Title: Mastering Your Parkinson's Disease Research Paper: A Comprehensive Guide

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One problem is the lack of cells obtained and these may not be enough relative to a patient’s size. A
development of the connection between genetics and environment has led to the improvement of
Parkinson's Disease research hugely in the last few years. There is an increasing evidence that
suggests that levodopa and dopamine receptor agonist do not only have symptomatic effects, but
also accelerate or slow down the dopaminergic degeneration of PD. Usually doctors look for
shuffling of feet and lack of swing in the arms. Doctors may. Bufo.,Cocc., Con., Gels., Helo.,
Hyos.,Lathyr., Mag-p., MERC., Nux-. GERIATRIC PHARMACOLOGY Geriatric pharmacology is
a specialized field focusing. Let us write or edit the research paper on your topic. When
psychotherapy is integrated to the treatment program the effectiveness of physiotherapy increases
i.e. educating patients and their families about the benefits of exercising program. 2 Since there is no
cure for Parkinson’s Disease, its victims are eventually institutionalized. Though the cause for the
death of the cell is unknown, studies have shown that various dysfunctions in cell processes, stress
and inflammations are all potential contributors to the cell damage causing Parkinson’s disease
(Meagher et al, 2008).. Parkinson’s Prevalence Statistics The US is among the regions with a high
prevalence for Parkinson’s disease. In this paper, we will provide a brief overview of Adolf Hitler's
biographical background in connection with its impact on his further life and try to find explanations
for his mental disorders in psychological theories. Concomitant exposure of the cultures under
oxygen-glucose deprivation, to a combination of either selegiline and -methamphetamine or
rasagiline and 1-R-aminoindan, indicated that -methamphetamine, but not 1-R-aminoindan, blocked
the neuroprotective effect of the parental drug (46). The depression and fatigue associated with
Parkinson’s disease can affect patient motivation and interest, leading to episodes of apathy. The
stem cells are transplanted into the brain and allowed to mature into dopamine-producing cells
(American Medical Association, 2004). As the impulses reach the brain, they interfere or block the
activities of abnormal nerve signals, which produce PD symptoms, and hence providing immediate
and prolonged symptomatic relief. Rest tremors usually start at the hands or feet, progressing until
all four limbs are affected. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UParkinson’s DiseaseRS)
is a. Parkinson's Disease is named after the English doctor, James Parkinson who published the first
detailed essay on the disease called the shaking palsy. Stem cells, however create there own ethical
issues) to animals, and further on the line, of animal testing to trails on human patients. Estimates of
the annual incidence of Parkinson's Disease are in the range of 4-20 per 100,000 individuals.
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Bursitis is inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac. Furthermore appearance of the first clinical
symptoms is generally happening after 60% to 80% degeneration of the dopamine producing cells in
the brain. Thus authors suggest that physiotherapy can delay or reverse the secondary complications
arising as the side effects of prolonged drugs intake by the patients with Parkinson’s Disease. As a
result, Parkinson’s disease is recognized by four primary symptoms including stiffness or rigidity (of
the trunk and limbs), bradykinesia, tremor or trembling (in the hands, arms, face, legs, and jaw), and
postural instability. However, it is worth noting that the disorder has the possibility of remaining
unilateral in some rare cases. Parkinson’s Disease is not by itself a fatal disease, but it does get worse
with time. The. Rigidity-. Rigidity, or a resistance to movement, affects most people with
Parkinson’s. Tremor often begins in a hand, although sometimes a foot or the. It manifests with
motor, cognitive and other types of symptoms, decreasing significantly the patients’ quality of life.
Zesiewicz, Advances in the Pharmacologic Management of Early Parkinson Disease. The symptoms
listed against each medicine may not be directly related to this disease.
Additionally, the motor symptoms associated with PD have been associated with social
stigmatization. However, it was not formally recognized and its symptoms were not
documenteduntil. Several lines of research suggest that mitochondria may play a role in the
development. Rigidity-. Rigidity, or a resistance to movement, affects most people with Parkinson’s.
