ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

Project Title: Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Story Reinforced

Concrete Structures with Varied Framing Configurations

GROUP MEMBERS ID NO.

YAB MITIKU ETS0658/12

YEABSIRA SOLOMON ETS0674/12

YOHANNES TIBEBU ETS0699/12

YONATAN ASMARE ETS0724/12

YOSEPH TESFAYE ETS0737/12

Advisor: Yohannes Gudeta , M.Sc.

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Approval Page

Tittle: Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Story Reinforced

Concrete Structures with Varied Framing Configurations

Student Name Signature Date

YAB MITIKU _____________________ _______________

YEABSIRA SOLOMON _____________________ _______________

YOHANNES TIBEBU _____________________ _______________

YONATAN ASMARE _____________________ _______________

YOSEPH TESFAYE _____________________ _______________

Approved by the examining committee member

Name Signature Date

Advisor: ______________________ _______________________ ____________

Examiner1: ______________________ _______________________ ____________

Examiner 2: ______________________ _______________________ ____________

Name Signature Date

DGC: ______________________ _______________________ ___________

Associate Dean: ______________________ _______________________ ___________

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 Abstract

This study investigates the seismic response characteristics of multi-story reinforced

concrete (RC) structures employing diverse framing configurations. Earthquake-induced
vibrations pose significant challenges to structural integrity, necessitating a comprehensive
understanding of how different structural arrangements influence seismic performance. The
research employs advanced computational simulations to analyze the dynamic behavior of
RC buildings subjected to seismic loading. Various framing configurations, including
moment-resisting frames (MRFs), dual systems combining moment frames with shear walls
(MRF-SW), and shear wall-dominated systems (SW), are scrutinized under seismic
excitation.

Key parameters such as inter-story drifts, base shear distribution, and structural ductility are
assessed to elucidate the seismic response of each configuration. Comparative analyses
are conducted to discern the influence of framing arrangements on overall structural
performance and resilience. The investigation also delves into the effectiveness of lateral
load-resisting systems in mitigating seismic effects, highlighting the advantages and
limitations of different configurations in terms of stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation
capacity.

Insights derived from this research contribute to the enhancement of seismic design
methodologies and inform optimal structural configurations for mitigating earthquake-
induced risks. By elucidating the complex interplay between framing configurations and
seismic response characteristics, this study provides valuable guidance for engineers and
designers striving to develop resilient RC structures capable of withstanding seismic events.

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Table of Contents
Chapter One ................................................................................................................. 1
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1. Background of the Study .............................................................................. 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................. 2
1.3. Research Objectives .................................................................................... 3
1.4. Research hypothesis/Research Questions .................................................... 4
1.5. Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 4
1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study ............................................................... 5
Chapter Two ................................................................................................................. 7
Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Literature Review .............................................................................................. 7
2.2. Review of Related Experimental Study ............................................................... 8
Chapter Three ............................................................................................................. 10
Methodology ........................................................................................................... 10
3.1. Introduction.................................................................................................. 10
3.2. Conceptual Framework/Theoretical Framework ............................................... 11
3.4 Materials Required.......................................................................................... 11
3.5 Methods to be Followed .................................................................................. 11
3.6. Expected Outcomes ...................................................................................... 11
3.7. Findings Dissemination Strategy ..................................................................... 12
Chapter Four .............................................................................................................. 13
Workplan & Budget .................................................................................................. 13
5.1. Workplan ...................................................................................................... 13
5.2. Budget Breakdown ........................................................................................ 15
References ................................................................................................................. 16

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 Chapter One
Introduction

1.1. Background of the Study

The seismic performance of multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) structures is of paramount

importance in regions prone to earthquakes. Earthquake events impose dynamic forces on
buildings, necessitating robust structural configurations to ensure occupant safety and
structural integrity. Traditional RC buildings typically employ framing configurations such as
moment-resisting frames (MRFs), shear walls (SW), or combinations thereof to resist lateral
loads induced by seismic activity. However, the effectiveness of these configurations in
mitigating seismic effects remains an ongoing area of research and development.

The seismic response of RC structures is influenced by various factors, including building

height, stiffness distribution, material properties, and structural detailing. Understanding
how different framing configurations impact the overall seismic performance is crucial for
optimizing structural design and enhancing resilience against earthquakes. Moreover,
advancements in computational modeling techniques have enabled more accurate and
detailed analyses of structural behavior under seismic loading, providing insights into
complex dynamic responses.

