PDF Modul MCC 2016 Compress

FB^B \EG@BG^BX
Feiegterjbg Eger`j nbg [uiher Nbyb Ijgerba (E[NI) ieg`jgcdribsjfbg hbmwb

efspdr hbtuhbrb Jgndgesjb mjg``b fubrtba JJJ 8<2> iegkbpbj bg`fb sehesbr 8;>,03 outb tdg,
senbg`fbg pegkbpbjbg
pegkbpbjbg prdnufsjgyb iegnefbtj bg`fb ;2<,=> outb tdg. [jsb
[jsb sehesbr 05 outb
aehjm njfdgsuisj ugtuf fehutumbg nbabi geèrj sesubj perbturbg Ndiestjk Ibgnbtdry
Dhaj`btjdg (NID) ybg` njtubg`fbg nbabi \erbturbg Iegterj (\erieg) E[NI Gd. ;>
Dhaj`btjdg
^bmug 8<<:.
Iegurut nbtb seobf tbmug 8<28 mjg``b 8<2>, tuoubg efspdr hbtuhbrb Jgndgesjb
ibsjm terfdgsegtrbsj
terfdgsegtrbsj pbnb tj`b ge`
ge`brb
brb nugjb ybjtu ^jdg`fdf, Jgnjb nbg Oepbg`,
Oepbg`, ybg` pbnb
tbmug 8<2; ouiabm efspdr ibsjg`-ibsjg`
ibsjg`-ibsjg` ge`brb tersehut
tersehut sehesbr? 8:,8 tdg, 8>,= outb tdg
nbg 2;,> outb tdg.
Ouiabm efspdr fe ^jdg`fdf pbnb tbmug 8<2; njhbgnjg`fbg tbmug 8<28 iegurug
tbobi sehesbr >0%. Mba jgj njsehbhfbg ieaeibmgyb perefegdijbg nugjb ybg` herjihbs
pbnb perefdgdijbg ^jdg`fdf. Neijfjbg ou`b mbagyb efspdr fe Jgnjb turug sehesbr 2>%
pbnb tbmug 8<2;, ojfb njhbgnjg`fbg neg`bg tbmug 8<28. ([durke ? Sjhjz Kdgsuatjg`)
Kdgsuatjg`)
Nbrj kupajfbg jgcdribsj njbtbs ibfb nbpbt njsjipuafbg hbmwb nbabi nugjb
pertbihbg`bg tjnbf aepbs nbrj nbtb- nbtb ybg` ieg``bihbrfbg fdgnjsj pertbihbg`bg sbbt
jgj. Nbtb-nbtb jgj njsusug nbrj herhb`bj fdipdgeg nbg nbrj ibsjg`-ibsjg` fdipdgeg nbtb
jgj mbrus vbajn nbg reajbhae.
Ijge Kdgtrda Kegtre
Kegtre (IKK) Nepbrtiegt bnbabm sbabm sbtu hb`jbg nbrj Dperbtjdg
Njrektdrbte \^. Hufjt Ibfiur Ibgnjrj Utbib ybg` hertu`bs ugtuf iegob`b nbtb vbajn nbg
reajbhae sekbrb sustbjg. Ugtuf jtu sehb`bj pendibg nbabi ijsj jgj ibfb njhubtabm idnua
sehb`bj pbgnubg hb`j Nepbrteiegt
Nepbrteiegt IKK ugtuf nbpbt iegkbpbj tuoubg nbrj ijsj tersehut.
tersehut.
\egyusug iegybnbrj sepegumgyb hbmwb idnua jgj ibsjm obum nbrj feseipurgbbg.
Daem fbregb jtu, sbrbg nbg frjtjf ybg` hersjcbt ieihbgùg sbg`bt pegyusug mbrbpfbg neij
feseipurgbbg idnua jgj.
Obfbrtb, 83 Cehrubrj
Cehrubrj 8<23
8<23
\egyusug,
IKK Nept MD

IBF[UN NBG ÛOUBG \EAB^JMBG
Neg`bg ieipeabobrj
ieipeabobrj idnua jgj njmbrbpfbg pesertb nbpbt
2. Iegjg`fbtfbg fdipetegsj, feterbipjabg nbg febmajbg pbrb peferob Ijge Kdgtrda Kegtre
iuabj nbrj peregkbgbbg, persjbpbg, peabfsbgbbg, evbaubsj nbg perhbjfbg herfbab njhjnbg`
bgbajsjs nbtb nj \^. Hufjt Ibfiur Ibgnjrj Utbib.
8. Ieiherjfbg peibmbibg aehjm terfbjt fehutumbg nbtb dperbsjdgba nj abpbg`bg sesubj
neg`bg fdgnjsj nbg setjbp bftjcjtbs peferobbg
;. Iegèihbg`fbg fbrjer setjbp peferob nj hjnbg` Ijge Kdgtrda Kegtre sesubj neg`bg hbfbt
nbg feibipubg ibsjg`-ibsjg`.
Idnua Ijge Kdgtrda Kegtre njhb`j btbs 28 Hbh sesubj neg`bg 5 Fdipetegsj Utbib IKK?
J. Fdipetegsj \egèadabbg Nbtb \rdnufsj
2. Hbh J ? Feibipubg Xekdgkjae Xbw Nbtb
8. Hbh JJ ? \egùfurbg Bfurbsj Xbw Nbtb & Xepdrt
;. Hbh JJJ ? \egègbabg Jgte`rbsj CI[ ‛ [B\
>. Hbh JS ? Bpajfbsj nbg Jipaeiegtbsj
Jipaeiegtbsj [B\ IKK
JJ. Fdipetegsj \egyusugbg Abpdrbg \rdnufsj
5. Hbh S ? Nbsbr-nbsb
Nbsbr-nbsbrr nbg Bpajfbsj Equjpiegt Kbpbkjty Bgbaysjs
3. Hbh SJ ? Xepdrt Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke
0. Hbh SJJ ? Xepdrt BCKB

=. Hbh SJJJ ? Xepdrt Idgtmay \rdoekt (Abpdrbg Huabgbg)
JJJ. Fdipetegsj \egyusugbg \rd`ress Kabji \eihbybrbg
:. Hbh J] ? \rd`ress Kabji \eihbybrbg
JS. Fdipetegs
Fdipetegsjj \egyusugbg Dperbtjdgba Hunèt
2<. Hbh ] ? Dperbtjdgba Hunèt
S. Fdipetegsj ^jie Ibgbèiegt & Jgsegtjc \eg`bwbs
22. Hbh ]J ? ^jie Ibgbèiegt
28. Hbh ]JJ ? Jgsegtjc \eg`bwbs
Fbius fdipetegsj nbpbt njajmbt nj mbabibg herjfutgyb ?
E g`jgeerjg`
g`jgeerjg` K dipetegky
dipetegky Neveadpiegt ‛ Ijge K dgtrda egtre
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | jjj
\bè

FBIU[ FDI\EÊG[J U^BIB IKK
2. \egèadabbg Nbtb \rdnufsj

Necjgjsj? Fdipetegsj ybg` hermuhug`bg neg`bg feibipubg ugtuf nbpbt iegùbsbj
sdctwbre IKK sepertj [B\, ieabfufbg verjcjfbsj termbnbp nbtb -nbtb neg`bg kbrb
ieabfufbg rekdugkjae rbw nbtb nbg bfurbsj rbw nbtb semjg``b nbtb iegobnj vbajn nbg
reajbhae.
8. \egyusugbg Abpdrbg \rdnufsj

Necjgjsj?Fdipetegsj ybg` hermuhug`bg neg`bg feibipubg ugtuf ieihubt,
ieg`bgbajsb, ieiverjcjfbsj nbg ieivbajnbsj repdrt-repdrt sesubj neg`bg stbgnbr
ybg` njtegtufbg (hbjf wbftu, cdribt nsh) semjg``b repdrt tersehut nbpbt vbajn nbg
reajbhea nbg ieipu ugtuf nbpbt ieg`jnegtjcjfbsj ibsbabm sertb nbpbt
ierefdiegnbsjfbg sbrbg perhbjfbggyb.
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | jv
\bè

;. \egyusugbg \rd`ress Kabji \eihbybrbg

Necjgjsj? Fdipetegsj ybg` hermuhug`bg neg`bg iegètbmuj cug`sj respdgsjhjajty
skdpe dc wdrf kdgtrbkt nbabi rubg` ajg`fup peferobbg, pegb`jmbg prd`ress kabji
(kdaaektjg` nbtb pegnufug`, peihubtbg nbg verjcjfbsj Herjtb Bkbrb \egb`jmbg)
sbipbj neg`bg ieg`fdgtrda prdses jgvdjkjg`
>. \egyusugbg Dperbtjdgba Hunèt

Necjgjsj?Fdipetegsj ybg` hermuhug`bg neg`bg peihubtbg hunèt prdnufsj hesertb
expegnjture ybg` terfbjt neg`bg prdnufsj sepertj Cuea, Xegtba, Nrjaa&Habst
dperbtjdgba expegnjture
nsh, fepbtumbg termbnbp baur prdses hunèt nbg evbaubsj termbnbp vbrjbgke hunèt
vs bftuba sertb ierefdiegnbsjfbg
ierefdiegnbsjfbg ugtuf ieijgjibajsbsj vbrjbgke tersehut.
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | v
\bè

5. ^jie Ibgbèiegt & Jgsegtjc

Necjgjsj? Fdipetegsj ybg` hermuhug`bg neg`bg fdgsep pbrbieter prdnufsj
(teribsuf ibipu ieiverjcjfbsj nbg ierevjew fesesubjbg pegkbtbtbg tjie
kbte`drjes sesubj neg`bg fdgnjsj nj abpbg`bg) nbg ibipu ugtuf ieg`fdreabsjfbg
neg`bg jgsegtjc peg`bwb
p eg`bwbs.
s.
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | vj
\bè

NBC^BX J[J
FB^B \EG@BG^BX
\EG@BG^BX ............................................
...................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
..............................
....... jj
jj
IBF[UN NBG ÛOUBG \EAB^JMBG ..........................................
.................................................................
.............................................
............................
...... jjj
jjj
FBIU[ FDI\EÊG[J
FDI\EÊG[J U^BIB IKK ..........................................
.................................................................
.............................................
............................
...... jv
jv
NBC^BX J[J........................................................
...............................................................................
.............................................
............................................
............................
...... vjj
vjj
IDNUA 2? FEIBI\UBG
FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE
XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B ........................................
..............................................................
..................................
............ 2
2
2. Abtbr Heabfbg` ...........................................................
........................................................................................................................
............................................................. 8
8. ûoubg .............................................................
...................................................................................................................................
........................................................................
.. 8
;. \bgnubg Ieabfufbg Xekdgkjae
Xekdgkjae Xbw
Xbw Nbtb
Nbtb Dperbsjdgba .......................................................... 8
>. \brbieter \egegtubg \ermjtug`bg Xekdgkjae Xbw Nbtb Dperbsjdgba.................................
Dperbsjdgba................................. 22
IDNUA 8? \EG@UFUXBG
\EG@UFUXBG BFUXB[J XBP NB^B & XE\DX^ .............................................
..........................................................
............. 2;
2;
2. Abtbr Heabfbg` ...........................................................
......................................................................................................................
........................................................... 2>
8. ûoubg .............................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................... 2>
;. \erbturbg & Fehjobfbg
Fehjobfbg Herfbjtbg neg`bg Xbw Nbtb ............................................................ 2>
>. \egùfurbg Bfurbsj Xbw Nbtb .........................................................
.............................................................................................
.................................... 2>
IDNUA ;? \EG@EGBABG JGÊ@XB[J CI[ ‛ [B\ ..............................................

.....................................................................
............................
..... 2=
2=
2. Abtbr Heabfbg` ...........................................................
......................................................................................................................
........................................................... 2:
8. ûoubg .............................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................... 2:
;. Hjsgjs \rdses
\rdses Caeet Ibgbèiegt
Ibgbèiegt [ystei
[ystei (CI[)................................................................... 2:
>. Hjsgjs \rdses Jgte`rbsj Nbtb CI[ ‛ [B\ ................................................................................
................................................................................ 8<
5. Cadw \rdkess Jgte`rbsj Nbtb \rdnuktjdg ....................................................................
...............................................................................
........... 8<
3. Cadw \rdkess Jgte`rbsj Nbtb ^jie Ibgbèiegt
Ibgbèiegt .................................................................. 82
0. Jgtercbke CJ[ (Caeet Jgte`rbtjdg [ystei) /.get Jgte`rbtjdg CI[ ‛ [B\ ................................. 88
=. HB\J (Husjgess Bppajkbtjdg \rd`rbiijg`
\rd`rbiijg` Jgtercbke)............................................................ 8;
IDNUA >? B\AJFB[J & JI\AEIEG^B[J

JI\AEIEG^B[J [B\ IKK .............................................
....................................................................
............................
..... 8>
8>
2. Abtbr Heabfbg` ...........................................................
......................................................................................................................
........................................................... 85
8. ûoubg .............................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................... 85
;. [B\ \rdoekt........................................................................................
\rdoekt............................................................................................................................
.................................... 85
IDNUA 5? NB[BX & B\AJFB[J ERUJ\IEG^ KB\BKJ^Z BGBAZ[J[......................
.............................................
............................
..... ;>
;>
2. Necjgjsj ............................................................
..................................................................................................................................
...................................................................... ;5
8. ûoubg .............................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................... ;5
;. Cdriuabsj EKB .......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... ;5
>. Baur \rdses \eihubtbg EKB .............................................................
.................................................................................................
.................................... ;3
IDNUA 3? NB[BX & BFUXB[J [KMENUAE [EXSJKE...........................................

..................................................................
............................
..... >3
>3
2. Necjgjsj [kmenuae [ervjke ..................................................................
......................................................................................................
.................................... >0
8. Necjgjsj Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke ...................................................................
.........................................................................................
...................... >0
;. ûoubg .............................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................... >0
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | vjj
\bè

>. Baur \rdses Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke ..........................................................

...................................................................................
......................... >0
5. \ermjtug`bg Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke .................................................................................
................................................................................. >=
3. \rdses \eihubtbg Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke .......................................................................
....................................................................... >=
IDNUA 0? XE\DX^ BCKB ..............................................
.....................................................................
.............................................
.......................................
................. 5<
5<
2. Necjgjsj BCKB..............................................................
.........................................................................................................................
........................................................... 52
8. Necjgjsj Xepdrt BCKB..............................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................... 52
;. Ibgcbbt Xepdrt BCKB ...........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................... 52
>. \ermjtug`bg BCKB .................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................. 52
5. Baur \rdses Xepdrt BCKB ..................................................................
......................................................................................................
.................................... 58
3. \rdses \eihubtbg Xepdrt BCKB ..........................................................................................
.......................................................................................... 58
IDNUA =? IDG^MAZ
IDG^MAZ \XDOEK^ XE\DX^ .....................
...........................................
.............................................
...........................................
.................... 50
50
2. [bcety ....................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... 5=
8. \rdnufsj ......................................................................
................................................................................................................................
.......................................................... 5=
;. PM Bgbaysjs ..........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................... 5:
>. EKB (Equjpiegt Kbpbkjty Bgbaysjs) ......................................................................................
...................................................................................... 3<
5. Equjpiegt \ercdribgke
\ercdribgke ......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... 35
3. Cuea (AB^, HG0, BNX, FNK, NMB) ...........................................................................................

........................................................................................... 30
0. Xbjg & [ajppery...........................................................................................................
[ajppery......................................................................................................................
........... 30
=. Bttegnbgke Xbtjd ...................................................................
..................................................................................................................
............................................... 3=
IDNUA :? \XD@XE[[ KABJI \EIHBZBXBG ...............................................
......................................................................
................................
......... 3:
3:
2. Necjgjsj Jgvdjke...........................................................
......................................................................................................................
........................................................... 0<
8. Jtei Fabji \egb`jmbg ............................................................
...........................................................................................................
............................................... 0<
;. Hjaajg` ^rbkfjg` Nbsmhdbrn ...................................................................................................
................................................................................................... 0<
>. Necjgjsj [kdpe dc Pdrf Kdgtrbkt.....................................................................
...........................................................................................
...................... 0<
IDNUA 2<? ZEBXAZ D\EXB^JDGBA HUN@E^ ...........................................
..................................................................
....................................
............. 02
02
2. Necjgjsj Hunèt nbg ^brèt ...............................................................

...................................................................................................
.................................... 08
8. Abtbr Heabfbg` \rdses Hunètjg` .........................................................................................
......................................................................................... 08
;. Baur \rdses Hunètjg`..................................................................................
Hunètjg`...........................................................................................................
......................... 08
>. Jgte`rbten Hunètjg` [ystei (JH[) ..............................................................
.......................................................................................
......................... 0;
5. Bftjcjtbs Dperbsjdgba \egbihbg`bg
\egbihbg`bg ...........................................................
....................................................................................
......................... 0;
3. _erd-Hbsen Hunètjg` (Bg``brbg

(Bg``brbg ^bf
^bf Hersjsb)
Hersjsb) ..................................................................... 0>
0. [tbgnbr Abheajg` Hunèt Dptjdg...........................................................................................
........................................................................................... 0=
=. Kustdier ^brèt ...................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................... 0:
:. \brbieter Dperbtjdgba Hunèt ............................................................................................
............................................................................................ 0:
2<. Xevegue & Dperbtjdgba
Dperbtjdgba Kdst Hunètjg`
Hunètjg` ...............................................................................
............................................................................... =0
22. Bktjvjty Hbsen Kdst Hunètjg`
Hunètjg` ..............................................................................................
.............................................................................................. :8
28. Sbrjbgke Bgbaysjs
Bgbaysjs Hunèt vs Bktuba ......................................................................................
...................................................................................... :8
2;. Jiprdvjg` jg Hunètjg` \rdkess
\rdkess ...........................................................................................
........................................................................................... :8
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | vjjj
\bè

IDNUA 22? ^JIE IBGB@EIEG^

IBGB@EIEG^ ........................................................
...............................................................................
.......................................
................ :;
:;
2. Abtbr Heabfbg` ...........................................................
......................................................................................................................
........................................................... :>
8. ûoubg .............................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................... :>
;. ^jie Ibgbèiegt
Ibgbèiegt & \rdnuktjdg Ibgbèiegt
Ibgbèiegt .................................................................. :>
>. Mjerbrkmy ^jie Ibgbèiegt

Ibgbèiegt ...........................................................
...............................................................................................
.................................... :>
5. [tbgnbrjsbsj Fabsjcjfbsj \rdhaei \rdnuktjvjty .....................................................................
..................................................................... 2<2
3. Mjerbrkmy ^jie Kbte`drjes (Upnbte) ..................................................................................
.................................................................................. 2<8
0. Dppdrtugjty ^jie Kbte`drjes .............................................................................................

............................................................................................. 2<8
=. \mysjkba dc Bvbjabhjajty (%\B) ..............................................................................................
.............................................................................................. 2<8
:. Use dc Bvbjabhjajty (%UB) ..................................................................
....................................................................................................
.................................. 2<8
2<. \rdnuktjvjty (\ty)
(\ty) ................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ 2<;
22. Rubgtjty Ugjt (Rty) .............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. 2<;
28. \rdnuktjdg ..................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
........................................................ 2<;
IDNUA 28? JG[EG^JC \EG@BPB[......................
\EG@BPB[.............................................
..............................................
.............................................
.........................
... 2<>
2<>
2. Necjgjsj ............................................................
................................................................................................................................
.................................................................... 2<5
8. ûoubg .............................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................... 2<5
;. Cdriuabsj \ermjtug`bg Jgsegtjc ..........................................................................................

.......................................................................................... 2<5
>. \brbieter \ermjtug`bg Jgsegtjc .....................................................................
.........................................................................................
.................... 2<5
5. Fetegtubg Uiui Jgsegtjc ..................................................................................................
.................................................................................................. 2<0
3. Fetegtubg Fmusus Jgsegtjc..................................................................................................
.................................................................................................. 228
0. Fetegtubg Abjg-abjg...............................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................. 228
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | jx
\bè

\EG@EADABBG NB^B \XDNUF[J

IDNUA 2? FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B
NB^B

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B
2. Abtbr Heabfbg`

Sbajnjtbs nbg Xeajbhjajtbs nbtb bnbabm fugkj ugtuf bgbajsb, pbnb nugjb pertbihbg`bg ybg`
njgbijs, nbtb bnbabm sbabm sbtu sdurke ybg` njùgbfbg ugtuf nbsbr bgbajsb. [durke nbtb
njnbpbt nbrj fe`jbtbg dperbsjdgba ybg` njndfuiegtbsjfbg nbabi hegtuf cdri nbg systei
[B\. Ndfuiegtbsj jgj mbrus vbajn nbg reajbhae semjg``b perau bnbgyb rekdgkjae ugtuf
iegnbpbtfbg
iegnbpbtfb g mbsja ybg` njmbrbpfbg tersehut.
tersehut.
8. ûoubg
ûoubg ybg` njmbrbpfbg nbrj feibipubg
feibipubg rekdgkjae rbw nbtb ybjtu ?
- Ieiherjfbg pbgnubg fepbnb Eg`jgeerjg` nbg \rdnufsj ugtuf iegkdkdf

iegkdkdffbg
fbg nbtb
abpbg`bg neg`bg rekdrn systei b`br terobnj idgjtdrjg` btbu peg`bwbsbg nbabi nbtb
semjg``b njmbrbpfbg nbpbt ieg`mbsjafbg nbtb ybg` vbajn nbg reajbhae.
- Ieabfufbg Cdaadw Up termbnbp mbsja rekdgkjae
;. \bgnubg Ieabfufbg Xekdgkjae Xbw Nbtb Dperbsjdgba

;.2. \BXBIEÊX
\BXBIEÊX KDG^XDA
Bnbpug [uiher Xbw nbtb dperbsjdgba HUIB Ibguba bnbabm shh ?
b. Jgcdribsj Ajsbg ? Jgcdribsj dperbsjdgba (Xjtbsj, Bftjvjtbs Ugjt, MI naa) nbrj
dperbtdr/peg`bwbs/sbcety/pabgt/naa
dperbtdr/peg`bwbs/sbc ety/pabgt/naa fe kmefer/IKK
h. Jgcdribsj êrtuajs ? Xefbpbg nbrj jgcdribsj ajsbg ybg` njtubg`fbg nbabi hegtuf
ndfuieg (^jiesmeet, Cdri Xjtbsj, N[K, naa)
Bnbpug ugtuf suiher ybg` sunbm tersjstei neg`bg CI[ ibfb rbw nbtb nbpbt abg`sug`
njbihja nbrj systei tersehut neg`bg kbrb ndwgadbn.
ndwgadbn. Nbrj suiher nbtb ib
ibguba
guba tersehut
ibfb frjterjb ybg` mbrus njabfufbg rekdgkjae bnbabm shh ?
Ugtuf suiher rbw nbtb ybg` sunbm tersjstei, refdgsja sunbm njabfufbg reba tjie
semjg``b tjnbf njperaufbg ab`j rekdgkjae abgoutbg.
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè |
\bè
| \bè | 8
\bè

;.8. \BXBIEÊX
\BXBIEÊX XEKDGKJAE ^XBG[BF[J MDUXAZ Ss CDXI XJ^B[J/N[K/^JIE[MEE^
;.8.2. ^rbgsbfsj Xekdrn Mduray \rdnuktjdg njnbpbt nbrj systei [B\ (_IK2<22E), ugtuf Xbw
Nbtb Mduray \rdnuktjdg njperdaem nbrj ^KDNE _IK;<28X
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre
| \bè | ;
\bè

;.8.8. Abpdrbg rjtbsj njnbpbt nbrj Kmefer \rdnufsj nbg njfuipuafbg fe IKK setjbp 2 obi
seteabm bwba smjct (EG@/2>/<;5/JGF). Zbg` njkef bnbabm
bnbabm rjtbsj perobi & tdtba rjtbsj gyb
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre
| \bè | >
\bè

;.8.;. Cdri Nbjay [kmenuae Kdgtrda njnbpbt nbrj peg`bwbs cdreibg prdnufsj nbg
njfuipuafbg fe IKK setjbp 2 obi seteabm bwba smjct (EG@/2>/<;5/JGF). Zbg` njkef
bnbabm Xjtbsj perobi nbg prdnufsj perobi
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre
| \bè | 5
\bè

;.8.>. Cdri ^jiesmeet Mbuaer & Adbner njnbpbt nbrj dperbtdr prdnufsj nbg njfuipuafbg fe
IKK setjbp 2 obi seteabm bwba smjct (EG@/2>/<;5/JGF). Zbg` njkef bnbabm Xjtbsj
perobi nbg prdnufsj perobi
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre
| \bè | 3
\bè

E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre
| \bè | 0
\bè

;.8.5. Xekdgkjae njabfufbg neg`bg ieg`ùgbfbg cdri rekdgkjae (@bihbr 2`) [hh ?
?
\etugouf \eg`jsjbg ?
b. Odhsjte ? Njtuajs gbib odhsjte sesubj bktuba

h. Kmefer ? Njkdret ybg` tjnbf perau BNB btbu ^JNBF
k. Nbte ? Jsjfbg tbg``ba sesubj tbg``ba bktuba nbtb ybg` njrekdgkjae
n. [mjct ? Njtuajs [mjct sesubj bktuba nbtb ybg` njrekdgkjae
e. Frjterjb ? ûajs Frjterjb ybjtu ‑ Xekdkjae ^rbgsbfsj Mduray Ss Cdri
Xjtbsj/Nsk/^jiesmeet’
c. [esubj ? ûajs neg`bg tbgnb (v) ojfb sunbm sesubj, nbg (x) ojfb tjnbf sesubj,
`. ^jnbf sesubj (Gd Ugjt) ? Njjsjfbg ojfb
oj fb fdadi sesubj hertbgnb (x) brtjgyb bnb teiubg
bgtbrb nbtb [B\ neg`bg Cdri, njjsjfbg gdidr8 ugjt adbner ybg` herhenb rjtbsjgyb
nbabi sbtu smjct tersehut
m. ^jnbf sesubj (Feterbg`bg) ? Njjsjfbg feterbg`bg henb tersehut fbregb bpb (ex ? hjsb
fbregb sbabm abpdr, nbtb cdri tjnbf fdipajt, nbtb cdri tjnbf njjsjfbg, naa)
j. Mbsja Xekdgkjae ? Njjsjfbg neg`bg nbtb ybg` teabm njsetuouj daem \rdnufsj neg`bg
pertjihbg`bg IKK (ex ? Nbtb ieg`ùgbfbg jgcdribsj Cdri, Nbtb Ieg`ùgbfbg
jgcdribsj rbnjd, naa)
;.;. \BXBIEÊX
\BXBIEÊX XEKDGKJAE ^XBG[BF[J PM & MI S[ CDXI XJ^B[J/N[K/^JIE[MEE^/A
XJ^B[J/N[K/ ^JIE[MEE^/A[U
[U
;.;.2. ^rbgsbfs
^rbgsbfsjj Pdrfjg` Mdurs
Mdurs & Gdtjcjkbtjdg
Gdtjcjkbtj dg njnbpbt nbrj systei [B\ (^KDNE _IK2<;2E)
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre
| \bè | =
\bè

;.;.8. ^rbgsbfsj Mdurs

Mdurs Ieter njnbpbt
njnbpbt nbrj systei
systei [B\ (^KDNE _IK2<>2E)
_IK2<>2E)
;.;.;. Cdri Xjtbsj, N[K, ^jiesmeet Mbuaer, ^jiesmeet Adbner nbpbt njajmbt pbnb `bihbr
njbtbs. [enbg`fbg ugtuf tjiesmeet suppdrt nbg A[U nbpbt njajmbt sepertj njhbwbm,
ugtuf ybg` perau njkef bnbabm ?
b. Cdri Xjtbsj ? Bftjvjtbs Babt Adbnjg` (Pdrfjg`)
h. Cdri N[K ? Bftjvjtbs Babt Adbnjg` (Pdrfjg`, [tbgnhy, HN) nbg MI
k. ^jiesmeet Mbuaer ? Bftjvjtbs Babt Mbuajg` (Pdrfjg`, [tbgnhy, HN) nbg MI
n. ^jiesmeet Adbner ? bftjvjtbs babt adbnjg` (Pdrfjg`, [tbgnhy, HN) nbg MI
e. ^jiesmeet [uppdrt ? bftjvjtbs babt [uppdrt (Pdrfjg`, [tbgnhy, HN) nbg MI
c. Cdri A[U ? Bftjvjtbs Babt Mbuajg` (Pdrfjg`, [tbgnhy, HN)
Eg`jgeerjg` Kdipetegky Neveadpiegt ‛ Ijge Kdgtrda Kegtre

E K N I K K | \bè | :
\bè

;.;.>. Xekdgkjae njabfufbg neg`bg ieg`ùgbfbg cdri rekdgkjae sepertj njbtbs ?