The group of genes causing autosomal dominant Parkinson's Disease includes the LRRK2, Parkin
gene, and SNCA gene. This essay focuses not only on disease itself, but also uses statistics and real
life examples, such as Mr. The researcher also analyzes symtoms associated with Parkinson's disease,
such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity and bradykinesia are the three main symptoms and
medication Mr. Mr Adams presented with typical symptoms, due to the symptoms that he presented
and the fact that his age made him a prime candidate for Parkinson disease (Waters, 2008, p. When
the trembling occurs in the middle of a movement, it is classified as an action tremor. Like most
chronic diseases, the Parkinson's Disease affects an individual for a long period. According to the
previous studies integrated treatments of physical therapy, rehabilitation, psychotherapy and
prescribed drugs are used for Parkinson's Disease. However, CT and MRI brain scans of people with
Parkinson’s Disease usually appear. Dopamine is the main neurotransmitter that is made by the brain
cells in the substantia nigra 1. PARKINSON’S DISEASE Name: Institution: Introduction Human
beings face numerous health conditions and disease. The gravity of the situation is reiterated by
statistics depicting that 50000 new cases of the disease are reported annually. The drugs Sinemet and
Madopar are used which contain L-dopa. Violent trembling (twitching) of the whole body especially
after emotions. John Adams, who was diagnosed with Idiopathic parkinson's disease at the age of 58
with initial symptoms of resting tremors in his hands and muscle rigidity when attempting to
undertake tasks that he had previously accomplished with ease. Each dataset goes through various
feature selection techniques. Only after conducting a neurological examination and knowing your
medical history the neurologist. This research paper compares and contrasts the effectiveness of
pharmacological interventions such as the administration of Levodopa, Carbidopa, anticholinergics,
and other drugs; the deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgical therapy, and the cognitive-behavioral
patient education programs in the reduction or management of symptoms in PD. People suffering
from Parkinson's Disease experience loss of motor control. Fortunately, there are many treatment
options available for. In addition, slowed swallow reflex compounded with excess saliva can cause
choking (Christensen, 2005). Machine learning classifiers such as KNN, LDA, NB, LR, SVM, DT,
RT, RF and ANN are implemented on the datasets and their performance is measured. Parkinson’s
Disease. They may see that the person’s face lacks expression and. Some people may just be more
sensitive towards them than others. Concomitant exposure of the cultures under oxygen-glucose
deprivation, to a combination of either selegiline and -methamphetamine or rasagiline and 1-R-
aminoindan, indicated that -methamphetamine, but not 1-R-aminoindan, blocked the neuroprotective
effect of the parental drug (46). In addition, CT scans and MRI can be utilized to rule out conditions
which may be mistaken for Parkinson’s disease (American Medical Association, 2004). In the long
term PD will ultimately lead to death. How the Brain Learns: Neuro-Scientific Research and Recent
Discoveries. Dementia: Although it is usually associated with Alzheimer’s disease, it can also occur,
albeit rarely.