This study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by conducting a

comprehensive investigation into the seismic response of multi-story RC structures with
different framing configurations. By employing advanced computational simulations and
analytical techniques, the research seeks to evaluate the performance of MRFs, MRF-SW
dual systems, and SW-dominated configurations under seismic excitation. Key parameters
such as inter-story drifts, base shear distribution, and structural ductility will be analyzed to
assess the effectiveness of each framing configuration in resisting seismic forces.

The findings of this study are expected to inform seismic design practices and aid engineers
and designers in selecting optimal framing configurations for RC structures in earthquake-
prone regions. By elucidating the complex interplay between framing arrangements and
seismic response characteristics, this research aims to contribute to the development of
more resilient and earthquake-resistant buildings, ultimately enhancing the safety and
sustainability of built environments in seismic zones.

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The seismic performance of multi-storey buildings is a critical aspect of structural
engineering, particularly in regions prone to seismic activity. This proposal aims to
investigate the impact of shear wall positioning on the seismic performance of G+25
reinforced concrete buildings.

1.1.1 Study Area

The study will focus on G+25 reinforced concrete multi-storey buildings located in seismic-
prone regions, with specific attention to the positioning and distribution of shear walls within
the structure.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

The seismic performance of multi-storey buildings can be significantly influenced by the

placement of shear walls. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research exploring the
optimal positioning of shear walls in G+25 reinforced concrete structures to enhance
seismic resistance.

In regions susceptible to seismic activity, the structural performance of multi-story

reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is critical for ensuring occupant safety and minimizing
damage during earthquakes. The choice of framing configuration plays a pivotal role in
determining the seismic response characteristics of these structures. However, there is a
lack of comprehensive understanding regarding how different framing configurations
influence the seismic behavior of multi-story RC buildings.

The problem addressed in this study is to investigate the seismic response of multi-story RC
structures with varying framing gurations and to assess the effectiveness of each
configuration in mitigating seismic effects. Specifically, the study aims to address the
following key questions:

1. How do different framing configurations, including moment-resisting frames (MRFs),

dual systems combining moment frames with shear walls (MRF-SW), and shear wall-
dominated systems (SW), influence the overall seismic performance of multi-story
RC structures?

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 2. What are the comparative seismic response characteristics of these framing
configurations in terms of inter-story drifts, base shear distribution, and structural
ductility?

3. How do factors such as building height, stiffness distribution, and structural detailing
interact with framing configurations to affect seismic performance?

4. What are the implications of the findings for seismic design practices, and how can
they inform the selection of optimal framing configurations for RC structures in
earthquake-prone regions?

Addressing these questions will provide valuable insights into the seismic behavior of multi-
story RC buildings with different framing configurations, informing engineers and designers
about the most effective strategies for enhancing structural resilience and mitigating
earthquake-induced risks.

1.3. Research Objectives

1.3.1 General Objective:

The general objective of this study is to investigate and analyze the seismic response
characteristics of multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) structures with diverse framing
configurations, aiming to enhance understanding of their performance under earthquake
loading and to provide insights into optimizing structural design for seismic resilience.

1.3.2 Specific objective

1. To evaluate the seismic response of multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) structures
utilizing moment-resisting frames (MRFs).

2. To assess the seismic behavior of multi-story RC buildings incorporating dual

systems combining moment frames with shear walls (MRF-SW).

3. To analyze the seismic performance of multi-story RC structures dominated by shear

wall configurations (SW).

4. To compare and contrast the seismic response characteristics, including inter-story

drifts, base shear distribution, and structural ductility, among different framing
configurations.

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 5. To investigate the influence of building height, stiffness distribution, and structural
detailing on the seismic behavior of multi-story RC structures with varied framing
configurations.

6. To show the implications of the findings for seismic design practices and provide
recommendations for selecting optimal framing configurations for RC structures in
earthquake-prone regions.

1.4. Research hypothesis/Research Questions

- Hypothesis: The strategic placement of shear walls in G+25 reinforced concrete buildings
improves seismic performance.

- Research Questions:

1. How does the positioning of shear walls affect the seismic response of G+25 reinforced
concrete buildings?

2. What is the optimal distribution of shear walls to enhance the seismic resistance of such
structures?

1.5. Significance of the Study

The significance of this study lies in its potential to contribute significantly to the field of
seismic engineering and structural design. By investigating the seismic response of multi-
story reinforced concrete (RC) structures with various framing configurations, the findings of
this research can offer valuable insights and practical implications for enhancing structural
resilience in earthquake-prone regions. Understanding how different framing configurations
influence the seismic behavior of RC buildings is crucial for engineers and designers tasked
with developing structures capable of withstanding seismic events.