\etugouf \eg`jsjbg ?
b. Odhsjte ? Njtuajs gbib odhsjte sesubj bktuba
h. Kmefer ? Njkdret ybg` tjnbf perau BNB btbu ^JNBF
k. Nbte ? Jsjfbg tbg``ba sesubj tbg``ba bktuba nbtb ybg` njrekdgkjae
n. [mjct ? Njtuajs [mjct sesubj bktuba nbtb ybg` njrekdgkjae
e. Frjterjb ? ûajs Frjterjb ybjtu ‑ ^rbgsbfsj PM & MI Ss Cdri
Xjtbsj/N[K/^jiesmeet/A[U’
c. [esubj ? ûajs neg`bg tbgnb (v) ojfb sunbm sesubj, nbg (x) ojfb tjnbf sesubj,
`. ^jnbf sesubj (Gd Ugjt) ? Njjsjfbg ojfb fdadi sesubj hertbgnb (x) brtjgyb bnb
teiubg bgtbrb nbtb [B\ neg`bg Cdri, njjsjfbg gdidr8 ugjt adbner, Mbuaer,
suppdrt ybg` tjnbf aeg`fbp tjiesmeetgyb (Njnbpbt nbrj equjpiegt sjte)
m. ^jnbf sesubj (Feterbg`bg) ? Njjsjfbg pegkbpbjbg tjiesmeet ybg` terjsj aeg`fbp
njhbgnjg` tjiesmeet ybg` terfuipua bktuba nbg njsertbj neg`bg abipjrbg ugjt
ybg` tjnbf fdipajt tersehut (Fdipajt herbrtj nbtb MI, Xjtbsj, [tbgnhy nbg
E g`jgeerjg`
dipetegky Neveadpiegt Ijge K dgtrda egtre
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 2<
\bè

Hrebfndwg aeg`fbp njjsjfbg hesertb iegjtgyb) (ex ? hjsb fbregb sbabm abpdr, nbtb
cdri tjnbf fdipajt, nbtb cdri tjnbf njjsjfbg, naa)
j. Mbsja Xekdgkjae ? Njjsjfbg neg`bg nbtb ybg` teabm njsetuouj daem \rdnufsj neg`bg
pertjihbg`bg IKK (ex ? Nbtb ieg`ùgbfbg jgcdribsj Cdri, Nbtb Ieg`ùgbfbg
jgcdribsj rbnjd, naa)
>. \brbieter \egegtubg \ermjtug`bg Xekdgkjae Xbw Nbtb Dperbsjdgba

Nbrj pegobhbrbg fe 8 fbte`dry rekdgkjae, ibfb ugtuf pegegtubg sfdr rekdgkjae bnbabm shh ?
b. Idgjtdrjg` \rdnufsj neg`bg kbrb ?

Kef nbtb repdrt Peh
Peh mttp?//208.23.<.8</ikknev/XepdrtIKK.bspx
Hbgnjg`fbg neg`bg [B\ nbg bpbhjab terobnj perhenbbg

perhenbbg ibfb mbrus njhubt Herjtb Bkbrb (HB)
h. Idgjtdrjg` ^jiesmeet neg`bg ieg`jsjfbg teipabte shh ?

8<25 2-Obg 8-Obg ;-Obg >-Obg 5-Obg
^jiesmeet Idgjtdrj
Idgjtdrjg`
g` [mjct 2 [mjct
c t 8 [mjct ; [mjct 2 [mjct 8 [mjct ; [mjct 2 [mjct 8 [mjct ; [mjct 2 [mjct 8 [mjct ; [mjct 2 [mjct 8 [mjct ;
DH \jt ]]
Bktuba Rubgtjty
Rubgtjty ^jiesmeet ADBNEX
^jiesmeet Fdipajt êrjsj ADBNEX
Bkmjeveiegt Rubajty ^jiesmeet ADBNEX
Bktuba Rubgtjty
Rubgtjty ^jiesmeet MBUAEX
MBUAEX
^jiesmeet Fdipajt êrjsj MBUAEX
Bkmjeveiegt Rubajty ^jiesmeet
^jiesmeet MBUAEX
Bktuba Rubgtjty
Rubgtjty ^jiesmeet [U\\DX^
^jiesmeet Fdipajt êrjsj [U\\DX^
Bkmjeveiegt Rubajty ^jiesmeet [U\\DX^
DH \jt ]]
Bktuba Rubgtjty
Rubgtjty ^jiesmeet ADBNEX
^jiesmeet Fdipajt êrjsj ADBNEX
Bkmjeveiegt Rubajty
Rubajty ^jiesmeet ADBNEX
Bktuba Rubgtjty
MBUAEX
Bkmjeveiegt Rubajty ^jiesmeet MBUAEX
Bktuba Rubgtjty
Rubgtjty ^jiesmeet [U\\DX^
^jiesmeet Fdipajt êrjsj [U\\DX^
Bkmjeveiegt Rubajty ^jiesmeet [U\\DX^
Kdba Ijgjg`
Bktuba Rubgtjty
MBUAEX
Kdba ^rbgspdrt
Bktuba Rubgtjty
MBUAEX
Ouiabm Cdri ^jiesmeet DH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ouiabm Cdri ^jiesmeet KI - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ouiabm Cdri ^jiesmeet K^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

% Fdipajt êrjsj DH
% Fdipajt êrjsj KI
% Fdipajt êrjsj K^
Nbjay Ouiabm
Ouiabm ^jiesmeet DH - - - - -
Nbjay Ouiabm
Ouiabm ^jiesmeet KI - - - - -
Nbjay Ouiabm
Ouiabm ^jiesmeet K^ - - - - -
Bkmjeveiegt Nbjay DH
Bkmjeveiegt Nbjay KI
Bkmjeveiegt Nbjay K^
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 22
\bè

k. Ieihubt & Iegbgnbtbg`bgj Cdri Xekdgkjae hernbsbrfbg teiubg idgjtdrjg` (b) & (h)
n. Ieg`mjtug` idgjtdrjg` tersehut neg`bg teipabte shh ?

Peef 2 P ee f 8
[fdr
Fbte`drj Xekdgkjae Jgnex UdI Ouiabm % Bkm Ouiabm
Xekdgkjae
Xekdgkjae DH
b. Xe vj sj Nbtb [B\ Mdura y ( Nba bi [e ij g`ù herbpb fba j ) ( b) Evjne gke hy HB
Oia 9 Bkt êrfuipua
h. % Cdri ^j iesme et ( Nba bi [e ij g`ù) ( h) % Bkm 9 Nbrj Bkt terfuipua herbpb %êrjsj
Fdipajt fdadi bftjvjtbs
k. Ie guaj s & Ie gbgnbtbg`bgj Cdri Xekdgkj ae ( k) Ibx 9 0 <% <%
^D^BA [FDX XEKDGKJAE ^XBG[BF[J MDUXAZ Ss CDXI XJ^B[J/N[K/^JIE[MEE^ DH
Xekdgkjae KI
Oia 9 Bkt êrfuipua
^D^BA [FDX XEKDGKJAE ^XBG[BF[J MDUXAZ Ss CDXI XJ^B[J/N[K/^JIE[MEE^ KI
Xekdgkjae K^
Oia 9 Bkt êrfuipua
^D^BA [FDX XEKDGKJAE ^XBG[BF[J MDUXAZ Ss CDXI XJ^B[J/N[K/^JIE[MEE^ K^
Kdgtrda & Idgjtdrjg` Xbw Nbtb
Herabfu ugtuf DH, KI nbg K^

Ibsjg`-ibsjg` ybg` njjsjfbg bnbabm fdtbf wbrgb fugjg`, gjabj ybg` njjsjfbg mbrus sesubj
neg`bg UdI (Ugjt dc Iebsure),
Fdtbf herwbrgb mjtbi ierupbfbg cdriuab ybg` bfbg terègerbte butdibtjk
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

IDNUA 8? \EG@UFUXBG BFUXB[J XBP NB^B & XE\DX^

XE\DX^

IDNUA 8. \EG@UFUXBG BFUXB[J XBP NB^B & XE\DX^
2. Abtbr Heabfbg`

Bfurbsj nbtb bnbabm sbabm sbtu fdipdgeg nbrj fubajtbs nbtb. Mba jgj ieg`bku pbnb bpbfbm
gjabj-gjabj nbtb ybg` njsjipbg ugtuf sehubm dhoef bnbabm gjabj ybg` hegbr. Ugtuf iegobnj
hegbr, gjabj-gjabj nbtb mbrus iegobnj gjabj ybg` hegbr nbg mbrus njwbfjaj nbabi hegtuf ybg`
fdgsjsteg nbg tjnbf bihjù.
8. ûoubg
2.2. Iegètbmuj \erbturbg nbg fehjobfbg herfbjtbg neg`bg Xbw Nbtb
2.8. \egùfurbg Bfurbsj Xbw Nbtb
2.;. \egùfurbg Bfurbsj Xepdrt
;. \erbturbg & Fehjobfbg Herfbjtbg neg`bg Xbw Nbtb

;.2. Nbabi [D\ IKK (EG@/<:/<<=/[D\)
\bnb fehjobfbg [D\ IKK pdjg 5.8.3 njsehutfbg hbmwb ? ‑ \bnb setjbp bfmjr smjct, \XD‚s
cdreibg btbu peg`bwbs abpbg`bg wbojh ieivbajnbsj nbg iegbgnbtbg`bgj aeg`fbp
Abpdrbg [tbtus Ugjt sertb Abpdrbg Xjtbsj nbg njserbmfbg fepbnb IKK pbajg` abihbt 2
(sbtu) obi seteabm bfmjr smjct ugtuf odhsjte ybg` ieipugybj
ieipugybj kmekfer.
;.8. Nbabi JGF Jipaeiegtbsj Nbtbhbse nbg Xepdrtjg` [B\ (EG@/2>/<;5/JGF)
Nbabi urutbg prdses ferob pdjg ;.2. JGF tersehut njsehutfbg ? ‑Ieg`jrjifbg jgcdribsj
rbw nbtb dperbsjdgba nbrj ?
- \XD (Kmekfer/Dperb
(Kmekfer/Dperbtdr)
tdr) vjb rbnjd ? jgcdribsj rjtbsj, jgcdribsj
jgcdribsj stbtus ugjt
- \XD (CI/[\S)
(CI/[\S) ? [ettjg` ugjt termbnbp dperbtdr
dperbtdr 2 obi
obi seheaui bwba smjct, abpdrbg
abpdrbg
rjtbsj, abpdrbg stbtus ugjt nbg tjiesmeet ybg` tervbajnbsj 2 obi seteabm smjct kmbgè
- EG@ ([urvey)
([urvey) ? Xbjgcbaa,
Xbjgcbaa, Pbter
Pbter Aevea, Njstbgke, \dipb dperbsj
- EG@ (Habstjg`) ? Mdae nrjaajg`
;.;. Nbabi JGF Xekdgkjae Xbw Nbtb IKK neg`bg Dperbtjdg (EG@/2>/<;>/JGF)
Nbabi urutbg prdses ferob pdjg ;.8. JGF tersehut iegybtbfbg ? ‑Ieg`jrjifbg cdri rbw
nbtb ibfsjiba 2 obi seteabm bfmjr smjct fe IKK ? Abpdrbg Xjtbsj, Abpdrbg [tbtus Ugjt,
nbg tjiesmeet.
>. \egùfurbg Bfurbsj Xbw Nbtb

>.2. Cadw
Cadw Bfurbsj Xbw Nbtb
Bfurbsj rbw nbtb ieipugybj cadw shh ?
Abg`fbm ? Sbajn & Xeajbhae Jgcdribtjdg Kef, Cjxen Xbw Nbtb (Cdri Xekdgkjae), Kdgtrda &
Idgjtdrjg` Xbw Nbtb nbtb nbpbt njajmbt nbabi hbh Xekdgkjae Xbw Nbtb dperbsjdgba
HUIB. Ugtuf pegoeabsbg abg`fbm seabgoutgyb bnbabm sehb`bj herjfut?
b. Kdgtrjhute td Aebnjg` Jipbkt
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 2>
\bè

Neg`bg Xbw Nbtb ybg` bfurbt mbrbpbggyb nbpbt ieipeg`brumj nevjbsj MI-PM
ugtuf Adbner, Mbuaer nbg [uppdrt ibsjg` ‛ibsjg` neg`bg hdhdt 5% nbrj
bkmjeveiegt nevjbsj MI-PM tersehut. Fbregb perau njfetbmuj ugtuf perhbjfbg
terhesbr nbrj nevjbsj MI-PM bnbabm fdgtrda nbrj bftjvjtbs fe`jbtbg dperbsjdgba
(kdgtdm? ieibtjfbg ugjt mbuaer DH sbbt senbg` fdgnjsj jnae muobg, sajppery, MI sbbt
@rdugntest naa), senbg`fbg fdgtrjhusj nbrj bfurbt nbtb bnbabm hersjcbt bnijgjstrbtjve
tegtbg` suiher nbtb jtu segnjrj.
h. [fdrjg` Xbw Nbtb Bkkurbky
Gjabj \egkbpbjbg ‑Kdgtrda & Idgjtdrjg` Xbw Nbtb’ x hdhdt =5% (Gdtbsj? X x =5%)
Gjabj \egkbpbjbg ‑Kdgtrjhute td Aebnjg` Jipbkt’ x hdhdt 25% (Gdtbsj? A x 25%)
[emjg``b nbabi cdriuab, Bkkurbky Xbw Nbtb
Nbtb 9 (X x =5%) + (A x 25%)
>.8. Cadw
Cadw Bfurbsj Nbtb Xepdrt
Bfurbsj Nbtb Xepdrt ieipugybj cadw sehb`bj herjfut?
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

b. Bvbjabhjajt
Bvbjabhjajty
y Nbtb Xepdrt
Bnbabm fetersenjbg nbtb repdrt ybg` terfbjt neg`bg aebntjie pegùipuabg nbtb
repdrt jtu segnjrj.
Zbg` njpermjtug`fbg ugtuf aebntjiegyb bnbabm sehb`bj herjfut ?
- Mduray \rdnuktjdg Xepdrt [B\ ? ^brèt Mdurs+25 Iegjt
- Mduray Upnbte Hrebfndwg Xepdrt [B\ ? ^brèt Mdurs+25 Iegjt
- Nbjay Xepdrt Peh (Njfjrji vjb Eibja) ? ^brèt Nbjay 22.<< PJH
- Nbjay EKB Xepdrt ? ^brèt Nbjay 2;.<< PJH
- Nbjay \rdnuktjdg Xepdrt [B\ ? Fdipbrbsj
Fdipbrbsj njbihja obi 25.<< PJH
- Peefay EKB Xepdrt ? ^brèt [egjg <=.<< PJH

- Peefay \byadbn Xepdrt ? ^brèt [egjg <=.<< PJH
- Idgtmay EKB Xepdrt ? ^brèt ^jbp Huabg tbg``ba 0
- \JKB Idgtmay EKB ? ^brèt ^jbp Huabg tbg``ba 0
- Idgtmay Odjg [urvey Xepdrt ? ^brèt ^jbp Huabg tbg``ba 3
- Idgtmay \rdoekt Xepdrt ? ^brèt ^jbp Huabg tbg``ba 2<
- Idgtmay \dstjg` Idgjtdrjg` ? ^brèt ^jbp Huabg tbg``ba 5
- Idgtmay BCKB Xepdrt ? ^brèt ^jbp Huabg tbg``ba 2<
h. [ujtbhjajty Nbtb Xepdrt
Bnbabm Fekdkdfbg nbtb repdrt, nbabi mba jgj nbtb repdrt mbrbpbggyb nbpbt fdgsjsteg
nbrj nbtb repdrt nbjay, weefay nbg idgtmay tjnbf ieg`babij peruhbmbg. êrutbib
ugtuf pbrbieter prdnufsj (R^Z, \B, UB, \^Z)
k. Cdaadw Up nbtb repdrt

Bnbabm \JKB nbrj repdrt ybg` teabm njhubt bpbfbm njidgjtdr neg`bg hbjf btbu tjnbf.
Njherabfufbg pbnb nbtb repdrt weefay, njibgb perjdne repdrt weefay bnbabm nbrj mbrj
[bhtu ‛ Oui‚bt.
[fegbrjd permjtug`bg ?
- Peef 5< ^bmug 8<25 9 ^bg``ba 5 ‛ 22 Neseiher 8<25
- \JKB bfbg terkrebte nj sbbt ieetjg` Peefay tbg``ba 28 Neseiher 8<25
[eteabm ieetjg` ibfb ibsuffbg \JKB mbsja ieetjg` nbabi bpajfbsj J\DA sesubj nbg
nue nbtegyb.
Abfufbg Idgjtdrjg` & Kdgtrda termbnbp \JKB tersehut sesubj nue nbte mbsja ieetjg`.
\bnb mbrj pertbib Peef 58 (ybjtu tbg``ba 2: Neseiher 8<25), tbrjf nbtb J\DA
neg`bg regtbg` tbg``ba Peef 5< (tbg``ba 5 ‛ 22 Nek 8<25) feiunjbg refbp jsu ybg`
ibsjm Dpeg, Cdaadw Up nbg Kadse.
Mbsja nbrj refbp tersehut bnbabm pegkbpbjbg cdaadw up \JKB Peef 5<.
Cdriuabsjgyb bnbabm ?
% Bkm \JKB 9 Kadsen \JKB/^dtba \JKB
Njibgb ^dtba \JKB 9 Dpeg \JKB + Cdaadw Up \JKB + Kadsen \JKB
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

n. [kdrjg` Bfurbsj Xepdrt Nbtb

Nbtb
Gjabj \egkbpbjbg ‑Bvbjabhjajty Nbtb Xepdrt’ njfbajfbg 3<%, (gdtbsj? B)

Gjabj \egkbpbjbg ‑[ujtbhjajty Nbtb Xepdrt’ njfbajfbg ><%, (gdtbsj? [)
\egouiabmbg B + [ njfbajfbg neg`bg Hdhdt =5% 9 (B + [) x =5%
Gjabj \egkbpbjbg ‑Cdaadw Up Nbtb Xepdrt’ njfbajfbg hdhdt 25%, (gdtbsj? C x 25%)
[emjg``b nbabi cdriuab, Bkkurbky Xepdrt Nbtb 25%)
Nbtb 9 ((B + [) x =5%) + (C x 25%)
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

‛
IDNUA ;? \EG@EGBABG JGÊ@XB[J CI[ [B\
[B\

IDNUA ;. \EG@EGBABG JGÊ@XB[J CI[-[B\
2. Abtbr Heabfbg`

Nbabi fbjtbggyb ugtuf iegnufug` bfurbsj rbw nbtb sertb repdrt ibfb Caeet Ibgbèiegt
[ystei iegobnj tddas ugtuf iegyenermbgbfbg prdses neg`bg mbsja sesubj neg`bg tbrèt.
8. ûoubg
8.2. Iegètbmuj Hjsgjs \rdses Caeet Ibgboeiegt [jstei (CI[)
8.8. Iegètbmuj Hjsgjs \rdses Jgte`rbsj Nbtb CI[ Ss [B\
8.;. Iegètbmuj Cadw \rdses Jgte`rbsj Nbtb \rdnuktjdg
8.>. Iegètbmuj Cadw \rdses Jgte`rbsj Nbtb ^jie Ibgbèiegt
;. Hjsgjs \rdses Caeet Ibgbèiegt [ystei (CI[)

Caeet Ibgbèiegt [jstei (CI[) bnbabm kbrb ugtuf ieibgtbu, iegègnbajfbg nbg
iegkbtbt setjbp bftjvjtbs ugtuf dptjibsj, fesembtbg, bgbajsjs nbg sbcety nbrj babt prdnufsj.
CI[ ierupbfbg sdausj ibgboeieg tbihbg` njgbijs ybg` ieiug`fjgfbg ugtuf
iegerbpfbg strbte`j prdnufsj tertegtu ieg`ùgbfbg serbg`fbjbg babt pertbihbg`bg
tbihbmbg. Ieg`ùgbfbg stbte-dc-tme-brt cjean mbrnwbre nbg kdiiugjkbtjdg sdctwbre, CI[
ieiherjfbg pegjg`fbtbg prdnuftjvjtbs nbg pegjg`fbtbg ecjsjegsj terhuftj ieabauj
dptjibajsbsj nbg eceftjvjtbs nbrj babt prdnufsj.
CI[ heferob pbnb crefuegsj wjreaess 8.>@Mz neg`bg systei dperbsj Pjgndws btbu Dpeg
[durke \abtcdri. Mbipjr seiub cjtur ybg` njterbpfbg ieg`ùgbfbg iuatjtbsfjg` nbg
heherbpb abjggyb ieg`ùgbfb
ieg`ùgbfbg g `rbpmjkba ugjt jgtercbke.
CI[ sbg`bt njtegtufbg daem fesjbpbg ibgpdwer ybg` ieijajfj pegètbmubg nbg wbwbsbg
pertbihbg`bg ybg` hbjf semjg``b ierefb nbpbt iewuounfbg fe`jbtbg dperbsjdgba
pegbihbg`bg ybg` prdnuktjve nbg ecjsjeg.
CI[ Nbtb Cadw ?

