\jcvlrscbhb Jhgcnjha Hut÷jnkh bl Kãxcgn

Ehguathb bl Lstubcns Wuplrcnrls
Guhutctaèj

Cjmljclrëh Xuëkcgh

Ah`nrhtnrcn Kuatcbcsgcpacjhrcn Lxplrckljtha CC

Cjenrkl lxplrckljtha
Klbcbnrls bl eauin.

Mrupn9 02<8H

_rneh.9 Hjh Khrëh Wntn @hutcsth

_rneh.9 Hjh Khrëh Wcxtn @lrrngha

Haukjns9

 @èrgljhs Gèrbljhs Uhjch Hjmãacgh

 Ghsthølbh @htrls Lbuhrbn
 Gdhgnj Knjthz Ilsscgh
 Knrhals Pnklrn Ilsùs Ha`lrtn
  Plsãjbcz Dlrjèjblz Uëgtnr \rcla

Elgdh bl ljtrlmh9 02 bl Khrzn, 0?8=.

 

Cjtrnbuggc÷j
Lj ah hgtuhacbhb ah klbcgc÷j bla eauin ls ah vhrch`al kès ckpnrthjtl lj ah
nplrhgc÷j bl ujh pahjth, pnrqul scj lsth klbcbh la `hahjgl bl khtlrch, la
gnjtrna bl ghacbhb y ah nplrhgc÷j kcskh bl uj prnglsn gnjtcjun slrëhj ghsc
ckpnsc`als bl rlhaczhr, yh qul lsth jns bh cjenrkhgc÷j hglrgh bl an qul ngurrl
bljtrn bl julstrh tu`lrëh y jns hyubh h tljlr uj klinr gnjtrna bl julstrn
prnglsn.

Lxcstlj kugdns kãtnbns gnjech`als phrh ah klbcgc÷j bl eauin, ujn bl ans kès
gnkujls ls la qul sl `hsh lj ah klbcgc÷j bl ahs ghëbhs bl prlsc÷j ghushbhs
pnr ah cjslrgc÷j lj ah aëjlh bl eauin, bl hamùj klghjcskn qul rlbugl ah slggc÷j6
bnjbl ha phshr la eaucbn h trhvãs bl ah rlbuggc÷j hukljth su vlangcbhb y su
ljlrmëh gcjãtcgh6 uj lilkpan bl laan snj ahs pahghs bl nrcecgcn.

Ahs pahghs bl nrcecgcn ls ujn bl ans cjstrukljtns bl klbcgc÷j kès hjtcmuns, eul
bcsløhbn phrh ushrsl lj mhsls, jn n`sthjtl sl dh hpacghbn hkpachkljtl y gnj
mrhj ãxctn phrh klbcr la mhstn bl hmuh lj tu`lrëhs.

Ah vljthih bl ahs pahghs bl nrcecgcn, h ah dnrh bl klbcr ghubhals, ls su `hin

gnstl, la cjgnjvljcljtl ls ah ehath bl prlgcsc÷j. La usn bl ah pahgh bl nrcecgcn lj
lstl ghsn ls phrh grlhr ujh pãrbcbh bl ghrmh hbcgcnjha lj ah tu`lrëh. Ahs
klbcbhs bla bcèkltrn bl nrcecgcn, la èrlh bl ah pahgh bl nrcecgcn y la khtlrcha
vcljlj lsplgcecghbns pnr la eh`rcghjtl phrh hyubhrjns h rlhaczhr ans gèaguans lj
ah klbcgc÷j bl eauin.

Gnkn yh sl kljgcnj÷ lxcstlj bcelrljtls kãtnbns y klbcbnrls qul jns hyubhj

n jns bhj algturh lj ah klbcgc÷j bla ghubha, scj lk`hrmn lj lstè nghsc÷j
dh`ahr
dh` ahrlkn
lkns
s hglrgh
hglrgh bla rntèkl
rntèkltrn
trn qul thk`cã
thk`cãj j lstè
lstè cjstha
cjsthahbn
hbn bljtrn
bljtrn bla
scstlkh bla cjtlrghk`chbnr qul hjhaczhkns lj ah lxplrckljthgc÷j rlhaczhbh.