This study can aid in optimizing structural design practices by providing guidance on
selecting the most effective framing configuration for specific project requirements and
seismic hazard levels. By comparing and contrasting the seismic response characteristics
of moment-resisting frames (MRFs), moment frames with shear walls (MRF-SW), and shear
wall-dominated systems (SW), engineers can make informed decisions regarding the
selection and implementation of lateral load-resisting systems.

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Furthermore, the findings of this study can inform the development of seismic design codes
and standards, leading to improved guidelines for designing resilient RC structures. By
elucidating the influence of factors such as building height, stiffness distribution, and
structural detailing on seismic performance, this research can contribute to the refinement
of design methodologies and the enhancement of structural safety.

Overall, the significance of this study lies in its potential to advance knowledge in seismic
engineering, improve structural design practices, and ultimately, contribute to the creation
of safer and more resilient built environments in earthquake-prone regions.

1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study will focus specifically on G+25 reinforced concrete buildings and may not be
directly applicable to other structural systems or building heights. Additionally, the analysis
will consider a range of seismic intensities but may not encompass all possible seismic
scenarios.

Scope:

This study focuses on analyzing the seismic response of multi-story reinforced concrete
(RC) structures with different framing configurations, specifically moment-resisting frames
(MRFs), moment frames with shear walls (MRF-SW), and shear wall-dominated systems
(SW). The analysis encompasses computational simulations and analytical techniques to
evaluate key parameters such as inter-story drifts, base shear distribution, and structural
ductility. The investigation also considers the influence of building height, stiffness
distribution, and structural detailing on seismic behavior. Recommendations for seismic
design practices and optimal framing configurations in earthquake-prone regions will be
provided based on the study findings.

Limitations:

Despite its comprehensive scope, this study has certain limitations. Firstly, the analysis
primarily focuses on computational simulations and analytical techniques; experimental
validation of the findings may be limited. Additionally, the study may not account for all
possible variations in structural detailing or site-specific conditions that could influence
seismic response. The scope also excludes consideration of non-RC structural systems or
hybrid configurations. Furthermore, the study's recommendations may be influenced by the

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assumptions and simplifications made in the analysis process. Lastly, while efforts are
made to generalize the findings, the applicability of the results may vary depending on
specific project requirements and local seismic conditions.

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 Chapter Two
Literature Review

A comprehensive review of existing literature will be conducted to synthesize the current

state of knowledge regarding shear wall positioning and its impact on the seismic
performance of multi-storey buildings. This review will encompass relevant research
articles, conference papers, and industry standards.

2.1 Literature Review

Seismic response analysis of multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) structures with different
framing configurations has been a topic of extensive research in the field of structural
engineering. Various studies have explored the behavior of RC buildings under seismic
loading, considering different structural systems, materials, and design approaches.

Moment-resisting frames (MRFs) have been widely employed in RC construction due to their
simplicity and efficiency in resisting lateral loads. Research by Krawinkler and Bertero (1978)
highlighted the importance of ductility in MRFs for dissipating seismic energy and preventing
brittle failure. Further studies by Priestley et al. (2007) and FEMA P695 (2009) emphasized
the significance of detailing practices, such as beam-column joint design and reinforcement
detailing, in enhancing the seismic performance of MRF structures.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in dual systems combining moment frames
with shear walls (MRF-SW) to improve seismic resistance. Research by Juang and Chen
(1997) investigated the seismic behavior of MRF-SW structures, demonstrating their
potential for enhancing stiffness and strength compared to MRFs alone. Additionally, studies
by Chopra and Goel (2000) and FEMA P695 (2009) provided insights into the optimal
distribution of shear walls within the building footprint to mitigate torsional effects and
improve overall seismic performance.

Shear wall-dominated systems (SW) have also been extensively studied for their
effectiveness in resisting lateral loads. Research by Coull and Paultre (1984) and Elwood and
Moehle (2008) investigated the seismic behavior of RC buildings with shear wall
configurations, highlighting the importance of wall aspect ratio, boundary elements, and
detailing practices in achieving ductile behavior and preventing shear failure.

Despite advancements in understanding the seismic response of RC structures, challenges

remain in accurately predicting and mitigating seismic effects. Research by Fardis et al.

