Hsfinhturh
 Hsfinhturh Ehtjs eb` h`ulnj
h`ulnj Dbkch
Uæknfkhs eb _]@ FF7 Lbefkfnh  Hpb``fejs7
eb` Urhmhgj, Brijnjlìh y 
_sfkjsjkfj`jiìh Hp`fkheh Njlmrb7

Hktfvfehebs
Urhmhgj7 Efsbøj eb pubstjs eb trhmhgj
Ebskrfpkfûn

@h jdfkfnh eb unh blprbsh tfbnb 2? l =  eb supbrdfkfb y bn b``h trhmhghn efbz blp`bhejs

rbh`fz
rbh`fzhne
hnej
j sus thrbhs
thrbhs bn pjsfkf
pjsfkfûn
ûn sbebn
sbebntbtb (sbnth
(sbnthejs
ejs)) eurhnt
eurhntbb tjeh
tjeh su gjrnhe
gjrnheh.
h. Kheh
Kheh
trhmhghejr efspjnb bn su pubstj eb `js sfiufbntbs b`blbntjs7
Rnh lbsh eb trhmhgj, kjlpubsth pjr un thm`brj eb 8,2 l x ?,3 l x ?,?2 l (`hrij x hnkcj x
h`tj) qub sb hpjyh sjmrb ejs khgjnbrhs eb ?,9 l x ?,5 l x ?,9 l. B` thm`brj bstè sftuhej eb
th` ljej qub sjmrbsh`b pjr `js kuhtrj kjsthejs eb `hs khgjnbrhs.

Rnh sf``h eb ?,3 l x ?,3 l x ?,4 l.

Rn pbqubøj hrkcfvhejr eb ?,9 l x ?,9 l x ?,2 l qub sb bnkubntrh bn b` sub`j, h` `hej eb`
trhmhghejr.
Fiuh`lbntb, bn `h jdfkfnh chy kfnkj hrlhrfjs hrkcfvhejrbs eb = l x ?,4 l x = l y unh
flprbsjrh eb 8,2 l x ?,6 l x 8 l. B` tbkcj eb `h jdfkfnh bstè h =,9 l eb h`turh.
[b ebsbh
ebsbh efsbø
efsbøhr
hr unh nubvh
nubvh pubrth
pubrth phrh
phrh `h jdfkfn
jdfkfnh,
h, prbsth
prbsthnej
nej bspbkf
bspbkfh`
h` htbnkf
htbnkfûn
ûn h `hs
sfiufbntbs eflbnsfjnbs7 h`turh eb `h pubrth, hnkcj eb `h pubrth, h`turh h `h kuh` sb sftuhrè `h
lhnf``h j lhnfgh y h`turh h `h kuh` sb sftuhrè unh vbnthnh phrh pjebr vbr h trhvæs eb `h pubrth.
_hrh b``j sb vhn h tjlhr kjlj rbdbrbnkfh `hs lbefehs hntrjpjlætrfkhs eb `h pjm`hkfûn
bsphøj`h, eb `hs kuh`bs sb lubstrh un bxtrhktj eb `h thm`h

_rbiunths eb` prjdbsjr

ºKulp`b `h jdfkfnh ebskrfth `js rbqufsftjs eb` ]bh` Ebkrbtj 534/8669 bn kuhntj h `hs
eflbnsfjnbs eb `js `jkh`bs eb trhmhgj (h`turh eb` pfsj chsth b` tbkcj, supbrdfkfb `fmrb pjr
trhmhghejr y vj`ulbn `fmrb pjr trhmhghejr): Ebmbs gustfdfkhr hebkuhehlbntb kûlj rbh`fzhs
`js kè`ku`js.
 Ehtjs fnfkfh`bs7

 [upbrdfkfb eb `h jdfkfnh< 2? l=.

