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YZ@[@AXLHM L3
YMZ3
LPXM@ULDPLKGÛA
:
Yrme`smr. Cmrf` @hulrhm \ugat`rm Buümz
@d`ktrgkghlh y @d`ktrûagkl Jìsgkl
Juklrlblafl
[@KKGÛA :‛:
Klrfl `dçktrgkl
# √
5.:0<9
# √ :7
:7
↚ 8.58<9√
5.:0<9
# √
5.:0<9
# √ <6
:7
↚ :.6:<9√
5.:0<9
# √
5.:0<9
09<9
↚ > <9
5.:0<9
# √ <<9√
>9℻ ><9√
<9
5.:0<9 <℻
# √ (5
(5.:
.:0<9 )
0<9
# √ (>
(><9√)(5.:0<9 ) ↚ # √ 0<
<9 9 √
<9
;
Yrme`smr. Cmrf` @hulrhm \ugat`rm Buümz
@d`ktrgkghlh y @d`ktrûagkl Jìsgkl
Juklrlblafl
[@KKGÛA :‛;
5. [` utgdgzla qugag`atms cmud`s h` `a`rfâl plrl bmv`r <99 K h` klrfl pmr ua r`sgstmr. ½Kuìd
`s `d vmdtlc` l trlvçs h`d r`sgstmr=
099C <99K
099
↚ 0
<99
6. ½Kuìd `s `d vmdtlc` h` ual jlt`râl qu` utgdgzl >99 C h` `a`rfâl plrl bmv`r 89 K h` klrfl l
trlvçs h` ua r`sgstmr=
>99
↚ :9
89
>. ½Kuìatl `a`rfâl utgdgzl ual jlt`râl h` <: U plrl bmv`r :,0 K pmr ua kgrkugtm=
↚⋀
(<: ) ∖ (:.0 ) ↚ ;9
↚∖
∖
<999
↚ ;;.;;
(:) ∖ (<0)
8
Yrme`smr. Cmrf` @hulrhm \ugat`rm Buümz
@d`ktrgkghlh y @d`ktrûagkl Jìsgkl
Juklrlblafl
(l) 60 K `a < s
60
↚ 60
<
(k) 0 K `a : s
0
↚ :.0
:
<<. [`gs hçkgbms h` kmudmbj plsla pmr ua puatm `a ; s. ½Kuìd `s dl kmrrg`at` `a lbp`r`s=
5/<9
↚ 9.:
;
<:. ½Kuìatm tg`bpm r`qug`r`a <9 K plrl edugr bìs lddì h` ua puatm sg dl kmrrg`at` `s h` 0 L=
↚ :
<;. ½Kuìatms kmudmbjs plsla pmr ua puatm `a 9,< s kulahm dl kmrrg`at` `s h` <,0 L=
↚⋀
(<.0) ∖ (9.<) ↚ 9.<0
<8. 0.68<9 `d`ktrma`s eduy`a pmr ua ldlbjr` `a :09 bs. ½Kuìd `s dl kmrrg`at` `a lbp`r`s=
# √
5.:0<9
0.68<9 <
9.97: :09 ∖ 9.