E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 2:
\bè

>. Hjsgjs \rdses Jgte`rbsj Nbtb CI[ ‛ [B\

[B\
5. Cadw \rdkess Jgte`rbsj Nbtb \rdnuktjdg

Cadw \rdkess Mduray Jgte`rbtjdg [B\-CI[ (Kurregt Nbte)
Dperbtdr
s
X
\ Mduray Nbtb
D
L25 Ijgutes Upnbte

Errdr 4
Xug HB\J Butd Jgsert/

GD Upnbte [B\ IKK (PM)
_IK2<;2E
[
J
C
ZE[
Errdr [ystei 4
[B\
K
K [B\ IKK Errdr Kdrrektjdg IDNUABX
I
r
e
m
k
t Idnuabr
b
p Errdr Kdrrektjdg
s
j
N

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

3. Cadw \rdkess Jgte`rbsj Nbtb ^jie Ibgbèiegt

Nbtb PM Jgte`rbtjdg?
Cadw \rdkess Jgte`rbsj PM [B\-CI[ (Kurregt Nbte)
Dperbtdr
s
X
\ \ugkm PM
D
L25 Ijgutes Upnbte

Errdr 4
Xug HB\J Butd Jgsert/

[
J GD Upnbte [B\ IKK (PM)
C
_IK2<;2E
ZE[
r
e
m
k
t Idnuabr
b
p Errdr Kdrrektjdg
s
j
N
Hbkfnbte Jgte`rbtjdg (M-;) ?
Cadw \rdkess Jgte`rbsj PM [B\-CI[ (M-;)
K
K PM Kmbgè
I Xequest
Ibguba Exekutjdg,
Errdr4
r
e
m IdnuabrNbtb
k
t
^rbgsbktjdg ZE[ Idnuabr Nbtb Kaebgsjg`
b Kmbgè
p
s
j
N
GD
Xug HB\J Jgsert/Upnbte

[
J [B\ IKK (PM)
C _IK2<;2E

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

Hrebfndwg Gdtjcjkbtjdg?
Gdtjcjkbtjdg?
Cadw \rdkess Jgte`rbsj HN [B\-CI[
Dperbtdr
s \ugkm HN Dperbtdr rebny nj

X
\ ugjt
D
Iefbgjf
HN [kmenuae 4
\ugkm rebny ajge

Krebte Gdtjcjkbtjdg Xug HB\J Butd Butd Gdtjcjkbtjdg Serjcjen & upnbte Jgcdribsj XCU ;<
r GD P/[ btbu Crdgt
e M-2 Krebte Gdtjcjkbtjdg krebte gdtjcjkbtjdg Iegjt
m
k
t
b
p ZE[
s
j
N
-
s Gdtjcjkbtjdg kdipaete
^ Ibjgtbjg Gdtjc Xug HB\J [kenuae
A tjie njsesubjfbg neg`bg pugkm rebny ajge
\ skmenuae Gdtjcjkbtjdg
Idgjtdr erdr ad`

r
e Jgcdribsj fe
m \eg`bwbs XCU ;<
k
t
b Iegjt
p
s
j
N
[eaesbj
0. Jgtercbke CJ[ (Caeet Jgte`rbtjdg [ystei) /.get Jgte`rbtjdg

J gte`rbtjdg CI[ ‛ [B\
[B\
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

=. HB\J (Husjgess Bppajkbtjdg \rd`rbiijg` Jgtercbke)

Bnbabm stbgnbr prd`rbijg` jgtercbke ybg` ieicbsjajtbsj
ieicbsjajtbsj bfses nbtb nbg husjgess prdses [B\.
Kdgtdm tbipjabggyb ?
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 8;
\bè

IDNUA >? B\AJFB[J & JI\AEIEG^B[J [B\ IKK

IKK

IDNUA >. B\AJFB[J & JI\AEIEG^B[J [B\ IKK
2. Abtbr Heabfbg`

Herfeihbg`gyb fehutumbg jgte`rbsj bgtbr repdrt ieiugkuafbg bnbgyb upnbte heherbpb
prd`rbi hbjf trbgsbfsj ibupug repdrt [B\.
8. ûoubg
- Ieiperiunbm bgbajsb nbtb ybg` teabm bnb
- Ieiperhbjfj ad`jk permjtug`bg sesubj neg`bg fesjbpbg nbg fdgnjsj sbbt jgj
- Iegjg`fbtfbg fubajtbs bfurbsj nbtb IKK
;. [B\ \rdoekt

Jtei [B\ Upnbte ybg` teabm `d ajve nj tbmug 8<2>
Gd
Gd \rdoekt
\rdoekt @d-Ajve nbte
nbte Xeibrfs
Xeibrfs
2 Xepdrt Baa HUIB 2>-Ceh-2> Bnn cjean Odjgt [urvey
8b Jiprdve Xepdrt Equjpiegt \ercdribgke >-Oua-2> Gew cdriuab _IK5<>8X
8h Jiprdve Xepdrt Equjp \erc per-smjct 83-[ep-2> Gew cdriuab _IK5<>8X
; Nbjay Kadsjg` IKK trbgsbktjdg 2:-[ep-2> Gew \rdoekt Nbjay Kadsjg`
> Ugjt Ibgbèiegt ( Dut dc Hunèt ) 20-[ep-2> Gew \rdoekt II\[B
;.2 _IK3<52X ‛ XE\DX^
XE\DX^ \XDNUK^JDG BAA HUIB (BNN CJEAN ODJG^ [UXSEZ)
\egbihbmbg
\egbihbmbg cjean Odjgt [urvey pbnb Xepdrt \rdnuktjdg Baa HUIB
Fetegtubg cjean Bnoust Odjgt [urvey

[urvey _IK3<52X
_IK3<52X ?
2. Ieg`jsj XEKDXN MDUXAZ \XDNUK^JDG

8. Ieg`jsj XEKDXN ODJG^ [UXSEZ
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

;.2.2 _IK2222E - XEKDXN ODJG^ [UXSEZ
Ajst dc perjdn prdnuktjdg hbsen dg ibterjba

ibterjba bfbg iugkua sekbrb dtdibtjs ojfb teabm
terkbakuabte. Krdsskmekf (stbtus x / v ) ‛ Jgte`rbten wjtm Xekdrn Mduray \rdnuktjdg?
2. Ibterjba
8. Adkbtjdg
;. \rdnuktjdg kbakuabtjdg
- \erjdne ybg` terkbakuabte bnbabm perjdne
terpegnef nbg terpbgobg` nbabi jgput Xekdrn
Odjgt survey
- Sdauie prdnufsj pbnb adfbsj ybg` tjnbf sesubj
neg`bg adfbsj Xekdrn Mduray \rdnuktjdg bfbg
termjtug` ^rukf Kdugt sehb`bj pegbihbm
prdnufsj. (pbnb perjdne terpegnef nbg
terpbgobg` nbabi jgput Xekdrn Odjgt survey)
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

;.2.8 XE[UA^ ODJG^ [UXSEZ KBAKUAB^JDG (EDI) (^KDNE ? _IK3<22X & _IK3<52X)
Bnoustiegt Kbakuabtjdg
Kbakuabtjdg dc Odjgt [urvey ?

         (  
 
)

  
      
      
  (  )     

** \ermjtug`bg jgj hernbsbrfbg \J^
Gdte ?
- ^K
^K ? ^rukf Kdugt
- O[
O[ ? Odjgt [urvey
- EDI ? Egn Dc Idgtm
EDI
- ED\ O[
O[ ? Egn Dc \erjdn Odjgt [urvey
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

;.8 JI\XDSEIEG^ XE\DX^ ERUJ\IEG^ \EXCDXIBGKE (_IK5<>8X)

(_IK5<>8X)
\eruhbmbg repdrt Equjpiegt \ercdribgke _IK5<>2X (jgbktjve) iegobnj _IK5<>8X neg`bg
bnbgyb heherbpb upnbte iegègbj permjtug`bg, pegbihbmbg cjean sertb pjajmbg pbnb
seaektjdg bwba.
GD _I5<>2X _IK5<>8X
2 \ermjtug`bg \ercdribgke (\B,UB) Ibjg Equjpiegt ibsjm \ermjtug`bg \ercdribgke (\B,UB) Ibjg Equjpiegt sunbm
ieg`ùgbfbg ^D^BA MDUX[ (ADBNEX, MBUAEX) ieg`ùgbfbg ^D^BA JG\X MDUX[ (ADBNEX, MBUAEX)
\mysjkbaa Bvbjabhjajt
Bvbjabhjajtyy 9   
  \mysjkbaa Bvbjabhjajt
Bvbjabhjajtyy 9   
 
UB Ibjg Equjpiegt 9
 
  
  UB Ibjg Equjpiegt 9
 
  
 
8 \ermjtug`bg \ercdribgke (\B,UB) [uppdrt Equjpiegt ibsjm \ermjtug`bg \ercdribgke (\B,UB) [uppdrt Equjpiegt sunbm
ieg`ùgbfbg ^D^BA MDUX[ (ADBNEX, MBUAEX) ieg`ùgbfbg ^D^BA JG\X MDUX[ (ADBNEX, MBUAEX)
\mysjkbaa Bvbjabhjajt
Bvbjabhjajtyy 9   
  \mysjkbaa Bvbjabhjajt
Bvbjabhjajtyy 9   
 
    
   
UB [uppdrt Equjpiegt 9


UB [uppdrt
[uppdrt Equjpiegt 9   

 
; \egbihbmbg Cjean UB E]KE[[
UB Exkess 9
 
  

  
> Mbgyb bnb pjajmbg dvervjew Xepdrt per nby
nby pbnb seaektjdg skreeg Bnb pegbihbmbg pjajmbg dvervjew Xepdrt per [mjct pbnb
[mjct pbnb
seaektjdg skreeg
;.8.2 JG\X Mdurs

JG\X MDUX[ bnbabm abib wbftu equjpiegt herstbtus JG\X nbabi subtu sjte.
Kmekf jg JE<; -7 Extrbs -7 Bktjdg Ad`
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 8=
\bè

\bnb Xepdrt Equjpiegt \ercdribgke ybg` hbru (_IK5<>8X) permjtug`bg percdribgke

heruhbm nbrj ^dtba Mdurs iegobnj ieg`ùgbfbg ^dtba JG\X Mdurs, ^dtba JG\X Mdurs
njmjtug` hernbsbrfbg stbtus JG\X mbrj herobabg pbnb JE<;.
\ermjtug`bg \ercdribgke
\ercdribgke Ibjg Equjpiegt ieg`ùgbfbg
Equjpiegt ieg`ùgbfbg ^D^BA JG\X MDUX[
\ermjtug`bg \ercdribgke
\ercdribgke [uppdrt Equjpiegt ieg`ùgbfbg
Equjpiegt ieg`ùgbfbg ^D^BA JG\X MDUX[
;.8.8 KMEKF JG\X MDUX[

Kbrb kmekf JG\X mdurs 9 ^dtba Mdurs
b. Kmekf nj _IK5<>8X, cjater ybg` JG\X Mdurs nbg ^dtba Mdursgyb tjnbf sbib
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

h. Kmekf IIB ugjt ybg` ieipugybj nevjbsj bgtbrb ^dtba Mdurs & ^dtba JG\X Mdurs,
permbtjfbg tà peruhbmbg stbtus ugjt ybg` njmbrbpfbg
k. Kmekf nj _IK2<;2E ‛ Xekdrn Pdrf Mdur & Gdtjcjkbtjdg
\bstjfbg tjnbf bnb bftjvjtbs ybg` heaui kaebr (Pdrfjg`,[tbgnhy,HN)
n. _IK<<<2E - Xuggjg` Hbkf Nbte equjpiegt

Ibsufbg tbg``ba herobabg hertbmbp sbipbj neg`bg tbg``ba y` njjg`jgfbg.
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | ;<
\bè

;.; Nbjay Kadsjg` IKK ^rbgsbktjdg _IK28;2E

Nbjay Kadsjg` IKK ^rbgsbktjdg jgj njhubt btbs nbsbr pegjg`fbtbg Rubajty nbg Rubgtjty nbtb
IKK nbg sehb`bj nbsbr skdrjg` dg tjie jgput rbw nbtb.
Xuae ?
- Herabfu ugtuf kadsjg` M-2 (prd`ress)
(prd`ress)
- [ekbrb dtdibtjs bfbg terkadse pf ? 25?<< PJH / 23?<< PJ^B
- ^rbgsbfsj ybg` nj kadse ?
 Xekdrn Mduray \rdnuktjdg _IK2<22E
 Xekdrn Pdrf Mdurn & Gdtjcjkbtjdg _IK2<;2E

Xekdrn MI _IK2<>2E (prd`ress)
(prd`ress)
- Nbjay Kadsjg` IKK _IK28;2E mbgyb nj dpeg setjbp mbrj Ouibt ugtuf 2 ijg`ù mbrj
feheabfbg`, mbrj tersehut bnbabm wbftu sjte ugtuf \dstjg` td \[
(Dpeg ? <=?<< PJH/<:?<< PJ^B . Kadse ? 20?<< PJH/2=?<< PJ^B)
- \eg`boubg HB dpeg nbjay kadsjg` ojfb ternbpbt upnbte prdnufsj btbu revjsj PM ybg`
sbg`bt urègt (fbregb peruhbmbg stbtus ugjt, dutstbgnjg` Hrebfndwg)
Ibjgtbjg Nbjay \dstjg` IKK
Idgjtdrjg` Kadsjg` \erjdn
HEXJ^B BKBXB D\EG NBJAZ KAD[JG@

E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | ;2
\bè

;.> XEKDXN MI

MI
\bnb rekdrn MI ternbpbt peruhbmbg vbajnbsj nj tbmug 8<25. \eruhbmbg tersehut bnbabm
sehb`bj herjfut ?
[eheaui [esunbm
^jnbf bnb jgte`rbsj neg`bg Xekdrn PM & Njjgte`rbsjfbg neg`bg Xekdrn PM & Gdtjcjfbsj
Gdtjcjfbsj PM tjnbf hdaem aehjm hesbr nbrj MI (MI ≥ PM)
Neg`bg bnbgyb jgte`rbsj bgtbrb trbgsbfsj MI nbg trbgsbfsj PM bnb heherbpb bturbg ybg`
perau njfetbmuj ybjtu ?
2. Xekdrn PM & Gdtjcjfbsj njjgput teraehjm nbmuau seheaui jgput nj Xekdrn MI
^jnbf herabfu sehbajfgyb, ojfb njjgput Xekdrn MI teraehjm nuau seiegtbrb Xekdrn PM &
Gdtjcjfbsj ibsjm fdsdg` bfbg iugkua errdr iessbè ‑ paebse
‑ paebse ibjgtbjg PM cjrst ’ nbg
tjnbf hjsb njjgput.
8. \rdses vbajnbsj herabg`sug` fetjfb fajf sbve nj Xekdrn MI (dtdibtjs iegouiabmfbg tdtba
MI abau njhbgnjg`fbg neg`bg tdtba PM)
Ojfb tdtba MI aehjm fekja nbrj tdtba PM ibfb bfbg iugkua errdr iessbè ‑ ^dtba MI smduan
’.
xxxx ’.
;.5 êrnbpbt upnbte pbnb 8 trbgsbfsj nbg 2 repdrt [B\. Fenubgyb `d ajve nj Kajegt ;<< per 2
Neseiher 8<25
8<25
;.5.2 Ibgnbtdrj ^jkf Habstjg`/Gdg Habstjg` Ibterjba (_IK2<22E?
( _IK2<22E? Xekdrn Mduray \rdnuktjdg &
_IK2<2>E? Upadbn Mduray)

Mduray)
Mbrus tjkf sbabm sbtu Habstjg`/Gdg Habstjg`. Ojfb tjnbf nj tjkf sbabm sbtu, ibfb tjnbf hjsb
tersbve.
;.5.8 Ibgnbtdrj CXDI ADKB^JDG pbnb ^rbgsbfsj XEKDXN NJ[^BGKE (_IK2<32E)

(_IK2<32E)
- Crdi Adkbtjdg pbnb Xekdrn Njstbgke (_IK2<32E) terjgte`rbsj neg`bg Crdi Adkbtjdg
pbnb Xekdrn Mduray \rdnuktjdg (_IK2<22E)
- Ojfb Crdi Adkbtjdg pbnb pbnb Xekdrn Njstbgke (_IK2<32E) tjnbf sbib neg`bg Crdi
Adkbtjdg pbnb Xekdrn Mduray \rdnuktjdg (_IK2<22E) ibfb tnf bfbg hjsb nj sbve
- Ojfb ybg` vbajn bnbabm Crdi Adkbtjdg pbnb Xekdrn Njstbgke (_IK2<32E) ibfb Crdi
Adkbtjdg pbnb pbnb Xekdrn Mduray \rdnuktjdg (_IK2<22E)mbrus
(_IK2<22E)mbrus njrevjsj / njupnbte
sesubj neg`bg nbtb ybg` vbajn.
- Dpeg perjdn bfbg njae`bafbg ugtuf kbse jgj
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

;.5.; Kbakuabte Njstbgke pbnb Xepdrt \rdnuktjdg Baa HUIB (_IK3<52X)

(_IK3<52X)
- Njstbgke (DH) & Njstbgke (KI) fenepbggyb sjabmfbg njbihja nbrj _IK3<52X.-7
Bktuba Njstbgke
- Bktuba Njstbgke bnbabm mbsja kbakuabte nbrj Xekdrn Njstbgke neg`bg jgte`rbsj crdi
Adkbtjdg Mduray \rdnuktjdg
**** sbbt jgj ibsjm nbabi neveadpe EX\
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | ;;
\bè

\EGZU[UGBG AB\DXBG \XDNUF[J
IDNUA 5? NB[BX & B\AJFB[J ERUJ\IEG^ KB\BKJ^Z BGBAZ[J[

BGBAZ[J[

IDNUA 5. NB[BX & B\AJFB[J ERUJ\IEG^ KB\BKJ^Z BGBAZ[J[
2. Necjgjsj
Equjpiegt Kbpbkjty Bgbaysjs (EKB) bnbabm sbabm sbtu tddas ugtuf ieg`bgbajsjs fetjnbfterkbpbjbg
fetjnbfterkbpbjbg
prdnufsj ybg` njnbsbrfbg pbnb pabg fbpbsjtbs ugjt prdnufsj (equjpiegt) neg`bg
ieihbgnjg`fbg bgtbrb pabg nbg bktuba pbrbieter-pbrbieter prdnufsj (Rubgtjty ugjt, \B, UB,
nbg \rdnuktjvjty).
8. ûoubg
- Ieg`bgbajsb prdses prdnufsj nbpbt njabfufbg sekbrb kepbt, tepbt nbg bfurbt.
- Ieg`jnegtjcjfbsj cbktdr pegyehbh fetjnbfterkbpbjbg prdnufsj, bnbgyb tjgnbfbg perhbjfbg
hbjf fdreftjc nbg prevegtjc ybg` ieibnbj btbs fetjnbfterkbpbjbg prdnufsj tersehut.
- Ieibstjfbg tertjh bnijgjstrbsj nbg ndfuiegtbsj nbabi ieabfufbg bgbajsjs prdnufsj
hernbsbrfbg fbpbsjtbs babt nbg sesubj neg`bg systei ibgboeieg iutu, feseabibtbg,
fesembtbg ferob, nbg ajg`fug`bg mjnup (R[ME).
;. Cdriuabsj EKB


          

;.2. @bjg/Adss Idnea Ugjt
                 
  
   
          
    

           
    

            
                

Ugtuf ieg`mjtug` `bjg/adss ibsjg`-ibsjg` jtei stbgnhy njùgbfbg cdriuab shh.
             


       

   

;.8. @bjg/Adss @rdupjg` Idnea Ugjt
Ojfb gjabj nevjbsj bktuba nbg pabg seiub pbrbieter prdnufsj nbrj `rdupjg` ugjt sesubj neg`bg
ouiabm `bjg/adss idnea ugjt, ibfb `bjg/adss `rdupjg` ugjt ierupbfbg ouiabmbg nbrj `bjg/adss
idnea ugjt pbnb `rdup tersehut. Ojfb gjabj nevjbsj bktuba nbg pabg tjnbf sesubj neg`bg ouiabm
`bjg/adss idnea ugjt, ibfb `bjg/adss `rdupjg` ugjt ybjtu njmjtug` feihbaj `bjg/adss termbnbp
vbaue seiub pbrbieter prdnufsj nbrj `rdupjg` ugjt. [bib mbagyb neg`bg permjtug`bg `bjg/adss
tdtba baa ugjt.
     

    

  
      

     
    
  
       
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

    
    
    
    
 

   
  
   
  
       

   
           
   

            
   

            
   

             
>. Baur \rdses \eihubtbg EKB

b. Jgput perjdne ybg` bfbg njbgbajsjs, mbrj skmenuae sbcety tbaf, pjajm Gdg btbu adg` smjct Crjnby
pbnb smeet \abg
Gdte ? ugtuf EKB Nbjay, Peefay, & Zebray njsesubjfbg perjdne-gyb.

h. \jajm herbpb smjct ugtuf ibsjg`-ibsjg` ibterjba pbnb smeet \abg
k. Jgput pabg Rubgtjty DH, KI, K^ (Adbnjg` & Mbuajg` Equjpiegt) njsesubjfbg neg`bg hunèt
terhbru herjfut pabg prdnuktjvjty-gyb. \abg Rubgtjty hjsb njsesubjfbg neg`bg fdgnjsj sjte
seabib prdnufsjgyb tjnbf heruhbm.
n. Jgput pabg pbrbieter stbgnhy & %\B ugjt DH, KI, K^ njsesubjfbg neg`bg hunèt terhbru
herjfut pbrbieter ibjgtegbgke kdipdsjtjdg-gyb
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

e. Ndwgadbn _IK5<>8X
\abgt ? njsesubjfbg neg`bg sjte
Nbte ? njsesubfbg neg`bg perjdne-gyb
Gdte ? Abydut njsesubjfbg neg`bg fehutumbg ibsjg`-ibsjg` sjte
[eteabm nj ndwgadbn, nj kdpy-pbste pbnb smeet _IK5<>8X ybg` gbgtjgyb bfbg termuhug` fe
smeet Equjp\ercdri.
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

\bnb smeet Equjp\ercdri fdadi C@ - Kef Pdrf Mdur [uh bktjvjty njpbstjfbg seiub bg`fbgyb
gda, mba tersehut ugtuf iegèkef fesesubjbg peg`jsjbg bktjvjty neg`bg suh bktjvjty pbnb
rekdrn wdrf mdur & gdtjc.
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | ;=
\bè

Mba jgj bfbg herpeg`brum pbnb permjtug`bg qubgtjty ugjt, nbg bfbg bnb nevjbsj pbnb netbja
wdrf mdur & tdtba PM smeet suiibry.
c. Ndwgadbn _IK;<28X pjajm Netbja (\abgt & Nbte ugtuf perjdn-gyb njsesubjfbg), feiunjbg
exekute.
Abydut pjajm EKB mduray netbja
[eteabm nj ndwgadbn, nj kdpy-pbste pbnb smeet _IK;<28X-N, feiunjbg pbnb fdadi ègerba
nj repabke 2 ugtuf cbase & 8 ugtuf true, fbregb pbnb permjtug`bg seabgoutgyb njùgbfbg
bg`fb 2 & 8 hufbg true & cbase (kdnjg`).
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | ;:
\bè

`. Ndwgadbn _IK;<28X Mebner (\abgt & Nbte ugtuf perjdn-gyb njsesubjfbg) feiunjbg
exekute
Abydut necbuat ugtuf EKB, feiunjbg ndwgadbn nbg kdpy pbste fe smeet _IK;<28X-M
m. Ndwgadbn _II<;:X
_II<;:X (\abgt & Nbte ugtuf perjdn-gyb njsesubjfbg) feiunjbg exekute
- ^rbgsbktjdg Nbte njsesubjfbg

- ^rbgsbktjdg ^jie bihja 2 netjf
seheaui obi dperbsj bwba smjct
- \abgt njsesubjfbg
- Ibterjba Guiher _<<0<<<<<<<
Abydut pjajm EKB CUEA, seteabm nj ndwgadbn feiunjbg nj kdpy-pbste fe smeet _II<;:X.
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | ><
\bè

j. Jgput ibguba pabg & bktuba prdnuktjdg pbnb smeet KbpANXTDH, KbpANXTKI, KbpANXTK^
ybg` njbihja nbrj ^kdne _IK3<22X neg`bg ibterjba njsesubjfbg.
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | >2
\bè

o. Ieabfufbg fdgsdajnbsj nbtb ?

- Feterkbpbjbg prdnufsj (DH, Kdba Ijgjg`, Kdba ^rbgspdrt)
- Nbtb percdribgke ugjt ybg` ieajputj \mysjkbaay dc Bvbjabjhjajty (\B), Use dc Bvbjabjhjajty
(UB), \rdnuktjvjty.
- Nbtb cuea usbè (Ajter/ugjt, Ajter/hki,
A jter/hki, Ajter/tdg)
- Pbtercbaa bgbaysjs adbner

Iegugouffbg hbmwb pabg prdnufsj ybg` njnbsbrfbg pbnb adbner kbpbkjty sehesbr 5.2
ihki, senbg`fbg bftuba prdnufsj njperdaem sehesbr 3.2 ihki, ibfb `bjg prdnufsj
sehesbr 2 ihki. Mba jgj terobnj fbregb `bjg prdnufsj (`reeg cjaa) bfjhbt Rubgtjty ugjt
sehesbr <.;: ihki, `bjg prdnufsj bfjhbt \B sehesbr <.;0 ihki, nbg `bjg prdnufsj
bfjhbt UB sehesbr <.05 ihki, senbg`fbg \rdnuktjvjty iegyuihbg` adss dppdrtugjty
(ren cjaa)
cjaa) sehesbr <.52 ihki.
- Pbtercbaa bgbaysjs mbuaer
\abg prdnufsj ybg` njnbsbrfbg pbnb mbuaer kbpbkjty sehesbr 5.2 ihki, senbg`fbg bftuba
prdnufsj njperdaem sehesbr 3.2 ihki, ibfb `bjg prdnufsj sehesbr 2 ihki. Mba jgj
terobnj fbregb `bjg prdnufsj (`reeg cjaa) bfjhbt \B sehesbr <.;> ihki, `bjg prdnufsj
bfjhbt UB sehesbr <.;3 ihki, nbg \rdnuktjvjty sehesbr <.;= ihki senbg`fbg Rubgtjty
ugjt iegyuihbg` adss dppdrtugjty (ren
(ren cjaa
cjaa)) sehesbr =: fhki.
- [bib mbagyb nbabi ieg`jgterpretbsj `rbcjf wbtercbaa bgbaysjs adbner & mbuaer ugtuf Kdba
Ijgjg` & Kdba ^rbgspdrt.
f. Ieabfufbg bgbajsjs pbretd Rubgtjty ugjt, \B, UB, \rdnuktjvjty prdhaei.
Rubgtjty ugjt (Adbner 285<-up & Mbuaer 00;-up)
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

Hernbsbrfbg tbhea njbtbs, pabg qubgtjty adbner 2xE];3<<, 8xE]85<<, 2;x\K8<<< nbg
;x\K285<, senbg`fbg bftuba qubgtjty <.5xE];3<<, 8xE]85<<, 2>.:x\K8<<< nbg ;.:x\K285<.
\abg qubgtjty mbuaer 0x0=5K, :2xMN0=5-0, 2<xMN0=5-5, nbg 23x000N, senbg`fbg bftuba
qubgtjty ;.>x0=5K, ==.:xMN0=5-0, 82.0xMN0=5-5, 2>.3x000N, 2.3xMN>35, nbg >.:x00;N.
Njfbregbfbg Rty ugjt mbuaer herbfjhbt adss dppdrtugjty,
dppdrtugjty, ibfb njjsj reibr
reibrff pegyehbhgyb.
\mysjkbaay dc Bvbjabjhjajty (\B) ugjt (Adbner 285<-up & Mbuaer 00;-up)
Hernbsbrfbg tbhae njbtbs, sekbrb dverbaa, hbjf adbner 285< up ibupug mbuaer 00;N up, bftuba
\B aehjm hesbr nbrj pabg \B brtjgyb herfdgtrjhusj termbnbp `bjg prdnufsj, ibfb reibrfgyb
tjnbf perau njjsj pegyehbh.
Use dc Bvbjabjhjajty (UB) ugjt (Adbner 285<-up & Mbuaer 00;-up)
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | >;
\bè

Hernbsbrfbg tbhae njbtbs, sekbrb dverbaa, hbjf adbner 285< up ibupug mbuaer 00;N up, bftuba
UB aehjm tjg``j nbrj pabg UB brtjgyb herfdgtrjhusj termbnbp `bjg prdnufsj, ibfb tjnbf perau
njbgbajsjs aehjm abgout terfbjt mba jgj. Ojfb UB herfdgtrjhusj termbnbp adss prdnufsj ibfb perau
njbgbajsjs aehjm abgout pbretd adss tjie (stbgnhy) sepertj tbhae njhbwbm, bpb ybg` iegobnj
rddt kbuse stbgnhy neg`bg ieg`jsj reibrfgyb.
reibrfgyb.
\rdnuktjvjty ugjt (Adbner 285<-up & Mbuaer 00;-up)
Hernbsbrfbg tbhae njbtbs, bktuba prdnuktjvjty adbner \K285<up aehjm fekja njhbgnjg` pabg
brtjgyb herfdgtrjhusj termbnbp adss dppdrtugjty, ibfb perau njbgbajsjs aehjm abgout
a bgout terfbjt mba
jgj, 5 pbretd prdnuktjvjty prdhaei sepertj tbhae njhbwbm, bpb ybg` iegobnj rddt kbuse-gyb
neg`bg ieg`jsj reibrf njhbwbm. [enbg`fbg ugtuf mbuaer bftuba prdnuktjvjty aehjm hesbr
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | >>
\bè

nbrj pabggyb, ibfb tjnbf perau njjsj reibrfgyb btbu hjsb njjsj neg`bg pabg nbg bftuba bverbè
njstbgke.
[bib mbagyb ugtuf ieg`bgbajsjs pbretd qubgtjty ugjt, \B, UB, \rdnuktjvjty ugjt Kdba ijgjg`
nbg Kdba trbgspdrt.
Gdte? Ojfb \rdnufsj bktuba dver hunèt, ibfb ugtuf adss ybg` terobnj bnbabm adss
dppdrtugjty, hufbg adss prdnufsj.
a. \erjfsb feihbaj bpbfbm nbtb & mbsja bgbajsjs hegbr.

i. Njstrjhusj EKB fe sektjdg mebn Eg`s & \rdns sertb IKK MD.
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

IDNUA 3? NB[BX & BFUXB[J [KMENUAE [EXSJKE

[EXSJKE

IDNUA 3. NB[BX & BFUXB[J [KMENUAE [EXSJKE
2. Necjgjsj [kmenuae [ervjke

[kmenuae servjke bnbabm wbftu njibgb ugjt njibtjfbg fetjfb perhbjfbg btbu perbwbtbg ybg`
njregkbgbfbg.
8. Necjgjsj Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke

Bfurbsj skmenuae servjke bnbabm prdsegtbse perjdnjkba servjke ugjt ybg` njabfufbg nbabi
tbg``ba ybg` sbib nbg nurbsj ybg` furbg` btbu sbib neg`bg nurbsj pabg servjke ugjt ybg`
teabm njtetbpfbg nbabi weefay pabg skmenuae servjke \B.