 N÷lbrj eb trhmhghejrbs< 8?
  H`turh pfsj-tbkcj< =,9
=,9 l

UBLH = ‛ Hktfvfehebs © Rnfvbrsfehe Fntbrnhkfjnh` eb @h ]fjgh (RNF])

 

 Hsfinhturh
 Hsfinhturh Ehtjs eb` h`ulnj
h`ulnj Dbkch
Uæknfkhs eb _]@ FF7 Lbefkfnh  Hpb``fejs7
eb` Urhmhgj, Brijnjlìh y 
_sfkjsjkfj`jiìh Hp`fkheh Njlmrb7

Lubm`bs # eb Lbefehs Kè`ku` Lbefeh Lbefeh

Lubm`bs j Rnfthrfh Ujth` l=
Lbsh 8? 8,2x?,3x?,?2 8,2 x ?,3 8,= 8=

K
[fh`g`hjsnbrhs =
8?? ?
?,,9
3xx?
?,,53xx?
?,,94 ?
?,,3
9 x ?,5x ?
?,,=
435 2
4,,4
5??
?,3
 Hrkcfvhejr 8? ?,9x?,9x?,2
?,9x?,9x?,2 ?,9 x ?,9
?,56 5,6?
 Hrlhrfjs 2 =x?,4x= = x ?,4
8,= 4
Flprbsjrhs 8 8,2x?,6x8 8,2 x ?,6
8,;2 8,;2
[ulh 2,84 ;4,=2
 Th`jrbs h rbsthr (sf``hs
(sf``hs , khgjnbr
khgjnbrhs)
hs) ?,6= 8=
[ulh Dfnh` 5,=5 =5,=2
=
 Rnh vbz rbh`fzhej b` kè`ku`j bn l  eb kheh sulfnfstrj eb jdfkfnh `jkh`fzheh bn `h

supbrdfkfb eb trhmhgj njs eh un tjth` eb =5,=2 l =.

 [b rbstj `hs khgjnbrhs ebmfej h qub yh bsthmhn fnk`ufehs bn `hs eflbnsfjnbs qub

jkuph b` bskrftjrfj
 @h supbrdfkfb eb `h sf``h eb trhmhgj nj sb ebskjnthrè kuhnej bsth bstæ jkupheh pjr b`
trhmhghejr eurhntb su gjrnheh eb trhmhgj.
[upbr
[upbrdfk
dfkfb
fb `fmrb
`fmrb eb` trhmh
trhmhghe
ghejr
jr bn b` èrbh7
èrbh7 phr
phrh
h jmtbnb
jmtbnbrr bstb
bstb vh`jr
vh`jr hp`fkh
hp`fkhljs
ljs `h
sfiufbntb dûrlu`h7
èr
èrbh
bh tjth`∝èr
èrbh
bh utf`fzheh
utf`fzheh
[upbrdfkfb`fmrb
[upbrdfkfb`fmrb eb` trhmhghe
trhmhghejr
jr <
º ebtrhmhghejrbs

2?∝=5,=2 =
< =,23 l
8?

‐[upbr
‐[upbrdfk
dfkfb
fb `fmrb
`fmrb77 _hrh
_hrh ebtbr
ebtbrlfn
lfnhr
hr b` kulp`f
kulp`flfb
lfbntj
ntj eb` rhefj
rhefj eb supbr
supbrdfk
dfkfb
fb `fmrb
`fmrb pjr
trhmhghejr bn un `jkh` eb trhmhgj bs nbkbshrfj kh`ku`hr `h supbrdfkfb tjth` eb` `jkh` y rbsthr`b h
bsb vh`jr `h supbrdfkfb jkupheh pjr tjejs `js b`blbntjs lhtbrfh`bs bxfstbntbs bn b` `jkh` y,
dfnh`lbntb, efvfefr b` rbsu`thej pjr b` n÷lbrj eb trhmhghejrbs jkuphntbs eb` `jkh` eb trhmhgj.“
]hefj eb supbrdfkfb `fmrb pjr trhmhghejr bn un `jkh`, kh`ku`hljs eb `h sfiufbntb lhnbrh7
supbrdf
supbrdfkfb
kfb tjth`
tjth` eb``jkh`
eb``jkh` ∝ supbr
supbrdfkfb
dfkfb jkupheh
jkupheh pjr`js
pjr `js lhtbrfh`bs
lhtbrfh`bs eb jdfkfnh
jdfkfnh
º eb trhmhg
trhmhghej
hejrbrbss bn b` `jkh`
`jkh`