La rntèkltrn gnjscstl lj uj tu`n lj la guha lstè cjslrthbn uj eanthbnr guyh

eujgc÷j ls slr la khrghbnr bla ghubha qul sl lstè kcbcljbn ha blihr qul la
eaucbn phsl h trhvãs bla tu`n. La rntèkltrn ls pnpuahr bl`cbn h qul tcljl ujh
lsghah acjlha, uj rhjmn bl klbcgc÷j rlahtcvhkljtl ahrmn y ujh `hih ghëbh bl
prlsc÷j. Ls eègca bl ushr y sckpal bl cjsthahr y khjtljlr.

Mljlrhacbhbls
_hrh la gèaguan bla ghubha jns `hshkns lj qul ah prlsljgch bl ujh pahgh bl
nrcecgcn, lj la cjtlrcnr bl ujh tu`lrëh pnr ah qul gcrguah uj eaucbn, nrcmcjh ujh
bcelrljgch bl prlsc÷j lstètcgh ljtrl ans bns ahbns bl ah pahgh.

La ghubha h trhvãs bl uj nrcecgcn sl bltlrkcjh klbchjtl ah lguhgc÷j9

 

X;G b ∙ 0 m ∅ _

Bnjbl

X ;Ghubha lj k7/s

Gb; Gnlecgcljtl bl blsghrmh (hbckljscnjha).

m; mrhvlbhb lj k/s0

∅ _ ; Ghëbh bl prlsc÷j lj _h

 Rhjtn ah nplrhgc÷j bl ah pahgh bl nrcecgcn gnkn ah bla rntèkltrn sl `hsh lj la

prcjgcpcn bl èrlh vhrch`al9 lj ghsn bl ah pahgh bl nrcecgcn ujh rlbuggc÷j lj ah
slggc÷j bla èrlh trhjsvlrsha ls ah rlspnjsh`al bl mljlrhr ujh ghëbh bl prlsc÷j
qul jns hyubhrè h bltlrkcjhr ah klbcgc÷j bla ghubha vnaukãtrcgn

Lj la ghsn bla rntèkltrn la eauin bl eaucbn lalvh la eanthbnr lj uj tu`n, an qul

hukljth la èrlh phrh la phsn bla eaucbn. Guhjtn khynr ls la eauin, kès hatn sl
lalvh la eanthbnr. Ah haturh bla eanthbnr ls bcrlgthkljtl prnpnrgcnjha ha ghubha.
Gnj aëqucbns, la eanthbnr sl lalvh pnr ujh gnk`cjhgc÷j bl ah eanth`cacbhb bla
aëqucbn y ah haturh lqucvhaljtl bl vlangcbhb bla eaucbn.

N`iltcvns
 Gnjnglr ahs bcelrljgchs lj la eujgcnjhkcljtn bl ans klbcbnrls9
_ahgh bl nrcecgcn
Pntèkltrn
 Nplrhr hblguhbhkljtl la lqucpn cjsthahbn lj la ALK y n`tljlr bhtns
jlglsh
jlg lshrcn
rcns
s phrh
phrh ah rlhacz
rlhaczhgc
hgc÷j
÷j bl ans gèagua
gèaguans
ns pnstlr
pnstlrcnr
cnrls
ls ha trh`hi
trh`hin
n
lxplrckljtha.
 Hjhaczhr ans bhtns n`tljcbns lxplrckljthakljtl gnj ans qul sl tcljlj lj
ah actlrhturh.

Khtlrcha lqucpn y rlhgtcvns.

 Pntèkltrn y pahgh bl nrcecgcn cjsthahbns lj la cjtlrghk`chbnr bl tu`ns y
gnrhzh y ah pahgh bl nrcecgcn cjsthahbh lj ah prul`h bl `nk`hs.
 Grnjnkltrn.
 

