ĐỀ LUYỆN 04

A. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (50 points)

Part 1: Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and
write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
1. The _______ of gases from car exhausts is one of the main causes of air pollution.
A. magnitude B. vibration C. emission D. degradation
2. The criminal _______ guilty by the jury, and the judge sentenced him to nine years in
prison.
A. found B. was found C. is found D. had found
3. Contact sports, like American football, require athletes to wear protective _______ to
prevent injury.
A. trophy B. gear C. uniform D. costume
4. After thanking everyone for their moral support, the now aged actress went on _______
the most significant moments of her bright career.
A. having recounted B. to recount C. to have recounted D. recounting
5. Getting a forest fire under control is a _______ task.
A. daunting B. heavy C. scared D. urgent
6. Taking out a short-term loan is a _______ feasible solution to the company’s cash flow
problems.
A. greatly B. fully C. perfectly D. extremely
7. Could I have a sip of your water just to _______ my thirst?
A. mitigate B. quench C. gratify D. exacerbate
8. I’ve been racking my _______ to remember that man’s name but it still won’t come.
A. mind B. thoughts C. brain D. ideas
9. Jo _______ some interesting proposals at the meeting this morning.
A. put back B. put away C. put up D. put forward
10. The situation is out of control, and ______ action needs to be taken immediately.
 A. dramatic B. drastic C. caustic D. gigantic
11. You should bear in mind that children of tender years are notoriously _______.
A. impressive B. impervious C. impersonal D. impressionable
12. She was given permission to hand in her thesis late on medical _______.
A. principles B. motives C. grounds D. excuses
13. We are totally _______ any changes being made in the proposals as they stand.
A. disapproved of B. opposed to C. objected to D. disagreed with
14. Paul’s a useful person in an emergency - _______ and decisive.
A. easy-going B. well-behaved C. hard-working D. level-headed
15. They sacked the head of marketing because he was ________ inefficient.
A. hopelessly B. deadly C. relatively D. moderately
16. From the top of the hill the village looks quite close, but distances are _______.
A. deceptive B. deceitful C. illusory D. false
17. She was extremely successful in her career, but it was _______ of her marriage.
A. no end B. at the expense C. in the hope D. a means to an end
18. He was so _______ on his work that he lost all track of time.
A. intent B. intentional C. intense D. intensive
19. The company made a good profit in its first year but now it's over 10 thousand pounds
in the _______.
A. red B. black C. pink D. green
20. The film is _______ released at the end of next year.
A. on the verge of being B. on the point of being
C. due to be D. about to be
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Part 2: Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and
write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at
the beginning. (10 points)
LINE A MODERN-DAY PROBLEM
1 In the hustle and bustle of today’s hectic world, all of us, without exception,
2 has to contend with some level of stress. Obviously, the source and amount of
3 stress are relatively to the individual. Just as causes and quantities of stress are
4 subject to personal factors, so is the way in that a person deals with them. It is a
5 well-known fact that some people flourish when faced with a potentially stress-
6 causing task or situation. On another hand, the majority of people are adversely
7 affected when confront with a serious dilemma. Abnormal levels of stress can be a
8 serious healthy hazard and may prove detrimental to one’s physical health. Stress
9 is said to be the culprit in a high percent of heart problems and stomach disorders.
10 Even certain types of cancer are, reportedly, linked to stress. Knowing that stress is
11 a modern-day malady which we all, in a greater or lesser extent, suffer from, has
12 prompted many people to begin looking seriously at ways of controlling stress.
13 Due to the inevitable factor that stress will always play a part in our lives, it is of
14 paramount important that strategies of stress management be found.
15
Your answers:
Line Mistake Correction
0. 2 has have
1.
2.
3.
 4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
.

Part 3: Complete each sentence with one suitable particle or preposition. Write your
answer in the box provided. (10 points)
1. Paul feels very relaxed __________________ the job interview.
2. I didn’t want to go to the match but Joe talked me ________ it. MU is not my favorite
team.
3. They were suspicious ___________ strangers so they kept following us around and
watching what we were doing.
4. I’ve known her __________ sight for a long time, but I haven’t been introduced to her
yet.
5. Uncle Tom is now a famous writer, but he used to work ____________ television.
6. There can be no excuse ____________ such rude behavior.
7. A lot of young children are completely hooked ___________ mobile phones today.
8. They were very kind. They put me ___________ until I found a place of my own.
9. I never thought Paul would go back _____________ his promise.
10. If you can bear ____________ me a little longer, I'll give you all the information
together.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 4: Read the text and fill in each gap with the correct form of the word given in
brackets. Write your answers in the spaces provided. (10 points)
Vitamin Pills
In the fight to stay healthy, the vitamin pill is seen by many as a great ally. Whereas once
upon a time a small (1)___________________ (SELECT) of vitamin bottles could be
found reaching their expiry dates in the dusty corner of a chemist’s shelf, the market is now
a hugely (2)___________________ (PROFIT) one for the pharmaceutical industry.
Interestingly enough, as world obesity rates rise, so does our (3)___________________
(CONSUME) of these dietary supplements as more and more shoppers regard them as an
absolutely (4)___________________ (VALUE) part of their daily nutritional intake. The
vast range of vitamins means that they are used for numerous reasons, common ones being
for the (5)___________________ (GENERATE) of skin cells, as natural aids to digestion,
cures for (6)___________________ (SLEEP) and for stress-related symptoms such as
headaches, (7)___________________ (IRRITATE) and depression. However, vitamin
manufacturers are (8)___________________ (INCREASE) coming under attack for
making (9)___________________ (REAL) claims about their products. Can the right mix
of vitamins really help you (10)___________________ (LIVE) your contemporaries and
reach great old age? There is no scientific evidence to support this.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

