XMB^HT\B@E@ NTEMLB\LG KG\H @H LEC@E\

NELXCPE@ PHLMGCGIBLE BMIHMBHTBE LB^BC
ZTGDEDBCB@E@ R H\PE@Á\PBLE

5>. @h tg`es ces necces `h um pg `hthrabme`g `h umb`e` `h `bslg `urg `h lgapute`gre
lgapute`gre sh
`hthrabme quh hc 4:% `h hstgs hmh `eõe`g sgcg hc shltgr quh lgmhmh ce tedce `h
esbimelbüm `h erlfbvgs, hm 9:% sgcg cgs shltgrhs mg hshmlbechs hståm `eõe`gs y hm hc 5:%
temtg hc shltgr `h ce esbimelbüm lgag umg g aås shltgrhs mg hshmlbechs hståm `eõe`gs. \h
shchllbgme echetgrbeahmth ume umb`e` `h `bslg `eõe`g y sh hxeabme.

Hvhmtg E `eõg `hc shltgr `h esbimelbgm

Hvhmtg D `eõg `hc shltgr mg hshmlbec

 Z ( E ∢ °D )1:.4

 Z ( D ∢ °
 E )1:.9

 Z ( E ∢ D )1 :.5
e. ·Luåc hs ce prgdedbcb`e` `h quh hc shltgr `h esbimelbüm hsth `eõe`g7

° ) + Z ( E ∢ D ) 1:.4 + :.51:.<

 Z ( E )1 Z ( E ∢ D

d. ·Luåc hs ce prgdedbcb`e` `h quh um shltgr mg hshmlbec hsth `eõe`g7

 °
 Z ( D )1 Z ( D ∢  E ) + Z ( E ∢ D )1:.9 + :.51:.6

l. \b sh hmluhmtre quh ce umb`e` `h `bslg hmh um shltgr `h esbimelbüm `eõe`g. ·Luåc hs ce

prgdedbcb`e` `h quh eciumgs `h cgs shltgrhs mg hshmlbechs teadbâm hstâm `eõe`gs7

 Z ( D ∢  °
 E ) :.5 5
 Z ( D| E )1  1 1
 Z ( E ) :.< <

`. \b sh hmluhmtre quh ce umb`e` `h `bslg hmh um shltgr mg hshmlbec `eõe`g ·Luåc hs ce

prgdedbcb`e` `h quh hc shltgr `h esbimelbüm teadbâm hsth `eõe`g7
 

XMB^HT\B@E@ NTEMLB\LG KG\H @H LEC@E\

NELXCPE@ PHLMGCGIBLE BMIHMBHTBE LB^BC
ZTGDEDBCB@E@ R H\PE@Á\PBLE

 Z ( E ∢ °D ) :.4 5

 Z ( E|D )1  1 1
 Z ( D ) :.6 0

e. \b sh hmluhmtre
hmluhmtre quh
quh ce umb`e` `h `bslg
`bslg hmh um shl
shltgr
tgr `h esbi
esbimelb
melbüm
üm `eõe
`eõe`g,
`g, ·Luå
·Luåcc
hs ce prgdedbcb`e` `h quh mbmiûm shltgr mg hshmlbec hsth `eõe`g7

 Z ( E ∢ D ) + Z ( D ∢ °

 E ) :.6
 Z ( E|D )1   1 14.>>
 Z ( E ) :.<

n. \b sh hmluhmtre quh ce umb`e` `h `bslg hmh um shltgr mg hshmlbec `eõe`g ·Luåc hs ce

prgdedbcb`e` `h quh hc shltgr `h esbimelbüm mg hstå `eõe`g7

 Z ( D ∢  °
 E ) :.5
 Z ( D| E )1   1 1:.548
 Z ( D ) :.6

59 . Xm prgireae `h lgmtrgc `h lecb`e` hm ume cámhe `h agmtekh `h dgthcces `h pcåslg

bapcble bmsphllbgmer dgthcces thrabme`es pere `hthlter necces, lgag fuhlgs ablrgslgpbgs.
Ce prgpgrlbüm `h dgthcces quh hmh tec necce hm rhecb`e` hs `h sgcg :.:::4. \b ume dgthcce
hmh ume necce, ce prgdedbcb`e` hs :.228 `h quh mg peserå ce bmsphllbüm. \b ume dgthcce mg
hmh necce, ce prgdedbcb`e` hs `h :.22 `h quh peserå ce bmsphllbüm.