;. ûoubg
 [babm sbtu tdda ybg` iegùfur fetjnbfterkbpbjbg
fetjnbfterkbpbjbg weefay prdnuktjdg pabg
 Iegjg`fbtfbg eceftjcjtbs peg`ùgbbg
peg`ùgbbg ugjt (UB) adbner, mbuaer, & ugjt suppdrt
 Ieg`mjgnbrj fetersenjbbg ugjt (\B) nj hbwbm hunèt bfjhbt tjnbf sesubjgyb servjke ugjt
 Ieg`mjgnbrj hjbyb repbjr ugjt ybg` tjg``j bfjhbt tjnbf
tj nbf sesubjgyb servjke ugjt
 Ieg`mjgnbrj terobnjgyb bkkjnegt/feru`jbg bfjhbt cbftdr tefgjs.
t efgjs.
>. Baur \rdses Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke

EG@‚s
\abgger \A^s
[pv Ijge \abg [pv Idgjtdrjg` Kdgtrda Ci IKK
Iuabj
Hubt weefay
Hubt weefay
skmenuae
ijge pabg
servjke ugjt
Hubt bfurbsj
skmenuae servjke
\erjfsb nbtb
bfurbsj skmenuae
servjke
Zb Bnb
ibsbabm4
^jnbf
Bgbajsjs
feterkbpbjbg
bfurbsj skmenuae
Peefay ieetjg`
fddrnjgbsj (HE/C-
<20)
^jgnbfbg &
idgjtdrjg`
perhbjfbg
[eaesbj

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

5. \ermjtug`bg Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke

\ermjtug`bg bfurbsj skmenuae servjke, ieajputj?
 \abg tbg``ba & nurbsj skmenuae servjke ugjt perjdne ijg`ùbg
 Bktuba tbg``ba efsefusj nbg nurbsj skmenuae servjke perjdne ijg`ùbg
Gdte ? % bfurbsj 7 2<<% ibfb mbsjagyb tetbp 2<<%
3. \rdses \eihubtbg Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke

- Jgput pabg tbg``ba & nurbsj skmenuae servjke fe nbabi cdri exkea bfurbsj skmenuae
neg`bg sdurke nbtb nbrj weefay pabg skmenuae servjke
- Ndwgadbn rbw nbtb rekdrn wdrf mdur (^kdne _IK;<82X) neg`bg perjdne sesubjfbg
tbg``ba pbnb weef tsh.
\abgt ? njsesubfbg neg`bg sjte-gyb
Nbte ? njsesubfbg neg`bg perjdne-gyb
\jajm Abydut?
BFUXB[J [KMENUAE [EXSJKE

E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | >=
\bè

- [eteabm nj kdpy-pbste fe cdri exkea bfurbsj smeet [B\TPM, pbnb fdadi nbte-gyb nj sdrt-
bskegnjg` (njurutfbg)
- IKK perjfsb perseg feterkbpb

feterkbpbjbg
jbg bfurbsj skmenuae servjke
- Hrdbnkbst bfurbsj skmenuae servjke fe ijge pabg & \abgger \A^s ugtuf njsbipbjfbg pbnb
weefay ieetjg`.
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | >:
\bè

IDNUA 0? XE\DX^ BCKB

IDNUA 0. XE\DX^ BCKB
2. Necjgjsj BCKB

Bktuba Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg
Kdgsuiptjdg Bnoustiegt (BCKB)
(BCKB) bnbabm [eajsjm bgtbrb cuea ybg` njùgbfbg ugtuf
bftjvjtbs dperbtjdgba (Cuea Usbè btbu Cuea suppay) termbnbp suhsjnj cuea ybg` njherjfbg daem
kajegt hernbsbrfbg kdgtrbkt
kdgtrbkt ( btbu ybg` njsehut neg`bg cuea
cuea baadwbgke). Ojfb cuea baadwbgke aehjm
hesbr nbrj cuea usbè/cuea
usbè/cuea suppay ibfb kajegt iegèihbajfbg
iegèihbajfbg feaehjmbg
feaehjmbg cuea tersehut fepbnb
fdgtrbftdr neijfjbg
neijfjbg puab sehbajfgyb ojfb cuea
cuea baadwbgke aehjm fekja
fekja nbrj cuea usbè/cuea
usbè/cuea suppay
ibfb fdgtrbftdr iegèihbajfbg
iegèihbajfbg feaehjmbg cuea tersehut fepbnb kajegt.
8. Necjgjsj Xepdrt BCKB

Xepdrt BCKB bnbabm Xepdrt ybg` iegoeabsfbg iegègbj cuea kdst bfjhbt BCKB sertb pbrbieter
ybg` ieipeg`brumjgyb nbabi hegtuf wbtercbaa bgbaysjs nbg jiprdveiegt perhbjfbg ybg`
njsbojfbg neg`bg \JKB (ieruouf pbnb EG@/2;/<8;/JGF? Idgjtdrjg` Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg (Cuea
rbtjd)
;. Ibgcbbt Xepdrt BCKB

 [babm sbtu repdrt ugtuf iegùfur `bjg btbu adss BCKB (pegbihbm revegue ojfb `bjg
neijfjbg sehbajfgyb)

Iegjg`fbtfbg eceftjcjtbs peg`ùgbbg ugjt (UB) adbner, mbuaer, & ugjt suppdrt sertb
prdnuktjvjtbs ugjt adbner ibupug mbuaer
 Iegùfur ecjsjegsj cuea kdgsuiptjdg ybg` njajmbt nbrj perhbgnjg`bg PM neg`bg MI
 Iegùfur fesesubjbg peg`ùgbbg ugjt bktuba termbnbp hunèt (adbner, mbuaer, suppdrt)
 Iegètbmuj nbipbf nbrj peg`brum iubtbg trukf kdugt termbnbp odjgt survey
 Iegètbmuj fesesubjbg bnijgjstrbsj pegkbtbtbg
pegkbtbtbg neg`bg stdkf cuea ybg` bnb
 Iegètbmuj pbrbieter ‛ pbrbieter ybg` ieipeg`brumj BCKB
>. \ermjtug`bg BCKB

\brbieter
\brbieter ybg` njperaufbg nbabi permjtug`bg BCKB, ieajputj ?
 Bktuba cuea usbè, cuea suppay (hb`j Bnbrd nbg Fjnekd) , cuea baadwbgke
 \brbieter kdgtrbkt (prdnufsj, njstbgke, cuea rbtjd hersertb vbrjbsj gyb)
\brbieter
 \brbieter hunèt ybg` ieajputj Rubgtjty ugjt hernbsbrfbg type ugjt, pabg cuea
kdgsuiptjdg, pabg wdrfjg` mdur/ugjt, pabg prdnuktjvjty (DH nbg Kdba), pabg nevjbsj MI-PM
 Bktuba Rubgtjty ugjt, cuea kdgsuiptjdg, bktuba wdrfmdur, bktuba MI, bktuba prdnufsj
Gdte ? [durke nbtb njbihja nbrj Xepdrt Idgjtdrjg` Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg (_II<;:X) nbg Xepdrt
Equjpiegt \ercdribgke (_IK5<>8X)
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

5. Baur \rdses Xepdrt BCKB

UXU^BG \XD[E[ FEXOB FEÊXBG@BG
EG@s EG@ Hunet & Kdst

Xeabten
\I Bgbaysjs
[ekt. Mebn [\S IKK [ekt.
[uperjgtegnegt
Iuabj
2. Ieabfufbg
Ieabfufbg bgbabgbajsb
jsb tbrèt cuea rbtjd
Bgbajsb Cuea rbtjd baadwbgke njhbgnjg`fbg neg`bg bftuba
cuea rbtjd (ugtuf odhsjte neg`bg sjstei
BCKB) btbu ieierjfsb tbrèt cuea rbtjd
pabg njhbgnjg`fbg neg`bg bftuba cuea
rbtjd (ugtuf odhsjte gdg BCKB), neg`bg
ieipertjihbg`fbg
ieipertjihbg` fbg cbftdr- cbftdr ? \rdnufsj
gdg vdauie / ègerba, Buxjajbry & [uppdrt
equjpiegt cuea kdgsuie, Nevjbsj Odjgt survey
vs trukfkdugt, \rdnuktjvjty , Nevjbsj PM
(wdrfjg` mdur) vs MI (Mdur ieter), Rubgtjty
ugjt, Cuea hurg, Cuea hbkfkmbrè, Cuea kdst
kegter, Cuea stdkf , nbg abjg-abjg.
[erbmfbg repdrt 8. Iegyerbmfb

Iegyerbmfbg
g repdrt mb
mbsja
sja bgbajsb
bgbajsb cuea
mbsja bgbajsb Cuea rbtjd.
rbtjd
;. Ie
Ieih
ihub
ubtt \JKB (\rdhaei Jnegtjcjkbtjdg
Hubt \JKB nbg bgn Kdrrektjve Bktjdg) ybg` ieajhbtfbg
fjrji [ektdg Mebn abjg (\XDs, \A^s, AD@s,
MX@Bs, CBKs nbg ^Ks), abau
ieg`jrjifbggyb fe \I.
Serjcjfbsj \JKB & >. Ieabfufbg

Ieabfufbg verjcjfverjcjfbsj
bsj \JKB & repdrt repdrt
repdrt bgbajsb cuea bgbajsb cuea rbtjd, bpbfbm setuou4Ojfb?
rbtjd ZB ab
abg
g ou
ou t fe b ftj
ftjvj
vjtb
tbs
s g d.
d. 5.
5.
^JNB
^JNBFF feihbaaj
feihbaaj f fe
e bf
bftjvjtb
tjvjtbs
s gd.
gd. ;.
^jnbf
[etuou 4
Zb
Fdgcjribsj \JKB 5. Ieabfufbg

Ieabfufbg fdgcjrib
fdgcjribsj
sj persetuoubg
persetuoubg \JKB
\JKB
nbg serbmfbg nbg serbmfbg.
[erbmfbg \JKB 3. Iegyerbmfb

Iegyerbmfbgg \JKB ybg
ybg`
` sunbm njsetuo
njsetuouj
uj
ybg` sunbm fe Hunèt & Kdst Bgbaysjs
njsetuouj [uperjgtegnegt.
Ieabfsbgbfbg 0. Ieabfsbgbfbg tjgnbfbg perhbjfbg

perhbjfbg sesubj
tjgnbfbg neg`bg \JKB ieruouf fe [D\ gd. HE[/
perhbjfbg [D\-<<86 ^jgnbfbg \erhbjfbg &
(HE[/[D\-<<8) \egke`bmbg.
=. Ieabfufbg
Ieabfufbg revjew
revjew eceftjvjtbs
eceftjvjtbs termbnb
termbnbp
p
Xevjew tjgnbfbg tjgnbfbg perhbjfbg nbg njnjstrjhusjfbg fe
perhbjfbg EG@ I@X, EG@ @I, D\X nbg EG@ NJX,
Hjsgjs ugjt @I.
Bftjvjtbs seaesbj
[eaesbj
3. \rdses \eihubtbg Xepdrt BCKB

3.2. Nbtbhbse
Nbtbhbse Bgbajsb BCKB
2. Ieabfufbg peg`jgputbg nj smeet nbtb ybg` ieajputj ?
- \brbieter kdgtrbkt (cuea rbtjd, fdgstbgtb, btbu vbrjbsj abjggyb ) , bktuba prdnufsj (DH,
kdba) nbg njstbgke bktuba
- Idnea ugjt hernbsbrfbg bktjvjty peferobbg (wbste reidvba, kdba, suppdrt)
- \brbieter hunèt nj fdadi ybg` teabm njsenjbfbg hernbsbrfbg type ugjt ugtuf qubgtjty
ugjt, pabg cuea kdgsuiptjdg,
kdgsuiptjdg, pabg kdrrektjdg wm/ugjt, pabg prdnuktjvjty dh nbg kdba
\eg`jgputbg tersehut njabfufbg nj smeet nbtb cuea semjg``b njperdaem gjabj ugtuf pabg cuea
kdgsuiptjdg baadwbgke,
baadwbgke, bktuba cuea baadwbgke,
baadwbgke, cuea rbtjd kdgtrbktdh nbg kdba.
8. Ieabfufbg ndwgadbn heherbpb repdrt nbrj [B\, bgtbrb abjg?

- Cuea trbgsbktjdg repdrt (_II<;:X) nj smeet _II<;:X
- Xepdrt equjpiegt percdribgke (_IK5<>8X) nj smeet _IK5<>8X
Ndwgadbn repdrt [B\ tersehut njseubjfbg neg`bg perjdne BCKB ybg` bfbg nj bgbajsb. Mbsja
ndwgadbn neg`bg dtdibtjs ieg`jsj jtei-jtei ?
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

b. Bktuba qubgtjty ugjt ? perhbgnjg`bg JG\X Mdurs termbnbp IDMM perjdne BCKB , kdgtdm
ugtuf huabg Ougj 8<25 ?
JGX
R U? 8>> rs Mrs
rsx ;s

h. Bktuba Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg

Kdgsuiptjdg ? \erhbgnjg`bg
\erhbgnjg`bg bgtbrb Rubgtjty cuea termbnbp ^dtba
^dtba MI (nbrj
smeet _II<;:X)
k. Bktuba PM DH, PM Kdba, PM, MI ? Njperdaem nbrj smeet _IK5<>8X, ybg` ibgb PM DH
ierupbfbg tdtba nbrj PM wdrfjg` DH nbg PM ègerba DH, neijfjbg puab PM Kdba
ierupbfbg tdtba nbrj PM wdrfjg` Kdba nbg PM ègerba Kdba.
n. \abg Cuea Usbè ? \erfbajbg bgtbrb pabg qubgtjty ugjt x pabg cuea kdgsuiptjdg x pabg kdrr
wm/ugjt x (2+hunèt %cuea), njibgb ugtuf adbner >%, mbuaer 3%, suppdrt =%. Ugtuf pabg
cuea usbè Buxjajbry Equjpiegt njperdaem nbrj hunèt cuea.
e. % \abg Cuea Usbè ? \ersegtbse (perhbgnjg`bg) cuea tjbp type equjpiegt termbnbp tdtba pabg
cuea usbè.
c. Cuea Baadwbgke (per type equjpiegt) ? \erfbajbg bgtbrb % \abg Cuea Usbè neg`bg Bktuba
Cuea Baadwbgke
`. \abg Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg Baadwbgke (per type equjpiegt) ? \erhbgnjg`bg bgtbrb cuea
baadwbgke termbnbp pabg kdrrektjve wdrfmdur (ojfb pabg qty ugjt 7 <)
m. Bktuba Cuea Usbè njperdaem nbrj Rubgtjty cuea nj smeet _II<;:X
j. Bktuba \rdnufsj DH/kdba ? Nj bihja nbrj smeet _IK5<>8X (fdadi PX \rdnuktjdg/kdba
prdnuktjdg)
o. Bktuba \rdnuktjvjty DH btbu kdba ? \erhbgnjg`bg bgtbrb bktuba prdnufsj Dh/kdba termbnbp bkt
Pm dh/kdba
f. Adss \rdnuktjvjty
\rdnuktjvjty bnbabm perfbajbg bgtbrb
bgtbrb seajsjm prdnuktjvjty
prdnuktjvjty (pabg vs bktuba),
bktuba), cuea rbtjd
kdgtrbkt hbse dg bktuba njstbgke nbg Pm Dh/kdba. Adss pty ybg` njmjtug` bnbabm mbgyb ugjt
adbner sbob btbu mbuaer sbob (ybg` ieipugybj peg`brum sj`gjcjfbg), neg`bg cdriuabsj ?
Ξ prdnuktjvjty x PM (Dh/kdba) x Cuea Xbtjd (Dh/kdba)
a. Ξ MI-PM bnbabm seajsjm bgtbrb MI nbg PM termbnbp hunèt njibgb ugtuf % nev pabg
adbner >%, mbuaer 3%, suppdrt =%, neg`bg cdriuabsj?
((% nev MI-PM) - % nev pabg )x Ξ MI-PM) / (% nev MI-PM)

MI-PM)
i. Adss Ξ MI-PM bnbabm perfbajbg bgtbrb Ξ MI-PM neg`bg bktuba cuea kdgsuiptjdg
g. Ξ Rty ugjt bnbabm seajsjm bgtbrb
bgtbrb bktuba qubgtjty
qubgtjty ugjt ybg` njùgbfbg
njùgbfbg termbnbp
termbnbp hunèt
qubgtjty ugjt (gdte ? ojfb hunèt equjpiegt heaui hjsb njùgbfbg nbabi bkubg prdnufsj
fbregb babsbg dperbsjdgba, ibfb hunèt qubgjty ugjt ieruouf ;IX\ (; Idgtm Xdaajg` \abg)
d. Adss bnoustiegt ugjt bnbabm perfbajbg bgtbrb Ξ Rty ugjt x Bktuba cuea kdgsuiptjdg x (^dtba
PM / Rty ugjt bktuba), neg`bg kbtbtbg Ξ Rty ugjt 7 <.
p. Ξ cuea kdgsuip bnbabm seajsjm bgtbrb bktuba cuea kdgsuiptjdg neg`bg pabg cuea kdgsuiptjdg
baadwbgke
q. Adss cuea (A/Mrs) bnbabm perfbajbg bgtbrb Ξcuea k dgsuip termbnbp MI ugjt. Adss cuea jgj
ugtuf iegùfur seajsjm cuea ybg` njùgbfbg termbnbp suhsjnj ybg` njnbpbt nbrj kajegt
r. Cuea hurg bnbabm rbtb-rbtb cuea ybg` teabm terhbfbr mbhjs daem eg`jge (ajter/mr). Nbtb jgj
njperdaem nbrj nbtb trbfjgnd btbu SMI[
s. Ξcuea hurg bnbabm [eajsjm nbrj bktuba cuea kdgsuiptjdg neg`bg cuea hurg, ojfb nbtb cuea hurg
tjnbf represegtbtjve ibfb ieg`ùgbfbg cdriuabsj?
Bktuba Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg

Kdgsuiptjdg - \abg Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg
Kdgsuiptjdg
t. Adss cuea hurg neg`bg cdriuabsj ?

Ξ Cuea Hurg x MI
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

3.8. Bgbajsb
Bgbajsb BCKB
BCKB? Bktuba Cuea Usbè ‛ Bktuba Cuea Baadwbgke, ojfb cuea baadwbgke
baadwbgke aehjm hesbr nbrj
nbrj cuea
usbè/cuea suppay ibfb kajegt iegèihbajfbg feaehjmbg cuea tersehut fepbnb fdgtrbftdr
neijfjbg puab sehbajfgyb ojfb cuea baadwbgke
baadwbgke aehjm fekja nbrj
nbrj cuea usbè/cuea
usbè/cuea suppay ibfb
ibfb
fdgtrbftdr iegèihbajfbg
iegèihbajfbg feaehjmbg cuea tersehut fepbnb kajegt.
Nbrj nbtbhbse njbtbs ibfb nbpbt njsjipuafbg heherbpb pbrbieter sehb`bj bkubg bgbajsb BCKB
ybg` ierupbfbg cbktdr pegyehbh adss cuea, sehb`bj herjfut (smeet @&A Cuea) ?
2. \rdnufsj gdg vdauie
Cuea ybg` njùgbfbg ugtuf fe`jbtbg dperbsjdgba prdnufsj gbiug tjnbf termjtug` sehb`bj
vdauie, kdgtdm ibterjba DH ugtuf kdgstrukt obabg (jgpjt), kdba ybg` ternjausj, prdnuktjdg dut
dc pjt, prdnuktjdg exkaune permjtug`bg [X, nsh. \rdnufsj gdg vdauie ybg` njibfsun bnbabm
seaurum ibterjba hbjf DH, iun, [dja ybg` tjnbf termjtug` sehb`bj prdnufsj (nbg btbu
peferobbg ègerba).
Cuea usbè ? prdnufsj gdg vdauie x cuea kdgtrbkt6 cuea kdgtbkt njsesubjfbg neg`bg njstbgke
pbnb sbbt bftjvjtbs tersehut herabg`sug`.
8. Xembgnajg` Kdba
Zbg` njibfsun neg`bg rembgnajg` kdba bnbabm bftjvjtbs kdba ijge nbrj pjt fe stdkfpjae
teipdrbry seheaui njhbwb fe [tdkfpjae bfmjr (\drt/Krusmer),
(\drt/Krusmer), semjg``b ieihutumfbg 8 fbaj
pegbg`bgbg (nduhae mbgnajg`). Kdba ybg` njhbwb fe [tdkfpjae êipdrbry tjnbf termjtug`
sehb`bj prdnufsj semjg``b cuea usbè ybg` njùgbfbg njbg``bp adss.
Ojfb caeet rembgnajg` kdba terhb`j 8 babi (ijsba rembgnajg` kdba nbg DH), ibfb permjtug`bg
adss/`bjg cuea bnbabm sehb`bj herjfut?
- Adss/`bjg cuea? prdnufsj kdba rembgnajg` x cuea kdgtrbkt6 cuea kdgtbkt njsesubjfbg
neg`bg njstbgke pbnb sbbt bftjvjtbs tersehut herabg`sug`, kdba rembgnajg` teabm
njfdgversj fe Hki, btbu
- Adss/`bjg cuea ? (PM kdba rembgnajg`/^dtba PM) x Cuea Usbè, hbjf ugtuf adbner
ibupug mbuaer
Ojfb caeet rembgnajg` kdba sunbm tetbp, ibfb permjtug`bg cuea usbè sehb`bj herjfut?
- ^bmbp 2?
2? Iegkbrj rbtjd cuea ajter/tdg.fi nbrj bftjvjtbs XDI (teipdrbry) fe Krusmer/pdrt
(b), neg`bg ruius ? C X 
X  rsr  rsr Ar
 x X  rsr F
njibgb6 Cuea XDI td Krusmer ?

