Department of Education

National Capital Region

8 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE

MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1
The Particle Nature Of Matter

Imelda N. Del Rosario

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind to help you master the
Particle Nature of Matter. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course.

After going through this module, you should be able to explain the properties
of solids, liquids, and gases based on the particle nature of matter. S8MT-IIa-b-8

Specifically, you are expected to:

 identify and describe the classification of matter based on its:
a. physical state (solids, liquids, and gases);
b. composition (element, compound, and mixture) and
 differentiate the structure of solids, liquids, and gases based on its:
a. shape and molecular arrangement;
b. mass and volume;
c. movement of molecules;
d. boiling point and melting point; and
e. density and specific gravity.

What I Know

Read each question carefully and encircle only the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following would NOT be classified as matter?

A. heat B. smoke C. soil D. water

2. Which of the following is NOT true about matter?

A. Matter is made up of tiny particles.
B. Matter can have different properties.
C. Matter is anything that has weight and mass.
D. Matter is everything around us that has mass and volume.

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3. Which of the following best describes why you can compress a gas easily but
not a liquid?
A. Gas will expand to fill its container, while liquid particles are more loosely
packed than gas so it is much harder to compressed them.
B. The particles in a gas have very large spaces between them, while liquids
have very small spaces between the particles and so it is much harder to
compress them.
C. The interparticle spaces of gas are very small between them, while liquids
have very large spaces between the particles and so it is much harder to
compress them.
D. The particles in a gas have very strong forces of attraction between them
while liquids have fixed arrangement and they have strong forces holding
them together, so the shape will remain fixed.

4. When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be

separated by physical means, the result is a(n) _____.
A. element C. mixture
B. compound D. solution

5. A small amount of salt was poured into water and stirred thoroughly to mix it
evenly in water. What do you call the resulting liquid?
A. element C. chemical change
B. compound D. homogenous mixture

6. What would 354 mL written on the label of an evaporated milk be classified as?
A. density B. mass C. volume D. weight

7. This state of matter has a definite volume and takes the shape of a container.
A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid

8. Why do ice float on water?

A. because ice is lighter than water
B. because ice is denser than water
C. because ice is heavier than water
D. because ice is less dense than water

9. Which is TRUE about the forces of attraction between the particles of the three
states of matter?
A. Gas has very strong interparticle forces of attraction.
B. Solid has very weak interparticle forces of attraction.
C. Same as gas, liquid has very weak interparticle forces of attraction.
D. Among the three states of matter, solid has very strong interparticle forces
of attraction.

10. What similarities do you observe from the given sample? Carbon, Gold,
Mercury, and Oxygen.
A. All samples are gases. C. All samples are elements.
B. All samples are solids. D. All samples are compounds.

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Lesson THE PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER

Matter is everything that takes up space and has measurable mass. All matter
is made up of tiny particles called atoms that are constantly moving because these
particles attract each other.

What’s In
Since matter can be found everywhere, they can be in the form of solid, liquid,
and gas.

In this activity, you will use what you have learned from your previous grade to
identify matter from those which are not matter. Put a check (✓) under the
appropriate column on the table below.

Sample Matter Non-Matter

Water
Smoke
Stone
Heat
Light

What’s New

Match each term in Column A with the best descriptor in Column B. Write only
the letter of your choice before each number. Each descriptor may be used only once.

Column A Column B
1. Matter A. are substances made from atoms of different
elements joined by chemical bonds.
2. Mass B. have definite shape and volume because the
particles are closely together in fixed positions
C. is the physical combination of two or more
3. Volume substances in which the identities are retained and
are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions,
and colloids
4. Density D. can flow out of a container and can be poured into
another while maintaining their volume.

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 5. Element E. amount of space an object takes up.
6. Compounds F. take the shape of the container because the particles
are able to move freely to all parts of the container.
7. Mixture G. anything that has mass and volume
8. Solid H. a pure substance consists of only one type of atom.
9. Liquid I. is a measure of mass per unit of volume
10. Gas J. amount of matter in an object

What Is It

What is Matter and its natural physical state?