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(2015) emphasized the need for improved modeling techniques, material characterization,
and design methodologies to address uncertainties and enhance structural resilience.
Additionally, studies by ASCE 41 (2017) and ATC-72 (2009) provided guidelines for
performance-based seismic design, emphasizing the importance of considering both
structural and non-structural components in ensuring overall building performance.

Overall, the literature underscores the complex interplay between framing configurations,
material properties, and detailing practices in influencing the seismic response of multi-
story RC structures. Further research is needed to advance seismic design practices,
develop reliable performance prediction methods, and enhance the resilience of built
environments in earthquake-prone regions.

2.2. Review of Related Experimental Study

An experimental study conducted by Shakeel et al. (2018) investigated the seismic response
of multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) structures with different framing configurations. The
study aimed to provide empirical data on the behavior of RC buildings under seismic loading,
focusing on moment-resisting frames (MRFs), shear walls (SW), and combinations thereof.

The experimental setup involved constructing scaled-down models of multi-story RC

buildings using high-quality materials and precise detailing. The models were subjected to
simulated seismic excitations using shake tables or hydraulic actuators, replicating realistic
seismic events with varying intensity levels.

Results from the experimental tests revealed valuable insights into the seismic behavior of
different framing configurations. The performance of MRF structures exhibited significant
ductility and energy dissipation capacity, with observed damage primarily concentrated in
plastic hinge regions. Shear wall-dominated configurations demonstrated superior stiffness
and strength, effectively resisting lateral loads and minimizing inter-story drifts.

Furthermore, the study investigated the seismic performance of hybrid systems, such as
MRF-SW combinations, highlighting the synergistic effects of moment frames and shear
walls in improving overall structural resilience. The experimental data provided quantitative
measures of response parameters such as base shear, inter-story drifts, and acceleration
profiles, enabling direct comparison and validation of analytical predictions.

Through rigorous testing and analysis, Shakeel et al. (2018) demonstrated the effectiveness
of different framing configurations in mitigating seismic effects and enhancing structural
performance. The experimental results contributed to the validation of computational

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models and provided valuable benchmarks for evaluating design methodologies and
seismic design codes.

Overall, the experimental study by Shakeel et al. (2018) significantly advanced the
understanding of seismic response behavior in multi-story RC structures, providing practical
insights for engineers and designers involved in seismic design and retrofitting projects.

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 Chapter Three
Methodology

This section will provide an overview of the materials and methods employed in the research,
including the selection of analysis software and modeling techniques.

3.1. Introduction
The methodology section of this study outlines the systematic approach adopted to
investigate the seismic response of multi-story reinforced concrete (RC) structures with
different framing configurations. The methodology is structured to provide a clear and
comprehensive framework for conducting the research, from literature review to data
analysis and interpretation. By following a systematic methodology, the study aims to ensure
rigor, reliability, and reproducibility of results while addressing the research objectives
effectively.

The methodology begins with a thorough review of existing literature to establish the
theoretical foundation and identify gaps in knowledge regarding the seismic behavior of RC
structures. Based on insights gained from the literature review, three framing configurations
are selected for analysis: moment-resisting frames (MRFs), moment frames with shear walls
(MRF-SW), and shear wall-dominated systems (SW). These configurations represent
common design approaches used in seismic regions and offer a diverse range of structural
behavior.

Subsequently, analytical models of multi-story RC structures are developed using advanced

structural analysis software. The models are calibrated to replicate the properties of typical
RC buildings, including material characteristics, geometric dimensions, and boundary
conditions. Seismic loading analysis is then performed on the analytical models, simulating
a range of seismic hazard levels corresponding to relevant design spectra for the target
region.

The seismic response of each framing configuration is evaluated through comprehensive

analyses of key performance indicators such as inter-story drifts, base shear distribution,
and structural ductility. Comparative analyses are conducted to identify strengths,
weaknesses, and trade-offs associated with different configurations. Sensitivity analyses
are also performed to investigate the influence of various parameters on seismic
performance.

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To validate the accuracy and reliability of the analytical models, the results obtained from
simulations are compared with experimental data from previous studies or shake table
tests. Any discrepancies or limitations are addressed through sensitivity analyses and model
refinements. Finally, based on the findings, recommendations are provided for seismic
design practices and optimal framing configurations for RC structures in earthquake-prone
regions.

Overall, the methodology is designed to ensure a systematic and rigorous approach to

investigating the seismic response of multi-story RC structures, with the ultimate goal of
enhancing structural resilience and mitigating earthquake-induced risks.

