
,13N-S
13 a Sin o AB
Poshens Minma
Zet he pont p be s o ocales
On he SCYcem had fAa palk difenen
rem
d
p and orjle =o , Then
fh above

a Sin 9 =
cam diude he sl is indo o
e
We

hawt AC
AC and cR Ther e paln devent
pan

A nd
be n ha oave lelo rem
Smalar /Corejpondins 5
ana
eve
is
Poit 1heupjpen hol Ae,
 23)
o1nt

owe
palhL dfeenied AHenee 1he
halves each he

point P alsm5 poSite phases Thj

ntendene
desruetve ly Pr od u e c

Ca m u n i wm

Thus ondihon drs dask g

second
Sdari7, Cnd h en dr
be
a Sin O
2

ondidon nh donk
he
rinje Can be

a. Sin n n '3
direch s
The on

9n eSin On

As 2 e a , Sa S.n On O
e condany
oshon p S calee
ponA
S p pS

Sin 0,
Lhen O, h a =
Zx
divedc he sli t ndo 1fhrce ep
We
Pa h The behs een hs.
par d enct

C n pons
copo n
. Jhe
Th welet , re m he
Hoswe
Pons Codtnter fenu deshruchvel.
 WESTioN
NBANK C

TR MnoHUR N
WAVE OPTIcS PHYSICSs .
SHORT NSER QuESTI orl
)Stal gen prini ple
2 ohat ill e he cet 1hintele ron
aoung'slouble
epamet

a) he monochromatic Sontre s Jeplacd

mohen monoch romalu
b
s henter savelcng h
he SCYcem
hno vcd
yrem
b) ho ss
he plane d
3) 9tale 1he COmd i h ons hc h inust e
Sahsficd fo hoo ight
Cohencnt O
Lawe lemgh 6ooo A propega
)) 2igt
jelsPantly efleetcd r
Sufee sede How Co. he
he
aveleng hs
nd uen Cies
neflecked and aefracfed eig 6e
aifected tndec
he Veulue aractve inedco
Chat
5)
5)
medi wm plarsipy ngle 6o
ANSSERRuESIONLS
Dedue the a neflechon he

basiS fhayjens wC fhea

deavc SnetU's
) Drinc Dle

Ja afrchi
3) Dere am
CocDrcSS jn

PadA
Pan fevene
e ren¢
double shit Cepcr1ment and
dn oung fr consruc tive and
mi
obtain cond1 h in s and

leruchve htafencn e af p o i n t on 0
Con Ale And The cotpresSrem f r dring d.
 he Coavelci3
rem he hird pant P)
slit Connbwe /
o m in
Smi intentil
Scconday maolimum The
n knsy m aaimum mic h less
han had Cenh mwcimurm
Thas Con dihon
r s t second
mimum
asino = A

n di hen r s e o nd
Simden1 he
Secmdny mvC 1 m m

aSin 9
o n d i h e mhem 2 Se co nndnL

mli mu Cam as

a sih n
(an 12
7h d cch ens Secondan m s t ma

)
SO 2n4
2
Th nton s/ naoljmn
dec n

Jntom s distr behon

bednwen
e Plt
Plot a
qtap h
n tomsth c masi má

jainst
a gle , w.

Shs e n in
mas mum d
h s C

Incid e t hH
drec h (9=o)
c he S i c e ccnh me
khs Seco ndu deereaon5
to r n . s ik Jpas idhons
 (an >

Cnd un ma

. n
(4)
tensi

Varah on n tomsi
ddrschon
an Single Sht
 o m tICALSS (2)

n oung double sfit eptpermcn The

slis ane Sspanaid b 02h mnm 7he SC Yeen
1 m he slik. The rng
Coidh O3 CmCaleal atu he w ewe leng/
e ljht ased n he peniment

In dongs doublc slit c p camM

liqht has 6 1 0'Hz. and
n
disten (e bcs en fhe
adacenl
O S mm 1he s
5 m Ctwaj
Chat e ione
berwe
3) hen Sunlg Inelcn c ate
al t le 3 he e fleced
nd e mplebely
Polar.ed Determ
ra chon achr
de t s ata
Ae h
1 n Jong' double Slit eocpeimert
slts O-15 nmm
inetilumnal
manochromth c Lgnt Csauelen_'l

5onm 7he SCLem

rom 1ha sls Find the starnt
econd ) brgt fringe i) dayk Jny
ren maotim uma
MuLTiPLE CHer E eS onl
n Am enq doublc slit Cocpcrmet
)
tafeyence Pentarmes n

atc hich ,
follanj c o r e ct

adrnge odTk t s l decrc0o e

b dTinge odf Loll wmireaoe

therc i l e no
ringe remln unthang ed