Parkinson’s disease is a disorder that affects nerve cells, or neurons, in a part of the. Conversely, the
automatic characterization of graphomotor patterns as biomarkers of brain health is a relatively less
explored research area. Body tremors usually affect the arms and legs, but may also be observed on
the lips, tongue, jaw, abdomen, and chest. The paper describes Parkinson disease like an ailment of
the nervous system affecting the movement of the muscles. Bufo.,Cocc., Con., Gels., Helo.,
Hyos.,Lathyr., Mag-p., MERC., Nux-. The patient must have had only primary idiopathic
Parkinson’s. Cabergoline, pramipexole, and ropinirole were thought efficacious in delaying motor
complications. He wonders if the medications he has for his stiffness will be enough to even get him
through the day as they continue to lose their effect. Disease) is a degenerative disorder of the
central nervous system that often impairs the. Secondly, moderate level exercise increases the
dopamine level in plasma. Progressive means that this disease’s effects get worse over time. These are
the typical feelings an individual with PD experiences on a daily basis, and as the disease progresses
they get worse. It is important that the correct diagnosis be made, as research is needed on those
with Parkinson’s as this is the only way forward to find a cure. Hence, continuous efforts are being
made to enhance the diagnosis of PD using deep learning approaches that rely on experienced
neurologists. This means that every patient is affected differently from the next. It is common for
people suffering from Parkinson's disease. Called Lewy bodies, these structures are not found in
other forms of parkinsonism. Unfortunately, in PD, a number of animals are tested on normally
starting with mice or rats before moving on to monkeys and finally human trails. Catechol O-
methyltransferase (COMT) Inhibitors: Likewise, these medications also prevent the. A biochemical
form of depression is produced due to the alteration of chemicals in the brain. Despite using
prescribed drugs or therapeutic treatments the general health conditions of Parkinson's Disease
patients continue to worsen. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UParkinson’s
DiseaseRS) is a. John Adams, who was diagnosed with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease at the age of
58 with initial symptoms of resting tremors in his hands and muscle rigidity when attempting to
undertake tasks that he had previously accomplished with ease. In some cases, pallidotomy or
thalamotomy may be performed to destroy brain tissues affected by the disease. Like most chronic
diseases, the Parkinson's Disease affects an individual for a long period. In rare cases, they can cause
compulsive behavior, such as an uncontrollable desire. Presentation on Cerebral Palsy and its orthotic
management Presentation on Cerebral Palsy and its orthotic management pediatrics. One blastomere
is removed and can be triggered to divide and the resulting stem cells could still be used for research
and disease treatment. Dementia: Although it is usually associated with Alzheimer’s disease, it can
also occur, albeit rarely. Continuous research is needed, firstly to try and find a cause for the disease.
Those affected by Parkinson's disease tends to write slower and use less pressure while sketching or
writing something. It has also been noted by specialists that at least six genes can cause Parkinson's
Disease. According to the previous studies integrated treatments of physical therapy, rehabilitation,
psychotherapy and prescribed drugs are used for Parkinson’s Disease. The principal symptom of
Parkinson's disease is impaired physical movement. Parkinson’s dementia late in the course of the
disease. Apart for neuroprotective effects exerted by both Seglinine and Rasagniline, there are
evidences that show the neuroprotetive advantage of rasagiline over selegiline. Low-dose L-dopa
therapy in Parkinson's disease: a 6-year follow-up study. Neurology.1986;36:1528-0. The emergence
of various physical and psychological disorders is at an alarming rate and one of such conditions in
this case is parkinson's disease. On the other hand, 11% of patients reported not experiencing
tremors. Pre-existing addictive behavior is seen as a risk factor, but cases exist where patients had no
history of addiction (Truite, 2009). Reuter et al, 1997, is an open trial study involving 16 participants
who are able to walk and stand without help and had no cardio vesicular disease. Parkinsonian Gait:
The unsteady gait associated with this disease is one of its characteristic. The alarm rings, and just
like every other day he wakes up early in the morning at 5am. Moreover many people do not get
diagnosed for a few years as the symptoms replicate other disorders. You can use it for research and
reference purposes to write your own paper. Parkinson s Disease: What You and Your Family
Should? pdf. It is mentioned that 2 studies from PubMed, 3 from NAIRC and 4 studies each from
CDSR and CINAHL qualified authors’ selection criteria. The idea of this research emerged from the
author's interest and fascination in how Parkinson's Disease can be treated using various methods.
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's Disease are common neurodegenerative disorders with no
treatments available so far. Moreover, patients suffering from Parkinson's disease develop. The
researcher also analyzes symtoms associated with parkinson's disease, such as resting tremors, muscle
rigidity and bradykinesia are the three main symptoms and medication Mr. assert that the most
common complication to patients of parkinson's disease is in the disruption of the motor skills. Some
of these procedures, such as EEG and EMG are employed in the measurement of direct signals or
potentials originating from the body systems or muscles. Machine learning classifiers such as KNN,
LDA, NB, LR, SVM, DT, RT, RF and ANN are implemented on the datasets and their performance
is measured. Chronic parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis.