I I td Kume  Kdba
(
I ^dtba
MI XDI td Krusmer (ugtuf ugjt ybg` heferob  xXDI btbu^dtbaXDXDI
nbrj pjt fe xI C
fe krusmer)?
dn I td Kume  I
(
dn jt td II td Kumejt td Kume 
Gdte ? Ojfb MI furbg` vbajn ibfb cbktdr peg`bajgyb hjsb nj`bgtj neg`bg PM Kdba
MI XDI td Krusmer (ugtuf ugjt ybg` heferob nbrj pjt fe XDI nbg XD
XDI
I fe krusmer )?
dn I td Kume  Njtbge I td ume
( dn jt td I  Njt jt td KumeI td Kume  Njt I td Kumejt td Kume  Njt jt td Kume  x M
Gdte ? Ojfb MI furbg` vbajn
v bajn ibfb cbktdr peg`bajgyb hjsb nj`bgtj neg`bg PM Kdba
- ^bmbp 8 ?
8 ? Iegkbrj rbtjd cuea ajter/tdg.fi nbrj bftjvjtbs \jt td XDI (h)
Kbrb permjtug`bg sbib neg`bg ^bmbp 2 mbgyb sbob seiub vbrjbhae nbrj XDI td krusmer
nj`bgtj neg`bg \jt td XDI
- ^bmbp ;?
;? Iegkbrj rbtjd cuea ajter/tdg.fi nbrj bftjvjtbs kdba rembgnajg` (k)?
 x sk X  rsr

rsr  h x sk   X
sXkrsrs X
s X  krsrs   X
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

- ^bmbp >?
>? Iegkbrj nevjbsj Adss Kdba rembgnajg` (n)? (k) - (b)
- ^bmbp 5?
5? [emjg``b nbpbt njmjtug` Adss cuea bfjhbt kdba rembgnajg`
n x (njst \jt td XDI + njst XDI td Krusmer) x \rdnufsj XDI td krusmer
;. Buxjajbry & [uppdrt Equjpiegt

Cuea ybg` njùgbfbg daem [uppdrt nbg Buxjajbry Equjpiegt ugtuf iegnufug` bftjvjtbs
prdnufsj, Adss Cuea ybg` termjtug` njsjgj bnbabm adss cuea pbnb suppdrt nbg buxjajbry
equjpiegt
[uppdrt Equjpiegt

[uppdrt equjpiegt ybg` termjtug` njsjgj bnbabm Ndzer, Idtdr `rbner, [ibaa \K,
Kdipbktdr,
Kdipbktd r, Ijgepuip, Pbter trukf btbu ybg` njsehut ijge suppdrt.
Adss Cuea suppdrt equjpiegt ybg` termjtug` bnbabm ?
Bktuba ccu
uea u
ussb e su drt e uj iegt ‛ Cuea Baad
adw
wbgke su drt e uj iegt
Bktuba cuea usbè bnbabm tdtba cuea ybg` njùgbfbg daem suppdrt equjpiegt (nbrj repdrt
cuea kdgsuiptjdg _II<;:X).
Cuea baadwbgke bnbabm tdtba cuea baadwbgke ugtuf suppdrt equjpiegt
 Buxjajbry Equjpiegt
Buxjajbry equjpiegt ybg` termjtug` njsjgj bnbabm seaurum suppdrt seabjg ijge suppdrt
sepertj cuea trukf, auhe trukf, hus, AS, Aj`mtjg`
Aj `mtjg` tdwer, nsh.
Adss Cuea buxjajbry

buxjajbry equjpiegt ybg` termjtug` bnbabm
Cuea Baadwbgke bux equjpiegt
Bktuba cuea usbè bux equjpiegt ‛ Cuea
Bktuba cuea usbè bnbabm tdtba cuea ybg` njùgbfbg daem buxjajbry equjpiegt (nbrj smeet
_II<;:X). Cuea baadwbgke bnbabm tdtba cuea baadwbgke nbrj buxjajbry equjpiegt
>. Nevjbsj Odjgt [urvey
Zbg` njibfsun neg`bg nevjbsj odjgt survey bnbabm seajsjm bgtbrb bktuba vdauie trukfkdugt
neg`bg odjgt survey hbjf ibterjba DH ibupug kdba ( Ξ vdauie). Adss/@bjg Cuea nevjbsj Odjgt
[urvey neg`bg cdriuabsj ?
kdgtrbkt KI
(Ξ vdauie DH x cuea rbtjd kdgtrbkt DH) + (Ξ vdauie KI x cuea rbtjd kdgtrbkt
Neg`bg Ξvdauie DH? V^K DH - O[ DH}, Ξ vdauie Kdba? V^K DH ‛ O[ Kdba (Pej`mt Hrjnè)Y
5. \rdnuktjvjty
Adss/@bjg Cuea ybg` njsehbhfbg bfjhbt prdnuktjvjty bnbabm Adss/@bjg Cuea bfjhbt nbrj adss
prdnuktjvjty
prdnuktj vjty hbjf DH ibupug kdba. Adss/`bjg cuea tersehut ybg` ieipugybj jipbkt
termbnbp tdtba adss/`bjg cuea bnbabm sbabm sbtu nbrj adbner btbu mbuaer ybg` ieipeg`brumj
BCKB sekbrb sj`gjcjfbg (hufbg fenub8 gyb)
3. Nevjbsj MI-PM
Adss/`bjg cuea ybg` njsehbhfbg bfjhbt nevjbsj MI-PM bnbabm adss/`bjg cuea bfjhbt nbrj
nevjbsj MI-PM hbjf DH, kdba ibupug suppdrt, gbiug ugtuf MI btbu PM ybg` heaui
tervbajnbsj tjnbf perau njpermjtug`bg fenbabi bgbajsb BCKB
0. Cuea Hurg
Adss/`bjg cuea ybg`
ybg` njsehbhfbg bfjhbt
bfjhbt cuea hurg bnbabm adss/`bjg
adss/`bjg cuea bfjhbt nbrj
nbrj seajsjm
bgtbrb cuea hurg neg`bg cuea kdgsuiptjdg (btbu herabfu 8.s)
Gdte ? B`br tjnbf bnb nduhae kdugtjg` adss cuea,bgtbrb nevjbsj MI-PM neg`bg Cuea hurg
sbajg` terfdrefsj, ijsba adss cuea hurg aehjm hesbr ibfb bfbg terfdrefsj neg`bg adss cuea
nevjbsj MI- PM (njfurbg`j neg`bg adss cuea nevjbsj MI-PM) he`jtu puab sehbajfgyb.
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

=. Bnoustiegt Ugjt

Adss/`bjg cuea ybg`
ybg` njsehbhfbg bfjhbt
bfjhbt bnoustiegt ugjt bnbabm
bnbabm adss/`bjg
adss/`bjg cuea bfjhbt nbrj
seajsjm bktuba ugjt ybg nuùgbfbg termbnbp hunèt setjbp tjpe equjpiegt (hbjf adbner,
mbuaer, ibupug suppdrt)
:. Dtmers
Zbg` njibfsun neg`bg Dtmers bnbabm pbrbieter abjg ybg` tjnbf ibsuf fenbabi pbreieter
bgbajsb BCKB ybg` teabm njsehutfbg njbtbs nbg ou`b sehb`bj cbktdr hbabgke nbrj seaurum
permjtug`bg pbrbieter bgbajsb BCKB, ybg` njmjtug` neg`bg ?
Bktuba Cuea
Bktuba Cuea Usb e ‛ Bktub
Usb Bktubaa Cuea Baadwb gke ‛ Ϋ \brbieter adss cuea
Baadwbgke
Gdte? \brbieter adss cuea bnbabm jtei 2 ‛ =.
=.
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

IDNUA =? IDG^MAZ \XDOEK^ XE\DX^

XE\DX^

IDNUA =. IDG^MAZ \XDOEK^ XE\DX^
2. [bcety
Xequest nbtb crdi [ME
8. \rdnufsj
Pbste Xeidvba ‛ Nek
Nek 8<2>
\jajm \abgt, Nbte nbg ibterjba
E]EKUÊ
*Herabfu sbib ugtuf ibterjba Kdba ijgjg` & Kdba trbgspdrt
Kdba Ijgjg` ‛ Nek
Nek 8<2> & Kdba ^rbgspdrt ‛ Nek
Nek 8<2>
Kdiiegt ?
Bkmjeveiegt Pbste Xeidvba 2<<.0%
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(nesfrjpsjfbg 5 cbftdr sekbrb àdhba ybg` ieipeg`brumj pegkbpbjbg bkmjeveiegt nbg
pegoeabsbggyb‛ Bkmjeveiegt
Bkmjeveiegt up btbupug ndwg mbrus njherj reibrf)
Kdgtdm ? \egkbpbjbg DH jgj 2<<.0 % nbrj tbrèt.
tbrèt.
Fdgnjsj jgj njsehbhfbg bgtbrb abjg?
 Obrbf bverbè bktuba nj \jt B? ;.3= fi ybg` herjihbs fefurbg`bg trukf mbuaer. Ugtuf
iegjg`fbtfbg prdnufsj,
prdnufsj, 8 Caeet nj \jt B sunbm njdperbsjfbg fe \jt H neg`b
neg`bg
g obrbf rbtb-rbtb?
2,>8 fi. Heaui bnb bftjvjtbs nrjaajg` nbg habstjg` semjg``b ibsjm Adbnjg` ibterjba cree nj`
nbg ter`bgtug` neg`bg prd`ress tdpsdjajg` nbrj NbribM
NbribMegwb.
egwb.
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

 Ouiabm caeet ybg` herdperbsj mbgyb 3 caeet nbrj = caeet ybg` nj hunètfbg. Feterabihbtbg
kdiijssjdgjg` 8 x exkbvbtdr nbg 5 x MN 0=5 ieg`bfjhbtfbg pabg = caeet tjnbf nbpbt herobabg
semg``b tbrèt tjnbf nbpbt terkbpbj.
 ^dtba fefurbg`bg Dperbtdr (Baa Ugjt) ibsjm ijgus 0= drbg`, gbiug neijfjbg sehbgybf 5<
drbg` senbg` nbabi tbmbp trbjgjg`. Ugtuf dperbtdr MN ibsjm furbg` 20 drbg`, ugtuf
prd`ressgyb senbg` iegug`ù trbjgjg` sehbgybf 22 drbg`. Dperbtdr hj` nj`èr ibsjm
furbg` > drbg`. Njmbrbpfbg Xbtjd fekufupbg Dperbtdr sehesbr 2.=3 nbpbt terpegumj ugtuf
ieg`btbsj peribsbabmbg
peribsbabmbg fefurbg`bg dperbtdr tersehut.
 Fdgnjsj obabg prdpjgsj nbrj iess ieguou adfbsj tbihbg`/pjt serjg` rusbf bfjhbt muobg
semjg``b ieg`bfjhbtfbg feibketbg obabg ojfb ternbpbt ugjt ybg` terèajgkjr/bihabs ,
herbfjhbt hus nbg ibgmbua fbrybwbg terabihbt nbtbg` fe \jt . Nbabi huabg Jgj terkbtbt ;
Fbaj feterabihbtbg njfbregbfbg ferusbfbg obabg prdpjgsj nbrj iess ieguou adfbsj
tbihbg`/pjt .
Bkmjeveiegt Kdba Ijgjg` 50.3%

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(nesfrjpsjfbg 5 cbftdr ybg` ieipeg`brumj pegkbpbjbg bkmjeveiegt nbg pegoeabsbggyb ‛
Bkmjeveiegt Kdba ^rbgspdrt %

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(nesfrjpsjfbg 5 cbftdr ybg` ieipeg`brumj pegkbpbjbg bkmjeveiegt nbg pegoeabsbggyb ‛
;. PM Bgbaysjs
Abg`fbm-abg`fbmgyb?
2. Jgput NbtbHbse Abhua \rdoekt 8<25

PM  B x UUBB x 8>8> rsrs
PM


h
B8>rrs
rs
& PM
2B
2B
B rrx8>
 
rs

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

8. Kdpy \bste-fbg fe nbabi Pdrn
(nesfrjpsjfbg fetjnbfterkbpbjbg bkt termbnbp pabg nbg pegyehbhgyb)
>. EKB (Equjpiegt Kbpbkjty Bgbaysjs)

>.2. Adbner
Adbner Xevjew
Njoeabsfbg jtei (Rty,\B,UB, btbu \^Z) ybg` adss nbg pegyehbh-pegyehbhgyb sekbrb uiui, ojfb
`bjg tetbp njoeabsfbg pbretd UB gyb hernbsbrfbg urutbggyb..neg`bg ibfsun ugtuf revjew uabg`
nbg nbpbt ieabfsbgbfbg jiprdveiegt.
^dp 5 \bretd UB?
2. Kustdier \rdhaei

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

\XDHAEI JNEG^JCJKB^JDG KDXXEK^JSE BK^JDG NUE NBÊ [^BÛ[

Idvjg` Equjpiegt ……………. ……………. ……………. ……………. D\EG
- Adss 2,<3;,;=< Hki /KAD[E/KDG^JGUE
(;5%) njbihja 6 *pjajm sbabm sbtu
nbrj EKB
- Bkt dvervjew hy
PM ? <.5; Mrs
(Bv`/nby)
(Bv`/nby)
(nesfrjpsjfbg \JKB neg`bg aeg`fbp nbg seoeabs-oeabsgyb..,fddrnjgbsjfbg neg`bg pjmbf-pjmbf

terfbjt,nub nbte nbg stbtus mbrus njjsj) ** MBXU[ NJ SEXJCJFB[J [EKMEBN
8. [trjfe

[trjfe ……………. ……………. ……………. ……………. D\EG
- Adss 3<3,3<0 Hki /KAD[E/KDG^JGUE
(85%) njbihja *pjajm sbabm sbtu
nbrj EKB
- Bkt dvervjew hy
PM ? <.;5 Mrs
(Bv`/nby)
(Bv`/nby)
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè


terfbjt,nub nbte nbg stbtus
stbtus mbrus njjsj) ** MBXU[ NJ SEXJCJFB[J [EKMEBN
;. Pbjt ^rukf \B

Pbjt ^rukf \B ……………. ……………. ……………. ……………. D\EG
- Adss 3<3,3<0 Hki /KAD[E/KDG^JGUE
nbrj EKB
- Bkt dvervjew hy PM
? <.;5 Mrs (Bv`/nby)
(Bv`/nby)

terfbjt,nub nbte nbg stbtus mbrus njjsj)** MBXU[ NJ SEXJCJFB[J [EKMEBN
>. GD ADKB^JDG
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè


Gd Adkbtjdg ……………. ……………. ……………. ……………. D\EG
- Adss 2=3,;<< Hki /KAD[E/KDG^JGUE
nbrj EKB
- Bkt dvervjew hy PM
? <.<= Mrs (Bv`/nby)
(Bv`/nby)
((nesfrjpsjfbg \JKB neg`bg aeg`fbp nbg seoeabs-oeabsgyb..,fddrnjgbsjfbg neg`bg pjmbf-pjmbf

5. Idvjg` Equjpiegt

Idvjg` Equjpiegt ……………. ……………. ……………. ……………. D\EG
- Adss >5,;25 Hki /KAD[E/KDG^JGUE
(2<%) njbihja *pjajm sbabm sbtu
nbrj EKB

- Bkt
PM dvervjew hy
? <.85 Mrs
(Bv`/nby)
(Bv`/nby)
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè


AD[[ \XDNUK^JSJ^Z
GD \XDHAEI JNEG^JCJKB^JDG KDXXEK^JSE BK^JDG NUE NBÊ [^BÛ[
2 Crdgt Kdgnjtjdg ……………….. ……………… …………. ……. …..
Adss 30=,8>= Hki
8 Ibterjba ferbs ……………….. ……………… …………. ……. …..
gdg habstjg`
Adss 8;>,530 Hki
; Xdbn Kdgnjtjdg ……………….. ……………… …………. ……. …..
Adss 88<,;;0 Hki
> ^rukf furbg` ……………….. ……………… …………. ……. …..
smjct kmbgè
Adss 8<>,:8< Hki
5 Ibterjba Auipur ……………….. ……………… …………. ……. …..
Adss 255,=2< Hki
terfbjt,nub nbte nbg stbtus mbrus njjsj), ** MBXU[ NJ SEXJCJFB[J [EKMEBN
>.8. Mbuaer
Mbuaer Xevjew
Njoeabsfbg jtei (Rty,\B,UB, btbu \^Z )ybg` adss nbg pegyehbh-pegyehbhgyb sekbrb uiui
^dp 5 \bretd Adss UB
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

\EXABFUBG [BIB [E\EX^J ADBNEX..,[JABMFBG NJAEG@FB\J IB[JG@TIB[JG@ AD[[ NBG

@XB\M GZB
GZB
5. Equjpiegt \ercdribgke

5.2 Adbner & Mbuaer Equjpiegt
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

5.8 [uppdrt Equjpiegt

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

Idmdg ugtuf njnjspaby seiub idnea ugjt suppdrt ybg` njijajfj sjte.
3. Cuea (AB^, HG0, BNX, FNK, NMB)

^dp ; Adss BCKB?
GD \XDHAEI JNEG^JCJKB^JDG KDXXEK^JSE BK^JDG NUE NBÊ [^BÛ[

2 \rdnufsj ……………….. ……………… …………. ……. …..
Gdg vdauie
(>>=,>00 at)
8 Rty Ugjt ……………….. ……………… …………. ……. …..
(;=>,55< at)
; Xembgnajg` Kdba ……………….. ……………… …………. ……. …..
(;;;,><; at)
0. Xbjg & [ajppery

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

Nesfrjpsjfbg ojfb bnb jssue kubkb njsjte!

njsjte!
=. Bttegnbgke Xbtjd
[jabmfbg ijgtb nbtb BX fe \@B ibsjg`-ibsjg` neg`bg cdribt ibsjg`-ibsjg` \@B sjte.
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

\EGZU[UGBG \XD@XE[[ KABJI \EIHBZBXBG
IDNUA :? \XD@XE[[ KABJI \EIHBZBXBG

\EIHBZBXBG

IDNUA :. \XD@XE[[ KABJI \EIHBZBXBG
2. Necjgjsj Jgvdjke

Jgvdjke bnbabm kabji/pegb`jmbg termbnbp mbsja prdnufsj ybg` njmbsjafbg nbg bftjcjtbs
pegnufug` dperbsjdgba sesubj neg`bg kdgtrbkt ybg` herabfu hesertb sewb/regtba ybg`
njherjfbg fepbnb pjmbf abjg.
\erjdne jgvdjke? hbse dg idgtmay, qubrteray, yebray btbu prdoekt td nbte
8. Jtei Fabji \egb`jmbg

\bnb ibsjg`-ibsjg` sjte, tegtugyb bnb perhenbbg jtei fabji ybg` nbpbt njtb`jmfbg ybg`
ter`bgtug` nbrj fdgtrbf ybg` bnb pbnb setjbp sjte. \bnb uiuigyb, jtei fabji ybg` nbpbt
njtb`jmfbg njbgtbrbgyb bnbabm ?
2. Dverhurneg \rdnuktjdg
8. Kdba Ijgjg` \rdnuktjdg (Kdba @ettjg`/Equjpiegt Mjre bgn Kdba Mbuajg`)
;. Kdba ^rbgspdrt \rdnuktjdg
>. \egnjg` Sdauie (btbu pegnjg` tdggbè)
5. Bnoustiegt Njstbgke (DH nbg Kdba)
3. BCKB
0. Expadsjve Hbkfkmbrè
=. ^jre Ibterjba
:. Xegtba Ugjt/Nbywdrfs
;. Hjaajg` ^rbkfjg` Nbsmhdbrn

Ierupbfbg sbabm sbtu tddas ugtuf ieidgjtdr nbg ieg`fdgtrda prdses baur pegb`jmbg b`br
nbpbt tepbt wbftu sesubj neg`bg tbrèt ybg` njtegtufbg b`br tjnbf terobnj feterabihbtbg
nbabi prdses peihbybrbg
peihbybrbg nbrj fajeg fe HUIB.
Bnbpug nbipbf ybg` terobnj ojfb jgvdjke ieg`babij feterabihbtbg

feterabihbtbg sbabm sbtugyb bnbabm
ter`bg`ùgyb kbsmcadw perusbmbbg semjg``b ?
2. êr`bg`ùgyb peihbybrbg

peihbybrbg utbg` fe aegner
8. êr`bg`ùgyb peihby
peihbybrbg
brbg fe vegndr (^rbfjgnd, Ugjten ^rbktdrs, Mexjgnd naa.)
;. êr`bg`ùgyb rebajsbsj D\E] (Dperbtjdgba Expegnjture) ibupug KB\E] (Kbpjtba
Expegnjture)
>. Feiug`fjgbg tertugnbgyb peihbybrbg `boj fbrybwbg
5. \jutbg` HUIB seibfjg hesbr semjg``b herjsjfd hesbr termbnbpb feubg`bg
perusbmbbg
>. Necjgjsj [kdpe dc Pdrf Kdgtrbkt

[kdpe dc Pdrf Kdgtrbkt bnbabm ibtrjfs peijsbmbg tbg`ùg` obwbh bgtbrb fdgtrbftdr nbg
dwger/fajeg btbu subtu bftjcjtbs tertegtu.
Kdgtdm Ibtrjfs [kdpe dc Pdrf Kdgtrbkt?
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

\EGZU[UGBG D\EXB^JDGBA HUN@E^

IDNUA 2<? ZEBXAZ D\EXB^JDGBA HUN@E^
HUN@E^

IDNUA 2<. ZEBXAZ D\EXB^JDGBA HUN@E^
2. Necjgjsj Hunèt nbg ^brèt

Hunèt (iegurut [D\ HUK) bnbabm subtu regkbgb ybg` njsusug sekbrb sjsteibtjs, ybg`
ieajputj seaurum fe`jbtbg \erusbmbbg nbg herabfu ugtuf perjdne tertegtu nj ibsb ybg` bfbg
nbtbg`. [enbg`fbg tbrèt bnbabm sbsbrbg (hbtbs fetegtubg nsh.) ybg` teabm njtetbpfbg ugtuf
njkbpbj.
8. Abtbr Heabfbg` \rdses Hunètjg`

Ierupbfbg pdgnbsj utbib pbnb jgnustrj tbihbg` ugtuf ieregkbgbfbg nbg iegobnj
peg`muhug` bgtbrb pbrbieter dperbsjdgba neg`bg cjgbgsjba (babt peg`fddrnjgbsjbg)
semjg``b nbpbt iegobnj bkubg, tbrèt nbg pendibg ybg` terhbjf ugtuf seaurum bftjcjtbs
dperbsjdgba ibupug cjgbgsjba. \rdses hunètjg` ou`b nbpbt ieg`mbsjafbg bkubg ecjsjegsj
ybg` njpbfbj ugtuf iegkbpbj tbrèt ybg` njjg`jgfbg fbregb seiub pbrbieter termjtug`
sekbrb netbja.
^j`b mba ybg` njufur njnbabi prdses hunètjg` ybjtu ?
2. Bkkurbky , Bfurbsj mbsja prdses hunètjg` termbnbp bftuba fdgnjsj ybg`
y bg` bnb
8. ^jieajgess, Ufurbg wbftu ybg` njùgbfbg ugtuf ieg-nrjve prdses hunètjg` sbipbj
neg`bg seaesbj
;. ^rust , Feperkbybbg hbjf termbnbp pbrbieter ybg` terterb njnbabi hunèt ibupug
dverbaa hunèt daem user-egn
Eipbt mba ybg` mbrus njevbaubsj seteabm prdses hunètjg` njseaesbjfbg ybjtu ?
2. ^wd-wby jgte`rbtjdg, evbaubsj seiub pbrbieter (dperbsjdgba/hunètjg`) sekbrb

fdipremegsjc hbjf sekbrb sjiuabsj btbu neg`bg kbrb abjggyb ugtuf ieg`bfdidnbsj
ndwg-tdp bpprdbkm btbu tdp-ndwg bpprdbkm.
8. Nbtb vbajnbtjdg, vbajnbsj seiub nbtb hbjf pbrbieter nrjver (bsuisj ybg`
njperùgbfbg, zerd-hbse, nbtb mjstdrjkba ibupug pbrbieter ybg` njsettjg`)
;. Errdr kmekfjg`, \egèkefbg fesbabmbg tjnbf mbgyb pbnb pegèkefbg tefgjs (sepertj
cdriuab, cdribt nsh.) bfbg tetbpj pegèkefbg mbsja pabg hunèt termbnbp rebajstjs
>. Cuaa bunjt repdrtjg`, mbsja nbrj repdrt hunèt sesubj neg`bg bturbg stbgnbr
perusbmbbg semjg``b njiug`fjgfbg nbpbt trbgspbrbg nbg bunjtbhae.
;. Baur \rdses Hunètjg`

Baur prdses hunètjg` njtetbpfbg b`br peihubtbg njabfufbg sekbrb sjsteibtjs ugtuf
ieg`mjgnbrj fesbabmbg nbg ijss-fdiugjfbsj bgtbr nepbrteieg neg`bg wbftu ybg` teabm
njtetbpfbg.
Kdgtdm? ^jieajge 8<23 Hunètjg` \rdkess
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

>. Jgte`rbten Hunètjg` [ystei (JH[)

Bnbabm subtu sjstei terjgte`rbsj ybg` ieg`ùgbfbg pegnefbtbg ugtuf ieiprenjfsj
prdnufsj, ieabfufbg permjtug`bg dperbtdr , kdgsuibhae `ddns kdst hesertb vbrjbhea
peg`èrbf hbjf hjbyb dperbsjdgba (tyre kdst, XI kdst nsh.) ibupug hjbyb gdg-dperbsjdgba
(dvermebn kdst nsh.) semjg``b terobnj sjstei kmekf bgn hbabgke bgtbr cugktjdg ybg`
hertuoubg ugtuf nbpbt ieiperfjrbfbg ufurbg-ufurbg cjgbgsjba perusbmbbg (sepertj EHJ^NB,
Kbsm Cadw, XDB, XDE nsh.) sesubj neg`bg tbrèt/tuoubg ybg` bfbg njkbpbj.
5. Bftjcjtbs Dperbsjdgba \egbihbg`bg

^bmbpbg usbmb pertbihbg`bg
pertbihbg`bg ternjrj nbrj usbmb pegyeajnjfbg uiui, efspadrbsj, efspadjtbsj,
peg`dabmbg nbg pegoubabg.
b. \egyeajnjfbg uiui ierupbfbg usbmb ugtuf iegyeajnjfj sekbrb èdad`j uiui btbu
cjsjfb, njnbrbtbg perbjrbg nbg nbrj unbrb, se`bab sesubtu neg`bg ibfsun ugtuf
ieihubt petb èdad`j uiui btbu ugtuf iegetbpfbg tbgnb-tbgnb bnbgyb hbmbg
`bajbg pbnb uiuigyb.
h. Usbmb efspadrbsj bnbabm se`bab pegyeajnjfbg èdad`j pertbihbg`bg ugtuf iegetbpfbg
aehjm teajtj /sefsbib bnbgyb
bnbgyb sjcbt aetbfbg hbmbg `bajbg
k. Usbmb efspadjtbsj bnbabm usbmb pertbihbg`bg neg`bg ibfsun ugtuf ieg`mbsjafbg
hbmbg `bajbg nbg ieibgcbbtfbggyb
n. Usbmb peg`dabmbg nbg peiurgjbg bnbabm pegèrobbg ugtuf ieipertjg``j iutu
hbmbg `bajbg sertb ieibgcbbtfbg nbg ieiperdaem ugsur-ugsur ybg` ternbpbt pbnb
hbmbg `bajbg
e. Usbmb peg`bg`futbg bnbabm bnbabm se`bab usbmb peijgnbmbg hbmbg `bajbg nbg mbsja
peg`dabmbg sertb peiurgjbg hbmbg `bajbg nbrj nberbm efspadrbsj btbu teipbt
peg`dabmbg/peiurgjbg
c. Usbmb pegoubabg bnbabm se`bab sesubtu usbmb pegoubabg hbmbg `bajbg nbg mbsja
peg`dabmbg/peiurgjbg
peg`dabmbg/peiurgjbg hbmbg `bajbg
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

\bnb uiuigyb, sehubm fdgtrbftdr obsb pertbihbg`bg hbtuhbrb mbgyb hertuipu pbnb
bftjcjtbs usbmb pbnb tbmbpbg efspadjtbsj.
Bftjcjtbs-bftjcjtbs ybg` hjbsbgyb njherjfbg fepbnb fdgtrbftdr obsb pertbihbg`bg ybjtu?

