Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jpî`lngb ;
:. N`trcluggn÷`
7.: Ab`brjf
?.: Ab`brjf
1. Gc`snlbrjgnc`bs
Gc`snlbrjgnc`bs cpbrjgnc`jfbs
1.; Gjfnongjgn÷`
Ctrjs fbgturjs
:. N`trcluggn÷`
:.:.: Fj crnb`tjgn÷` gc`tb`nlj b` bstb lcgueb`tc tnb`b pcr ckibtc prcpcrgnc`jr n`ocrejgn÷`
sckrb fjs bspbgnongjgnc`bs lnspc`nkfbs pjrj bf jauj pjrj usc ojrejgîutngc (QTR), crnb`tjgn÷`
sckrb quî gjfnljl lb jauj utnfnzjr pjrj jpfngjgnc`bs bspbgåongjs, gcec fj ojkrngjgn÷` lb
n`arblnb`tbs ojrejgîutngcs jgtnvcs (JTN) y ocrejs lb lcsnongjgn÷`, y pjrj prcpcrgnc`jr
crnb`tjgn÷` sckrb kub`js prêgtngjs lb ojkrngjgn÷` (AET) gc` rbspbgtc jf lnsbúc, n`stjfjgn÷` y
cpbrjgn÷` lb snstbejs ojrejgîutngcs lb jauj. Ju`qub bf ckibtnvc lb bstb lcgueb`tc bs bf jauj
pjrj jpfngjgnc`bs ojrejgîutngjs, fjs pjutjs tjeknî` publb` sbr rbfbvj`tbs pjrj ctrcs uscs
n`lustrnjfbs c bspbgåongcs b` fcs qub sb publb` jpfngjr fjs bspbgnongjgnc`bs y prêgtngjs. @ctj9 Bstb
lcgueb`tc `c gukrb bf jauj pjrj fj jlen`nstrjgn÷` j pjgnb`tbs b` bf bstjlc ocreufjlc c bf usc
lb pbqubújs gj`tnljlbs lb jauj b` ojrejgnjs pjrj gcekn`jr eblngjeb`tcs rbgbtjlcs
n`lnvnlujfeb`tb.
:.:.; Fj auåj lb AET pjrj QTR gc`tb`nlj b` bstb lcgueb`tc tnb`b fj n`tb`gn÷` lb sbr
gcepfbeb`tjrnj j fjs pjutjs ab`brjfbs lb AET pjrj prclugtcs ojrejgîutngcs pukfngjljs pcr fj
CEW (Gcentî lb Bxpbrtcs lb fj CEW b` Bspbgnongjgnc`bs pjrj Trbpjrjgnc`bs Ojrejgîutngjs.
\rnaîsnec sîptnec n`ocreb. An`bkrj, Craj`nzjgn÷` Eu`lnjf lb fj Wjful, ;447 (Wbrnb lb N`ocrebs
\îg`ngcs lb fj CEW, @c. >48), J`bxc <).
:.:.7 Bstb lcgueb`tc sb rbonbrb j fjs bspbgnongjgnc`bs lnspc`nkfbs, tjfbs gcec fjs ojrejgcpbjs y
fjs pjutjs lb fj n`lustrnj pjrj bf usc, prcluggn÷`, jfejgb`jenb`tc y lnstrnkugn÷` lb jauj j
arj`bf. Tjrj bvntjr gc`ousnc`bs, `c n`tb`tj lupfngjr lnghc ejtbrnjf.
:.:.2 Guj`lc bxnstj` pu`tcs sutnfbs lb lnobrb`gnj b`trb fjs bspbgnongjgnc`bs ojrejgcpbjs, sb
bspbrj qub bf ojkrngj`tb lbgnlj quî cpgn÷` bfbanr lb jgubrlc gc` fj jutcrnzjgn÷` lb
gcebrgnjfnzjgn÷` rbfjgnc`jlj prbsb`tjlj j fj jutcrnljl rbaufjlcrj `jgnc`jf lb eblngjeb`tcs.
:.;.: Bf jauj bs fj sustj`gnj, ejtbrnj prnej c ejtbrnj prnej eês utnfnzjlj b` fj prcluggn÷`,
prcgbsjenb`tc y ocreufjgn÷` lb prclugtcs ojrejgîutngcs. \nb`b prcpnbljlbs quåengjs ù`ngjs
lbknlc j su pcfjrnljl y b`fjgbs lb hnlr÷ab`c. Bstc sna`nongj qub publb lnscfvbr, jkscrkbr,
jlscrkbr c suspb`lbr eughcs gcepubstcs lnobrb`tbs. Bstcs n`gfuyb` gc`tjen`j`tbs qub publb`
rbprbsb`tjr u` pbfnarc b` så ensecs c qub publb` rbjggnc`jr gc` fjs sustj`gnjs lbf prclugtc
prbvnstc, fc qub rbsuftj b` rnbsacs pjrj fj sjful.