Matter is anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (the amount of
matter or substance that makes up an object). Matter can exist in one of the three
main states: solid, liquid, and gas. The particle model of matter as illustrated in
Figure l. describes four important aspects of matter:

 All matter is made up of particles that are incredibly small - much too small to
see with the naked eye. The particles can be atoms or combinations of atoms
that are bonded.
 There are forces between the particles.
 The particles in matter are always moving. The more energy they have, the
faster they move.
 The spaces between the particles in matter are empty. You might assume that
the spaces between particles are filled with air, but this is not the case. They
contain nothing at all.

Figure 1: The Particle Model of the Three States of Matter

Source:https://intl.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-8/particle-model-of-matter/06-particle-model-of-matter

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 Solid particles are held together by forces of
attraction. The forces between the particles are strong
enough that the particles cannot move freely but they can
only vibrate. Thus, a solid has a stable, definite shape and
a definite volume. Solids can only shape under force, as
https://www.thinglink.com/scene/707839757
165527041
when broken or cut.

Liquid is a fluid that take the shape of the

container. Liquid particles are more loosely packed than in
a solid and are able to flow around each other, giving the
liquid an indefinite shape. Therefore, liquid has a definite
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/61973759869253
6518/
volume but no definite shape.

Gas particles have a great deal of space between

https://money.cnn.com/2012/06/21/news/eco
nomy/greenhouse-gases-cut/index.htm
them and have a high kinetic energy. Gas has no definite
shape and volume. Gas will expand to fill its container.
When gas is put under pressure by reducing the volume of
the container, the space between particles is reduce and
the gas compressed.

Table1. Comparative Summary of the Characteristics of the Three States of Matter

Properties Solid Liquid Gas
Shape definite indefinite indefinite
Volume definite definite indefinite
Rigidity rigid not rigid not rigid
Fluidity cannot flow can flow from higher can flow in all
to a lower level directions
Compressibility non- slightly compressible highly
compressible compressible
Density high density less than solid state Low density
Interparticle space very small spaces comparatively large very large spaces
spaces than solid
Interparticle forces very strong weak very weak
of attraction
Mass and volume, are fundamental properties of matter. Mass tells us how
much matter an object has. Mass is measured in kilograms (kg). Small amounts of
matter are often measured in grams (g) or even in milligrams (mg). The greater the
mass of an object, the more matter it contains. Volume tells us how much space
matter takes up. Volume of liquid and gas is measured in liters (L) while volume of
solid is calculated by multiplying the length, width, and height of an object in cubic
meter (m3).

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 Perhaps you have heard someone saying you cannot mix water and oil. What
does this mean? It means that water is denser (heavier) than oil so they can't mix. Oil
floats above the water because oil is less dense than water. Density tells us how
'tightly packed' a material is. If we have two materials with the same volume, the
material with a higher mass will be denser (have a higher density). We can think of
density as the 'lightness' or 'heaviness' of objects of the same size.

How do the three states of matter differ in terms of movement of molecules?

In solids, the particles pack together as tightly as possible in an ordered

arrangement. The particles do vibrate about their position in the structure. The
particles in solids vibrate about in fixed position even at very low temperatures. But
with an increase in temperature, the particles will gain more kinetic energy and
vibrate faster and more strongly.

In liquids, particles are quite close together and move with random motion
throughout the container. Particles move rapidly in all directions but collide with
each other more frequently than in gases due to shorter distances between particles.
With an increase in temperature, the particles move faster as they gain kinetic
energy, resulting in increased collision rates and an increased rate of diffusion.

In gases, the particles move rapidly in all directions, frequently colliding with
each other and the side of the container. With an increase in temperature, the
particles gain kinetic energy and move faster. The actual average speed of the
particles depends on their mass as well as the temperature – heavier particles move
more slowly than lighter ones at the same temperature.

Boiling Point and Melting Point of the three states of matter

Liquids have a characteristic temperature at which they turn into solids,

known as their freezing point. When a liquid is heated, it eventually reaches a
temperature at which the vapor pressure is large enough that bubbles form inside the
body of the liquid. This temperature is called the boiling point. Once the liquid starts
to boil, the temperature remains constant until all of the liquid has been converted to
a gas. The boiling point of a pure substance is the temperature at which the
substance transitions from liquid to the gaseous phase. At this point, the vapor
pressure of the liquid is equal to the applied pressure on the liquid. The boiling point
at a pressure of 1 atmosphere is called the normal boiling point.

Classification of Matter based on its Composition?

