INTRODUCTION TO LEGAL SCIENCE

THE CLASSIFICATION OF BASIC CONCEPTS IN THE LEGAL STUDIES

SUBMITTED BY :
NAME : KADEK ESA PRATIWI NGURAH PUTRI
NIM : 2214101185
STUDY PROGRAM : LEGAL SCIENCE
COURSE SUBJECT : INTRODUCTION TO LEGAL SCIENCE
INSTRUCTOR : Dr. Natalia Yeti Puspita, S.H., M.H.

UNIVERSITY OF GANESHA EDUCATION

SINGARAJA
2022
1. Legal Subject
Legal subject is something that has right and obligation. According to experts,
legal subject have meaning too. Number one according to Utrecht interprets the subject
of law as a supporter of rights, that is, a human being or entity that according to the law
has power to be a supporter of rights. Number two according Sudikno Mertokusumo
explained that the subject of law is everything that can obtain rights and obligations
from the law.
2. Legal Object
The legal object is everything that is subjected to legal arrangements in which
all the rights and obligations and powers of the subject of law are related in them. In
addition, the legal object can also be interpreted as anything that is useful for the subject
of law (human beings and legal entities) and that can be used as the subject (object) of
a legal relationship (right), and therefore something can be mastered by the subject of
law.
3. Right
Legal rights, in contrast, are based on a society's customs, laws, statutes or
actions by legislatures. An example of a legal right is the right to vote of citizens.
Citizenship, itself, is often considered as the basis for having legal rights, and has been
defined as the "right to have rights". Legal rights are sometimes called civil rights or
statutory rights and are culturally and politically relative since they depend on a specific
societal context to have meaning.
4. Obligation
Obligation is the moral or legal duty that requires an individual to perform, as
well as the potential penalties for the failure to perform. An obligation is also a duty to
do what is imposed by a contract, promise, or law. In the most general sense, duty is a
synonym of obligation. When getting more technical, obligation refers to the tie that
binds a party to complete a task, perform an action, or pay a required amount of money
in accordance with the customs and laws of the country in which the agreement has
been made.
5. Legal Relationship
A legal relationship is a relationship between two or more subjects, where the rights
and obligations of one party meet the rights and obligations of the other party. Law as
a set of rules governing social relations. According to Soeroso, a legal relationship is a
relationship between two or more legal subjects. In this legal relationship, the rights
and obligations of one party are in conflict with the rights and obligations of the other
party.
6. Legal Events
Legal Event (also known as the law of procedure or regulation of justice) is a set of
rules that bind and regulate the procedures for conducting criminal, civil, and
administrative trials. According to Wirjono Prodjodikoro, the legal event is a series of
regulations that contain the way in which people should act against and before the court
and the way in which the court should act, with each other to carry out the running of
civil law regulations.
7. Legal Action
According to R.J.H.M. Huisman, legal actions are those actions that by their
nature give rise to certain legal consequences. Actions under the law of the government
 mean actions carried out by the government that give rise to certain legal consequences
in the form of rights and obligations, such as the creation or elimination of certain rights
and obligations. There are two forms of government legal action, namely government
legal action based on public law (publiekrechttelijke handeling) and government legal
action based on private law (privatrechttelijke handeling). Number one public law
action (publiekrechtshandeling) means that legal action carried out by the government
is based on public law in its position as the holder of government office which is carried
out on the basis of governmental authority of a public law nature that can only be born
from the authority of a public law nature as well. Number two A private legal action is
a legal action carried out by a government that is based on private law in its position as
a legal entity and not a duty in the public interest so that its actions are based on the
provisions of private law. Government actions in private law include buying and selling
land and buying and selling goods carried out by the government in civil law relations.
8. Legal sanctions
A sanction is a punishment or coercive act given because the person concerned
fails to comply with a law, rule, or order. according to Rahmat, the judge defined
sanctions or punishments as punishments as appropriate retribution for the actions of
the perpetrator of the crime that resulted in another person becoming a victim as a result
of his actions.
9. Justice
Justice is a condition that is fair to a trait, deed or treatment of something. According
to Notonegoro, who argues that justice is a state of affairs, it is said to be fair if it is in
accordance with applicable legal provisions. According to Thomas Hubbes who said
that the notion of justice is something that is said to be fair if it has been based on an
agreed agreement.