- Abgn-Kaebrjg`
- ^dp [dja Xeidvba, [tdkfpjaajg` dr Xembgnajg`
- DH Xeidvba jgkaune Nrjaa&Habst, Ndzjg`&[prebnjg`, @egerba, Xdbn Ibjgtegbgke &
Newbterjg`.
- Kdba @ettjg` jgkaune [tdkfpjaajg`, @egerba & Xdbn Ibjgtegbgke
- Kdba ^rbgspdrtjg` jgkaune [tdkfpjaajg`, Ndzjg`, Xdbn Ibjgtegbgke & [mjppjg` (jc bgy)
3. _erd-Hbsen Hunètjg` (Bg``brbg ^bf Hersjsb)

Bnbabm sjstei bg``brbg ybg` njnbsbrfbg pbnb perfjrbbg fe`jbtbg, hufbg pbnb ybg` teabm
njabfufbg njibsb abau. [etjbp fe`jbtbg bfbg njevbaubsj sekbrb terpjsbm. Jgj herbrtj herhb`bj
prd`rbi njfeihbg`fbg nbabi vjsj
nbabi vjsj pbnb tbmug ybg` hersbg`futbg.
\egyusugbg bg``brbg neg`bg ieg`ùgbfbg fdgsep bg``brbg tbf hersjsb nj sjgj nbpbt
ieg`mjabg`fbg jgfreiegtbajsie nbg ajge-jtei, fbregb bg``brbg njbsuisjfbg njiuabj nbrj
gda. \bnb sjstei _HH tjnbf herpbtdfbg pbnb bg``brbg tbmug abau ugtuf iegyusug bg``brbg
tbmug jgj, gbiug pegegtubg bg``brbg njnbsbrfbg pbnb fehutumbg sbbt jgj ou`b. Neg`bg
_HH, sedabm-dabm prdses bg``brbg njiuabj nbrj mba ybg` hbru sbib sefbaj (njiuabj nbrj gda
ab`j). Jtei bg``brbg ybg` sunbm tjnbf reaevbg nbg tjnbf iegnufug` pegkbpbjbg tuoubg
nbpbt njmjabg`fbg nbrj struftur bg``brbg, btbu iug`fjg iugkua jtei ybg` hbru.
\rdses jipaeiegtbsj _erd Hbsen Hunètjg` ternjrj nbrj tj`b tbmbpbg, ybjtu?
2. Jnegtjcjfbsj ugjt-ugjt feputusbg,
[truftur dr`bgjsbsj
[truftur dr`bgjsbsj pbnb nbsbrgyb ternjrj nbrj pusbt-pusbt pertbg`ùgòbwbhbg. [etjbp
pusbt pertbg`ùgòbwbhbg ierupbfbg ugjt peihubt feputusbg ybg` sbabm sbtu
cug`sjgyb bnbabm ugtuf iegyjbpfbg bg``brbg. _erd Hbsen Hunètjg` ierupbfbg sjstei
bg``brbg ybg` herhbsjs pusbt pertbg`ùgòbwbhbg sehb`bj nbsbr peregkbgbbg nbg
pegègnbajbg bg``brbg.
bg``brbg. [ubtu ugjt feputusbg ierupbfbg fuipuabg nbrj ugjt feputusbg
aevea ybg` aehjm fekja.
8. \egegtubg pbfet-pbfet feputusbg
\rdses pegegtubg pbfet feputusbg nbpbt iegobijg tersenjbgyb jgcdribsj ybg` aehjm
heribgcbbt hb`j fepegtjg`bg ibgboeieg.
fepegtjg`bg ibgboeieg. \bfet feputusbg ierupbfbg `bihbrbg
fdipremegsjc iegègbj hb`jbg nbrj frebtjvjtbs dr`bgjsbsj btbu cug`sj ybg` nbpbt
nj
nj evbaubsj
evbaubsj sekbrb jgnjvjnu. \bfet feputusbg njhubt daem ibgboer pusbt
pertbg`ùgòbwbhbg
pertbg`ùgòb wbhbg nbg mbrus iegugouffbg sekbrb netbja estjibsj hjbyb nbg
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

pegnbpbtbg ybg` njgybtbfbg nbabi hegtuf pegkbpbjbg tu`bs nbg perdaembg ibgcbbt.
[ekbrb tedrjtjs, pbfet-pbfet feputusbg njibfsunfbg ugtuf ieg`jnegtjcjfbsj herhb`bj
batergbtjc fe`jbtbg ugtuf ieabfsbgbfbg cug`sj ugjt feputusbg nbg ugtuf iegegtufbg
perhenbbg aevea usbmb pbnb tjbp-tjbp
tj bp-tjbp batergbtjc.
êrnbpbt nub oegjs pbfet feputusbg, ybjtu?
b) \bfet Feputusbg Iutubaay-Exkausjve, bnbabm pbfet feputusbg ybg` ieijajfj cug`sj
ybg` sbib. Bpbhjab njpjajm sbabm sbtu pbfet fe`jbtbg btbu prd`rbi, ibfb
fdgsefuegsjgyb bnbabm iegdabf seiub batergbtjc ybg` abjg
h) \bfet Feputusbg Jgkreiegtba, \bfet jgj ierecaefsjfbg tjg`fbt usbmb ybg` herhenb
(njfbjtfbg neg`bg hjbyb) nbabi ieabfsbgbfbg
ieabfsbgbfbg bftjvjtbs tertegtu.
t ertegtu.
;. Iegèvbaubsj pbfet feputusbg nbg ieihubt perjg`fbt pbfet feputusbg
Hjab pbfet feputusbg teabm njsjbpfbg, tbmbpbg herjfutgyb bnbabm ieihubt perjg`fbt
seiub pbfet hernbsbrfbg ibgcbbt ybg` njperdaem hb`j dr`bgjsbsj. ^bmbpbg jgj
ierupbfbg oeihbtbg ugtuf ieguou prdses badfbsj suiher nbyb nj bgtbrb herhb`bj
fe`jbtbg ybg` heherbpb nj bgtbrbgyb sunbm bnb nbg abjggyb hbru sbib sefbaj.
Feug`ùabg zerd hbsen hunètjg`?

- \rdses peihubtbg pbfet feputusbg nbpbt iegobijg tersenjbgyb
tersenjbgyb jgcdribsj
jgcdribsj ybg` aehjm
heribgcbbt hb`j ibgboeieg.
- Nbgb nbpbt njbadfbsj neg`bg aehjm ecjsjeg,
aehjm ecjsjeg, fbregb ternbpbt heherbpb batergbtjc
feputusbg nbg batergbtjc peabfsbgbbg feputusbg tersehut.
- [etjbp prd`rbi nbg fe`jbtbg seabau njtjgobu uabg`.
[etjbp prd`rbi
- \eg`bihja feputusbg nbpbt ieiperdaem jgcdribsj iegègbj fe`jbtbg ybg` bnb nbabi
fdgnjsj frjtjs nbg iegnesbf.
Feaeibmbg zerd hbsen hunètjg`?

- [uajt ugtuf njterbpfbg. Fbregb ieibfbg wbftu ybg` abib, terabau tedrjtjs
terabau tedrjtjs nbg
tjnbf prbftjs,
tjnbf prbftjs, ieibfbg hjbyb ybg` hesbr sertb ieg`mbsjafbg fertbs ferob ybg`
ieguipuf fbregb peihubtbg pbfet feputusbg.
- Jipaeiegtbsj _HH iegjihuafbg ibsbabm feperjabfubg nbabi dr`bgjsbsj.
- Ieiug`fjgfbg iugkuagyb fesbg ybg` feajru, hbmwb seiub pbfet feputusbg mbrus
ibsuf fenbabi bg``brbg.
- _HH kegnerug` iegefbgfbg ibgcbbt ybg` hersjcbt obg`fb pegnef.
- Ieieraufbg febmajbg fmusus nj nbabi pegegtubg prjdrjtbs.
pegegtubg prjdrjtbs.
- Ieieraufbg nbtb ybg` aehjm aeg`fbp nbg nufug`bg bgbajsjs ybg` kufup fubt.
Ugtuf ieihubt zerd hbsen hunètjg` tersehut hbgybf mba ybg` perau ugtuf njfetbmuj nbg
njbgbajsjs sepertj?
B. Ugjt [pesjcjkbtjdg
[pesjcjfbsj ugjt nbpbt njajmbt pbnb ibguba mbgnhddf ibgucbkturer babt (Fdibtsu,
Kbterpjaabr, Sdavd nsh.) btbu pbnb hufu pendibg ybg` njhubtfbg daem tji \edpae
Neveadpiegt HUIB. [pesjcjfbsj ugjt jgj njhutumfbg pbnb permjtug`bg njhunèt ugtuf
iegegtufbg fbpbsjtbs babt, kykae tjie adbner, cuea kdgsuiptjdg babt nsh. ybg`
njkbgtuifbg pbnb smeet bvbjabhjajty
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

H. Ibterjba [pesjcjkbtjdg

Heherbpb sjcbt cjsjf ibterjba ybg` pegtjg` nbabi peferobbg tbgbm ybjtu?
2. \egèihbg`bg ibterjba, bnbabm peruhbmbg herupb pegbihbmbg btbu pegùrbg`bg
vdauie ibterjba (tbgbm) ybg` nj`bg`ù nbrj hegtuf bsajgyb. Hegtuf ibterjba njhb`j
nbabi ; (tj`b) febnbbg sepertj?
b. Febnbbg bsaj (hbgf), febnbbg ibterjba ybg` ibsjm babij nbg heaui ieg`babij
`bg`ùbg tefgdad`j. Ufurbg tbgbm hjbsbgyb njgybtbfbg nbabi ufurbg hbgf
kuhjk ieter (hki) sehb`bj nbsbr permjtug`bg ouiabm peijgnbmbg tbgbm.
h. Febnbbg èihur, febnbbg ibterjba (tbgbm) seteabm njbnbfbg pegèrobbg
(njsturh). Hjbsbgyb njgybtbfbg nbabi addse kuhjk ieter (aki) ybg` gjabjgyb hki
+ (%sweaa x hki) njibgb sweaa cbktdr ter`bgtug` nbrj oegjs tbgbm.
k. Febnbbg pbnbt, febnbbg tbgbm seteabm njtjihug feihbaj neg`bg njsertbj usbmb
peibnbtbg. Hjbsbgyb njgybtbfbg nbabi sbtubg kdipbkt kuhjk ieter (kki)
8. Herbt ibterjba
Herbt bnbabm sjcbt ybg` njijajfj daem setjbp ibterjba. Feibipubg subtu babt herbt
ugtuf ieabfufbg pferobbg sepertj iegndrdg`,
iegndrdg`, ieg`bg`fbt, ieg`bg`fut nsh., bfbg
njpeg`brumj daem herbt ibterjba tersehut.
;. Hegtuf ibterjba
Cbftdr hegtuf ibterjba bfbg herpeg`brum termbnbp hbgybf senjfjtgyb ibterjba
tersehut nbpbt iegeipbtj subtu rubg`bg tertegtu. Herbpb ibterjba ybg` ibipu
njtbipug` daem subtu rubg`bg nbpbt njmjtug` neg`bg kbrb ieg`drefsj rubg`bg
tersehut neg`bg subtu cbftdr ybg` njsehut neg`bg hukfet cbktdr btbu pbyadbn
cbktdr.
>. Fdmesjvjtbs (nbyb jfbt) ibterjba
Bnbabm nbyb aefbt btbu feibipubg sbajg` ieg`jfbt njbgtbrb hutjr-hutjr ibterjba jtu
segnjrj. [jcbt jgj herpeg`brum termbnbp babt, ijsbagyb peg`brum termbnbp spjaabè
cbktdr (cbftdr peg`jsjbg). Ibterjba neg`bg fdmesjvjtbs tjg``j bfbg iunbm
ieg`ùgug` kdgtdm tbgbm ajbt nbg sehbajfgyb ibterjba neg`bg fdmesjvjtbs ybg`
furbg` hbjf sepertj pbsjr bfbg sufbr ieg`ùgug`.
5. Feferbsbg ibterjba
Feferbsbg ibterjba bfbg hernbipbf pbnb settjg` prdnuftjcjtbs babt nj`èr. Ibterjba
ybg` ferbs bfbg
bfbg aehjm sufbr njfdybf,
njfdybf, nj`baj b
btbu
tbu njfupbs daem babt
babt herbt. Kbrb
pegùfurbg ibterjba hjsb njabfufbg neg`bg kbrb smebrieter, rjpper ieter, sejsijk
nbg sdja jgvestj`btjdg nrjaa.
3. Nbyb nufug` tbgbm
Nbyb nufug` tbgbm njnecjgjsjfbg sehb`bj feibipubg tbgbm ugtuf iegnufug` babt
ybg` herbnb njbtbsgyb. Ojfb subtu babt herbnb njbtbs tbgbm, ibfb babt tersehut
ieiherjfbg ‑`rdugn pressure’ senbg`fbg abwbg ybg` njherjfbg daem tbgbm bnbabm
‑nbyb nufug`’. Babt bfbg herbnb nbabi febnbbg bibg njdperbsjfbg ojfb `rdugn
pressure aehjm fekja nbrj nbyb nufug` tbgbm njibgb babt tersehut herbnb. Babt ugtuf
iegùfur nbyb nufug` tbgbm njsehut ‑kdge pegetrdieter’.
Ibssb oegjs bnbabm pegùfurbg ibssb
pegùfurbg ibssb setjbp sbtubg vdauie
sbtubg vdauie hegnb. [eibfjg tjg``j
ibssb oegjs subtu hegnb, ibfb seibfjg hesbr puab ibssb setjbp vdauiegyb. Ibssb oegjs
rbtb-rbtb setjbp hegnb ierupbfbg tdtba ibssb njhb`j neg`bg tdtba vdauiegyb.

oegjs bnbabm fjad`rbi

  
neg`bg ς bnbabm ibssb oegjs, i bnbabm ibssb, S bnbabm vdauie nbg sbtubg [J ibssb
ieter fuhjf (f`/i;).
fjad`rbi per ieter
\bnb peihubtbg hunèt, mba ybg` mbrus njjgput fenbabi cjae hunèt ybjtu bsuisj
ibterjba negsjtbs ybg` terterb pbnb smeet jgput?
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

K. Ijge Nesj`g

Nesbjg ijgepabg ierupbfbg ugsur pegtjg` njnbabi peihubtbg hunèt fbregb neg`bg
ie-ruggjg`- nesbjg, fjtb nbpbt iegegtufbg ufurbg-ufurbg ybg` pegtjg` sepertj mbuajg`
njstbgke, strjppjg` rbtjd, estjibsj adbner prdnuktjvjty nsh.
Ugtuf iegegtufbg prdnuktjvjty adbner nbpbt njùgbfbg bsuisj ybg` bnb seteabm
ruggjg` nesbjg ijgepabg seaesbj njhubt neg`bg ieipertjihbg`fbg vbrjbhea
hegkmibrf, mjstdrjkba nbtb, btbu btbs subtu pertjihbg`bg/feputusbg.
Njnbabi pegegtubg prdnuktjvjty mbuaer, nesbjg ijge pabg nbg spesjcjfbsj ugjt ou`b turut
herpeg`brum fenbabi pegegtubg stbgnbr-stbgnbr peihegtuf prdnuktjvjty mbuaer
sepertj speen, kdrrektjdg cbktdr nsh.
\ermjtug`bg prdnuktjvjty mbuaer sekbrb uiui pbnb ieg`ùgbfbg cdriuab herjfut ?
\rdnuktjvjty 9 V\byadbn Kbpbkjty x Kdrrektjdg Cbktdr x 3</ Kykae ^jie (ijgutes)Y/sweea cbktdr
\rdnuktjvjty 9
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre \bè |
| \bè 00

Njibgb ?
\byadbn kbpbkjty
kbpbkjty 9 V Ojfb nuiptrukf Kbpbkjty/Addse Negsjty 7 Sessea Kbpbkjty ibfb \byadbn Kbpbkjty 9
Sessea Kbpbkjty nbg Ojfb nuiptrukf Kbpbkjty/Addse Negsjty 19 Sessea Kbpbkjty ibfb \byadbn Kbpbkjty 9
nuiptrukf Kbpbkjty/Addse Negsjty .
Kdrrektjdg Cbktdr hernbsbrfbg
Cbktdr hernbsbrfbg pertjihbg`bg dperbtdr sfjaa, oegjs ibterjba nsh nbg/btbu
pertjihbg`bg/feputusbg
pertjihbg`bg/ feputusbg tertegtu.
Kykae ^jie bnbabm
^jie bnbabm ouiabm Adbnjg` ^jie + ^rbvea ^jie + Nuipjg` ^jie + \dsjtjdgen
\dsjtjdgen ^jie
Adbnjg` tjie
tjie 9 rdugnup(Kykae ^jie Adbner x Vpbyadbn mbuaer kbpbkjty/(Hukfet Adbner kbpbkjty x Hukfet
Cbktdr)Y)
^rbvea ^jie 9
^jie 9 8 x Mbuajg` Njstbgke / ^rukf [peen
Nuipjg` ^jie nbg \dsjtjdgen ^jie njperdaem
^jie njperdaem nbrj bftuba peg`bibtbg, mjstdrjkba nbtb,
\byadbn Ieter (\AI) nbtb nsh.
N. Dperbtdr [fjaa
\egegtubg persegtbse sfjaa dperbtdr, sbipbj sbbt jgj nj HUIB heaui bnb fbojbg ybg`
iegybtbfbg bnbgyb sfjaa dperbtdr. \rdses pegyusugbg pbrbieter sfjaa dperbtdr ybg`
sbg`bt hbgybf ibsjm iegyuajtfbg ugtuf nbpbt iegnbpbtfbg persegtbse sfjaa dperbtdr.
E. ^jie Kbte`dry Mjerbrkmy
Mjerbrfj tjie kbte`drjes bfbg iegegtufbg pegobnwbabg pabg stbgnhy pbnb peihubtbg
pabg rdster hunèt. Kdgtdm? bpbhjab bfbg njpabgfbg wbftu habstjg` pbrbaaea neg`bg
wbftu jstjrbmbt ibfb ybg` njpabgfbg sehb`bj rdster bnbabm wbftu ieba rest.
C. Cjgbgkjba \brbieter
Njnbabi pegegtubg pbrbieter prdnufsj, tegtugyb ternbpbt stbgnbr pbrbieter
(hegkmibrf) ybg` ierupbfbg fesepbfbtbg bgtbrb HUIB neg`bg pjmbf frenjtur (Hbgf).
\egegtubg gjabj pbrbieter jgj ierupbfbg hbseajge btbu sbabm sbtu kbrb b`br HUIB
nbpbt ieg`jfutj skmenuae peihbybrbg utbg` ybg` njsybrbtfbg.
0. [tbgnbr Abheajg` Hunèt Dptjdg

[tbgnbr abheajg` dptjdg njperaufbg b`br tjnbf terobnj fesbabmbg persepsj nbabi peg`ùgbbg
cjae hunèt.
b. \egbibbg cjae hunèt sehb`bj herjfut ?
Cjae? sjtekdneThun/rec(tmg).xas
sjtekdneThun/rec(tmg).xas
h. Cdribt versjdg? BBHHKKT\\IIZZTBpp4
Njibgb?
- BB? \egbibbg cjae seiester hunèt. Ojfb njhubt ugtuf hunèt seiester2 ibfb
njtuajsfbg M2 senbg`fbg ojfb njhubt ugtuf hunèt seiester8 ibfb njtuajsfbg M8
- HH? ierupbfbg dpsj hunèt ybg` njtuajsfbg neg`bg gbib D] njibgb ] bnbabm dpsj
ybg` rugtut hernbsbrfbg hjabg`bg huabt. Dpsj jgj bnb hernbsbrfbg peruhbmbg nbsbr
pbrbieter prdnufsj, tbrèt prdnufsj btbu nesj`g ijgepabg ybg` herhenb.
- KK bnbabm revjsj terfbjt neg`bg dpsj hunèt ybg` bnb ybg` njtuajsfbg neg`bg gbib
X] njibgb ] bnbabm revjsj ybg` rugtut hernbsbrfbg hjabg`bg huabt. Kdgtdm revjsj jgj
hernbsbrfbg peruhbmbg equjpiegt
equjpiegt pabg, badfbsj pbnb setjbp pjt nsh.
- \\ bnbabm peihubt cjae hunèt tersehut. \egbibbg jgj b`br bnbgyb tbg`ùg` obwbh
termbnbp peg`ùgbbg hunèt tersehut. Kdgtdm? bpbhjab njhubt daem Jambi Xmbinbgj
ibfb njtuajsfbg JX
- NNIIZZ bnbabm tbg``ba peihubtbg hunèt tersehut seaesbj sesubj neg`bg tbg``ba,
huabg nbg tbmug peihubtbg.
- Bpp4 Bpbfbm hunèt tersehut sunbm nj-bpprdven/njsetuouj4 Bpbhjab sunbm njsetuouj
daem HDK/HDN ibfb njtuajsfbg BppHDKHDN.
Ugtuf cjae versjdg reibrfgyb bnbabm sehb`bj herjfut?
Kdgtdm? M2D8X8TJX<2<825TBppHDK
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

=. Kustdier ^brèt

Njpbfbj sehb`bj sehb`bj bkubg ugtuf iegnbpbtfbg tbrèt prdnufsj hunèt. Kustdier tbrèt
jgj, njperdaem nbrj tbrèt kustdier nbg btbu nbrj ijge nesj`g. Nbtb jgj ternjrj nbrj ibterjba
Dverhurneg Xeidvba, Kdba Ijgjg` nbg Kdba ^rbgpdrtjg`.
[eabjg jtu, nbtb kustdier tbrèt bpbhjab jgcdribsj ybg` ternbpbt njnbabigyb ou`b ieiubt
vbrjbhea ybg` pegtjg` sepertj njstbgke, rdster nsh semjg``b peihubtbg hunèt fenepbggyb
iegobnj iunbm.
:. \brbieter Dperbtjdgba Hunèt

:.2 \mysjkbaa dc Bvbjabhjajty (%\B)
(%\B) ierupbfbg persegtbse fesjbpbg ugjt btbs wbftu ybg`
tersenjb pbnb setjbp huabggyb. Nbtb pabg %\B ugjt jgj njmjtug` hernbsbrfbg permjtug`bg
perjdnjkba ibjgtegbgke, mjstdrjkba hrebfndwg babt nbg pertjihbg`bg abjggyb (hbjf sekbrb
tefgjfba ibupug gdg-tefgjfba).
%\B \abg ugtuf hunèt njfeaubrfbg daem \abgt MD seteabm herfdiugjfbsj neg`bg \abgt [jte.
:.8 Bvbjabhae Mdurs bnbabm ouiabm obi fesjbpbg ugjt pbnb setjbp huabggyb ugtuf nbpbt
njdperbsjfbg sekbrb hbjf. Cdriuab ? %\B * IDMM
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

:.; Use dc Bvbjabhjajty

Bvbjabhjajty bnbabm persegtbse eceftjcjtbs peg`ùgbbg subtu babt ybg` tersenjb sekbrb
cjsjf btbu seherbpb abib ugjt tersehut eceftjc njùgbfbg pbnb fdgnjsj ybg` sjbp pbfbj.
Cdriuab ? (Bvbjabhae Mdurs-^dtba [tbgnhy)/Bvbjabhae Mdurs

Ugtuf tdtba stbgnhy njperdaem nbrj cdriuabsj pbnb smeet rdster njibgb?
Xdster jgj ternjrj nbrj pbrbieter-pbrbieter

pbrbieter-pbrbieter Neaby nbg Jnae ybg` njhunètfbg ?
- Guiher dc nbys ierupbfbg ouiabm mbrj fbaegner pbnb huabg herobabg.
- Mdajnby bgn [mutndwg nby ierupbfbg ouiabm mbrj ajhur gbsjdgba ybg` iegyehbhfbg
prdnufsj hermegtj nbg [mutndwg ybg` njfbregbfbg skmenuae nbrj kustdier.
- Crjnbys ierupbfbg ouiabm mbrj Oui‚bt nbabi huabg herobabg
- [bcety ^baf [kmenuae ierupbfbg ouiabm mbrj nbabi sbtu huabg herobabg ugtuf sbcety tbaf
- Dversmjct [kmenuae ierupbfbg ouiabm mbrj njibgb ternbpbt dversmjct nbabi sbtu huabg
- Guiher dc Cbstjg` nby ierupbfbg ouiabm mbrj \ubsb Xbibnmbg
- Crjnbys Cbstjg` bnbabm ouiabm mbrj Oui‚bt nbabi sbtu huabg pubsb Xbibnmbg.
- Guiher dc smjct ierupbfbg
ierupbfbg hbgybfgyb smjct ybg` njperùgbfbg nbabi sbtu mbrj
- ^dtba mdurs per smjct ierupbfbg ouiabm obi nbabi sbtu smjct
(Cdriuab? 8>obi/Guiher dc smjct)
- IDMM (Ibkmjge dg Mbgn Mdur) ierupbfbg ouiabm obi ybg` nbpbt njpbfbj ugtuf
heferob nbabi sbtu huabg (Cdriuab? Guiher dc nbys x guiher dc smjct x ^dtba Mdurs per smjct
sm jct)
- \erkegtbè rbjg ierupbfbg persegtbse muobg nbabi sbtu huabg. Nbtb jgj nbpbt njperdaem
n jperdaem
nbrj kustdier, mjstdrjkba nbtb muobg, prenjfsj HIF@.
- Xbjg Mdurs ierupbfbg pabg obi muobg nbabi huabg herobabg (Cdriuab? \erkegtbè rbjg x
(Guiher dc nbys ‛ Mdajnby bgn [mutndwg) x Guiher dc [mjct x ^dtba mdurs per smjct )
- \ersegtbè sajppery ierupbfbg presegtbse sajppery nbrj obi muobg. Nbtb jgj nbpbt
njperdaem nbrj mjstdrjkba nbtb, febnbbg rdbn surcbkjg` btbu pertjihbg`bg tertegtu)
- [ajppery mdurs ierupbfbg pabg obi sajppery (Cdriuab? perkegtbè [ajppery x Xbjg Mdurs)
- Xbjg & [ajppery bnbabm tdtba obi muobg nbg sajppery (Cdriuab? Xbjg Mdurs + [ajppery Mdurs)
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | =<
\bè

- Mdajnby bgn [mutndwg ierupbfbg ouiabm obi stdp dperbsj fbregb ajhur gbsjdgba btbu
smutndwg (Cdriuab? Mdajnby bgn [mutndwg nby x guiher dc smjct x ^dtba mdurs per smjct )
- Cdriuab Ieba Xest?
Vpbrbieter Ieba Xest per smjct/3< x (Guiher dc nbys ‛ Mdajnby bgn smutndwg ‛ Crjnbys) x Guiher dc smjctY +
Vpbrbieter Ieba Xest per smjct/3< x Crjnbys x (Guiher dc smjct ‛ fdgstbgtb Ieba Xest)Y
Fdgstbgtb Ieba Xest njjsj sehb`bj fdgstbgtb pegùrbg` hbgybfgyb ieba rest pbnb mbrj Oui‚bt
- Cdriuab Pbjt Habstjg` ?
\brbieter Pbjt Habstjg`/3< x (guiher dc nbys ‛ mdajnby bgn smutndwg)
- Cdriuab [mjct Kmbgè?
Vpbrbieter [mjct Kmbgè per smjct/3< x (Guiher dc nbys ‛ Mdajnby bgn smutndwg ‛ Crjnbys) x Guiher dc
smjctY + Vpbrbieter [mjct Kmbgè per smjct/3< x Crjnbys x (Guiher dc smjct ‛ fdgstbgtb [mjct Kmbgè)Y
Fdgstbgtb [mjct Kmbgè njjsj sehb`bj fdgstbgtb pegùrbg` hbgybfgyb smjct kmbgè pbnb mbrj Oui‚bt
- Cdriuab Crjnby \rby ? \brbieter Crjnby prby/3< x Crjnbys
- Cdriuab [bcety ^baf ? \brbieter [bcety ^baf/3< x [bcety tbaf skmenuaen
- Cdriuab Xecueajg`? \brbieter recueajg`/3< x (guiher dc nbys ‛ mdajnby bgn smutndwg)
- Cdriuab Dversmjct? \brbieter dversmjct/3< x dversmjct skmenuaen
- Idvjg` equjpiegt bgn dtmers ?
\brbieter idvjg` equjpiegt bgn dtmers /3< x (guiher dc nbys ‛ mdajnby bgn smutndwg)
- Cdriuab Ieba Xest nbg [mjct Kmbgè pbnb sbbt Cbstjg` (huabg pubsb Xbibnmbg) sbib
sepertj cdriuab ieba rest nbg smjct kmbgè pbnb huabg hjbsb.
- ^dtba Adss tjie ierupbfbg tdtba seaurum neaby nbg jnae.
:.> Eccektjve Pdrfjg` Mdurs