Matter can be classified into two broad categories as pure substances and
mixtures. A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition and
properties throughout the sample (has only one set of properties such as melting
point, color, boiling point, etc.). A mixture is the result of physical combination of two

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or more substances in which the identities are retained and are mixed in the form of
solutions, suspensions, and colloids. Elements and compounds are both examples of
pure substances. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into
simpler components by any chemical method while a compound is made up of two or
more elements that can be broken down into simpler components only by chemical
methods. For example, water is a compound composed of the elements hydrogen and
oxygen (water molecule includes two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen).
Using a process known as electrolysis, it breaks down the water into oxygen and
hydrogen, which are released separately at the two electrodes.

There are two main types of mixtures - homogeneous and heterogeneous

mixtures. If the composition appears uniform throughout the mixture it is called
homogeneous. The most common type of homogeneous mixture is a solution, which
can be a solid, liquid, or gas. All solutions are considered homogeneous because the
dissolved material is present in the same amount throughout the solution. A
heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform
throughout the mixture. Halo-halo is an example of heterogeneous mixture. Any given
spoonful of it will contain varying amounts of the different ingredients such as sago,
gulaman, banana, beans, sweet potato, and other components.

What’s More
IS IT A FACT OR A BLUFF?

Read each statement carefully. On the blank before each number, write FACT
if the statement is true and BLUFF if the statement is not correct.

______ 1. Physical property is the characteristic of matter that can be observed when
there is a change in the composition of a substance.
______2. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
______3. Mixtures with two phases are always heterogeneous mixtures.
______4. Pure substance has a constant composition that it is the same everywhere.
______5. A pure substance and a homogeneous mixture consist of a single phase.
______6. Sugar is an example of element.
______7. Volume is the measure of the amount of matter an object contains.
______8. The attraction between the particles of gas is stronger than those in liquid.
______9. The three states of matter differ because of the arrangement and motion of
the particles in each state.
______10. Mass is the amount of matter in a given unit volume.

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 What I Have Learned
Complete the Message

The terms in this puzzle have a letter code. Each letter stands for a different
letter. Each term you decode will help you with other terms because each letter
represents the same letter throughout the puzzle. Decode each term using the letter
code.

LETTER CODE
A=M F=G M=D S=E
B=S G=X N=J T=L
C=R H=Y O=F V=C
D=H I=W P=K X=I
E=V L=B R=A Y=T

1. Gases can be __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __, because their particles can be forced

R F D K A V E E V H
closer together.

2. Solids have a __ __ __ __ __ shape as their particles are arranged in a regular

G W I V H
pattern.
3. The particles in a gas do not have any particular __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
M A A MJ X V D V J L
because there are very weak forces between them.

4. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ tells us how tightly packed a material is.

H V J E W L T

5. Particles are held together by __ __ __ __ __ __ of attraction.

G F A R V E
6. The more energy the particles have, the faster and more strongly they
__ __ __ __ __ __ __.
C W S AM L V
7. If two liquids are equal in volumes, the liquid that is the __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Y V MC W V E L
is the densest.

8. When a material is heated, its __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ move further apart.

K M A L WR BV E
9. Heating and __ __ __ __ __ __ __ cause the volume of the material to change.
R F F B WJ X
10. The __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ of the different
K Y T E WR MB K A F K V A L WV E
states of matter, changes from one state of matter to another.

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 What I Can Do

. Ten-Pin Matter
Imagine you are playing bowling. The objective is to hit all the letters to form a
word found in the group of ten pins and write it on the blank. If you formed a ten-
letter word, you have a strike. If you form two words and use all of the letters, you
have a spare. Use the ten letter words to fill in the statements that describe the
particle nature of matter below.

O I E E E T S C S D R C

P P S S B U E I T

R R S N N I

T A O

1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________

T C N T D R C M

A O R P S O

T I E E

A S

4. _____________ 5. _____________

1. A change in the composition of a substance is just one of the physical __________ of

matter that can be observed.
2. A mixture is a form of matter that results from a physical combination of two or
more __________.
3. The particles of gases move at random __________ very quickly and travel in a
straight-line path.
4. The force of __________ between the particles of solid are strong enough that the
particles cannot move freely but they can only vibrate.
5. Gases can be __________ because the distance between the particles are large so
there is a room for the particles to move closer to each other.