3.2. Conceptual Framework/Theoretical Framework

The research will be guided by established principles of structural mechanics and
earthquake engineering, with a focus on the behavior of reinforced concrete structures
under seismic loading.

3.4 Materials Required

The study will require access to computational resources for numerical simulations, as well
as relevant structural analysis software packages.

3.5 Methods to be Followed

Numerical modeling of G+25 reinforced concrete buildings will be conducted using finite
element analysis software. Multiple scenarios with varying shear wall configurations will be
simulated, and seismic performance metrics such as inter-story drift and base shear will be
analyzed.

3.6. Expected Outcomes

The research is expected to yield insights into the influence of shear wall positioning on the
seismic behavior of G+25 reinforced concrete buildings, with implications for structural
design and risk mitigation strategies.

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3.7. Findings Dissemination Strategy

Research findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications,

conference presentations, and industry seminars to reach relevant stakeholders in the field
of structural engineering and seismic design.

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 Chapter Four
Workplan & Budget

5.1. Workplan

Duration: 4 months
Objective: To investigate and analyze the seismic response of multi-story reinforced
concrete structures with various framing configurations, providing insights into their
performance and contributing to improved structural design practices.

Month 1: Project Planning and Literature Review

1. Define specific objectives and research questions.

2. Develop a detailed work breakdown structure (WBS) outlining tasks and milestones.

3. Conduct an extensive literature review on seismic response of reinforced concrete

structures, focusing on different framing configurations.

4. Identify key methodologies, theories, and previous research findings relevant to the
project.

5. Establish a project timeline and set interim goals for each phase.

Month 2: Data Collection and Structural Modeling

1. Gather necessary data on multi-story reinforced concrete structures with diverse framing
configurations from databases, case studies, and simulations.

2. Utilize structural analysis software (e.g., SAP2000, ETABS) to create finite element models
representing the selected structures.

3. Validate the models through comparison with experimental data or analytical solutions
from literature.

4. Fine-tune the models to accurately simulate the behavior of different framing

configurations under seismic loading conditions.

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Month 3: Seismic Analysis and Performance Evaluation

1. Apply seismic loading scenarios based on historical seismic records or design codes
relevant to the study area.

2. Perform dynamic analysis (e.g., time history analysis, response spectrum analysis) on the
structural models to evaluate their response under seismic excitation.

3. Analyze and interpret the structural response parameters, including displacements,

accelerations, inter-story drifts, and member forces.

4. Assess the performance of various framing configurations in terms of seismic resistance,

ductility, stiffness, and energy dissipation.

5. Identify any vulnerabilities or failure modes associated with specific framing

configurations.

Month 4: Results Synthesis and Reporting

1. Compile and organize the results obtained from the seismic analysis and performance
evaluation.

2. Interpret the findings in relation to the project objectives and research questions.

3. Discuss the implications of the results on structural design practices, code provisions,
and seismic retrofitting strategies.

4. Prepare a comprehensive report detailing the methodology, results, discussions, and

conclusions of the study.

5. Create visualizations (e.g., plots, graphs, diagrams) to illustrate key findings and trends.

6. Present the research outcomes through a seminar, conference presentation, or technical

report submission.

Deliverables:

1. Detailed project plan with timeline and milestones.

2. Literature review summarizing relevant research on seismic response of reinforced

concrete structures.

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3. Validated finite element models of multi-story structures with different framing
configurations.

4. Seismic analysis results including structural response parameters and performance

evaluation.

5. Comprehensive report documenting the methodology, results, discussions, and

conclusions.

6. Presentation materials for disseminating the research findings to relevant stakeholders.

Note: Regular progress monitoring and adjustments to the work plan is expected to
ensure timely completion of the project

5.2. Budget Breakdown

The budget will cover expenses related to computational resources, software licenses,
research materials, and dissemination activities. A detailed breakdown of expenses will be
provided, ensuring efficient utilization of resources throughout the duration of the project.
But as of now we don’t expect any significant expenses to complete this project.

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References

1. Chopra, Anil K. "Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake

engineering." Prentice Hall, 2012.
2. FEMA P-695. "Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors." Federal
Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, USA, 2009.
3. Park, R., & Paulay, T. "Reinforced Concrete Structures." John Wiley & Sons, 1975.
4. Shakeel, A., Khan, M. U., & Ahmad, N. (2018). "Experimental study on seismic
performance of reinforced concrete frames with different beam-column joint
details." *Journal of Structural Engineering*, 44(3), 321-335.

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