Mdurs bnbabm ouiabm eceftjc ugjt heferob nbabi pbnb setjbp huabggyb.
Cdriuab ? \B x UB x IDMM
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | =2
\bè

:.5 HUIB, Xegtba & [uhkdgt Equjpiegt \abg \abg bnbabm ouiabm fehutumbg ugjt ybg`
njsuiibryfbg nbrj smeet Pbste Xeidvba, Kdba ijgjg` nbg Kdba ^rbgspdrtjg` neg`bg
ieipermjtug`fbg %\B ybg` njsettjg`. Ugtuf permjtug`bg fehutumbg babt-babt suppdrt
nbpbt abg`sug` njjgput pbnb fdadi jgj neg`bg njabfufbg permjtug`bg tefgjs iegègbj
fehutumbg ugjt suppdrt.
suppdrt.
:.3 Xuggjg` Equjpiegt

Equjpiegt bnbabm ouiabm fehutumbg babt ybg` sjbp ugtuf njùgbfbg/njdperbsjfbg.
njùgbfbg/njdperbsjfbg.
Cdriuab ? HUIB, Xegtba & [uhkdgt Equjiegt \abg x \B
:.0 Equjpiegt Mdurs bnbabm ouiabm obi ferob pbnb seiub ugjt ybg` njhutumfbg.
Cdriuab ? HUIB, Xegtba & [uhkdgt Equjiegt \abg x Eccektjve Pdrfjg` Mdurs
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

:.= Kdrrekten Equjpiegt Mdurs

Mdurs bnbabm ouiabm obi ferob seiub ugjt ybg` njsesubjfbg neg`bg
fesesubjbg prdnufsj bgtbr pbsbg`bg babt sepertj adbner nbg mbuaer. Kdrrekten Equjpiegt
Mdurs jgj njùgbfbg ugtuf iegegtufbg ouiabm fehutumbg cuea nsh. Cdriuab ? Kdrrekten Cbktdr
x Equjpiegt Mdurs
:.: Kdrrekten Use dc Bvbjabhjajty

Bvbjabhjajty bnbabm persegtbse use dc bvbjabhjajty ybg` teabm
njfdgvesj/njsesubjfbg neg`bg fesesubjbg prdnufsj bgtbr pbsbg`bg sepertj adbner nbg mbuaer
njfdgvesj/njsesubjfbg
(kdrrekten cbktdr). Cdriuab ? Kdrrekten Cbktdr x Use dc Bvbjabhjajty
:.2< Kdrrekten Eccektjve Pdrfjg` Mdurs

Mdurs bnbabm ouiabm obi ferob pbnb setjbp ugjt ybg`
njsesubjfbg neg`bg fesesubjbg prdnufsj bgtbr pbsbg`bg babt sepertj adbner nbg mbuaer.
Cdriuab ? Kdrrekten Cbktdr x Eccektjve Pdrfjg` Mdurs

E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | =;
\bè

:.22 \rdnuktjdg Kbakuabtjdg
Rubgtjty ugjt, njnbabi iegegtufbg fehutumbg ugjt njpbfbj cdriuabsj g 9 tbrèt prdnufsj /
(%\B x %UB x \ty x IDMM) pbnb setjbp pjt nbg setjbp huabggyb.
\rdnuktjvjty pbnb smeet wbste reidvba/kdba ijgjg`/kdba trbgspdrt ierupbfbg bfuiuabsj

\rdnuktjvjty
prdnuktjvjty hbjf adbner ibupug mbuaer ybg` nj’sbtu bg`fb’-fbg pbnb setjbp pjt-gyb.
\rdnuktjvjty per per \J^ per tbmug njperdaem neg`bg Cdriuab ? ^dtba \rdnufsj setbmug/
suiprdnukt(qubgtjty ugjt perhuabg6eccektjve wdrfjg` mdurs perhuabg). \rdnuktjvjty per sjte nbpbt njkbrj
neg`bg cdriuab ? \rdnufsj/Equjpiegt Mdurs
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | =>
\bè

\rdnuktjdg
\rdnufsj Adbner nbg Mbuaer per \J^ per Huabg njperdaem ieabauj cdriuab ? Rubgtjty Ugjt x
\rdnuktjvjty x Eccektjve Pdrfjg` Mdurs. Caeet Kbpbkjty DH ierupbfbg ijgjiui prdnufsj nbrj
Adbner Kbpbkjty nbg Mbuaer Kbpbkjty
Ugtuf prdnuktjdg kdba ijgjg`, [X Kbpbkjty per \J^ njmjtug` hernbsbrfbg Caeet Kbpbkjty Pbste
Xeidvba/[X Ijgjg` njsetjbp \J^. Caeet Kbpbkjty Kdba Ijgjg` ierupbfbg ijgjiui prdnufsj nbrj
Adbner Kbpbkjty, Mbuaer Kbpbkjty nbg [X Kbpbkjty
Kdba Pjggjg` per \J^ njmjtug` hernbsbrfbg Caeet Kbpbkjty Kdba ijgjg`. Caeet Kbpbkjty
ierupbfbg ijgjiui prdnufsj nbrj Adbner Kbpbkjty, Mbuaer Kbpbkjty & Kdba Pjggjg`.
:.28 [uiibry Equjpiegt \abg (pbnb smeet? Equjpiegt)

HUIB, Xegtba & [uhkdgtrbktdr Equjpiegt \abg Ierupbfbg feseaurumbg ugjt HUIB,
Xegtba nbg [uhkdgt ybg` njnbpbt nbrj smeet Bvbjabhjajty
Bvbjabhjajty
Xegtba & [uhkdgtrbktdr Equjpiegt \abg Ierupbfbg suiibry tdtba ugjt regtba nbg
suhkdgt ybg` njnbpbt nbrj smeet bvbjabhjajty.

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

HUIB Equjpiegt \abg Ierupbfbg seajsjm nbrj HUIB, Xegtba & [uhkdgtrbktdr Equjpiegt
\abg nbg Xegtba & [uhkdgtrbktdr Equjpiegt \abg.
\abg.
:.2; [uiibry \rdnuktjdg (pbnb smeet? [uiibry)
\bnb smeet jgj, mbgyb suiibry nbrj bftjcjtbs ?
B. Pbste Xeidvba
H. Kdba Ijgjg`
K. Kdba ^rbgspdrtjg`

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

\bnb setjbp suiibry hbjf pbnb aevea sjte ibupug pbnb aevea pjt ternjrj nbrj?
2. Kustdier ^brèt \rdnuktjdg
8. \abg Hunèt
;. Bktuba \rdnuktjdg ? njjsj hernbsbrfbg bktuba Odjgt [urvey
>. Bkmjeviegt
5. \abg Njstbgke
3. Bktuba Njstbgke
2<. Xevegue & Dperbtjdgba Kdst Hunètjg`

2<.2. Xevegue
Xevegue
Njnbabi permjtug`bg pabg revegue ybg` bfbg njobnjfbg tbrèt ugtuf iegegtufbg tbrèt
EHJ^NB, fdipdgeg revegue ybg` njùgbfbg mbgyb bnb nub fdipdgeg?
2. Fdipdgeg mbr`b pbnb setjbp ibterjba/bftjcjtbs
Ugtuf permjtug`bg revegue pbnb fdipdgeg jgj, prdnufsj ybg` njtbrètfbg mbgyb
njfbajfbg neg`bg mbr`b/rbte pbnb setjbp ibterjba (ugtuf DH pbnb setjbp hkigyb, Kdba
pbnb setjbp tdggyb) btbu bftjcjtbs pegèrobbggyb (kdgtdm? bpbhjab bnb peferobbg
bftjcjtbs rembgnajg` ibfb bfbg pbnb setjbp vdauie ybg` njmbsjafbg njfbajfbg neg`bg
rbte ugtuf bftjcjtbs peferobbg rembgnajg` tersehut.)
8. Fdipdgeg dvernjstbgke hbjf vertjkba ibupug mdrjzdgtba
Ugtuf fdipdgeg dvernjstbgke mdrjzdgtba ibupug vertjkba, permjtug`bg tdtba revegue
hernbsbrfbg setjbp pegbihbmbg njstbgke ybg` ieaehjmj nbrj hbseajge njstbgke ybg`
njtegtufbg nj fdgtrbf.
Kdgtdm? Ojfb vdauie prdnufsj 2 Ihki neg`bg pabg njstbgke ;fi ugtuf rbte
dvernjstbgke sehesbr $ <.<5/hkifi neg`bg hbseajge njstbgke 2.= fi ibfb
permjtug`bg tbrèt revegue ugtuf dvernjstbgke bnbabm 2 Ihki x (; fi ‛ 2.= fi) x $
<.<5 /hkifi 9 $ 3<.<<<
Ugtuf pegbihbmbg tbrèt revegue pbnb fdipdgeg abjggyb sepertj BCKB, Hbkfkmbrè BG,
Nbywdrf nsh. njbsuisjfbg hergjabj < ybg` herbrtj njbsuisjfbg kufup ugtuf peibfbjbg cuea
& BG nbg tjnbf bnb peferobbg nbywdrf ybg` njijgtb nbrj kustdier fe HUIB.
2<.8. Dperbtjdgba Kdst Hunètjg`

B. Xegtba Kdst
Xegtba Equjpiegt \abg bnbabm
\abg bnbabm fehutumbg ugjt regtba (seabjg ugjt HUIB) ybg` njsewb
daem HUIB neg`bg perjdne nbg rbte tertegtu. Fehutumbg tersehut njtuajs abg`sug`
pbnb fdadi-fdadi ybg` tersenjb.
tersenjb.
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

Xegtba Equjpiegt Pdrfjg` Mdurs \abg bnbabm

\abg bnbabm ijgjiui mdurs nbrj ugjt regtba ybg`
njregkbgbfbg heferob nbabi setjbp huabggyb. Ijgjiui mdurs tersehut nbpbt njajmbt
njfdgtrbf (KI[) btbu pertjihbg`bg/feputusbg
pertjihbg`bg/feputusbg tertegtu.
Xegtba Xbte
Xbte bnbabm hjbyb sewb regtba HUIB fepbnb pjmbf fetj`b (hjbsbgyb nbabi
sbtubg $/mrs). nbtb jgj nbpbt njajmbt njfdgtrbf (KI[).
Xegtba Equjpiegt Kdst \abg

\abg bnbabm hjbyb dperbtjdgba expegnjture (D\E]) ybg` mbrus
njhunètfbg daem HUIB ugtuf ieihbyb
ieihbybrr hjbyb regtba pbnb setjbp huabggyb. Cdriuab
? Xegtba Equjpiegt \abg x Xegtba Equjpiegt Pdrfjg` Mdurs \abg x Xegtba Xbte
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | ==
\bè

H. [uhkdgtrbktdr Kdst

\erhenbbg bgtbrb regtba kdst nbg suhkdgtrbktdr kdst bnbabm teraetbf pbnb sbtubg ferob
ybg` njtb`jmfbg. \bnb regtba kdst, ybg` njtb`jmfbg daem pjmbf fetj`b fe HUIB bnbabm
ouiabm obi ferobgyb (nbabi hegtuf mdurs) senbg`fbg pbnb suhkdgtrbktdr
suhkdgtrbktdr kdst ybg`
njtb`jmfbg bnbabm nbabi hegtuf sbtubg prdnufsj (hjsb herupb hki btbu tdggbse)
sesubj neg`bg fesepbfbtbg njnbabi fdgtrbf. Ugtuf ieg`mjtug` suhkdgtrbktdr kdst,
bnb eaeieg-eaeieg pegyusug kdst tersehut ybjtu?
[uhkdgtrbktdr Equjpiegt \abg
\abg bnbabm regkbgb fehutumbg babt suhkdgtrbktdr ugtuf
iegneajver prdnufsj. Feùgbbg nbrj eaeieg jgj bnbabm pjmbf HUIB nbpbt ieg`dgtrda
ouiabm ugjt suhkdgtrbktdr
suhkdgtrbktdr semjg``b bpbhjab ouiabm bftubagyb furbg` nbrjpbnb ybg`
njhutumfbg, HUIB nbpbt ieijgtb ouiabm babt fepbnb pjmbf fetj`b.
[uhkdgtrbktdr \rdnuktjdg
\rdnuktjdg bnbabm prdnufsj ybg` bfbg njneajver/njtbrètfbg fepbnb
pjmbf fetj`b ugtuf nbpbt ieihbgtu peferobbg HUIB. Ugtuf permjtug`bg fehutumbg
prdnufsj ybg` bfbg njherjfbg fepbnb pjmbf fetj`b, nbpbt ieg`ùgbfbg cdriuab
prdnufsj neg`bg pbrbieter-pbrbieter ybg` njsepbfbtj njnbabi fdgtrbf btbupug btbs
pertjihbg`bg/feputusbg
pertjihbg`bg/feputusbg tertegtu.
[uhkdgtrbktdr Kdst
Kdst bnbabm hjbyb dperbtjdgba expegnjture (D\E]) ybg` mbrus
njhunètfbg daem HUIB ugtuf nbpbt ieihbybr suhkdgtrbktdr fbregb teabm
iegyeaesbjfbg peferobbg ybg` njherjfbg daem HUIB. Cdriuab ? [uhkdgtrbktdr \rdnuktjdg x
[uhkdgtrbktdr Xbte
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | =:
\bè

K. Cuea Kdst

[babm sbtu fdipdgeg hjbyb ybg` pbajg` tjg``j njnbabi hjsgjs fdgtrbftdr pertbihbg`bg
bnbabm cuea kdst njibgb hjbyb ybg` mbrus njfeaubrfbg nbpbt sbipbj ><% nbrj tdtba
kdst. Daem fbregb jtu, pegegtubg hunèt cuea perau ugtuf njabfufbg b`br ternbpbt
ufurbg ybg` oeabs nbg nbpbt njidgjtdr daem pjmbf ibgboeieg ugtuf nbpbt njabfufbg
peg`bihjabg feputusbg. Eaeieg-eaeieg
Eaeieg-eaeieg pegyusug cuea kdst jgj bnbabm
Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg (atr/mrs) bnbabm

(atr/mrs) bnbabm peg`ùgbbg cuea ugjt ybg` njfeaubrfbg pbnb setjbp
obi ugjt heferob. Ugtuf iegegtufbg cuea kdgsuiptjdg (atr/mrs) jgj, nbpbt njajmbt pbnb
ibguba mbgnhddf spekjcjkbtjdg ugjt, mjstdrjkba nbtb btbu btbs pertjihbg`bg tertegtu.
Cuea Usbè (atr)

(atr) bnbabm fdgsuisj pegèaubrbg cuea (ajter) nbabi setjbp huabggyb.
Cdriuab ? VKdrrekten Eq. Mdurs ‛ (Xegtba Eq. \abg x Xegtba Eq. Pdrf
P drf Mdurs \abg)Y x Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg .
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | :<
\bè

Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg (atr/hkiVtdgY) bnbabm perhbgnjg`bg eceftjcjtbs cuea ybg`

njfeaubrfbg nbabi ieg`mbsjafbg prdnufsj pbnb setjbp hki nbg tdggyb. Cdriuab ? Cuea
Usbè / \rdnuktjdg per Ugjt
Cuea Kdst ($) bnbabm

($) bnbabm tdtba mbr`b ybg` mbrus njhunètfbg/njfeaubrfbg daem HUIB ugtuf
iegbg`ùg` hjbyb dperbsjdgba btbs peibfbjbg fdgsuisj cuea. Cdriuab ? Cuea Usbè x
Cuea \rjke
Ugtuf permjtug`bg hunèt jgj, mbrus njhbgnjg`fbg ou`b neg`bg cuea baadwbgke nbrj
kustdier ybg` terterb njnbabi fdgtrbf. Fetegtubggyb, obg`bg sbipbj cuea usbè ybg`
njhunètfbg ieaehjmj nbrj cuea baadwbgke btbu neg`bg fbtb abjg BCKB hergjabj ge`btjc.
ge`btjc.
N. Nrjaajg` & Habstjg` Kdst (NH Kdst)

\bnb permjtug`bg hunèt ugtuf nrjaajg` nbg habstjg` kdst, bnb tj`b fdipdgeg kdst
ybg` mbrus njpermjtug`fbg ybjtu ?
2. Expadsjve kdst sepertj peiheajbg BG, Eiuasjdg haegn, Hddster, Kdrntex, [urcbke
ÂN Neaby, Jgmdae ÂN Neaby, Neaby Kdggektdr nsh pbnb setjbp huabggyb
8. Nrjaajg` Bkkessdry kdst sepertj hjbyb ugtuf peiheajbg hjt (ibtb hdr) nbg rdn
(hbtbg` hdr)
Btbu nbpbt nj`bgtjfbg neg`bg hjbyb servjke/obsb ybg` njtbwbrfbg daem pjmbf fetj`b
(sepertj NG], Nbmbgb nsh.) ugtuf nbpbt ieg``bgtjfbg bftjcjtbs habstjg`.
Ugtuf aehjm oeabs permjtug`bggyb, nbpbt njfdiugjfbsjfbg neg`bg tji Nrjaa&Habst.
E. Xepbjr & Ibjgtegbgke Kdst (XI Kdst)

\bnb permjtug`bg ugtuf Xepbjt & Ibgtegbgke kdst jgj, hbgybf mba ybg` perau
njpertjihbg`fbg. [eabjg nbrj regkbgb skmenuae servjke pbnb setjbp perjdne ou`b perau
ieipertjihbg`fbg fdgnjsj ugjt, ugtug`/ru`j ojfb ugjt njbftjcfbg, uiur ugjt, uiur
fdipdgeg/pbrt
fdipdgeg/pbrt pbnb setjbp ugjt nsh.
Ugtuf aehjm oeabs permjtug`bggyb, nbpbt njfdiugjfbsjfbg neg`bg tji \abgt
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | :2
\bè

C. Ibgpdwer \abggjg` Kdst (I\\ Kdst)

Njnbabi permjtug`bg Ibgpdwer pabggjg` ternbpbt fdipdgeg kdst ybg` njhenbfbg
fbregb nbabi permjtug`bg/kbrb ybg` njùgbfbg herhenb?
2. Ibgpdwer \abggjg` ugtuf aevea ibgbèiegt
ibgbèiegt (ugtuf cdreibg-up & bnijg)
8. Ibgpdwer pabggjg` ugtuf aevea iefbgjf nbg dperbtdr
;. Ibgpdwer pabggjg` ugtuf abhdr suppay
Ugtuf aehjm oeabs permjtug`bggyb,

permjtug`bggyb, nbpbt njfdiugjfbsjfbg neg`bg tji MX, \abgt (ugtuf
I\\ Iefbgjf) nbg D[\N (ugtuf I\\ dperbtdr)
@. ^yre Kdst

\bnb permjtug`bg tyre kdst jgj, perau njajmbt kbnbg`bg btbu stdkf tyre ybg` ibsjm bnb,
ouiabm fehutumbg pbnb setjbp tjpe hbhbg,
g, ajcetjie tyre nbg
nbg mbr`b/tyre prjke
prjke njpbsbrbg.
Ugtuf aehjm oeabsgyb, nbpbt njfdiugjfbsjfbg neg`bg tji tyre.
22. Bktjvjty Hbsen Kdst Hunètjg`

Bktjvjty Hbsen Kdst (BHK) Hunètjg` ierupbfbg subtu kbrb permjtug`bg estjibsj
kdst dperbsjdgba nbabi sbtubg $/hki btbu $/tdg ybg` njhunètfbg pbnb setjbp bftjcjtbs
(adbnjg`, mbuajg`, nrjaajg`, nsh.) ybg` feùgbbggyb bnbabm sehb`bj fdgtrda peg`ùgbbg
hunèt termbnbp fdgtrbf neg`bg kustdier.
\egyusugbg BHK Hunètjg` jgj bfbg nbpbt njabfufbg ojfb ternbpbt nbtb-nbtb
pegyusug ybg` njperaufbg seabjg pbrbieter-pbrbieter
pbrbieter-pbrbieter ybg` teabm njsehutfbg njbtbs sepertj
\abgt Mjre [ystei njibgb permjtug`bggyb njperdaem nbrj gjabj dwgjg` nbg dperbtjg` kdst
pbnb setjbp ugjtgyb. Ugtuf permjtug`bg dwgjg` nbg dperbtjg` kdst bfbg njoeabsfbg pbnb
ibterj nbg fdipetegsj abjggyb.
28. Sbrjbgke Bgbaysjs Hunèt vs Bktuba

Nbabi prdses hunètjg`, ternbpbt tj`b mba ybg` njufur. Bgbajsjs vbrjbgsj bgtbrb hunèt nbg
bftuba ierupbfbg bgbajsjs nevjbsj ybg` terobnj pbnb setjbp pbrbieter hunèt nbg ou`b
bgbajsjs nevjbsj pbnb setjbp tbmbpbg prdses hunètjg` prdses. Cug`sj nbrjpbnb bgbajsjs
vbrjbgsj jgj bnbabm seabjg njpbfbj ugtuf iegobnj ufurbg tjg`fbt bfurbsj hunèt, ou`b nbpbt
njpbfbj sehb`bj nbtb mjstdrj njnbabi iegegtufbg prdses hunètjg` seabgoutgyb b`br prdses
hunètjg` nbpbt aehjm kepbt, iunbm, tepbt nbg terperkbyb.
2;. Jiprdvjg` jg Hunètjg` \rdkess

\rdses jiprdveiegt njnbabi hunètjg` prdses kbfupbggyb sbg`bt aubs nbrj iuabj seheaui
prdses hunètjg` njiuabj, pbnb sbbt prdses hunètjg` njiuabj ibupug seteabm prdses
hunètjg` njhubt nbg seabau herfeihbg` sesubj neg`bg fdgnjsj ybg` ter
terobnj.
obnj. [ehb`bj kdgtdm
jiprdveiegt seheaui prdses hunètjg` njiuabj bnbabm neg`bg ieihubt stbgnbr cdriuabsj
nbg jgte`rbsj sjstei hunètjg` (JH[) semjg``b pbnb sbbt prdses hunètjg` njabfufbg, nbpbt
herobabg neg`bg abgkbr nbg kepbt.
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

^JIE IBGB@EIEG^ & JG[EG^JC
IDNUA 22? ^JIE IBGB@EIEG^

IBGB@EIEG^

IDNUA 22. ^JIE IBGB@EIEG^
2. Abtbr Heabfbg`

Nbabi nugjb tbihbg` ybg` njgbijs njhutumfbg subtu ibgbèiegt ugtuf ieg`btur
dperbsjdgba b`br nbpbt eceftjc nbg ecjsjeg semjg``b njnbpbtfbg prdnuktjvjtbs ybg` dptjiba.
8. ûoubg
- Iegoeabsfbg pegèrtjbg \rdnuktjdg ibgbèiegt & ^jie ibgbèiegt.
- Iegoeabsfbg Mjrbrfj tjie ibgbèiegt.
ibgbèiegt.
;. ^jie Ibgbèiegt & \rdnuktjdg Ibgbèiegt

;.2. ^jie Ibgbèiegt
Bnbabm hb`bjibgb iegègnbajfbg (Kdgtrda), idgjtdr nbg iegkbtbt (rekdrn), bftjvjtbs
(Bktjvjty) dperbsj hernbsbrfbg stbtus nbg trbgsbfsj (^rbgsbktjdg) hernbsbrfbg kykae b`br
aehjm eccektjve nbg eccjkjegt ugtuf iegkbpbj prdnuftjvjtbs ybg` dptjiba.
;.8. \rdnuktjdg Ibgbèiegt
Bnbabm hb`bjibgb iegègnbajfbg (Kdgtrda), idgjtdr nbg iegkbtbt (rekdrn) bftjvjtbs
(Bktjvjty) dperbsj hernbsbrfbg Equjpiegt (hernbsbrfbg oegjs, kbpbkjty, idnea), dperbtdr,
adfbsj (hernbsbrfbg ibterjba) ugtuf iegkbpbj prdnuftjvjtbs ybg` dptjiba
>. Mjerbrkmy ^jie Ibgbèiegt

>.2. Bftjvjtbs (Bktjvjty)
Bktjvjty hernbsbrfbg stbtus njhb`j iegobnj ?
- Dperbtjdgba ? Neaby, Jnae, Xebny (Pdrfjg`) nbg Ndwg (Hrebfndwg) njibgb seiub
nj`rdupfbg iegobnj bktjve nbg jgbktjve.
- \rdnuktjdg ? ^jie Kbte`drjes
Bktjvjty hernbsbrfbg stbtus Dperbtjdgba njhb`j iegobnj ?
- Bktjve ? [tbtus neg`bg pbrbietergyb bnbabm dperbtdr, babt nbg adfbsj, ybg` teribsuf
njnbabigyb bnbabm neaby nbg rebny (wdrfjg`)
- Jgbktjve ? [tbtus bpbhjab tjnbf bnb sbabm sbtu pbrbieter
pbrbieter nbabi stbtus bktjve, ybg`
teribsuf njnbabigyb bnbabm jnae ([tbgnhy) nbg Hrebfndwg (Ndwg)
Bktjvjty hernbsbrfbg stbtus prdnuktjdg hertuoubg ugtuf ieg`mbsjafbg mjtug`bg nbrj prdses
rekdrn nbrj tjie kbte`drjes.
Bktjvjty hernbsbrfbg stbtus prdnuktjdg ieijajfj mjerbrkmy shh ?
- Equjpiegt ^dtba Mdurs
- Equjpiegt Kbte`dry stbtus JG\X & JNP\
- Equjpiegt Pdrfjg` Mdurs, Gdg Pdrfjg` Mdurs nbg Ibjgtegbgke Mdurs (Ndwg)
- ^jie [tbtus njhb`j iegobnj ? Xebny, Neaby, [tbgnhy, Ndwg
^jie Kbte`dry njhb`j iegobnj ? \rdnuktjve, Gdg \rdnuktjve, Neaby Dperbtjg`, Jghunèt,
Gdghunèt, [kmenuaen, Ugskmenuaen
>.8. ^rbgsbfsj (^rbgsbktjdg)
(^rbgsbktjdg)
Hernbsbrfbg Kykae tjie trukf
>.;. Mjerbrkmy Bktjvjty hernbsbrfbg [tbtus \rdnuktjdg
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | :>
\bè