B. READING (50 points)

Part 1: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits
each gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
Since retail sales of our new product line have fallen (1) _____ in the last few weeks, we
are going to ask our customers to complete feedback forms to see why this is happening.
I’d particularly like to know if our marketing (2) _____ has been alienating our (3) _____
customers. In all (4) _____ , it is the result of a general economic dip but we need to make
sure as several customers have (5) _____ objections about the (6) _____ campaign we’ve
been running. (7) _____ mind that the campaign has been successful in attracting new
customers, I do not want to lose long-term ones, some of whom I am (8) _____ certain are
already looking for alternative products. In fact, social media these days can (9) _____ a
great risk to a company’s reputation as it is very easy for one person (10) _____themself,
to tell the world about a company’s failings.
1 A. relatively B. fairly C. slightly D. reasonably
2 A. placement B. technique C. launch D. strategy
3 A. loyal B. devoted C. dependable D. responsible
4 A. possibility B. likelihood C. prospects D. luck
5 A. put B. posed C. raised D. realised
6 A. advertising B. promoting C. selling D. publicising
7 A. Don’t B. Never C. Forever D. Doesn’t
8 A. adequately B. effectively C. pretty D. greatly
9 A. give B. pose C. make D. offer
10 A. as B. for C. by D. with
Your answer:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2: Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write
your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (15points)
Simply Entertainment?
Many youngsters (0) these days easily devote more time to the box than they
(1)______________ to any other form of entertainment. Each year children read less and
less and watch television more and more. In fact, a typical child sits through an average of
about four hours of TV viewing a day. They spend more time on this form of
entertainment (2)______________ they spend talking to parents, playing with friends,
attending school or reading books.
According to a recent study, sixty-two percent of television programmes contain scenes of
violence. It would be logical then to assume that watching a steady flow of violent images
on screen cannot (3)______________ seen simply as entertainment. The bright colours,
quick movements and sudden flashes will always capture a child’s attention and there are
certainly very (4)______________ children who find television totally uninteresting.
If we listen to the experts, it seems that viewing large amounts of TV violence does not
necessarily cause a child to act in a violent (5)______________, but can lead to the view
that violence (6)______________ acceptable in everyday life, as well as possibly creating
a fear of being attacked on the streets.
With governments finally (7)______________ measures to improve the quality of
children’s TV, parents must now become aware that (8)______________ many hours of
viewing can have serious effects (9)______________ a child’s behavior and attitude.
Obviously, turning off the set (10)______________ be the best solution in the end.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the
following questions. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
(10points)
HOW MEMORY WORKS
Memory is the brain's ability to store and retrieve information related to previous
experiences. Memory occurs in two stages: short-term and long-term. Short-term memory
reflects an immediate sensory perception of an object or idea that occurs before the image
is stored. Short-term memory enables you to dial a telephone number after looking it up
but without looking at the number directly. If you call the number frequently, it becomes
stored in long-term memory and can be recalled several weeks after you originally looked
it up. Short-term memory and long-term memory can be thought of as memory structures,
each varying as to how much information it can hold and for how long.
Memory relies on the ability to process information. Information processing begins with
the environmental stimuli that you see, hear, smell, taste, and feel. These experiences are
initially recorded in the brain's sensory register, which holds information just long enough
(one to three seconds) for you to decide whether to process it further. Information that you
do not selectively attend to will disappear from the system. However, if you recognise and
attend to the information as meaningful or relevant, it is sent to short-term memory. Short-
term memory can hold approximately seven unrelated bits of information at a time.
Short-term memory is often called working memory because it holds information that you
are working with at a given moment, but only for about 20 seconds. Then, unless the
information is processed further, it is quickly forgotten. For example, if you were asked to
dial an unfamiliar telephone number, received a busy signal, and were then distracted by
something else for 20 seconds, you probably would have forgotten the number at that
point. Unless information in short-term memory is processed further, it does not make it to
long-term memory.
Several control processes enable the transfer of information from short-term to long-term
memory. One such process is rehearsal, or "practice makes perfect." Rehearsal is when you
repeat something to yourself over and over. The purpose behind such behaviour is usually
to memorise information for later use, although sometimes it is simply to hold information
in short-term memory for immediate use. For example, you may rehearse a telephone
number by saying it aloud so you can redial it after getting a busy signal without having to
look it up again in the phone book. Another process that enables the transfer of information
to long-term memory is the association of new data with data previously learned and stored
in long-term memory. Thus, it is easier to learn a new card game if you already have "card
sense" from playing other games.
For cognitive psychologists, long-term memory is the most interesting of the memory
structures, and most believe that the storage capacity of long-term memory is unlimited
and contains a permanent record of everything you have learned. Long-term memory plays
an influential role throughout the information processing system. The interests, attitudes,
skills, and knowledge of the world existing in your long-term memory influence what you
perceive and how you interpret your perceptions. They also affect whether you process
information for short-term or long-term storage.
One way of understanding the nature of long-term memory is to consider the types of
information stored there. Long-term memory can hold recollections of personal
experiences as well as factual knowledge acquired through other means such as reading. It
also holds skills such as knowing how to ride a bicycle. In its ability to learn and
remember, the brain can distinguish between facts and skills. When you acquire factual
knowledge by memorising dates, word definitions, formulas, and other information, you
can consciously retrieve this fact memory from the data bank of your long-term memory.
In contrast, skill memory usually involves motor activities that you learn by repetition
without consciously remembering specific information. You perform learned motor-
skilled, such as walking or riding a bicycle, without consciously recalling the individual
steps required to do these tasks.
1. According to the passage, what must happen before information can be stored in
memory?
A. The information must be pleasant. B. An object or idea must be perceived.
C. An older memory must be replaced. D. The information must be looked up.
2. The passage states that one difference between short-term memory and long-term
memory is
A. the type of information they store. B. their importance in learning
C. the amount of information they hold D. their location in the brain
3. The phrase attend to in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. reject B. focus on C. talk about D. wait for
4. It can be inferred from par.2 that something is NOT likely to be remembered if it is
A. not considered important B. painful or embarrassing
C. related to previous experience D. sent to short-term memory
5. The passage states that information can be lost from short-term memory when a person
A. does not know how to read B. repeats the information over and over
C. processes the information further D. is distracted for 20 seconds
6. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence in paragraph 4? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways
or leave out essential information.
A. Usually information is rehearsed so it can be used later, but sometimes it is
rehearsed so it can be used right away.
B. There are several reasons for memorising information; the most common reason is
to improve short-term memory.
C. The belief that "practice makes perfect" causes people to repeat certain behaviour
even when the behaviour is very complex.
D. It is fairly simple to keep information in short-term memory, but it is difficult to
send it to long-term memory.
7. Why does the author mention "card sense" in paragraph 4?
A. To point out that playing cards requires a high level of thinking
B. To give an example of knowledge already stored in long-term memory
C. To compare learning a card game to remembering a telephone number
 D. To explain why some card games are easier to learn than others.
8. The word they in paragraph 5 refers to
A. cognitive psychologists
B. memory structures
C. interests, attitudes, skills and knowledge of the world
D. what you perceive and how you interpret your perceptions
9. All of the following enhance the transfer of information from short-term to long-term
memory EXCEPT
A. deciding that information is not meaningful or relevant
B. repeating information over and over to oneself
C. linking new information with data in long-term memory
D. performing a task frequently and repeatedly
10. What can be inferred from paragraph 6 about skill memory?
A. It is more important than fact memory in everyday life.
B. It exists in long-term memory because of repeated practice.
C. It requires conscious effort to be retrieved from memory.
D. It contains only the skills that people can perform well.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