9.:
:0
5.:0<9 <999
9.97:
↚ 9.;56;5
9.:0
0
Yrme`smr. Cmrf` @hulrhm \ugat`rm Buümz
@d`ktrgkghlh y @d`ktrûagkl Jìsgkl
Juklrlblafl
<0. H`t`rbga` dl kmahuktlakgl plrl klhl uam h` dms sgfug`at`s vldmr`s h` r`sgst`akgl3
<
(l) 0
<
↚ 9.:
0
(j) :0
<
↚ 9.98
:0
(k) <99
<
↚ 9.9<
<99
(j) 9.0[
<
↚ :
9.0
(k) 9.9:[
<
↚ 09
9.9:
[@KKGÛA :‛8
Eu`at`s h` vmdtlc` y h` kmrrg`at`
<7. ½Kûbm hgeg`r` ual eu`at` `d`ktrûagkl h` pmt`akgl h` dls h`bìs eu`at`s h` vmdtlc`=
5
Yrme`smr. Cmrf` @hulrhm \ugat`rm Buümz
@d`ktrgkghlh y @d`ktrûagkl Jìsgkl
Juklrlblafl
<99
9.:
.:
099
[@KKGÛA :‛0
Z`sgstmr`s
:<. H`t`rbga` dms vldmr`s h` r`sgst`akgl y tmd`rlakgl plrl dms sgfug`at`s r`sgstmr`s h` 8 jlahls
::. @aku`atr` dls r`sgst`akgls bâagbl y bìxgbl h`atrm h` dms dâbgt`s h` tmd`rlakgl plrl klhl
r`sgstmr h`d prmjd`bl :<.
(l)
Z2:6o ¼0%
2√ + ∖ 0 %
2√ :6 + (:6) ∖ (0
0%
%)
2√ :0
:0.5
.50
0
2 + ∖ 0%
2 :6 + (:6) ∖ (0%)
2√ :>
:>.;
.;0
0
(j)
Z2<.>o ¼<9%
2√ + ∖ 0 %
2√ <.
<.>
> + (<.>
.>) ∖ (
(0
0%)
2√ <.6<
<.6<
2 + ∖ 0%
2 <.>
<.> + (<.>) ∖ (0%)
2 <.>7
<.>7
6
Yrme`smr. Cmrf` @hulrhm \ugat`rm Buümz
@d`ktrgkghlh y @d`ktrûagkl Jìsgkl
Juklrlblafl
:;.. H`t`rbga` dls jlahls h` kmdmr plrl klhl uam h` dms sgfug`at`s vldmr`s h` 8 jlahls y 0%
h` tmd`rlakgl3 ;;9 :.: 05 <99 y ;7
(l);;9
Dl prgb`rl jlahl alrlacl2;.dl s`fuahl alrlacl2;,dl t`rk`rl `s kleç2< y dl kulrtl
jlahl `s kmdmr mrm.
(j):.:2::99
Dl prgb`rl jlahl rmcl2:.dl s`fuahl rmcl2:,dl t`rk`rl `s rmcl2: y dl kulrtl jlahl `s
kmdmr mrm.
(k)05205999
Dl prgb`rl jlahl v`rh`20.dl s`fuahl lzud25,dl t`rk`rl `s alrlacl2; y dl kulrtl
jlahl `s kmdmr mrm
(h)<992<99999
Dl prgb`rl jlahl kle`2<.dl s`fuahl a`frl29,dl t`rk`rl `s lblrgddl28 y dl kulrtl
jlahl `s kmdmr mrm.
(`);72;7999
Dl prgb`rl jlahl alrlacl2;.dl s`fuahl jdlakl27,dl t`rk`rl `s alrlacl2; y dl kulrtl
jlahl `s kmdmr mrm.
:0. H`t`rbga` dls jlahls h` kmdmr plrl klhl uam h` dms sgfug`at`s r`sgstmr`s h` 8 jlahls.
Lsubl qu` klhl r`sgstmr tg`a` ual tmd`rlakgl h`d 0 pmr kg`atm.
(l) 9.86
◍ Dl prgb`rl jlahl `s 9 2 A`frm, dl s`fuahl `s 8 2 Lblrgddm, dl t`rk`rl `s 9 2A`frm, y
dl kulrtl `s mrm 2 tmd`rlakgl h`d 0%
--A--L
--A--L--A--
--A--M
M--
(j) :69 Ö
:6
:699
9999
99
◍ Dl prgb`rl jlahl `s : 2 Zmcl, dl s`fuahl `s 62vgmd`tl, dl t`rk`rl `s 8 k`rms
2Lblrgddm, y dl kulrtl `s mrm 2 tmd`rlakgl h`d 0%
--
--ZZ--
--U
U--
--LL--
--MM‘
>