3D - Geometry

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 1. Direction Cosines of a Line (DC’s)
3D - Geometry
The direction cosines are generally denoted by l, m, n.

Hence, l = cos ⍺, m = cos β,

n = cos γ
Note that l2 + m2 + n2 = 1

3. Equation of a Line
2. Direction Ratios of a Line (DR’s)
1. Equation of a line through a given point with
Any three numbers a, b and c proportional to the position vector and parallel to a given vector :
direction cosines l, m and n, respectively are called In vector form,
direction ratios of the line. In cartesian form,
● The direction ratios of a line passing through
two points P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) are
(x2 - x1), (y2 - y1), (z2 - z1) where,
Here, a, b, c are also the direction ratios of the line
● 2. Equation of a line passing through two given
points with position vectors
● In vector form,
In cartesian form,
 4. Angle between Two Lines 3D - Geometry 5. Shortest Distance between Two Lines
In vector form, 1. Distance between Parallel Lines
The angle between two lines The shortest distance parallel lines

2. Distance between Two Skew Lines

In cartesian form, In vector form,
The angle between two lines: The distance between two skew lines

In cartesian form,
The distance between two skew lines

cos θ = |l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2|

● If two lines are perpendicular, then

● If two lines are parallel, then

 Types of Problems

Type 1
Shortest distance between two lines
A 8

B 7

C 6

D 9
A 8

B 7

C 6

D 9
Solution
Solution
If the shortest distance between the lines

and then the integral value of a is equal to

___________.
If the shortest distance between the lines

and then the integral value of a is equal to

___________.
Correct answer is 2
Solution
 Types of Problems

Type 2
Intersection of two lines and angle
between them
Correct answer is 18
Solution
Solution
Solution
A 9

B √74

C √69

D √54
A 9

B √74

C √69

D √54
Solution
Solution
 Types of Problems

Type 3
Image of Point & Foot of
Perpendicular from point
A

D
A

D
Solution
Solution
Correct answer is 4
Solution
 3D - Geometry

All 2023 PYQ in CBT and PDF Format

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