:.;.; Bf gc`trcf lb fj gjfnljl lbf jauj lurj`tb fcs prcgbscs lb prcluggn÷`, jfejgb`jenb`tc y
lnstrnkugn÷`, n`gfunlj fj gjfnljl engrckncf÷angj y quåengj, bs u`j prbcgupjgn÷` nepcrtj`tb. J
lnobrb`gnj lb ctrcs n`arblnb`tbs lb prclugtcs y prcgbscs, bf jauj ab`brjfeb`tb sb bxtrjb lb u`
snstbej kjic lbej`lj y `c bstê suibtj j prubkjs `n j fj fnkbrjgn÷` lb fctbs c fctbs j`tbs lb su
usc. Bf jsbaurjenb`tc lb fj gjfnljl pjrj guepfnr gc` fjs bxpbgtjtnvjs kjic lbej`lj bs, pcr fc
tj`tc, bsb`gnjf. Jlbeês, gnbrtjs prubkjs engrckncf÷angjs publb` rbqubrnr pbråclcs lb n`gukjgn÷`
y, pcr fc tj`tc, bs prckjkfb qub fcs rbsuftjlcs vjyj` j fj zjaj lbf usc lbf jauj.
:.;.7 Bf gc`trcf lb fj gjfnljl engrckncf÷angj lb QTR bs u`j jftj prncrnljl. Jfau`cs tnpcs lb
engrccraj`nsecs publb` prcfnobrjr b` fcs gcepc`b`tbs lbf trjtjenb`tc lbf jauj y b` fcs
snstbejs lb jfejgb`jenb`tc y lnstrnkugn÷`. Bs grugnjf en`nenzjr fj gc`tjen`jgn÷` engrcknj`j
eblnj`tb bf lnsbúc jlbgujlc lbf snstbej, fj lbsn`obggn÷` pbrn÷lngj y tcej`lc fjs eblnljs
jlbgujljs pjrj prbvb`nr fj prcfnobrjgn÷` engrcknj`j.
;.: Fcs snstbejs lb prcluggn÷`, jfejgb`jenb`tc y lnstrnkugn÷` lb jauj ojrejgîutngj lbkb` sbr
lnsbújlcs, n`stjfjlcs, gcensnc`jlcs, gjfnongjlcs y ej`tb`nlcs pjrj ajrj`tnzjr fj prcluggn÷`
gc`onjkfb lb jauj lb u`j gjfnljl jlbgujlj. Bs `bgbsjrnc vjfnljr bf prcgbsc lb prcluggn÷` lb
jauj pjrj ajrj`tnzjr qub bf jauj ab`brjlj, jfejgb`jlj y lnstrnkunlj `c supbrb fj gjpjgnljl
lnsbújlj y guepfj gc` sus bspbgnongjgnc`bs.
;.; Fj gjpjgnljl lbf snstbej lbkb lnsbújrsb pjrj sjtnsojgbr fj lbej`lj lb ofuic prceblnc y pngc
lb fj cpbrjgn÷` jgtujf. Wn bs `bgbsjrnc, lbpb`lnb`lc lb fjs lbej`ljs outurjs pfj`nongjljs, bf
snstbej lbkb bstjr lnsbújlc pjrj pbrentnr jueb`tcs b` fj gjpjgnljl c lnsbújlc pjrj pbrentnr
eclnongjgnc`bs. \clcs fcs snstbejs, n`lbpb`lnb`tbeb`tb lb su tjejúc y gjpjgnljl, lbkb` tb`br
u`j rbgnrgufjgn÷` y u`j rctjgn÷` jlbgujljs pjrj ajrj`tnzjr qub bf snstbej bstî knb` gc`trcfjlc
quåengj y engrckncf÷angjeb`tb.
;.7 Bf usc lb fcs snstbejs lbspuîs lb fj vjfnljgn÷` n`ngnjf (gjfnongjgn÷` lb n`stjfjgn÷` (NZ),
gjfnongjgn÷` cpbrjtnvj (CZ) y gjfnongjgn÷` lb rb`lnenb`tc (TZ)) y lbspuîs lb gujfqunbr trjkjic lb
ej`tb`nenb`tc c eclnongjgn÷` pfj`nongjlc y `c pfj`nongjlc lbkb sbr jprckjlc pcr bf
lbpjrtjeb`tc lb ajrj`tåj lb gjfnljl (ZJ) utnfnzj`lc Lcgueb`tjgn÷` lb gc`trcf lb gjekncs.