e. \b ume dgthcce mg pese ce bmsphllbüm,

b msphllbüm, ·Luåc hs ce prgdedbcb`e` `h quh hmh necce

 Z ( Mg
 Mg peser )1( :.2226∙:.:5 ) + ( :.:::4∙:.2228 )1:.:5:52

:.:::4∙:.2228 )
 Necce / Mg peser )1 (
 Z ( Necce 1:.:52>
:.:5:52

d. ·Luåc `h ces sbiubhmths hs ce bmthrprhtelbüm aås lgrrhlte `h ce rhspuhste emthrbgr7

b) Ce aeygráe `h ces dgthcces quh mg pesem ce bmsphllbüm mg hmhm necce

bb) Ce aeygráe `h ces dgthcces quh pese ce bmsphllbüm hmhm necce.

Ths./ Ce rhspuhste aås lgrrhlte hs ce eraelbüm hs ce b

l. \b ume dgthcce pese ce bmsphllbüm. ·Luåc hs ce prgdedbcb`e` `h quh mg thmie necce7

 Z ( Zeser
 Zeser )1( :.2226∙:.22 ) + ( :.:::4∙:.::8 )1:.262
 

XMB^HT\B@E@ NTEMLB\LG KG\H @H LEC@E\

NELXCPE@ PHLMGCGIBLE BMIHMBHTBE LB^BC
ZTGDEDBCB@E@ R H\PE@Á\PBLE

( :.2226∙:.22 )
 Z ( Mg
 Mg necce / Zeser )1 1:.222
:.262

`. ·Luåc `h ces sbiubhmths hs ce bmthrprhtelbüm aås lgrrhlte `h ce rhspuhste hc bmlbsg l)7

b) Ce aeygráe `h ces dgthcces quh mg pesem ce bmsphllbüm hmh necce

bb) Ce aeygráe `h ces dgthcces quh epruhdem ce bmsphllbüm mg hmhm necce.

Ce rhspuhste aås lgrrhlte hs ce enraelbüm hs ce bb

h. Hxpcbquh pgrquâ ume prgdedbcb`e` phquhõe hm hc bmlbsg e) mg hs um prgdchae tem irem`h

lgag ume irem prgdedbcb`e` hm hc bmlbsg l).

\b hm hc bmlbsg D ce prgdedbcb`e` hs aes irem`h, bm`blerbe quh ces dgthcces quh pesem ce
bmsphllbgm mg hstem hxhptem `h `eõgs

56. Ce tedce sbiubhmth prhshmte ce numlbüm `h aese `h prgdedbcb`e` `hc mûahrg `h `hnhltgs
  hm um tedchrg `h lbrlubtgs baprhsgs hchib`g echetgrbeahmth.

x : 5 4 <
p(x) :.8 :.< :.5 :.5
(x) :.8 :.< :.5 :.5

N(x) :.8 :.6 :.2 5

e) @ht
hthr
hra
abm
bmh
h ( 
  3 4)1 Z(:)+Z(5)1 N(5)1:.6 16:%
d) @hthrabmh (  
 ≨ 5)1 Z(5)+Z(4)+Z(<)1N(<)-N(:)1 :.8 18:%
l) @hthrabmh .

 x° 1·

 x° 1:. 6
`) ^erbemze

ό   x4x 15 . >∔ ( :. 6 )41 :.2>

 

XMB^HT\B@E@ NTEMLB\LG KG\H @H LEC@E\

NELXCPE@ PHLMGCGIBLE BMIHMBHTBE LB^BC
ZTGDEDBCB@E@ R H\PE@Á\PBLE

52. Xm eutgaüvbc vbhkg lgm um agtgr `h luetrg lbcbm`rgs hs cchve`g e um tecchr pere
ekustercg. \he V hc mûahrg `h lbcbm`rgs lgm lgaprhsbüm deke.  

e) ·Luåc `h ces trhs numlbgmhs `e`es hm ce tedce sbiubhmth hs ume numlbüm `h aese `h
prgdedbcb`e` pgsbdch `h V7 Hxpcbquh.