[upbr
[upbrdfk
dfkfb
fb nj jkuphe
jkupheh
h pjr b` trhmhg
trhmhghej
hejr7
r7 bn bstb
bstb kè`ku`
kè`ku`j
j eb vj`ulbn
vj`ulbn `fmrb
`fmrb pjr
pjr
trhmhghejr kjnvbrtfljs eb l= h l; phrh `ubij kjntfnuhr eb `h sfiufbntb lhnbrh7
=
( [upbrdfkfb x h`turh<2? x =,9<8;2 l )
[upbrdfkfb

8;2∝ =2,92 <8?,6;

8?

UBLH = ‛ Hktfvfehebs © Rnfvbrsfehe Fntbrnhkfjnh` eb @h ]fjgh (RNF])

 

 Hsfinhturh
 Hsfinhturh Ehtjs eb` h`ulnj
h`ulnj Dbkch
Uæknfkhs eb _]@ FF7 Lbefkfnh  Hpb``fejs7
eb` Urhmhgj, Brijnjlìh y 
_sfkjsjkfj`jiìh Hp`fkheh Njlmrb7

Krftbr
Krftbrfj
fj 8 sbi÷n
sbi÷n ]E 534/
534/866
8669.
9.  Hnbxj F Kjnefkfjnbs ibnbrh`bs
ibnbrh`bs eb sbiurfehe bn `js
`uihrbs eb trhmhgj
Krftbrfj ]bsu`thejs eb Eflbnsfjnbs Kulp`b
=. Bsphkfjs eb trhmhgj y zjnhs pb`firjshs.
h) ; lbtrjs eb h`turh ebseb b` pfsj
ch
chst
sth
h b` tb
tbkc
kcj.
j. Nj jmst
jmsthn
hntb
tb,, bn B` tbkcj eb `h jdfkfnh bstè h =,9 l eb [F
`jkh`b
`jkh`bss kjlbr
kjlbrkfh
kfh`b
`bs,
s, eb sbrvf
sbrvfkfj
kfjs,
s, h`turh
jdfkfnhs y ebsphkcjs, `h h`turh pjerè
rbeukfrsb h =,2 lbtrjs.
 m) = lbtrjs kuherhejs eb supbrdfkfb =,23 l= [F
`fmrb pjr trhmhghejr.
k) 8? lbtrjs k÷mfkjs, nj jkuphejs, 8?,6; [F
pjr trhmhghejr.

]bsp
]bspjn
jneb
eb h `hs
`hs sfiu
sfiufb
fbnt
ntbs
bs pr
prbi
biun
unth
ths,
s, gust
gustfd
fdfk
fkhn
hnej
ej bn kheh
kheh khsj
khsj `h eflb
eflbns
nsfû
fûn
n
hntrjpjlætrfkh
hntrjpjlætrfkh y b` pbrkbntf` qub chmrìh qub sb`bkkfjnhr7

_brkbntf`
Eflbnsfûn _brkbntf` b`bifej
_2 _2? _62
Lhsh kjrpjrh` (pbsj, ai) 28,? 9?,? 6=,9 _627 6=,9
Bsthturh (ll) 8 2=2 8 442 8 3?= _627 83?=
 H`turh eb `js jgjs (ll)
(ll) 8 5=; 8 223 8 466 _27 85=;
 H`khnkb lèxflj cjrfzjnth`
cjrfzjnth` _627 932
4?4 9?? 932
(ll)
 H`turh pjp`ìtbh (ll)
(ll) ;43 586 545 _627 545
 Hnkcj eb khebrhs, sbnthej
sbnthej _627 589
;82 ;45 589
(ll)
 Hnkcurh bntrb
bntrb kjejs (ll) ;49 548 25= _62725=
 H`turh eb `js cjlmrjs _278=24
8 =24 8 ;35 8 2?3
(ll)
 Hnkcurh eb cjlmrjs
cjlmrjs (ll) ;?5 ;9= 5;= _6275;=
 H`turh eb` lus`j, sbnthej
sbnthej _627482
563 223 482
(ll)
 H`turh eb` kjej (ll)
(ll) 6;= 8 ?=9 8 8== _276;=
_rjdunefehe eb hsfbntj _2752?
52? 56= 25?
(`jniftue eb` lus`j, ll)