;.< Fjs oub`tbs lb jauj y bf jauj trjtjlj lbkb` gc`trcfjrsb pbrn÷lngjeb`tb pjrj lbtbgtjr
gc`tjen`jgn÷` quåengj, engrckncf÷angj y, sbaù` gcrrbspc`lj, pcr b`lctcxn`js. \jeknî` sb lbkb
ec`ntcrbjr bf lbsbepbúc lb fcs snstbejs lb purnongjgn÷`, jfejgb`jenb`tc y lnstrnkugn÷` lb
jauj. Wb lbkb` ej`tb`br rbanstrcs lb fcs rbsuftjlcs lbf ec`ntcrbc, j`êfnsns lb tb`lb`gnjs y
gujfqunbr jggn÷` tcejlj.
;.2 Guj`lc fj lbsn`obggn÷` quåengj lb fcs snstbejs lb jauj bs pjrtb lbf prcarjej lb gc`trcf lb
kncgc`tjen`jgn÷`, sb lbkb sbaunr u` prcgblnenb`tc vjfnljlc pjrj ajrj`tnzjr qub bf prcgbsc lb
lbsn`obggn÷` hjyj snlc bobgtnvc y qub bf jab`tb lb lbsn`obggn÷` sb hjyj bfnen`jlc bobgtnvjeb`tb.
7.: Ab`brjf
7.:.: Fcs snaunb`tbs rbqunsntcs sb rbonbrb` jf jauj prcgbsjlj, jfejgb`jlj y lnstrnkunlj j arj`bf.
@c gukrb` fj bspbgnongjgn÷` lbf jauj ocreufjlj pjrj fj jlen`nstrjgn÷` lbf pjgnb`tb. Fjs
ojrejgcpbjs n`gfuyb` bspbgnongjgnc`bs pjrj fcs tnpcs lb jauj j arj`bf y b` lcsns.
7.;.: Bf jauj pctjkfb sb lbkb suen`nstrjr kjic prbsn÷` pcsntnvj gc`tn`uj b` u` snstbej lb
pfcebråj fnkrb lb lbobgtcs qub publj` gc`tjen`jr gujfqunbr prclugtc.
7.;.; Bf jauj pctjkfb `c bstê eclnongjlj, bxgbptc pcr bf trjtjenb`tc fnentjlc lbf jauj lbrnvjlj
lb u`j oub`tb `jturjf c jfejgb`jlj. Bibepfcs lb oub`tbs `jturjfbs n`gfuyb` ej`j`tnjfbs, pczcs,
råcs, fjacs y bf ejr. Fj gc`lngn÷` lb fj oub`tb lb jauj lngtjrê bf trjtjenb`tc rbqubrnlc pjrj qub
sbj sbaurj pjrj bf gc`suec huej`c (kbkbr). Bf trjtjenb`tc tåpngc n`gfuyb lbsjfn`nzjgn÷`,
jkfj`ljenb`tc, bfnen`jgn÷` lb bspbgnongnljlbs, rbluggn÷` lb pjrtågufjs y trjtjenb`tc
j`tnengrcknj`c.
7.;.7 Bs gceù` qub bf jauj pctjkfb sb lbrnvb lb u` suen`nstrc pùkfngc lb jauj qub publb sbr
u`j gcekn`jgn÷` lb eês lb u`j lb fjs oub`tbs `jturjfbs b`uebrjljs j`tbrncreb`tb. \jeknî`
sb publb suen`nstrjr lbslb u`j oub`tb bxtbr`j, p. u` eu`ngnpnc, c fj gjfnljl jlbgujlj sb publb
fcarjr b` bf sntnc j trjvîs lbf prcgbsjenb`tc jlbgujlc.
7.;.< \jeknî` bs gceù` qub fjs craj`nzjgnc`bs pùkfngjs lb suen`nstrc lb jauj rbjfngb` prubkjs
y ajrj`tngb` qub bf jauj pctjkfb b`trbajlj sbj lb gjfnljl pctjkfb. Bstj prubkj sb rbjfnzj
tåpngjeb`tb b` jauj lb fj oub`tb lb jauj.
7.;.2 Bs rbspc`sjknfnljl lbf ojkrngj`tb ojrejgîutngc jsbaurjr qub fj oub`tb lb jauj qub
suen`nstrj bf snstbej lb trjtjenb`tc lb jauj purnongjlj (TQ) guepfj gc` fcs rbqunsntcs
2.;.< Wb lbkb` gc`snlbrjr prubkjs jlngnc`jfbs sn hjy jfaù` gjeknc b` fj oub`tb lb jauj grulj,
fjs tîg`ngjs lb trjtjenb`tc c fj gc`onaurjgn÷` lbf snstbej.
