EXPERIMENT NO:4

DETERMINATION OF ALKALINITY OF WATER SAMPLES

AIM:

To determine the nature and extent of the Alkalinity present in the water sample A & B.
A solution of 0.1N hydrochloric acid is provided for the titration.

Titration- 1 Titration- 2
Burette Solution Standard HCl Standard HCl
Pipette Solution 20 ml of Water sample A 20 ml of Water sample B
Additional reagents ------------ --------------
Indicator Few drops of Few drops of Few drops of Few drops of
Phenolphthalein Methyl orange Phenolphthalein Methyl orange
solution solution solution solution
Endpoint Appearance of pink Colour change Disappearance of Colour change
colour from yellow to pink colour from yellow to red-
red-orange orange
Required Apparatus 50 ml Burette, 20 ml pipette, 250 ml Conical Flask, Funnel.

Table -1
Results of titration to Hydroxide Carbonate Bicarbonate Nature of
Phenolphthalein(P) OH- CO32- HCO3- Alkalinity
and
MethylOrange(M)
end point.
P=0 M
0 0 Only HCO3-
2P
P = 1/2M 0 0 Only CO32-

M
P=M 0 0 Only OH-
 2P- M
P > 1/2 M 2(M – P) 0 OH- & CO32-

0 CO3-& HCO3-
P< 1/2 M 2P M-2P

Titration:- Water sample vs Std HCl

(Indicators: Phenolphthalein & Methyl orange)

Sample Volume of water Burette reading (ml)

No. sample (ml) Initial Phenolphthalin Methyl Concordant
reading end point organge end value (ml)
point
20 0
1
20 0

2 20 0

20 0

Calculation
Sample A: Determination of Phenolphthalein alkalinity

Volume of hydrochloric acid = -----ml

Strength of hydrochloric acid = 0.1 N
Volume of water sample = 20 ml
Strength of water sample = N2 = V1N2/V2 = (---- x 0.1) / 20 = --------N
Phenolphalein alkalinity = N2 x 50 x 1000 ppm

Sample A: Determination of Methyl orange alkalinity

Volume of hydrochloric acid = -----ml

Strength of hydrochloric acid = 0.1 N
Volume of water sample = 20 ml
Strength of water sample = N2 = V1N2/V2 = (---- x 0.1) / 20 = --------N
Methyl orange alkalinity = N2 x 50 x 1000 ppm
(The hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinities are calculated using the table-I.)

Sample B: Determination of Phenolphalein alkalinity

Volume of hydrochloric acid = -----ml

Strength of hydrochloric acid = 0.1 N
Volume of water sample = 20 ml
Strength of water sample = N2 = V1N2/V2 = (---- x 0.1) / 20 = --------N
Phenolphalein alkalinity = N2 x 50 x 1000 ppm

Sample B: Determination of Methyl orange alkalinity

Volume of hydrochloric acid = -----ml

Strength of hydrochloric acid = 0.1 N
Volume of water sample = 20 ml
Strength of water sample = N2 = V1N2/V2 = (---- x 0.1) / 20 = --------N
Methyl orange alkalinity = N2 x 50 x 1000 ppm

(The hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinities are calculated using the table-I.)

Result:
ALKALINITIES Sample A Sample B
Methyl orange alkalinity

Phenolphthalein alkalinity

Hydroxide alkalinity

Carbonate alkalinity

Bicarbonate alkalinity