Professional Documents
Culture Documents
quåeaob
^r`s`gtbmf pfr;
Hbrrbgquaiib, Btiâgof
3/>:/8>8>
Agtrfmuooaÿg
uiazbr pbr qu` ug prfmuotf qu`m` `g ibs e`kfr`s ofgmaoafg`s, sag qu` s` lbjb ug
qu` sfg euy aepfrtbgt`s pbrb `i m`sbrrfiif m` `stb t`eâob, `stfs ofgo`ptfs sfg;
Efi; @i efi `s ib ugambm m` e`mamb m`i _ast`eb Agt`rgboafgbi, pbrb e`mar ib obgmbm m`
sustbgoab.
Ebsb efibr; Ib ebsb efibr, s` r`c`r` b ib ebsb `g jrbefs (j) f daifjrbefs (dj) m` ug
efi m` oubiqua`r sustbgoab.
Ebsb efi`ouibr; Ib ebsb efi`ouibr `s i sueb m` ibs ebsbs m` ugb efiáouib, s` `xpr`sb
X`botvf Iaea`;
@i r`bovf iaeat` `g ugb `ouboaÿg quåeaob, `s bqu`i qu` m`t`reagb oubgtf prfmuotf s` vb
b fht`g`r. _` i`s iibebg b ifs ftrfs r`bovfs, r`bovfs `g `xo`sf, yb qu` vb b sfhrbr bijf
Fhk`vfs
Bpiaobr if bpr`gmamf `g ifs vam`fs prfpu`stfs, `g ifs `k`roaoafs bsajgbmfs y r`frzbr ifs
Am`gcobr y ofrr`jar, ifs `rrfr`s qu` s` t`gåbg `g `i m`sbrrfiif m` `stb t`eâob, pbrb bså
@xp`ra`goab Gf. :
OP@_]AFGBXAF
2<j m` jiuofsb h) 8>> efiáouibs m` sbobrfsb o) >,8 efi`s m` _F8 m) >,2 #p..j
8. ¶Ouâi `s `i eâxaef p`sf-t`ÿraof m` C`Oi 8 qu` pu`m` frebrs` ofg 2>j C`Oi ? y
?. @g ib r`booaÿg m`i Hr 8 ofg sfiuoaÿg m` DFL, s` prfmuo`g DHr, DHrF ? y L8F
M@_BXXFIIF
2. Ebyfr gûe`rf m` âtfefs;
O₃L₂₈F₃
O28L88F22
?,?82x2>8= efi m` O28L88F22 ↘ âtfefs 5 ?,?82x2> 8= ◆ 3,>88x2>8? 5
2,111x2>=< âtfefs m` O28L88F22
_F8
GbOi
Pgb v`z r`biazbmfs ifs oâiouifs `st`quafe`traofs, fhs`rvbefs
fhs`rvbefs qu` ibs
i bs obgmbm`s
ofg ebyfr gûe`rf m` âtfefs sfg O₃L₂₈F₃ y GbOi, behfs ofg 3,>88x2>88 âtfefs.
g5 >,>32 g5>,>:?
8 efi`s m` C`Oi ?
X.I
>,>32 efi`s m` C`Oi ? x 8 efi`s m` C`Oi8 x 28: j m` C`Oi 8 5 :,:=: j m` C`Oi8
b) Hb
Hbibg
ibgo`f
o`f m` ib `ouboa
`ouboaÿg;
ÿg;
Afg-`i`orÿg;
^bsf 2;
^bsf 8;
> +2 -2
X`muo`; Hr ↘ D Hr
8
^bsf ?;
^bsf =;
^bsf 0;
^bsf 3;
2>FL-
^bsf :;
03j m` DFL
e5<>>j e52>=,0j ¶6
g50 g52,<
? efi m` Hr8
X.I
2> efi
efi m` DFL x 2 efi m` DHrF
DHrF? x 0:j m` DHrF? 5 10j m` DHrF?
=. 8>j m` O0L=F
b) 8>j m` O0L=F 5 >,80 efi m` O0L=F ◆ 3,>88x2>8? 5 2,0>00x2>8? efiáouibs m` O0L=F
<>j/efi m` O0L=F
<>j O0L=F
23j/efi m` F
8? 8=
E5??2j 8efi`s
X.I