2.;.2 Fj rbvnsn÷` lb tb`lb`gnjs sb publb utnfnzjr pjrj nlb`tnongjr gjekncs. Wn fj gjfnljl lbf jauj
pctjkfb gjeknj sna`nongjtnvjeb`tb, pbrc tcljvåj bstê lb`trc lb fjs bspbgnongjgnc`bs, bf usc
lnrbgtc lb bstj jauj gcec QTR, c gcec jauj lb jfneb`tjgn÷` pjrj fjs btjpjs lb trjtjenb`tc
jaujs jkjic, lbkb rbvnsjrsb y lcgueb`tjrsb bf rbsuftjlc lb fj rbvnsn÷`.
2.;.? Guj`lc bf jauj pctjkfb sb lbrnvj lb u` snstbej "n`tbr`c" pjrj bf trjtjenb`tc lb jauj
grulj, sb lbkb` lcgueb`tjr fcs pjscs lb trjtjenb`tc lbf jauj utnfnzjlcs y fj gc`onaurjgn÷` lbf
snstbej. Fcs gjekncs b` bf snstbej c b` su ou`gnc`jenb`tc `c lbkb` rbjfnzjrsb hjstj qub sb hjyj
gcepfbtjlc u`j rbvnsn÷` y bf gjeknc hjyj snlc jprckjlc pcr bf lbpjrtjeb`tc lb gc`trcf lb
gjfnljl lb jgubrlc gc` fcs prcgblnenb`tcs lb gc`trcf lb gjekncs.
2.;.1 Guj`lc bf usujrnc jfejgb`j y lnstrnkuyb jauj pctjkfb, fcs snstbejs lb jfejgb`jenb`tc `c
lbkb` pbrentnr fj lbarjljgn÷` lb fj gjfnljl lbf jauj j`tbs lb su usc. Lbspuîs lb lnghc
jfejgb`jenb`tc, fjs prubkjs lbkb` ffbvjrsb j gjkc lb ocrej rutn`jrnj lb jgubrlc gc` u`
eîtclc lbon`nlc. Guj`lc sb jfejgb`j jauj, bf lnsbúc y fj cpbrjgn÷` lbf snstbej lbkb`
ajrj`tnzjr u`j rctjgn÷` c rbgnrgufjgn÷` lbf jauj jfejgb`jlj suongnb`tb pjrj bvntjr bf
bstj`gjenb`tc.
2.;.> Bf jauj pctjkfb gceprjlj j arj`bf y trj`spcrtjlj jf usujrnc pcr gjen÷` gnstbr`j tnb`b
prckfbejs y rnbsacs jlngnc`jfbs `c jscgnjlcs gc` bf jauj pctjkfb suen`nstrjlj pcr tukbråj. Fj
bvjfujgn÷` lbf prcvbblcr y fjs jgtnvnljlbs lb gbrtnongjgn÷` jutcrnzjljs, n`gfunlj fj gc`onrejgn÷`
lb fj jgbptjknfnljl lbf vbhågufc lb b`trbaj, lbkb` rbjfnzjrsb lb ocrej snenfjr j fj utnfnzjlj pjrj
gujfqunbr ctrc ejtbrnjf lb pjrtnlj.
2.;.:4 Fcs bqunpcs y snstbejs utnfnzjlcs pjrj prclugnr jauj pctjkfb lbkb` pclbr lrb`jrsb y
lbsn`obgtjrsb. Fcs tj`qubs lb jfejgb`jenb`tc lbkb` gbrrjrsb gc` rbspnrjlbrcs jlbgujljeb`tb
prctbanlcs, y lbkb` pbrentnr fj n`spbggn÷` vnsujf y bf lrb`jib y fj lbsn`obggn÷`. Fjs tukbråjs lb
lnstrnkugn÷` lbkb` pclbr lrb`jrsb c b`iujajrsb y lbsn`obgtjrsb.
2.;.:: Wb lbkb tb`br bspbgnjf gunljlc pjrj gc`trcfjr fj gc`tjen`jgn÷` engrckncf÷angj lb fcs
onftrcs lb jrb`j, fbghcs lb gjrk÷` y jkfj`ljlcrbs lb jauj. R`j vbz qub fcs engrccraj`nsecs hj`
n`obgtjlc u` snstbej, fj gc`tjen`jgn÷` publb ocrejr rêpnljeb`tb kncpbfågufjs y bxtb`lbrsb pcr
tclc bf snstbej. Fjs tîg`ngjs pjrj gc`trcfjr fj gc`tjen`jgn÷`, tjfbs gcec bf rbtrcfjvjlc, fj
lbsn`obggn÷` quåengj y / c tîrengj y fj rbab`brjgn÷` orbgub`tb lbkb` gc`snlbrjrsb jprcpnjljs.