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 Additional Activities

CONCEPT MAPPING

Organize concept on classification of matter based on its composition by identifying

the correct term from the word box to form the major ideas or concepts presented on
a Concept Map. You will be guided by the following clues or descriptions below.

calcium compound chocolate drink with ice element

heterogeneous homogeneous loam soil mercury mixture
pure substance salt water sugar vinegar water

MATTER

1.
occurs in nature as 2.

may be may be
3. 4. 5.
6.

examples examples examples examples

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

1. It is made up of a single type of particles with same chemical nature.

2. Solutions, suspensions, and colloids are examples of this.
3. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
4. Carbon dioxide is a common example.
5. Steel is one of them. 10. It is also known as sucrose.
6. A macaroni salad is an example of this. 11. A most common condiment found in the
7. Our body needs it to prevent kitchen.
osteoporosis. 12. It is also known as saline water.
8. It has a symbol of Hg. 13. An all-time favorite drink of all ages.
9. It is tasteless and odorless but essential 14. It is ideal for gardening.
to life.

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 Posttest
Read each question carefully and encircle only the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which is TRUE about the forces of attraction between the particles of the three
states of matter?
A. Gas has very strong interparticle forces of attraction.
B. Solid has very weak interparticle forces of attraction.
C. Same as gas, liquid has very weak interparticle forces of attraction.
D. Among the three states of matter, solid has very strong interparticle forces
of attraction.

2. Which of the following is NOT true about matter?

A. Matter is made up of tiny particles.
B. Matter can have different properties.
C. Matter is anything that has weight and mass.
D. Matter is everything around us that has mass and volume.

3. When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be

separated by physical means, the result is a(n) _____.
A. element C. mixture
B. compound D. solution

4. A small amount of salt was poured into water and stirred thoroughly to mix it
evenly in water. What do you call the resulting liquid?
A. element C. chemical change
B. compound D. homogenous mixture

5. Which of the following best explains why you can compress a gas easily, but not a liquid?
A. Gas will expand to fill its container, while liquid particles are more loosely
packed than in gas so it is much harder to compress them.
B. The particles in a gas have very large spaces between them, while liquids
have very small spaces between the particles and so it is much harder to
compress them.
C. The interparticle spaces of gas are very small between them, while liquids
have very large spaces between the particles and so it is much harder to
compressed them.
D. The particles in a gas have very strong forces of attraction between them
while liquids have fixed arrangement and they have strong forces holding
them together, so the shape will remain fixed.

6. Which of the following would NOT be classified as matter?

A. heat B. smoke C. soil D. water

7. Why do ice float in water?

A. because ice is lighter than water
B. because ice is denser than water
C. because ice is heavier than water
D. because ice is less dense than water

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 8. What similarities do you observe from the given sample? Carbon, Gold,
Mercury, and Oxygen?
C. All samples are gases. C. All samples are elements.
D. All samples are solids. D. All samples are compounds.

9. This state of matter has a definite volume and takes the shape of a container.
B. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid

10. What would 354 mL written on the label of a leading evaporated milk be
classified as?
B. density B. mass C. volume D. weight

WEBSITE:
https://sciencenotes.org/chemical-and-physical-changes-of-matter/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/physical-properties/

https://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch14/melting.php

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Map%3A_Introduc
tory_Chemistry_(Tro)/03%3A_Matter_and_Energy/3.04%3A_Classifying_Matter_Accor
ding_to_Its_Composition

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/classification-of-
matter/

https://intl.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-8/particle-model-of-matter/06-
particle-model-of-matter

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/intro/03%3A_Matter_and_Energy/3.03%3
A_Classifying_Matter_According_to_Its_State%3A_Solid%2C_Liquid%2C_and_Gas

Answer Key 10. F

9. D 10. BLUFF
8. B 9. FACT
7. C 8. BLUFF
5. Light-non-matter 7. BLUFF
6. A
4. heat-non-matter 6. BLUFF
5. H
3. stone-matter 5. FACT
4. I 4. FACT
2. smoke-matter
3. E 3. FACT
1. water-matter
2. J 2. FACT
What’s In
1. G 1. BLUFF
What’s New What’s More

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Imelda N. del Rosario

Content Editor: Jessica S. Mateo

Language Editor: Kristine Joyce G. Montejo

Cover Illustrator: Arriane Joy F. Isorena
Layout Artist: Jemwel Dela Paz
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 8-682-2472 / 8-682-3989

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