j ºKuè` bs `h h`turh lìnflh qub ebmbrè tbnbr `h pubrth qub sb qufbrb efsbøhr:

UBLH = ‛ Hktfvfehebs © Rnfvbrsfehe Fntbrnhkfjnh` eb @h ]fjgh (RNF])

 

 Hsfinhturh
 Hsfinhturh Ehtjs eb` h`ulnj
h`ulnj Dbkch
Uæknfkhs eb _]@ FF7 Lbefkfnh  Hpb``fejs7
eb` Urhmhgj, Brijnjlìh y 
_sfkjsjkfj`jiìh Hp`fkheh Njlmrb7

 _ 62<83?= ll

 _ 62<83?,= kl + ( 8,452 x 2 )< 833,5 kl

@h pubrth ebmb tbnbr 833,5= kl kjlj lìnflj
j ºKuè` ebmbrè sbr su hnkcurh lìnflh:
 _ 62<25= ll
 _ 62<25,= kl + ( 8,452 x 2 )< 4=,5
@h hnkcurh lìnflj ebmbrìh sbr 4=,5 kl

j ºH quæ h`turh ebmbrè bsthr `h lhnf``h sf sb ebsbh qub `b qubeb h `h lhyjrìh eb `js
trhmhghejrbs pjr ebmhgj eb` nfvb` eb` kjej:
 _ 2< 6;=
 _ 2<6;,= kl + ( 8,452 x 2 ) < 8?8,5 kl
@h hnkcurh eb `h lhnf``h ebmbrìh sbr hprjxflhehlbntb
hprjxflhehlbntb 8?8,5 kl bs ebkfr 8 lbtrj

j ºH quæ h`turh ebmbrè kj`jkhrsb b` mjreb fndbrfjr eb `h vbnthnh phrh qub `h lhyjrìh eb
`js trhmhghejrbs pubehn vbr h trhvæs eb b``h:
 _ 2< 8=24

 _ 2<8=2,4 kl + ( 8,452 x 2 ) <8;;,3=

B` mjreb fntbrfjr ebmbrìh
ebmbrìh sbr eb 8,;; l phrh dhkf`fthr `h jmsbrvhkfûn h` bsthr eb pfb.

Mfm`fjirhdìh7
]bh` Ebkrbtj 534/8669, eb 85 eb hmrf`, sjmrb efspjsfkfjnbs lìnflhs eb sbiurfehe y sh`ue bn
trhmhgj. Mj`btìn Jdfkfh` eb` Bsthej,
`js `uihrbs eb trhmhgj. Mj`btìn Bsthej , eb =; eb hmrf` eb 8669.
]bh` Ebkrbtj 534/8669, eb 85 eb hmrf`, Iuìh tæknfkh phrh `h bvh`uhkfûn y prbvbnkfûn eb `js
rfbsijs rb`htfvjs h `h utf`fzhkfûn eb `js `uihrbs eb trhmhgj, eb lhrzj eb =?82.
[jrìh
[jrìh bt h`. (=?83)
(=?83).. Uæ
Uæknf
knfkhs
khs eb _]@
_]@77 Lbefkfnh eb` Urhmhgj, Brijnjlìh y _sfkjsjkfj`jiìh
 Hp`fkheh ‛ @jirjøj,
@jirjøj, Bsphøh, RNF].
RNF].

UBLH = ‛ Hktfvfehebs © Rnfvbrsfehe Fntbrnhkfjnh` eb @h ]fjgh (RNF])