]Y@IOHGAZ

1.  Hlshdubka sh guhstral o`s rhsuotak`s `ithlbk`s kh pruhias kh oai`rat`rb` kh ula guhstra kh
jhghlt` asfaotbj` kh jurajbúl rápbka (YJ-98=). Khthrgblh sb oas pr`pbhkakhs kh hsth gathrbao
satbsfajhl oas hsphjbfbjajb`lhs kho Blstbtut` kho Asfaot`, para hsth tbp` kh gathrbao. Zb l`, °K`lkh
rakbjal oas kbfhrhljbas0
•  Vbsj`sbkak jblhgátbja a 1;=½F (6=½J) 7 96= (Jhltbst`ehs)
•
  ]ult` kh jhlthooh` (J`pa aibhrta kh [adobaiuh) 7 48½F
•  ]ruhia kh khstboajbúl, k`lkh ho p`r jbhlt` kh khstboak` p`r v`oughl kho khstboak` t`tao
hs 6>=½F (:6=½J).
A ;:4½F (998 ½J) 7 :8
A 8==½F (9== ½J) 7 8;
A 6==½F (:16 ½J) 748
•  Yhsbku` kh oa khstboajbúl a 6>=½F (:6= ½J) 7 6; pruhias para ho rhsbku` kh oa khstboajbúl
•  Kujtbobkak a 44½F (98½J) 7 28 jg
•  Vbsj`sbkak ais`outa a 1;=½F (6=½J)748= p`bshs,
•  Z`ouibobkak3 28 %

9.  Oas hsphjbfbjajb`lhs kh ula ghzjoa kh j`ljrht` asfaotbj` bljouyhl o` sbdubhlth3

Adrhdak`s druhs`s 7 6=%

Adrhdak`s fbl`s 7 :8%
Gathrbao kh rhoohl` 7 8%

Oa sbdubhlth taioa guhstra o`s rhsuotak`s kh ul aláobsbs kh gaooas kh o`s gathrbaohs kbsp`lbiohs.
Khthrgblh oa pr`p`rjbúl kh o`s kbfhrhlths adrhdak`s para `ithlhr oa draluo`ghtrça rhquhrbka

]`r jbhlt` p`r phs`

]asa oa gaooa Zh rhtbhlh hl Adrhdak` Adrhdak` fbl` Gathrbao kh
oa gaooa druhs` rhoohl` gblhrao

¼ puod (12.= gg) · puod ; - -

· puod(19.8gg) ¼ puod :6 - -

:/> puod (2.8gg) L`. ; ;= - -

L`. ; (;.48 gg) L`.1= 18 6 -

L`. 1=(9.==gg) L`.;= 8 :9 -

L`. ;=(=.;98gg) L`.>= - :: 8

L`.>=(=.1>=gg) L`.9== - 92 ;=

L`.9== (=.=48gg) - - - 88

[`tao - 1== 1== 1==

 

:.  Hl oa sbdubhlth taioa sh guhstra oa draluo`ghtrça kh k`s adrhdak`s A y I, quh sh val a j`giblar
para pr`kujbr ul adrhdak` ajhptaioh para usarsh hl oa fairbjajbúl kh ul j`ljrht` asfaotbj`, para
oa j`lstrujjbúl kh ul pavbghlt` kh jarrhthra. Zb o`s oçgbths rhquhrbk`s para oa draluo`ghtrça kh
oa ghzjoa s`l o`s quh sh guhstral hl oa sbdubhlth taioa, khthrgblh ula rhoajbúl akhjuaka para
j`giblar o`s adrhdak`s A y I, para `ithlhr ul adrhdak` j`giblak` quh sha ajhptaioh.

]`r jbhlt` quh pasa p`r phs`

[agañ` kh gaooa A I Ghzjoa
rhquhrbka

¼ puod (12.= gg) 1== 2> 26-1==

:/> puod (2.8gg) >= 46 68->=

L`. ; (;.48 gg) 8= ;8 ;=-88

L`. 1= (9.==gg) ;: :: :8-;=

L`. ;= (=.;98gg) 9= := 18-:8

L`.9== ; > 8->

(=.=48gg)

;.  Hl oa sbdubhlth taioa sh guhstral juatr` tbp`s kbfhrhlths kh adrhdak`, quh val a usarsh para
pr`kujbr ul adrhdak` j`giblak`, para usarsh hl oa fairbjajbúl kh j`ljrht` asfaotbj`. Khthrgblh
oa dravhkak hsphjçfbja iuoe kh oa ghzjoa kh adrhdak`s.

Gathrbao ]`r jbhlt` Dravhkak

p`r phs` hsphjbfbja

A :8 9.8>

I ;= 9.68

J 18 9.6=

K 1= 9.88

8.  Zb oa dravhkak hsphjbfbja kho jhghlt` asfaotbj` quh sh usa hl ula guhstra kh ula ghzjoa kh
j`ljrht` asfaotbj` hs 1.=1, oa dravhkak hsphjbfbja gáxbga kh oa ghzjoa hs 9.8=, y oa ghzjoa
j`ltbhlh 6.8% p`r phs` kh jhghlt` asfaotbj`, khthrgblh oa dravhkak hsphjbfbja hfhjtbva kh oa
ghzjoa.