 Zgr `hmblbüm `h prgdedbcb`e`

Hmtgmlhs; Ce numlbüm muahrg `gs pgrquh su suaetgrbe tgtec pgr le`e bmthrvecg `h lbcbm`rgs
lgm lgaprhsbüm deke shrå biuec e ce umb`e`.

d) Zere ce numlbüm `h aese `h prgdedbcb`e` pgsbdch, lecluch ah`be y verbemze

 Ah`be
 5
 x° 1 ( ( :.5∙: )+ ( :.<∙5 ) + ( :.<∙4 ) + ( :.4∙ < ) + ( :.4∙0 ) )
5:
 x° 1:.4<

 ^erbemze
4 :.:45
ό  x 1
5:
4
ό  x 1:.::45
 

XMB^HT\B@E@ NTEMLB\LG KG\H @H LEC@E\

NELXCPE@ PHLMGCGIBLE BMIHMBHTBE LB^BC
ZTGDEDBCB@E@ R H\PE@Á\PBLE

4:. Hm 5:: `áes `bnhrhmths, um bmihmbhrg hsphlbecbze`g hm hc tråmsbtg `h eutgaüvbchs luhmte

hc mûahrg `h âstgs quh pesem pgr lbhrtg lrulhrg hmtrh ces 8;:: y 8;:8 p.a. Cgs rhsucte`gs
sh prhshmtem hm ce tedce sbiubhmth.

e) \he   hc mûahrg `h eutgaüvbchs quh pesem pgr hc lrulhrg hmtrh ces 8;:: y ces 8;:8
p.a. hm um `áe hchib`g echetgrbeahmth. Eciubhm suibhrh quh pere luecqubhr hmthrg
pgsbvg , ce `h aese `h prgdedbcb`e` `h    hs 5() 1 (:.4)(:.6)  . Xsem`g hste
numlbüm, lecluch ( 
  ≠ ) pere vecgrhs `h  `h : e 8 bmlcusbvh.

Z(:) 1 (:,4)(:,6 · ·:1 :,4

Z(5) 1 (:,4)· 1 :,5>
4
Z(4) 1 (:,4)( :,6 ) 1 :,546
Z(<) 1 (:,4)(:,6 · ·<1 :,5:40
0
Z(0) 1 (:,4)( :,6 )  1 :,:652
Z(8) 1 (:,4)( :,6 )8 1 :,:>88

d) Gtre phrsgme
phrsgme suibhrh
suibhrh quh pere luec
luecqubhr
qubhr hmthrg
hmthrg pgsbt
pgsbtbvg
bvg , ce numlbüm
numlbüm `h aese

`h prgdedbcb`e`
pere vecgrhs `h hs`h4: () 1 (:.0)(:.>)  . Xsem`g hste numlbüm, lecluch ( ≠ )
e 8 bmlcusbvh.

Z(:) 1 (:,0)(:,> · ·:1 :,0

Z(5) 1 (:,0)· 1 :40
Z(4) 1 (:,0)( :,> )41 :,500
Z(<) 1 (:,0)(:,> · ·<1 :,:6>0
0
Z(0) 1 (:,0)( :,> )  1 :,:856
Z(8) 1 (:,0)( :,> )8 1 :,:<55

l) Lga
Lgaper
perhh cgs rhsucte`
rhsucte`gs
gs `h cgs bmlb
bmlbsgs
sgs e) y d) lgm cgs `et
`etgs
gs `h ce tedce. ·Lu
·Luåc
åc
numlbüm `h aese `h prgdedbcb`e` perhlh shr hc ahkgr ag`hcg7 Hxpcbquh.
 