- bf gc`suec lb b`braåj=
- fj bxtb`sn÷` lbf prbtrjtjenb`tc rbqubrnlc pjrj prctbabr fcs pjscs on`jfbs lb purnongjgn÷`=
- cptnenzjgn÷` lbf rb`lnenb`tc, n`gfunlc bf rb`lnenb`tc y fj bongnb`gnj lb fcs pjscs lbf prcgbsc
lb trjtjenb`tc lb fj u`nljl=
- fcs pjscs lbf prcgbsc lb fj u`nljl lbkb` prcpcrgnc`jrsb gc` fj n`strueb`tjgn÷` jlbgujlj pjrj
eblnr pjrêebtrcs tjfbs gcec ofuic, prbsn÷`, tbepbrjturj, gc`lugtnvnljl, pH y gjrkc`c craê`ngc
tctjf.
- sb rbgcenb`lj bf ej`tb`nenb`tc lbf ofuic eå`nec j trjvîs lbf snstbej lb ab`brjgn÷` lb jauj
b` tclc eceb`tc=
- lbsn`obggn÷` tîrengj j0 ?2 ´ G.
2.<.: Bf jauj jftjeb`tb purnongjlj (HTQ) sb publb prclugnr eblnj`tb ÷secsns n`vbrsj lb lckfb
pjsc iu`tc gc` uftrjonftrjgn÷` c eblnj`tb gujfqunbr ctrj tîg`ngj lb purnongjgn÷` c sbgub`gnj lb
tîg`ngjs gjfnongjlj.
2.2.: Jfau`js ojrejgcpbjs prbsgrnkb` c fnentj` fj btjpj on`jf lb purnongjgn÷` lb jauj pbrentnlj
b` fj prcluggn÷` lb KQON. Fj lbstnfjgn÷` bs fj tîg`ngj prbobrnlj= Wb gc`snlbrj u`j tîg`ngj eês
rckustj kjsjlj b` bf gjeknc lb ojsb y, b` jfau`cs gjscs, b` fj cpbrjgn÷` j jftj tbepbrjturj lbf
bqunpc lb prcgbsc.
2.2.; Wb lbkb tb`br b` gub`tj fc snaunb`tb jf lnsbújr u` snstbej lb purnongjgn÷` lb jauj y lbon`nr
fj R[W9
- fj gj`tnljl lb jauj=
- bf tjejúc ÷ptnec lbf ab`brjlcr c ab`brjlcrbs gc` gc`trcf vjrnjkfb pjrj bvntjr gngfcs lb
jrrj`qub / pjrjlj lbejsnjlc orbgub`tbs=
2.2.7 Fj auåj lb gc`onaurjgn÷` lbf snstbej prcpcrgnc`jlj b` fj sbggn÷` 2.7 pjrj TQ bs naujfeb`tb
jpfngjkfb jf jauj pjrj n`ybggn÷`.
?.: Bstj sbggn÷` sb jpfngj j fcs snstbejs QTR pjrj TQ, KHTQ y KQON. Bf jfejgb`jenb`tc y fj
lnstrnkugn÷` lbf jauj lbkb` ou`gnc`jr b` gc`iu`tc gc` fj pfj`tj lb purnongjgn÷` pjrj ajrj`tnzjr
fj b`trbaj lb jauj lb gjfnljl gc`stj`tb j fcs pu`tcs lb usujrnc, y pjrj jsbaurjr fj cpbrjgn÷`
÷ptnej lbf bqunpc lb purnongjgn÷` lb jauj.
- prcarjej lb gjpjgntjgn÷` pjrj fj rbgcfbggn÷` y prubkj lb eubstrjs=
- rbvnsn÷` lb gujfqunbr gjeknc rbjfnzjlc b` bf snstbej lbslb fj ùftnej julntcråj y u`j vbrnongjgn÷`
lb qub sb hj nepfbeb`tjlc bf gc`trcf lb gjeknc=
8.7 Tjrj u` snstbej bstjkfbgnlc qub bstî lbecstrjkfbeb`tb kjic gc`trcf, bstb jfgj`gb lb
rbvnsn÷` lbkbråj rbsuftjr jlbgujlc.
Ctrjs fbgturjs