C. WRITING (50 points)

Part 1: Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the
same. You must use between TWO and SIX words, including the word given. (10
points)
1. Although I had imagined my parachute jump would terrify me, it was actually quite
exciting. BEING
Far __________________________________________ experience I had imagined, my
parachute jump was actually quite exciting.
2. They’ve made a decision about the new site for the supermarket. REGARD
A decision _______________________________________ the new site for the
supermarket.
3. The medicine may not be pleasant tasting, but you must take it anyway. HOW
You must take the medicine _______________________________________ taste.
4. I can’t believe how quickly you have reached the top position in the company. RANKS
It’s incredible how fast you ____________________________________________ of the
company.
5. Did anything about his behaviour seem unusual to you? STRIKE
Did anything about his behaviour ________________________________ unusual?
Part 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as
the sentence printed before it, beginning as shown. (10 points)
1. Tony was given a transfer by his superior, not a promotion.
What _____________________________________________________________
2. When he was younger, he was in the habit of staying up very late.
When he was younger, _______________________________________________
3. Let’s get down to work because as soon as we finish this we can all go home.
Let’s get down to work because ________________________________________
4. You must not permit members of the audience to enter the dressing rooms of performers.
Under ____________________________________________________________
5. I would never have finished the assignments without your contribution.
But for __________________________________________________________
Part 3: Write an essay of about 250 words on the following topic. (30points)
The state of the environment is now a cause for concern in all countries across the
world. Apart from government measures and policies, what can individuals do on a
 personal level to combat the negative effects that our lifestyles have on the
environment?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
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