Appendix

Table A.1 Reviewed Literature.

Economic sectors
Proposed
Economic Circularity challenges Methods Indicators
EU Implementatio Specializat model
N. References Sector Industry
country n level ion
Classification
Converting
Strazza et Agri/Food food waste Feed Converting food waste from cruise Assessment Life Cycle
1 Meso
al. (2015) [A/F] from cruise production ships into feed. Framework Assessment (LCA)
ships into feed.
Product Recycling Proposal of a
Di Maio and Materials and Circular Economy
2 UE Micro circularity car Product circularity assessment. circularity
Rem (2015) Fuels [MF] Index (CEI)
assessment. materials indicator
Resource
efficiency
assessment and
Plastic Resource efficiency assessment and Proposal of a
Huysman et Materials and its Recyclability
3 Belgium Micro waste its implementation in European recycling LCA
al. (2015) Fuels [MF] implementation Benefit Rate (RBR)
recycling product policies. indicator
in European
product
policies.
Environmental
impact
Husgafvel et Materials and Symbiosis Environmental impact assessment to Assessment
4 Finland Meso assessment for LCA
al. (2016) Fuels [MF] products produce a symbiotic product. Framework
a symbiotic
product.
LCA; Material
Construction Environmental
Jiménez- Micro/ Gypsum Flow Analysis
and impacts of Environmental impacts of Assessment
5 Rivero et al. Meso (Supply plasterboar (MFA);
Infrastructure plasterboard plasterboard recycling. Framework
(2016) Chain) d Life cycle
[CI] recycling.
inventory (LCI)
Industrial
Daddi et al. Goods and Symbiosis (IS) Tannery Industrial Symbiosis (IS) in a cluster Assessment
6 Italy Meso LCA
(2017) Services [GS] in a cluster of cluster of SMEs. Framework
SMEs.
Proposal of a
Construction planning Frame
LCA; Synthetic Economic
Fregonara et and methodology to window; Proposal of a planning methodology Monetary
7 Micro Life Cycle Costing Environmental
al. (2017) Infrastructure support Decision- to support decision makers. measurement
(LCC) Indicator
[CI] decisionmakers makers
.
 Economic sectors
Proposed
Economic Circularity challenges Methods Indicators
EU Implementatio Specializat model
N. References Sector Industry
country n level ion
Classification
Post- LCA;
Circular industrial Cumulative Exergy
Impact
Huysman et Belgium; Materials and efficiency of plastic Circular efficiency of alternative Extraction from the CE Performance
8 Micro assessment
al. (2017) England Fuels [MF] plastic waste waste; plastic waste treatments. Natural Indicator (CEPI)
method
treatments. Decision- Environment
makers (CEENE)
Waste
Hutner et al. Societal Waste Avoid negative externalities thanks Assessment LCA (Midpoint
9 Macro Manageme
(2018) Services [SS] prevention. to waste prevention. Framework impact categories)
nt
Energy
Optimal life of saving LCA;
Richter et Sweden, Goods and Determine the optimal life of energy Assessment
10 Micro energy saving lamp Life-Cycle
al. (2018) Denmark Services [GS] saving lamps. Framework
lamps. manufactur Costing (LCC)
ers
Maynard
Capital Optimal Evaluation of
Vanegas et LCD- Optimal calculation of the time and Operating ease of Disassembly
11 Spain Micro Equipment product products
al. (2018) Monitor ease of product disassembly. Sequencing Metric (eDiM)
[CE] disassembly. disassembly
technique (MOST)
Passive
Kaddoura et Goods and Durability of Solutions to increase the longevity of Assessment
12 Micro Durable LCA; LCC
al.(2019) Services [GS] products. the products. Framework
Products
Environmental
impacts of used
Electronics Environmental impacts of used
André et al. Goods and electronic Assessment
13 Micro and electronic equipment, and its LCA
(2019) Services [GS] equipment, and Framework
Appliances commercial reuse.
its commercial
reuse.
Environmental
aspects
connected to a Assessment of the environmental
Fashion
Bech et al. Goods and Use-oriented aspects connected to a Use-oriented Assessment
14 Micro and LCA
(2019) Services [GS] product- product-business model in the Framework
Textiles
business model textiles industry.
in the textiles
industry.
Construction Cost-benefit
Cervo et al. and Removal of IS Industrial Assessment and removal of barriers Multidisciplinar analysis (CBA);
15 Meso
(2019) Infrastructure barriers clusters hindering the IS y approach LCA; SWOT
[CI] Analysis
Scarpellini Societal CE Whole Assessment of CE implementation at Qualitative
16 Spain Macro Descriptive
et al. (2019) Services [SS] implementation society at regional level research
 Economic sectors
Proposed
Economic Circularity challenges Methods Indicators
EU Implementatio Specializat model
N. References Sector Industry
country n level ion
Classification
at regional regional
level level
Transformation
Micro/ of a textile fiber
Gigli et al. Materials and End-of-life Transformation of a textile fiber into Assessment
17 Italy Meso (Supply into a LCA; CBA
(2019) Fuels [MF] vehicles a secondary material. Framework
Chain) secondary
material.
Sustainability
Micro/ Raspberry LCA; LCC;
Blanc et al. Agri/Food of bioplastics in Evaluation of sustainability of Assessment
18 Italy Meso (Supply supply Externality
(2019) [A/F] the fruit supply bioplastics in the fruit supply chain. Framework
