North American GT Conference 2018

EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS
CONTROL SYSTEM FLOW
ANALYSIS

Mohsen Ehteshami
Yi-Hsin Yen
Eric Myers
Matthew Werner
Brad Tillock (EngSim Corporation)

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BACKGROUND / CHALLENGE / PROBLEM

Background
• Gasoline fuel vapor need to collect properly during refueling (regulated by EPA)
• Carbon Canister is used to capture H-C
• Purge stored H-C in canister to engine while running
• Calibration team needs the EVAP system purge flow map
• Need to conduct bench test for EVAP system purge flow map

Problem
• EVAP purge flow map is generated late in the vehicle development cycle
• Any system design change requires repetition of tests
• Physical tests are costly and time consuming

2
CAE APPROACH

• Use CAE to generate the EVAP Purge Flow Map for Calibration

• 1D modelling to replicate full system bench testing of purge flow map

• Validate CAE results with bench test results

• Development of 1D flow models for components and the system

• Transient model of Canister Purge Valve (CPV)
• 3D CFD simulation of spider guard to generate performance curves
• Combining transient model for CPV with steady state performance
of carbon canister, spider guard and dual check valves

3
 EVAP SYSTEM

Vacuum
0% Vacuum (1 atm)

Engine

100% Vacuum (Full Throttle) Tank

Fresh Air Line

Carbon Canister

4
PROJECT / SOLUTION

CAE METHODOLOGY

CAD Model to CAE Model

1D modeling done in GT-SUITE

5
KEYWORDS

 EVAP System
Engine
 Vacuum Pressure Intake
Vacuum
 CPV (Canister Purge Valve)
 PWM Signal
 Operation Frequency
Vapor
 Duty Cycle Line

Ambient
Air
Pressure

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Duty Cycle = 49%
Duty Cycle = 91%
 CPV Schematic

Vacuum
 CPV Schematic

Viscous damping Switch

Spring Off

Clearance

Valve
Mass
Vacuum
CPV Schematic

Off
CPV Schematic

On
CPV Schematic

On
CPV Schematic

On
CPV Schematic

On
CPV Schematic

Off
CPV Schematic

Off
CPV Schematic

Off
CPV Schematic

Off
PROJECT / SOLUTION

CPV MODEL CPV Model Work Flow

1. PWM Signal: CPV control source

2. Force: Magnetic force calculated using PWM
signal as input
3. Mass: Calculate acceleration, velocity and
position of valve mass by Force input.
CPV Part CPV CAE
4. Orifice: Diameter of Orifice calculated using
position of mass (M) as input
Model 5. Flow: Mass flow rate will be calculated using
Detailed CPV CAE Model orifice size and pressure gradient as input.

5. * Note: CPV: Canister Purge Valve

* Acknowledgement: CPV Model built by Brad Tillock of
3. EngSim Inc..
1 2.
.
4.

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Pressure Map

1atm

Eng.
Vac.
Pressure Map

1atm

Eng.
Vac.
Bosch CPV Test with different Vacuum level

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EVAP System Purge Flow Network
Validation of EVAP System Flow Map CAE to Test Result
Conclusions
Evaporative Emissions System Flow Analysis
 GT 1D Model has good correlation for EVAP System
o Reasonably capturing flow effects of moving
armature
o Reasonably capturing electromagnetic force applied
to armature
 For steady state condition
o Capturing flow restriction due to internal geometric
features

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 THANK YOU
Q&A

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