6.  Hl oa sbdubhlth taioa sh obstal kat`s quh sh usal para `ithlhr ul kbshñ` kh ghzjoa para ul
j`ljrht` asfaotbj` para ghzjoa kh pavbghltajbúl. Zb oa dravhkak hsphjbfbja gáxbga kh oa ghzjoa
hs 9.;1 y oa dravhkak hsphjbfbja iuoe hs 9.:8, khthrgblh3 a) oa dravhkak hsphjbfbja iuoe gáxbga
 

kh oa ghzjoa kh pavbghltajbúl, i) ho asfaot` ais`ribk`, j) ho j`lthlbk` kh asfaot` hfhjtbv` kh oa

ghzjoa kh pavbghltajbúl y k) ho p`rjhltach kh vajb`s hl ho adrh
adrhdak`
dak` gblhrao VGA.

Gathrbao Dravhkak J`gp`sbjbúl kh oa ghzjoa p`r phs`

hsphjbfbja kh oa ghzjoa t`tao

Jhghlt` asfaotbj` 1.=9 6.;=

Adrhdak` druhs` 9.81 89.:8

Adrhdak` fbl` 9.4; ::.;8

Gathrbao kh rhoohl` gblhrao 9.62 4.>=

4.  ]ara oas ghzjoas kh j`ljrht` asfaotbj` ghzjoak` hl jaobhlth, thlkbk` hl jaobhlth, sb ho j`lthlbk`
kh asfaot` sh hsphjbfbja j`g` kho 8 ao 4 % °Júg` sh khthrgbla ho p`rjhltach úptbg`0

>.  Oa ghzjoa kh adrhdak` quh sh usa para ho kbshñ` kh ula ghzjoa kh j`ljrht` asfaotbj`, j`lsta kh
;9% kh adrhdak`s druhs`s, 81% kh adrhdak`s fbl`s y 4% kh gathrbao kh rhoohl` gblhrao. Zb oa

rhsphjtbva dravhkak hsphjçfbja iuoe kh jaka ul` kh hst`s gathrbaohs hs kh 9.6=, 9.41 y 9.62, y oa
dravhkak hsphjbfbja hfhjtbva kh o`s adrhdak`s hs kh 9.>9, khthrgblh ho j`lthlbk` úptbg` kh
asfaot` j`g` ul p`rjhltach kh oa ghzjoa t`tao, sb sh guhstral hl oa sbdubhlth taioa o`s rhsuotak`s
`ithlbk`s j`l ho us` kho gât`k` kh Garsnaoo. Oa dravhkak hsphjçfbja kho asfaot` hs 1.=9. (Xsh oa
taioa3 Jrbthrb`s sudhrbk`s para o`s oçgbths kh pruhia, para oas hsphjbfbjajb`lhs rhquhrbkas).

]hs` kho pr`t`tbp` (d)

% kh asfaot` Hl abrh Hl adua Hstaibobkak(
Hstaibobkak(oi)
oi) Fouc`(=.=
Fouc`(=.=1
1
puod)

8.8 1:98.: 4>8.6 1426 1:

6.= 1::=.1 42:.: 1>:6 1;

6.8 1::6.9 >==.> 1>61 16

4.= 1:;9.= >=;.8 1>1> 9=

4.8 1:;4.8 >=8.1 14=1 98

2.  Khthrgblh oa ais`rjbúl kh asfaot` kh oa ghzjoa úptbga kho pr`iohga althrb`r.

1=.  Oa oatbtuk para oa o`jaobkak k`lkh va a j`lstrubrsh ul jagbl` rurao kh aota vho`jbkak hs kh :8½ HO
6
HZAO hsphrak` hs kh :9 x 1= . Oa thgphratura suphrb`r pr`ghkb` kho abrh hl sbhth kças hs kh
8:½J, y oa thgphratura blfhrb`r kho abrh hs ± 9 ½J y ± 1½J rhsphjtbvaghlth, y ho hsphs`r kho
pavbghlt` hs kh 188 gg, khthrgblh ul jhghltalth asfaotbj` apr`pbak` para hsth pr`yhjt`,
para ula j`lfbaibobkak kh 2>%.
 

11.  Zh hstá kbshñak` ul jagbl` urial` kh ajjhs` j`ltr`oak` para ul árha j`ldhstb`laka hl
Tasnbldt`l, K.J. Zh hsphra quh ho tralsbt` sh guhva a iaca vho`jbkak oa gay`r parth kho tbhgp`.
Zb ho HZAO sh hstbga j`g` > x 1=6, khthrgblh ul jhghltalth asfaotbj` apr`pbak` para hsth
pr`yhjt`.

 
19.  Hl oa sbdubhlth taioa sh guhstral oas pr`pbhkakhs kh trhs j`giblajb`lhs kh adrhdak`s kh
pruhia quh val a hvaouarsh, j`l `icht` kh khthrgblar su akhjuaibobkak para usarsh hl ula
ghzjoa para pavbghlt` kh aot` khshgphñ` (Zuphrpavh). Zb ho tagañ` gáxbg` l`gblao kh gaooa
para jaka j`giblajbúl kh adrhdak`s hs kh 12 gg, khthrgblh ho j`lthlbk` blbjbao kho asfaot` kh
pruhia para jaka ula kh oas j`giblajb`lhs.

]r`pbhkak J`giblajbúl kh J`giblajbúl kh J`giblajbúl kh

pruhia B pruhia 9 pruhia :

   9.62> 9.626 9.411

   9.468 9.466 9.46;

Asugbr3 ] 3 =.=8 5 ] 7 =.28 3 V 3 =.=; 5 D 3 1.=9.

i s ia aj