Chain) chain Assessment (ExA)
chain.
Environmental Electrical
Capital Evaluation of the environmental
De Meester performance of and Assessment LCA; MFA;
19 Belgium Macro Equipment performance of the WEEE recycling
et al. (2019) the WEEE Electronic Framework CEENE
[CE] chain.
recycling chain. Equipment
Environmental
Wood
efficiency of Assessment of environmental
Buonocore Materials and industry Assessment
20 Italy Micro bioenergy efficiency of bioenergy generation LCA
et al. (2019) Fuels [MF] and Framework
generation from from wood waste.
forestry
wood waste.
Actions to
ensure the
recycling rates Evaluation of actions to ensure the
Warrings et Micro/ Materials and Aluminum Assessment Material Flow
21 (required by the recycling rates (required by the EU)
al. (2020) Macro Fuels [MF] packaging Framework Analysis (MFA)
EU) and the and the related economic costs.
related
economic costs.
Material circularity
Environmental performance
Evaluation of environmental
Micro/ performance of Multilevel indicator (MCPI);
Stanchev et Agri/Food Dairy performance of the anaerobic
22 England Meso (Supply anaerobic Environmental LCA; MFA Environmental
al. (2020) [A/F] Industry treatment of milk processing
Chain) treatment of Assessment circularity
effluents.
milk effluents. performance
indicator (ECPI)
Enhance
extractive Waste from Proposals to improve statistical data
Kulczycka Meso/ Societal Comparison of
23 Poland industry waste extractive platforms on extractive industry Reporting
et al. (2020) Macro Services [SS] data
statistical data industries waste.
platforms.
24 Kůdela et al. Czech Macro Societal Treatment of Municipal Design of sustainable and circular Mathematical Multi-stage
(2020) Republic Services [SS] municipal solid solid waste plants for the treatment of municipal Model stochastic
 Economic sectors
Proposed
Economic Circularity challenges Methods Indicators
EU Implementatio Specializat model
N. References Sector Industry
country n level ion
Classification
waste. solid waste. programming
Roithner
Plastic Statistical Recycling
and Societal Recycling A recycling indicator to combine
25 Macro/ micro packaging entropy perspect Effectiveness
Rechberger Services [SS] indicator quantitative and qualitative data.
recycling ive indicator (RE)
(2020)
The Multi-Sectoral
Circularity of Evaluation of the circularity of water Circularity
Nika et al. Societal Water Assessment Water Circularity
26 Macro water resources through feedback Performance
(2020) Services [SS] supply Framework Assessment
resources. mechanisms. Indicators (CPI)
(MSWCA)
PET bottle Material efficiency indicators to
Germany Material
Schmidt et Materials and waste evaluate the environmental Assessment Material efficiency
27 Austria Macro efficiency LCA; MFA
al. (2020) Fuels [MF] manageme performance of waste and PET Framework indicators
Serbia indicators.
nt recycling systems.
Plastic Mixed integer
Smart network Environmental and economic Optimization
Santander et Materials and recycling linear
28 France Macro for plastic feasibility analysis of a smart problems
al.(2020) Fuels [MF] for 3D programming
recycling. network for plastic recycling. approach
printing model (MILP)
Construction Potential Building Circularity
Micro/ Environmental resource assessment
Cottafava et and recovery of Residential Multiple case Indicator (BCI)
29 Meso (Supply and measurement of the potential
al. (2021) Infrastructure building buildings study Predictive BCI
Chain) recovery of building elements.
[CI] elements. (PBCI)
Recovery of
Ncube et al. Micro/Meso Agri/Food by-products of Wine Recovery potential of bio-products Assessment
30 Italy LCA
(2021) (Supply Chain) [A/F] wine Industry deriving from winery waste. Framework
processing.
Shadow pricing
Ghafourian Societal Freshwater Touristic Determine a daily water balance Assessment
31 Greece Micro Life cycle cost-
et al.(2022) Services [SS] savings facilities model for freshwater savings Framework
benefit (SLCCB)
A CE Water and
Salminen et Societal perspective for water- A CE understanding for a smart Qualitative
32 Finland Macro Interviews
al. (2022) Services [SS] smart water related water method
management ecosystems
Ecological Evaluation of the environmental
Abbate et al. Micro/Meso Agri/Food impacts of the Egg impacts involved in the egg supply Assessment
33 Italy LCA
(2023) (Supply Chain) [A/F] egg supply industry chain and initiatives aimed at their Framework
chain. reduction.
A mass
Escriba- circularity
Agri/Food A mass circularity indicator (MCI) Assessment
34 Gelonch et Micro indicator (MCI) Fertilizers LCA MCI
[A/F] for agricultural cultivation Framework
al.(2023) for agricultural
cultivation
 Fig. 4. Analysis of assessment methods in CE implementation
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

LCC

MFA
Methodology

Qualitative

Multi-stage stochastic programming

CEENE

MILP

RBR

CEPI
Indicator

CPI

ECPI

RE
Approach of modeling

Accountig

Case Study

Compare products

Mathematical Framework

Multi-sectoral analysis

Raw Materials
Level of circularity

Production Remanufacturing

Consumption, use, reuse, repair

Recycling