_rnglbckcljtn lxplrckljtha VBchmrhkh bl eauin[

Plsuathbns lxplrckljthals
Bcèkltr Bcèkltr
X H;
n8 n0 U;X/H; Β_;
α(a`/cj*s) Ϗ (cjZ7/s (Ϗ*BZ0)/2
tu`lrëh nrcecgcn (cj/s) a`/cjZ0
) VcjZ0[
(cj) (cj)
?.7?74<=34 72.08??5
?.500 ?.285 =.??L-?< 7.828<3 8?.73< ?.0<
7 ?<5
?.7?74<=34 7<.2==?3
?.500 ?.285 =.??L-?< 7.828<3 8?.=4 ?.<
7 342
?.500 ?.285 =.??L-?< 7.828<3 87.45 ?.7?74<=34 2<.58728 ?.=<
7 2?=
?.7?74<=34 24.82=23
?.500 ?.285 =.??L-?< 7.828<3 82.57 8
7 057
?.7?74<=34 <<.=23=0
?.500 ?.285 =.??L-?< 7.828<3 85.32 8.0<
7 478

Pntèkltrn.
X rntè
rntèkl
kltrtrn
n X gu`l
gu`ltntnkl
kltr
trn
n
?.?0<0 ?.?05=
?.?<?2 ?.?<=5

?
?..?
8=?<
?=3 ?
?..?
8=?3
<34
 

?.8058 ?.8707
?.8<82 ?.8=8<
?.8=55 ?.8374
?.0?83 ?.0885
?.00=8 ?.074
?.0<07 ?.054

?.0==5 ?.74?0

Hjèacscs bl rlsuathbns
 Rrhthbn bl ans bhtns
bhtns lxplrckljthals

Bcèklt Bcèklt H;
X Β_;
rn 8 rn 0 α(a`/cj* (Ϗ*BZ0) U;X/H; ψD0N|
  Ϗ (cjZ7/ a`/cjZ
tu`lrëh nrcecgcn s) /2 (cj/s) 8<¿G
s) 0
.( cj) (cj) VcjZ0[
=.??L- 7.828< 72.08??
?.500 ?.285 8?.73< ?.7?74< ?.0< ?.?75
?< 3 5?
?.500 ?.285 =.??L- 7.828< 8?.=4 ?.7?74< 7<.2==? ?.< ?.?75
?< 3 33
=.??L- 7.828< 2<.5872
?.500 ?.285 87.45 ?.7?74< ?.=< ?.?75
?< 3 82
=.??L- 7.828< 24.82=2
?.500 ?.285 82.57 ?.7?74< 8 ?.?75
?< 3 30
=.??L- 7.828< <<.=23=
?.500 ?.285 85.32 ?.7?74< 8.0< ?.?75
?< 3 04

ΰ; B0/B8 mg (cj/sZ0) Gb (Lxp.) Jùk. Pl.

?.55448?03 745.2 ?.2553300 =784.3348
?.55448?03 745.2 ?.72022?04 =<3?.?=08
?.55448?03 745.2 ?.7<32457 3=<4.55287
?.55448?03 745.2 ?.704583<< 8?7??.4808
?.55448?03 745.2 ?.72?77<7< 8830=.0<50

 Mrhecgh bl ah vlangcbhb gnjtrh ah ghëbh bl ah prlsc÷j lj ah pahgh bl

nrcecgcn.
 

Β_ vs U
8.2

8.0

8
   0
   Z
   j
   c ?.4
    /
    `
    a
    [ ?.5
  ;
    V
   _
   Β ?.2

?.0

?
7? 7< 2? 2< <? << 5?
U V;[ (cj/s)

 Mrhecgh bla vhanr bla gnlecgcljtl bl blsghrmh lxplrckljtha gnjtrh la

jùklrn bl Plyjnabs lj la nrcecgcn.

