Clnst I:lectrostatic s

Chaphey- 1: lectoie charg ad

elecric glds.

ecte chav ge,

Co s T associare

m e me ttey due to whieh it

Prod ceS a expeiences eleehvte

av ma qmetc e

Comdnct os
Those Sabs tamees shich cadily

allous ta
Passaa elecbieiEthvou
calle conductors.

nsalaor S
TKose
Those Substamces ohe
o high
resis toan ee to ta passaga eleehr cit
calledtmsulators.
.Frichod lechviei, Cause

rams eleevos

h S T . umt d chavge is Coulob (c)

Charas 62s xlo e,
625xle
1 Coulow b

Char eleetrou,
19
- e
1 -1.6 x lo C
16
62S x1o

dex
oies chav ges a
AJ:k: 9 mean Sstem.

Consists
d charaas , »NV,-
total chov d Suste illbe
Sashe
.

*V
. .

uantiaatio, meaS chargeS

as
discrele aunot CotinuonS,
chaga ou a
bedq; =tme
u n =
1, 2,3.
 ConseT Vatio cho
otal choraa iselated
Cous e ee
ala
Coloms Law,
aleeostatie ovce etee
oortioa
is erl
buooi* eor Rei miagmitade
to th Produe
rorhiomal
ad Selu
eho s
oges
et
tt di¢tanice
Aa
to
Cemtmes.

, f k

asslute r it ce
-12
8 . 8S u19 x10
N-i
absoluhe e r t i t medium
. in
 ,
o « o kvdk

mede
aus also
no as dided

Coustaut

1 1 Coulomb 1c is trat
chon cohiek

Che laced 1 om e
Vacou
a silo char
eelt wit x o N.

Coulomb's Las im Veetov T

F

F2 Fovee o o
v

Fovee On da to

n i tunt eehor poit , to

unit e e t o Foi ,
 Frow CouloBs law,

F 2
12

Salu -

Fad F 21
ean a

F2-F

Co also be Cote aS

21

ON V2
2

N
-,)
Not i
flecvertteorisa CoSevo
orce.e., Cork
Aoey elechvorh.
a
closepat is ero

ectros tatic orce is a Cetra

eCe, i.e., it acs alowe

oininC Cetes tuso chors

Suepos:ion vinee oree

dne mult) chorrcas ON
Ttotal orce
a co is eaal

to vectoy Su
oes by all
x
oRer charges
on t chore

FF+R, t. +F
 N

leevo shatic ore dne o Cotimuous

to
N
dis:buton
ehorge
T Coniuos coro
cha

elistributiom a
Sse
t charae s
+
uniemu distipuhed Oe

CodnetoY
Linear chaTQe disEputou +
is ni
Cohen char
s t b t e Ove t
toY.
+

F
usto
 nea ohon dausi
disti batiou
Sudoce olra
Cohon charoR nilol
AisribaA ove T Suoce Codnchor

suae
Sua cho oedensi

.Volume chorae dsbmtio

Csen t diaroe is t bubed

OwY a volu Cocov

ehadansit
 day Rv
eeoie eld:
t t seee ha
shich

traeou sio
Qorce

+N
E

Vecroy
MLT-

EtechietelQ dne to poit cha

chae
F N
 E
tevs osihiow e .,

Prpertes elee ield ins.,

chonroy an

COwards
da
e s e r eheTrd
S ace OYnollu

Etetrieda isise Conuaoy

is
T maver iterseet eech
 leete dpole:
Sse Auo o
ame orsihe Ritehorges seperod
Small omce.

Cleatie dol ome

&eee eleeie dpole:

E
) Axta P
O-
A
---
2a
Let, E: Electrie Qe«lA
t s t y at P d to y

Electi
to

B Resulton eleeeeld itest t .

A
 aloneB

E IE,) -1

Cz-ay Cxroy

dole is
shot(e>>ad
.1, 2
 2

Eisolone a dgole

( aatoria

S
28 Cos

EsiO
ec
2a

Le 4 PAB= 2°BA 6

AP B3P

E . AP urf,

E Cx)
 E E : E :

t s o Cooret Electvieield
onosit dir
Esi au Esi a

ou eath olha a
ha x Cancel

Sice ta too to ponts elche

ECos Cos 9 ave
ield ECose
Sare direct, emce2

E 2E Cos
ro t diagva, Cos A

2 xa

E P_
 2 a , id.l iole
.E P

M,

Ee
-ve pee c a S e tdi. E

ToTane on an elecic pole

plasei a UniXosm eleatieida

FE

F- -y
 These two eamal a uwikeadld
ores Coustuea Cou cohieh

Tetaes te dole clockwise di

teokino alia t diele alo

din iel A T maamituda o

tova is i by
TovA T
Tovae, Fove x ard
Cople
T F x BC
F (2aSi
2V E Si~s FF
T Esi 20ayP
 o , T :o
Stable ea brium

3o, z:p¬
Mar
kora uns ra ble

0 -iro, : o
Ustable eq bium
9 270°, Ta-þE
Miu tova,ustable

Electvic luc
etechrieuz is
ah eleetrie
iel & ike
Oea t t ield
 Eleetielur =E.A
E ACos

Fov
Fov avm ivreaor a d nou- u o

elecrvie

E
ElA ase
Fov ww elehric iel ad
ele Suace
edA Coso
E

E
E
A

Elecic & aclosed Surace

5
 Ce no
rous, EA Cos G
Fe , EA los 18o
,
-EA

Siilav
o tn areus, 6 A los 90° = o

EA os o EA

Pes
A
.

Tol, f Pe+PE.t
PeP
EA +0 EA +0 0 0

' F l u r rogha closesuace

placed ' a unk eleeieil
s
aauss Theorem
T electe lux k ked ,
a kept i
clesed Suace umer a

elechie eld s times th

euclosed b e Suace.

Also

E.
E.
Proo anss- orem

oe knos
E ds

Eds

L.h.S 6.As

(A
L (uz
R.M.s
Deduce Coulomb's lausro aauss
Cnausss
Theorem

O
E a s ae +Cy
Same dir

eds
lE

E ds

E (MT
.
,E ,
CA
cho
. y. is laced o a
Cena Ebeing calalatd, t
 hich is Coulos law

aau ssian Suace:

oRetie s
is close m al sids
E ad 9is S ymmeical at
eer

Man be Combinario Ove

SurCce

e.ds
Alicao hauss heorem
Elecic ielddue to aunijosal

ehogedispreical shl
here, Rraddius
shevi cal
shell
gasia
Todius o.v.t Su
aauss iau

Sur cce

maqwiFude E s Same
ott
a all poits o aussicA Suce
au alse to ang bet E a d
RrO at
af
alpoi o aaussia
assia
Sa ce,

Telechvieuoe5ipessinq
gassiosSia Suce i

Ed
Eds Exlurv)