Science.1983;219:979-0. At the early stages of the disease, the patients remain asymptomatic and the
first signs only begin to show after approximately sixty percent of the dopaminergic neurons have
been destroyed (Merritt, 2010). Approximately 40% of Parkinson cases are undiagnosed, and this is
perhaps a warning for the stakeholders of health in America. During to this essay, it is clear, that the
disease is a slow degenerative disorder of the central nervous system impairing cognitive, motor and
other bodily functions (Tortora 2008). The site of action of different therapeutic agents are shown in
the boxes. (8). Moreover, clustering a dataset before applying classification enhances the distribution
of similar samples among groups. He must choose the appropriate time to take the medication to
ensure that it will give him enough time to get through his daily activities.
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 79(4), 368-376. Additionally, the motor
symptoms associated with PD have been associated with social stigmatization. Along with
medications, physical therapy and massage can also help in fortifying and toning the. Impaired
visual contrast sensitivity, spatial reasoning, colour discrimination. Another siganlling moecules of
Seligniline is Zydis Selingiline, which is placed on the the tongue and thus absorbed through the
buccal mucosa.Rasagniline, a second generation of serigniline is recently approved in US and can be
used as adjuct with levodopa. (41). The effect of administration of MAO-B inhibitors on rat striatal
neurone responses to dopamine was studied by (-)-Deprenyl is selective inhibitor of MAO-B and is
also known for treatmnet in PD. The researcher also analyzes symtoms associated with Parkinson's
Disease, such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity and bradykinesia are the three main symptoms and
medication Mr. assert that the most common complication to patients of Parkinson's Disease is in the
disruption of the motor skills. Mr. X was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease eight years ago when
his hands adopted a mind of their own and began to shake on their own accord. The rats
experienced shaking and a loss of muscle control as well as developing Lewy bodies (spherical
lumps found in dying brain cells), which are commonly associated with Parkinson's disease.
Dopmaine receptor agonists in PD: Neurotoxic or Neuroprotective. Many people and especially
religious group condemn the use of embryonic stem cells as they believe it is destroying a life.
Bradykinesia occurs due to the reduction of dopamine, which causes delay in the transmission of
signals. A doctor may diagnose a person with Parkinson’s disease based on the patient’s. Patients
may experience hallucinations which could affect one or more senses: visual (seeing things or
persons); auditory (hearing voices); tactile (skin sensations); odorous (smelling non-existent odors);
and gustatory (non-existent tastes). PARKINSON’S DISEASE Name: Institution: Introduction
Human beings face numerous health conditions and disease. Parkinson s Disease: What You and
Your Family Should? pdf. A number of new research avenues have been suggested for future
researches. According to the previous studies integrated treatments of physical therapy, rehabilitation,
psychotherapy and prescribed drugs are used for Parkinson's Disease. Medical intervention normally
attempt to assess whether freezing occurs during specific activities, environment, time of day, or
medication taken. The medical management of this disease is consequently, limited to improving the
quality of life of individuals afflicted with Parkinson’s disease. Staggering gait. Loss of power of
muscular control. Permanent human parkinsonism due to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-
tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): seven cases. Neurology. 1985;35:949-6. In the long term PD will
ultimately lead to death. Modern pharmacological and surgical treatments only manage to alleviate
the symptoms and hinder its progression. Moreover, patient education disseminates knowledge and
instrumental skills to persons with PD in order to increase capacity in terms of self-management
(managing behavioral and emotional stressors). KavyasriPuttamreddy Cell cytoskeleton and
molecular motors.pdf Cell cytoskeleton and molecular motors.pdf MedicoseAcademics Seminario
Biologia Molecular - Susana Cano V.pdf Seminario Biologia Molecular - Susana Cano V.pdf
susiedapp Seminario biologia molecular-Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. We use cookies to create
the best experience for you. Although there are symptomatic treatments that can increase the
survivability of the disease, there are no curative treatments. Levodopa: Also known as L-dopa, is
the most commonly used drug to control the symptoms of this. The disease involves the
degeneration of nerve cells in the brain. A development of the connection between genetics and
environment has led to the improvement of Parkinson's Disease research hugely in the last few years.
