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PIVHI Lº8
Iouelas2
KÛV@A^I DXPGÇVVHR KMVG[PAZMHV
MXIEÉL ZÇVHR ZGHVA
EAOGLI VA@VÅDXHR ZGHVA
Drupa2
Lº :6
Hxphrghlkgi kurrgkuoir2
NG[GKAYXÅEGKI
Kgkoa `h hstu`gas2
^
@akhlth2
6:6:
ZVAFOHEI Lº 92
Kiokuoir ΐD piri ho prakhsa sgdughlth utgogzil`a oi nûreuoi `ho
kéokuoa `h hlhrdåi `h dgffs
K6M8AM (Ogq, 4=.; ºK, 9 ite) 5 K6M8AM (dis, 4=.; ºK, :.6 ite)
Oi thephrituri `h hfuoogkgûl `ho htilao oåqug`a fiba oi prhsgûl
lareio (hl ite) hs `h 4=.; ºK.
[AOXKGÛL2
D5 lVPOlZ6 / Z 9
D5 9 Ô =,;98 B /eaoC Ô ;89,08 C Ô ol ( :,6 / 9)
∖ 04:;,649 B
D5 5∖ 0,4: CB / eao
eao
ZVAFOHEI Lº 6
Hl thtrikoar
thtrikoarura
ura `h kirfala
kirfala hxmgfh
hxmgfh ois sgdughlths
sgdughlths prhsgalhs `h
vipar i ois thephrituris gl`gki`is2
P (ºK) ;: 8: 4: 9::
Z 906.; ;90.0 >69.9 90>;.:
(eeMd)
Hstifo
Hstifohk
hkhr
hr uli
uli hkui
hkuikg
kgûl
ûl quh
quh las
las `ç ho oad
oad 9: Z kaea uli
nulkgûl `ho glvhrsa `h oi thephrituri (9 / P). Xtgogzir pipho
egogehtri`a oglhio.
9/P (ºC) :.::;67 :.::;:7 :.::67 :.::6>4
Oad9:Z 6.98;6 6.07 6.47 ;.9>
(ee Md)
DVING
DVI NGKI
KI oad 9: Z vs. 9/P
Miooieas ΐMv2
ol
( )
Z6 ∎ M v 9 9
Z9
5 ( ∖ )
V P 9 P 6
Z6
ol Z9 Ô V
∎ M v 5
(
( )
9
∖
P 9 P 6
9
)
Paeieas2
Z9 5 906.; ee Md 5 :.9=4 ite3
Z6 5 ;90.0 ee Md 5 :.090 ite3
P9 5 ;:ºK 5 ;:;.98ºC3
P6 5 8:ºK 5 ;6;.98ºC.
V5 =.;98 B/eao C
∎ M v 5;6.;>= CB
y 5 ex + f
Hltalkhs2
∖;6.;>= CB
e5
B
6.;:; Ô =.;98
eaoC
e5∖9>7:.6=
f 54.0= 3 shdu
shdull oi dr
drin
ingki.
gki.
Zar oa tilta2
∖∎ M v 9
oad 9: Z5 ( )
6.;:; Ô V P
+ K
∖9>7:.6=
oad 9: Z5 + 4.0=
P
Kaehltirg
Kaehlt irga2
a2 Oi hkuikg
hkuikgûl
ûl `ho oad9: Z kaea uli nulkgûl `ho
glvhrsa `h oi thephrituri (9/P) kal oi iyu`i `ho kioar `h
vipargzikgûl y ho usa `h oi dréngki trizi`i rhsuota shr `h
-9>7:.6=/P + 4.0=.
ZVAFOHEI Lº ;
Ho idui
dui hxmg
xmgfh ois sgsgd
dugh
ughlths
lths prhs
prhsggalh
alhs `h vipar
ipar i ois
ois
thephrituris gl`gki`is2
P 0: 08 8: 88 >: >8 4: 48 =: =8
(ºK)
Z == 9:; 9;; 94; 69= 64; ;0; 09; 89; >=;
(mZi)
Miooil`a ho ∎ Mv
P 95 0: º K P 9 5 ;9;,98 C
9:; B
oad ( ) ∗ 6.;:; ∗ =.;98
== eao∗C
∎ M v 5
;9=,98 C ∖;9;,98 C
;9=,98 C ∗ ;9;,98 C
∎ M v 5 6>,:=9 CB
∖ ∎ M v 9
e5 3 f5 K ' 5glt
glthrsh
hrshkkgû
kkgûll `h
`hoi
oi rhkti3
rhkti3 y5 ol Z 3 x 5
6,;:; ∗ V P
∖6>,:=9 CB
e5
B
6,;:; ∗ =.;98 eaoC
e5∖9,;>9
∖ ΐM v 9
olZ 5
V ( )
P
+ K '
∖6>,:=9 CB 9 ∖ 7,04
ol Z5
V ( )
P
ZVAFOHEI Lº 0
I ‛ 8: ºK
ºK oas
oas vaoò
vaoòeh
ehlh
lhss eaoi
eaoirh
rhss `ho
`ho L6 (d)
(d) i `gvh
`gvhrs
rsis
is
prhsgalhs sal ois sgdughlths2
Érhi2
Z
∣ ι`Z 5 Érhi
Z 5 :
9::
∣ ι`Z5±
Z 5:
9::
∖:.:6> + (∖ :.:9> )
ι`Z 56: ite∔ +∖ :.:60 ¹:.:69
( )
6
∣
Z 5:
9::
∣ ι`Z 5|∖9.;6|
Z 5 :
Kahngkghlth `h Iktgvg`i`2
Z
Z
( VP )
9
Ô ∣ ι`Z
ol λ 5 ( VP )
9
Ô ∣ ι`Z 5± λ 5 h
Z5 :
Z 5 :
9
Ô 9.;6
( )
9 Ô Érhi :.:=69 ite.O Ô 66;.98 º C
λ 5 h( VP )
eao.c
5h
λ 59.:4049
Érhi2
Z
∣ ι`Z 5 Érhi
Z 5 :
6::
∣ ι`Z5±
Z 5:
6::
∖:.:6> + (∖ :.::0 )
ι`Z 56: ite∔ +∖ :.:60 ¹:.:69¹:.:9>
( )
6
∣
Z 5 :
6::
∣ ι`Z5|∖9.86|
Z 5:
Kahngkghlth `h Iktgvg`i`2
Z
Z
( VP )
9
Ô ∣ ι`Z
ol λ 5 ( VP )
9
Ô ∣ ι`Z 5± λ 5 h
Z5 :
Z 5 :
9
Ô 9.86
( )
9 Ô Érhi :.:=69 ite.O Ô 66;.98 º C
λ 5 h( VP )
eao.c
5h
λ 59.:=4
Érhi2
Z
∣ ι`Z 5 Érhi
Z 5 :
8::
∣ ι`Z5±
Z 5:
8::
8::
∣ ι`Z59.7=
Z 5:
Kahngkghlth `h Iktgvg`i`2
Z
ol λ 5
9
Ô
Z
ι`Z 5± λ 5 h
( VP )
9
Ô ∣ ι`Z
Z 5 :
( )
VP ∣
Z5 :
( )
9
Ô 9.7=
( )
9
λ 5 h VP
Ô Érhi
5h
:.:=69
ite.O
Ô 66;.98 º C
eao.c
λ 59.990