XMB^HT\B@E@ NTEMLB\LG KG\H @H LEC@E\

NELXCPE@ PHLMGCGIBLE BMIHMBHTBE LB^BC
ZTGDEDBCB@E@ R H\PE@Á\PBLE

Hm eades numlbgmhs ces prggdedbcb`e`hs mg sgm ces absaes, phrg sh eprgxbaem

pgr aemhkg `h `hlbaechs

`) Eciubhm
Eciubhm `blh quh mbmiume
mbmiume `h ce
cess numlbg
numlbgmhs
mhs hs um duhm a
ag`hcg
g`hcg ye qu
quh
h mbmium
mbmiume
e
lgbmlb`h hxelteahmth lgm cgs `etgs. ·Hstg hs lgrrhltg7 Hxpcbquh.

Eumquh hs lbhrtg quh hm mbmium ag`hcg lgbmlb`h, ec hster fedcem`g sgdrh ume
auhstre mg thmhags `etgs hxeltgs `h cg quh glurrh lgm ce pgdcelbgm

45. .Ce fb`rgihmelbüm `hc dhmlhmg pere hc lblcgfhxemg hs prgagvb`e lgm umletecbze`gr
`h máquhc `bvb`b`g hm pgrgs bmgs. Hc letecbze`gr `h pertáluces sh puh`h lgmsb`hrer
lgag hsnhres `h `bnhrhmths teaeõgs. Pg`es ces pertáluces tbhmhm aeses hmtrh 5: y
9:. \he V ce aese `h ume pertáluce
pertáluce hchib`e echetgrbeahm
echetgrbeahmth.
th. Ce numlb
numlbüm
üm `h `hmsb`e`
`hmsb`e`
`h prgdedbcb`e` `h V hstå `e`e pgr;

e) ·Luåc hs ce prgpgrlbüm `h perluces quh hmh ume aese ahmgr e 8: γi7

 | 1
8: 8:
 x ∔5:  x 4∔4: x
∯ 56:: `x 1· <>:: 5:
:.000 ·
5:

d) @hthrabmh ce ah`be `h ces aeses `h ces perluces.

9: 9:
 x ∔5:  x 4∔58 x

∯ 56:: `x 1· <>:: 18: ·

 |
5: 5:

l) @hthrabmh ce `hsvbelbüm hståm`er `h ces aeses `h ces perluces.

 | ∔
9: 9:
 x ∔5:  < x
0
∔0: x <
4
∯
ό   xx 1  x
4

56::
`x ∔8: 1·
4

45>:: 5:
4
8: 1 4:: ·
5:

ό   xx 1∛ 4::150.504

`)@hthrabmh ce numlbüm `h `bstrbdulbüm eluauceve `h ces

c es aeses `h cesperluces.
 x

 N ( x )1 ∯ n  ( ( t ) `t 

∔∝
 

XMB^HT\B@E@ NTEMLB\LG KG\H @H LEC@E\

NELXCPE@ PHLMGCGIBLE BMIHMBHTBE LB^BC
ZTGDEDBCB@E@ R H\PE@Á\PBLE

 x

 Bn x 3 5: , N  ( (  xx )1 ∯ : `t 1 :

∔∝

4
 x
 x  x ∔5: x + 8:
t ∔5: 4
 5: ≠ x 3 9: , N ( x ) 1
 Bn  5: ∯ : `t +∯ `t 1 · ·
∔∝ 5:
56:: 56::
5: 9:  x
t ∔5:
 Bn x ≨ 9: , N  ( ( x
 x ) 1 ∯ : `t +∯ 56:: `t +∯ : `t 1· 5 ·
∔∝ 5: 9:

h) @hthrabmh ce ah`beme `h ces aeses `h ces perluces.

 N ( x
 x a ) 1:.8pgr cg temtg;
4
 x a
4 ∔5: x + 8: 1:.8
56::
4
 x a184.04>