Gnlegcljtl bl blghrmh vs Juk. Pl.

80???

88???

8????
 .
   l
   P
 . 3???
   k
   u
   J 4???

=???

5???
?.7 ?.70 ?.72 ?.75 ?.74 ?.2 ?.20 ?.22 ?.25 ?.24
Gb (Lxp.)

 Mrèecgh bl ghac`rhgc÷j bla rntèkltrn.

 

Ghac`rhgc÷j bla Pntèkltrn

?.2

?.7<

?.7 e(x) ; 8.08 x ∐ ?.?8

P° ; ?.3<

?.0<

?.0

?.8<

?.8

?.?<

?
? ?.?< ?.8 ?.8< ?.0 ?.0< ?.7

Gnjgauscnjls
Bl hgulrbn h an n`slrvhbn lj ah lxplrckljthgc÷j y lj julstrh prcklrh mrèecgh
bl hjèacscs bl rlsuathbns sl blkulstrh qul ahs ghëbhs bl prlsc÷j sl ljguljtrhj
rlahgcnjhbh gnj ah vlangcbhb bla eaucbn, ha cmuha qul ntrns ehgtnrls gnkn ah
anjmctub y bcèkltrn bl tu`lrëh, bcgdn bl ntrh khjlrh julstrh
ju lstrh vhrch`al
cjblpljbcljtl pnbrëh slr ah vlangcbhb bla eaucbn bhbn qul ah anjmctub y
bcèkltrn bl tu`lrëh ls ujh gnjsthjtl phrh la scstlkh.

_hrh ah ghac`rhgc÷j bla rntèkltrn n`slrvhkns qul julstrh mrhecgh grlgl bl

enrkh lxpnjljgcha, pnr an qul ha hukljtn bla eauin vh aalmhr uj knkljtn lj la
guha la tclkpn vh h slr blkhschbn gnrtn gnkn phrh hrrnihrjns bhtns prlgcsns
bla vnauklj gnj la guha lsthkns trhthjbn, bnjbl ujh enrkh bl snaugcnjhr lsth
sctuhgc÷j ls pahjtlhr uj vnauklj gnjsthjtl khynr ha klbcbn lj la rntèkltrn y
dhglr ujh rlahgc÷j bl vnauklj-tclkpn phrh pnblr bltlrkcjhr gnj khynr
glrtlzh ah ghjtcbhb bl eauin gnj ah guha sl vh h lsthr trh`hihjbn.

Klknrch bl gèaguan
 Gèaguan bla èrlh.
0
ϏB
 H ;  
2

 H ;( Ϗ ) ¾  ?.500)Z0/2
 

H; ?.7?73 cj

 Gèaguan bla vnauklj h trhvãs bla ghubha

X;U . H

X
U ;
 H
7
cj
8?.73<
s
U ; 0
;72.08?0
?.7?74<=347 c j

ΰ; B0/B8

?.500
 ΰ ;
?.285

 Ghaguan bla jùklrn bl Plyjnabs

( ?.500 )( 72.08??5 )( ?.?75 )

ℑ;   ; ¾=784.3348
(=.??L-?< )
Ulangcbhb9 U ; ¾72.08??5?<5

Bcèkltrn9 b ; ¾?.500cj Bljscbhb9 ψ ;?.?75 Ucsgnscbhb9 ¼;¾ =.??L-

?<(a`/cj.s)

@c`acnmrheëh
Uhacljtl H. @. prn`alkhs bl eauin bl eaucbns, lbctnrcha ackush WH bl GU, 0¿
lbcgc÷j, klxcgn 8334

Grhjl, eauin bl eaucbns, Kg. Mrhw Dcaa, Kãxcgn

 

_lrry P.D. Khjuha bla Cjmljclrn Xuëkcgn, Kg. Mrhw Dcaa-cjtlrhklrcghjh, =¿

Lbcgc÷j, Lsphøh 0?8?