This is because pharmacological agents have side effects despite their remarkable efficacy in
controlling some of the PD symptoms. On the other hand, DBS surgical therapy is quite effective in
reducing a good number of PD symptoms, but it must be used concurrently with other medical
therapies. Reuter et al, 1997, is an open trial study involving 16 participants who are able to walk
and stand without help and had no cardio vesicular disease. Over the years, scientists in the field of
clinical neurophysiology have been involved in neurophysiological studies with the aim of providing
insights into the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases and disorders. Adult stem cells
have limited potential because unlike embryonic stem cells they can not differentiate into any
specialised cell in the body. Bradykinesia: This is basically a slowing down of voluntary movement.
Here, progression of the primary symptoms results into more pronounced effects such as interference
with normal physiological activities in the patient’s body. Therefore, the correct selection and
application of the procedures described above require that one understands the scientific foundations
of clinical neurology and normal neurophysiology in order to identify and locate abnormal functions
associated with different neurological diseases and disorders under investigation. Symptoms of
Parkinson’s disease have been known and treated since ancient times. In addition to increasing the
effectiveness of physical therapy, group treatment and psychotherapy sessions are also beneficial for
the patients and their families while coping up with the fears and socio-economic challenges related
to the Parkinson’s Disease. GERIATRIC PHARMACOLOGY Geriatric pharmacology is a
specialized field focusing. Dopamine agonists bypass the degenerating nigral neurons and stimulate
the dopamine receptors directly (9, 10). Moreover, these techniques may be used together or
separately for epilepsy monitoring, neonatal EEG recording, and movement analysis (Walton, 2003).
They believe it is immoral to save a life at the expense of another. Also, your arms do not tend to
swing as much when you walk. But the incident and prevalence is high among the elderly population
example: 20 per 100,000 elderly in the United States are suffering from this disease. There is a
substantial evidence that shows that the agonist are capable of protecting nigrostriatal dopamine
neurons from the toxic effects of 6-hyroxydopamine,1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
(MPTP),34-36 excytotoxicity,37 ischemia, and methamphetamine 33. The treatment plan depends on
the stage of the disease and the age of the patient. One of the possible approaches is processing
sketches using machine learning techniques. Some of the main symptoms associated with the disease
include sleep disturbance, unnecessary speeches, aggression, depression, agitation and psychotic-
related features. Disease. A major principle of body movement is that all muscles have an opposing.
Nevertheless authors of the current study indicate the dearth of studies relating to rehabilitating of
patients with Parkinson’s Disease. The authors suggested that treat progression of Parkinson’s disease
symptoms should be consider in the development of future interventions. In tissue culture, DA have
the capacity to enhance growth of cultured dopamine neurons and protects them form variety of
toxins (27-32). In addition to the duration and cumulative dose of Levodopa therapy, other risk
factors such as the genetic predispositions to PD have been implicated in the development of
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias. PARKINSON’S DISEASE Name: Institution: Introduction Human
beings face numerous health conditions and disease. Wilkinson, L., Beigi, M., Lagnado, D.A.,
Jahanshahi, M. (2011). Deep Brain Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus selectively improves
learning of weakly associated cue combinations during probabilistic classification learning in
Parkinson’s disease. In most cases, initial PD diagnosis identifies and locates the globus pallidus,
thalamus, and subthalamic nucleus as the target areas within the brain, which are subject to abnormal
nerve functioning. Due to lacking of coordination between these two brain structures patients’
movement, balance, walking, swallowing and speech abilities deteriorate. SUNSCREEN, definition,
classification, SPF value, history, mechanism, develop.