^ ^
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K K K P P P P P P P
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n \ e d r
b e t m p b e e b d X ^
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g c
u v y r
s j t
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j k b j D F D
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a ` g g e m u i g D p B
\ j
g ` b e i p e @ A
d ` a b X e r
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b b d d a G
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k s s j
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d m j
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d b d t j t b g g r e n r
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n b k p ^ g u E t e e ^ r y t s \ H
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e b e r `
u i s k b P r
u ^ G d b U
` \ e r t r
b k [ - p k m t k r
u r a r
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d r j
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d t f t d C d f k d C \ p N
s g h \ a g d / b r
t r r
f / f N b r b @
j
d j a r r E g d s E / j t e r
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g t e d x n g m x E s j
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j i h k h t d k x p u b j
d
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b g
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\ t
k t
B m j
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^ I
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[ [ M
k E
m k
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e e U
n n A
u u E
a
e a N
e N N
D D
X B ^ I
b k j
r
e ^ U P P
n k K G G G
j
d j
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e g U K
g s g M
t k s E
m k N
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n e U
u n A
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a
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E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

Ugtuf ^jie Neskrjptjdg feterbg`bg ibsjg` ‛ ibsjg` bnbabm shh ?
Gd PDXFJG@ PB[Ê XEIDSBA FEÊXBG@BG

2 PX-Adbnjg` DH PDXFJG@ DH ADBNJG@
8 PX-Adbnjg` IUN PDXFJG@ IUN ADBNJG@
; PX-Adbnjg` [DJA PDXFJG@ ^D\ [DJA ADBNJG@
> PX-Mbuajg` DH PDXFJG@ DH MBUAJG@
5 PX-Mbuajg` IUN PDXFJG@ IUN MBUAJG@
3 PX-Mbuajg` [DJA PDXFJG@ ^D\ [DJA MBUAJG@
0 PX-Nrjaajg` PDXFJG@ NXJAAJG@ PB[Ê XEIDSBA
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG NJ^KMJG@ PB[Ê
= PX-@eg NJ^KMJG@
XEIDSBA
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG [ADD\JG@ PB[Ê
: PX-@eg [ADD\JG@
XEIDSBA
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG KDG[^XUK^JDG
2< PX-@eg KDG[^XUK^JDG
PB[Ê XEIDSBA
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG ^XBJGJG@ PB[Ê
22 PX-@eg ^XBJGJG@
XEIDSBA
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG @EGEXBA ([U\\DX^
28 PX-@eg Pdrf
ERUJ\IEG^) PB[Ê XEIDSBA
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG ADBNJG@ AUI\UX
2; PX-@eg Adbnjg` IUN [UI\ (XEMBGNAJG@)^JNBF ÊXEKDXN [EHB@BJ

\XDNUF[J
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG MBUAJG@ AUI\UX
2> PX-@eg Mbuajg` IUN [UI\ (XEMBGNAJG@) ^JNBF ÊXEKDXN [EHB@BJ
\XDNUF[J
GD PDXFJG@ KDBA IJGJG@ FEÊXBG@BG

25 KI-Adbnjg` PDXFJG@ KDBA IJGJG@ ADBNJG@
23 KI-Mbuajg` PDXFJG@ KDBA IJGJG@ MBUAJG@
20 KI-Nrjaajg` PDXFJG@ KDBA IJGJG@ NXJAAJG@
PDXFJG@ KDBA IJGJG@ MBUAJG@ KDBA NBXJ
2= KI-Mbuajg` Jgtr
JGÊXIENJBÊ XDDI FE [^DKF \JAE
2: KI-@eg NJ^KMJG@ PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG NJ^KMJG@ KDBA

IJGJG@
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG [ADD\JG@ KDBA
8< KI-@eg [ADD\JG@
IJGJG@
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG KDG[^XUK^JDG
82 KI-@eg KDG[^XUK^JDG
KDBA IJGJG@
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG KAEBGJG@ KDBA
88 KI-@eg KAEBGJG@
IJGJG@
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG ^XBJGJG@ KDBA
8; KI-@eg ^XBJGJG@
IJGJG@
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG @EGEXBA ([U\\DX^
8> KI-@eg Pdrf
ERUJ\IEG^) KDBA IJGJG@
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG ADBNJG@ KDBA NBXJ
85 KI-@eg Adbnjg` JG^X
\J^ FE JGÊXIENJBÊ
JGÊXIENJBÊ XDI
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG MBUAJG@ KDBA NBXJ
83 KI-@eg Mbuajg` JG^X
\J^ FE JGÊXIENJBÊ
JGÊXIENJBÊ XDI
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

GD PDXFJG@ KDBA ^XBG[\DX^ FEÊXBG@BG

80 K^-Adbnjg` PDXFJG@ K^ ADBNJG@
8= K^-Mbuajg` PDXFJG@ K^ MBUAJG@
8: K^-Adbnjg` F\K PDXFJG@ KDBA ^XBG[\DX^ ADBNJG@ UGJ^ F\K
;< K^-Mbuajg` F\K PDXFJG@ KDBA ^XBG[\DX^ MBUAJG@ UGJ^ F\K
PDXFJG@ K^ @EGEXBA PDXF (FMU[U[ UGÛF
;2 K^-@eg Pdrf
[U\\DX^ ERUJ\IEG^ K^)
PDXFJG@ GDG \XDNUK^JDG KDBA ^XBG[\DX^
;8 K^-@eg [U\\DX^ PDXF F\K
UGJ^ F\K
GD PDXFJG@ D^MEX FEÊXBG@BG

PDXFJG@ ERUJ\IEG^ ZBG@ NJXEG^BAFBG
;; Xegtba-\brtger
JGÊXGBA FE NE\BXÊIEG ABJG
;> Xegtba-Xegtba
EF[ÊXGBA FE \JMBF ABJG
;5 Xegtba-\brtger F\K
JGÊXGBA FE NE\BXÊIEG ABJG F\K
;3 Xegtba-Xegtba F\K
EF[ÊXGBA FE \JMBF ABJG F\K
GD NEABZ DH/KDBA IJGJG@ FEÊXBG@BG

NEABZ FBXEGB ABIBGZB PBFÛ ZBG@ NJ@UGBFBG
UGÛF \EX@BG^JBG [MJC^ (IUABJ UGJ^ [^BGNHZ
2 [mjct Kmbgè MJG@@B UGJ^ IUABJ HEFEXOB). UGÛF M[[K IBFB
NJMJÛG@ IUABJ AB[^ ADBN [BI\BJ NEG@BG CJX[^
ADBN
8 Ieba & Xest NEABZ FBXEGB [BB^ J[^JXBMB^ NBG IBFBG
NEABZ FBXEGB \XD[E[ HAB[^ \XD^DKDA NBG HAB[^
; Pbjt Habstjg`
XE\D[J[J
NEABZ FBXEGB \XD[E[ HAB[^JG@ [E[UBJ UXU^BG CDXI
> Habst \rdtdkda
HAB[^ \XD^DKDA
NEABZ FBXEGB \XD[E[ [EÊABM HAB[^JG@ NJGZB^BFBG
5 Habst Xepdsjsj
BIBG [BI\BJ UGJ^ IEABFUFBG FEXOB FEIHBAJ
3 Crjnby \rby NEABZ FBXEGB [BB^ J[^JXBMB^ [MDAB^ OUIB^
NEABZ FBXEGB [BB^ NJABFUFBG \EIHJKBXBBG [BCE^Z
0 [bcety ^baf (ÊXIB[UF NJNBABIGZB @EGEXBA [BCE^Z ^BAF)NJAUBX
\5I ZBG@ NJABFUFBG [BÛ FBAJ [E\EFBG
NEABZ FBXEGB ^JNBF BNB CUEA/ IEGUG@@U CUEA /
\EG@J[JBG CUEA. UGÛF ADBNEX NJMJÛG@ NBXJ
= Xecueajg` \EAB\DXBG AB\BG@BG FE IKK [BI\BJ \EAB\DXBG
AB\BG@BG UGJ^ [EAE[BJ NJJ[JFBG & UGÛF MBUAEX
ZBG@ NJAUBX [KMENUAAE \J^[^D\
NEABZ FBXEGB \XD[E[ \J^ [^D\ ZBG@ NJNBABIGZB BNB
: \jt [tdp BF^JSJ^B[ J[J CUEA, KEF ^ZXE NBG IJGDX JG[\EF[J
FMU[U[ UGÛF UGJ^ MBUAEX.
NEABZ FBXEGB \EXHBJFBG CXDG^ DAEM BAB^ \J^ [EXSJKE
2< Crdgt \repbrbtjdg / BAB^ [U\\DX^. OJFB NJABFUFBG DAEM IBJG
ERUJ\IEG^ IBFB NJBG@@B\ PDXFJG@ @EGEXBA.
NEABZ FBXEGB \EXHBJFBG NJ[\D[BA DAEM BAB^ \J^
22 Njspdsba \repbrbtjdg
22 Njspdsba \repbrbtjdg
[EXSJKE / BAB^ [U\\DX^.
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

NEABZ FBXEGB \EX\JGNBMBG BAB^ FE \J^ ABJG (AEHJM

NBXJ 2< IEGJ^ HBXU NJFBÊ@DXJFBG NBABI IDSJG@
28 Idvjg` Equjpiegt
ERUJ\IEG^), OJFB FUXBG@ NBXJ 2< IEGJ^ IB[UF
FENBABI HEHBG \XDHAEI \XDNUK^JSJ^Z
2; \rbyjg` NEABZ FBXEGB [MDAB^ ([EABJG [MDAB^ OUIB^)
2> \ersdgba NEABZ FBXEGB FE\EG^JG@BG \EX[DGBA IJ[BA FE ^DJAE^
NEABZ FBXEGB IEGUG@@U \EG@BG^BXBG D\EXB^DX
ZBG@ [ENBG@ NJ BÛX DAEM \JMBF ERUJ\IEG^ (^JNBF
25 Pbjt Dperbtdr
BNB MUHUG@BGGZB NEG@BG D\EXB^DX AEHJM, Ê^B\J
AEHJM FE \EG@BÛXBG D\EXB^DX ZBG@ NJ ^BIHBG@)
NEABZ FBXEGB KEF DAEM [BCE^Z [EÊABM BKKJNEG^
23 [bcety Kmekf
B^BU HUFBG [EÊABM BKKJNEG^
NEABZ FBXEGB BNBGZB B@EGNB Ê[ CB^J@UE ZBG@
20 êst Cbtjùe
NJABFUFBG DAEM [BCE^Z
NEABZ FBXEGB D\EXB^DX NJIJG^B ^JNBF
2= Dperbtdr Cbtjùe IEG@D\EXB[JFBG UGJ^ DAEM \JMBF [BCE^Z NJ[EHBHFBG
BNB HEHEXB\B FXJÊXJB CB^JRUE
NEABZ FBXEGB FE@JB^BG D\EXB[JDGBA ÊX@BG@@U
2: Nusty
NEG@BG BNBGZB NEHU AE\B[ NBXJ \J^
NEABZ FBXEGB IEGUG@@U BAB^ [U\\DX^ / ^JNBF BNB
8< Gd/Pbjt [uppdrt
BAB^ [U\\DX^ [EMJG@@B UGJ^ ^JNBF HJ[B HEFEXOB.
NEABZ FBXEGB FE@JB^BG [UXSEZ UGÛF \EG@BIHJABG
82 Pbjt [urvey NB^B AB\BG@BG NJ \J^
NEABZ FBXEGB \EGKUKJBG NJAUBX IBJGÊGBGKE.
88 Pbsmjg` Ugjt
KDG@FEA ^XBKF ÊXIB[UF FE@JB^BG IBJGÊGBGKE.
FDGNJ[J FMU[U[ NJ[\B^KM NJIBGB UGJ^ HEAUI
8; Xebny ^bgpb Njspbtkm
ÊXJG[^BA MBXNPBXE NJ[\B^KM GBIUG UGJ^ XUGJG@
NEABZ FBXEGB \XD[E[ JG[\EF[J HBXU B^BU\UG UABG@
8> Xekdiijssjdgjg` DAEM DPGEX ÊXMBNB\ FEABZBFBG UGJ^ UGÛF
HEXD\EXB[J
NEABZ FBXEGB [^BÛ[ NJIBGB BAB^ NJABFUFBG
\EG@EKEFBG DAEM IEFBGJF, ÊXGZB^B UGJ^ ^JNBF
85 Ijs-Jnegtjcjkbtjdg
HXEBFNDPG. XE[\DG ^JIE IEFBGJF IB[JM NBABI
HB^B[ XE[\DG ^JIE ZBG@ ÊABM NJ[E\BFB^J NJ [JÊ.
NEABZ \BNB E]KBSB^DX B^BU ^XUKF NEG@BG XEB[DG
83 Pbjt ^rukf/Exk Gd Dperbtdr ^JNBF BNB D\EXB^DXXB^JD

XD[ÊX,B^ÊGNBGKE (HEXFBJ^BG NEG@BG
& FEFUXBG@BG
\EIEGUMBG D\EXB^DX)
IEGUG@@U D\EXB^DX (HEXFBJ^BG NEG@BG NJ[^XJHU[J
80 Pbjt ^rukf/Exk Pbjt Dperbtdr BG^BX OEI\U^(BF[E[ OBABG HUXUF,FEFUXBG@BG
IDHJA \EGOEI\U^),IBGB@EIEG^ \EG@BÛXBG NJ
\J^,[J[ÊI IBGB@EIEG^ \EG@BÛXBG D\EXB^DX)
8= Pbjt ^rukf/Exk Ieba & Xest
D\EXB^DX [ENBG@ J[^JXBMB^ IBFBG
8: Pbjt ^rukf/Exk Cbtjùe
D\EXB^DX CB^JRUE
NEABZ \BNB E]KBSB^DX NEG@BG XEB[DG MBUAEX
;< Pbjt ^rukf \jt [tdp
[ENBG@ NBABI \XD[E[ \J^ [^D\
NEABZ \BNB E]KBSB^DX NEG@BG XEB[DG MBUAEX
;2 Pbjt ^rukf êst cbtjùe
[ENBG@ BNB Ê[^ CB^J@UE
;8 Pbjt ^rukf/E]K [mjct Kmbgè
FEGNBAB [BB^ [MJC^ KMBG@E
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | :=
\bè

NEABZ \BNB ^XUKF NEG@BG XEB[DG FEGNBAB [BB^

;; Pbjt Exk \ersdgba
D\EXB^DX ADBNEX IEABFUFBG BF^JSJ^B[ \EX[DGBA
NEABZ \BNB ^XUKF NEG@BG XEB[DG D\EXB^DX [ENBG@
;> Pbjt Exk \rbyjg`
HEXJHBNBM
;5 Pbjt Exk Idvjg` ([mdvea Idvjg`) NEABZ \BNB ^XUKF NEG@BG XEB[DG UGJ^ IDSJG@
;3 Pbjt ^rukf/Exk Xekdiijsjdgjg`
UGJ^ [ENBG@ NJ XEKDIJ[JDGJG@
NEABZ \BNB ^XUKF NEG@BG XEB[DG UGJ^ [ENBG@
;0 Pbjt Exk Xecueajg`
XECUEAJG@
NEABZ \BNB ^XUKF NEG@BG XEB[DG E]KBSB^DX
;= Pbjt Exk @egerba
IEABFUFBG \EFEXOBBG @EGEXBA
NEABZ UGÛF IEG@BFDIDNJX KZKAE ^XUKF NJIBGB
FE^JFB UGJ^ HEX@EXBF NJHBPBM 2.3 FI/OBI B^BU
;: Eipty [tdp
NJBI, NEG@BG HB^B[BG PBFÛ IJGJIUI 8 IEGJ^,
\BNB NJ[\B^KM NJBFDIDNJX BU^D, FE^JFB FD[DG@BG.
NEABZ UGÛF IEG@BFDIDNJX KZKAE ^XUKF NJIBGB
FE^JFB UGJ^ HEX@EXBF NJHBPBM 2.3 FI/OBI B^BU
>< Adbnen [tdp
NJBI, NEG@BG HB^B[BG PBFÛ IJGJIUI 8 IEGJ^,
\BNB NJ[\B^KM NJBFDIDNJX BU^D, FE^JFB IUB^BG.
GD NEABZ KDBA IJGJG@ HJG FEÊXBG@BG

>2 KI-Rueue dg K\\ NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF KI? RUEUE DG K\\
>8 KI-K\\ Ibjgtegbgke NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF KI ? K\\ IBJGÊGBGKE
>; KI-K\\ Pbjtjg` Kdba Cdrekbst NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF KI ? K\\ Pbjtjg` Kdba Cdrekbst
>> KI-K\\ Pbjtjg` Nuip Ibg NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF KI ? K\\ Pbjtjg` Nuip Ibg
>5 KI-Rueue dg Adbnjg` \djgt NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF KI ? Rueue dg Adbnjg` \djgt
GD NEABZ KDBA ^XBG[\DX^ FEÊXBG@BG

>3 K^ - \8M \8M UGÛF KDBA ^XBG[\DX^
>0 K^ - Rueue dg XDI BG^XJBG NJ XDI UGÛF KDBA ^XBG[\DX^
>= K^ - Evbkubtjdg ESBFUB[J UGÛF KDBA ^XBG[\DX^
>: K^ - Mdpper Ibjgtegbgke
Ibjgtegbgk e MD\\EX IBJGÊGBGKE UGÛF KDBA ^XBG[\DX^
5< K^ - Xdbn Ibjgtegbgke XDBN IBJGÊGBGKE UGÛF KDBA ^XBG[\DX^
52 K^ - Pbjt Adbner HN PBJ^ ADBNEX FBXEGB HXEBFNDPG UGÛF KDBA
^XBG[\DX^
58 K^ - Ietba FI<2 NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF K^? IE^BA DG FI <2
5; K^ - Ietba FI8= NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF K^? IE^BA DG FI 8=
5> K^ - Gd Kdba FI<2 NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF K^? GD KDBA DG FI <2
55 K^ - Krusmer Ibjgtegbgke
Ibjgtegbgk e NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF K^? KXU[MEX IBJGÊGBGKE
53 K^ - [wjtkm \rdnukt NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF K^? [PJ^KM \XDNUK^
50 K^ - Dver [tdkf FI8= NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF K^? DSEX [^DKF NJ FI 8=
5= K^ - Eaektrjk ^rduhae NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF K^? ^XDUHAE EAEK^XJK
5: K^ - Rueue dg Nuipjg` Fi8= NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF K^? RUEUE NUI\JG@ FI 8=
3< K^-Rueue dg Adbnjg` Fi<2 NEABZ FMU[U[ UGÛF K^? RUEUE ADBNJG@ FI <2
32 K^-Rueue dg \drt Auhufûtug`
Auhufût ug` BG^XJBG NJ AUHUF ÛÛG@ UGÛF KDBA ^XBG[\DX^
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | ::
\bè

GD JNAE FEÊXBG@BG
2 Mdajnby & [mutndwg JNAE FBXEGB MBXJ AJHUX/MBXJ XBZB
JNAE FBXEGB MUOBG (NJKB^B^ IUABJ UGJ^ HEXMEG^J
8 Xbjg FBXEGB BNB MUOBG MJG@@B MUOBG XENB NBG
\EGZEFXB\BG NJIUABJ OBABG)
JNAE FBXEGB [AJ\\EXZ / [KXB\\JG@ IUABJ NBXJ CXDG^ -
; [ajppery OBABG -NJ[\D[BA [EÊABM MUOBG [BI\BJ UGJ^ IUABJ
HEX@EXBF UGÛF PDXFJG@.
> Cd` JNAE FBXEGB BNBGZB FBHU^/B[B\
JNAE FBXEGB IEGUG@@U ^XUKF B^BU E]KBSB^DX
5 Pbjt ^rukf/Exk \B FBXEGB \B (UGJ^ [^BGNHZ FBXEGB IEGUG@@U
MBUAEX/ADBNEX-GZB HXEBFNDPG)
JNAE FBXEGB FEFUXBG@BG \EIEGUMBG IBG\DPEX,
3 Gd Dperbtdr HBJF FBXEGB CBF^DX FENB^BG@BG (BX), IBU\UG
FEIBI\UBG IEG@D\EXB[JFBG UGJ^ ABJG (SEX[B^JAJ^Z)
JNAE FBXEGB ^JNBF BNBGZB ADFB[J ZBG@ KUFU\ UGÛF
0 Gd Adkbtjdg NJADBNJG@ NEG@BG OUIABM CAEE^/BAB^ ZBG@ BNB,
[EMJG@@B [EHB@BJBG CAEE^/BAB^ NJ-[^BGNHZ-FBG.
JNAE FBXEGB ^JNBF BNBGZB IBÊXJBA MB[JA HAB[^JG@ /
= Gd Ibterjba
MB[JA XJ\\JG@
JNAE FBXEGB BNBGZB HBMBZB (ADG@[DX, OEIHB^BG
: Mbzbrn
\UÛ[, NAA)
JNAE FBXEGB BNBGZB \EXIB[BABMBG NBXJ KD[ÛIEX,
2< Kustdier \rdhaei [E\EX^J HEAUI BNB \EIHEHB[BG ABMBG UGÛF
NJ[\D[BA, NAA.
22 [trjfe JNAE FBXEGB BNBGZB NEID
JNAE ([^D\) FBXEGB \EXHBJFBG NE[J@G (DSEX KU^ /
28 Nesj`g \rdhaei UGNEX KU^, \EXHBJFBG NE[J@G OBABG, @XBNE, AEHBX
OBABG ) ZBG@ ^JNBF [^BGNBX^
UGJ^ MBUAEX/ADBNEX JG\X ZBG@ JNAE FBXEGB
OUIABMGZB FUXBG@ UGÛF NJD\EXB[JFBG IEGOBNJ
2; Ugner ^rukf/Exk \XDNUK^JSE (IJ[BA FBXEGB UGJ^ [EÊABM XCU ^JNBF
IEGKUFU\J UGÛF NJD\EX[JFBG IEGOBNJ CAEE^ ZBG@
\XDNUK^JSE)
UGJ^ MBUAEX JG\X ZBG@ JNAE FBXEGB OUIABMGZB
HEXAEHJM NJHBGNJG@ NEG@BG \ABG (IJ[BA FBXEGB \B
2> Dver ^rukf AEHJM HB@U[ NBXJ\BNB HUN@E^ Ê^B\J \BXBIEÊX
ZBG@ ABJG [BIB NEG@BG HUN@E^, IBFB ÊXOBNJ
FEAEHJMBG ^XUKF)
JNAE FBXEGB XEBNZ NBXJ HXEBFNDPG/IBJGÊGBGKE
25 X/Ajge Pdrfsmdp UGÛF \EIHB^B[BG PBFÛ HXEBFNDPG/IBJGÊGBGKE
NJ PDXF[MD\
JNAE FBXEGB NBXJ HXEBFNDPG/IBJGÊGBGKE UGÛF
23 X/Ajge bt Crdgt
\EIHB^B[BG PBFÛ HXEBFNDPG/IBJGÊGBGKE NJ \J^
[^BGNHZ FBXEGB UGJ^ ZBG@ NJBADFB[JFBG UGÛF
20 ^XBJGJG@-[^BGNHZ
^XBJGJG@ ^K
[^BÛ[ FMU[U[ NJ[\B^KM, NJIBGB IEIHENBFBG
2= UGJ^ JNP\ [^BÛ[ UGJ^ JNP\ & JG\X. UGÛF NJ [B\ [UNBM
NJABFUFBG NBABI [J[ÊI II\[B
[^BÛ[ FMU[U[ NJ[\B^KM, NJIBGB NEABZ FBXEGB BNB
2: NJ[\B^KM
JG[^BAB[J, KEF B^BU JG[^BAA NJ[\B^KM
NEABZ FBXEGB IEGUG@@U \EG@BPBABG ÊXOBNJ [BB^
8< PBJ^ E[KDX^
[EHEAUI [EXSJKE B^BU \BNB PBFÛ IDSJG@ P[
82 GD NUI\ NEABZ FBXEGB ^JNBF BNB NJ[\D[BA
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 2<<
\bè

JNAE ([^D\) FBXEGB UGJ^ NJ\BXFJXFBG [E[UBJ \ABG, UGJ^

88 E]KE[[ ERUJ\IEG^ JG HUN@E^ ZBG@ NJ\BXFJXFBG IB[JM NBABI MJÛG@BG HUN@E^
NBG NBABI FBÊ@DXJ JG\X.
8; CXDG^ XE\BJX \EXHBJFBG CXDG^, HUFBG \EX[JB\BG CXDG^ HBXU
8> NJ[\D[BA XE\BJX \EXHBJFBG NJ[\D[BA, HUFBG \EX[JB\BG NJ[\D[BA
GD (H) HXEBFNDPG FEÊXBG@BG

2 I^K [kmenuae HXEBFNDPG/IBJGÊGBGKE ZBG@ [UNBM NJXEGKBGBFBG
8 ^jre [kmenuae HXEBFNDPG ^JXE [KMENUAE
; I^K Ugskmenuae
Ugskmenua e HXEBFNDPG ZBG@ ^JNBF NJXEGKBGBFBG
> ^jre Ugskmenuae HXEBFNDPG ^JXE UG[KMENUAE
5 Bkkjnegt HXEBFNDPG BKKJNEG^
3 Xbnjd XBNJD \XDHAEI
5. [tbgnbrjsbsj Fabsjcjfbsj \rdhaei \rdnuktjvjty

GD \XDHAEI \XDNUK^JSJ^Z FEÊXBG@BG
2 Ibterjba Ferbs Habstjg` IBÊXJBA FEXB[ IE[FJ\UG [UNBM NJHAB[^JG@
8 Ibterjba Ferbs Gdg Habstjg` IBÊXJBA FEXB[ FBXEGB ^JNBF ÊXHAB[^JG@
; Ibterjba Auipur IBÊXJBA AUI\UX
> Crbìegtbsj HBGZBF HDUANEX
5 Adbnjg` Cbke ADBNJG@ \BNB NBEXBM CBKE NJ \XD@XE[[ CJGBA NE[J@G
3 Crdgt Kdgnjtjdg
Kdgnjtjd g CXDG^? [EI\J^, CXDG^? ^JNBF XB^B, CXDG^? HEKEF/HEXBJX,
HEKEF/HEXBJ X,
\D[J[J ADBNJG@ ^JNBF [^BGNBXN
0 Xdbn Kdgnjtjdg
Kdgnjtjd g XDBN? [EI\J^, XDBN? HEX@EADIHBG@, XDBN? HEXNEHU
= Njspdsba Kdgnjtjdg
Kdgnjtjd g FDGNJ[J NJ[\D[BA ZBG@ ^JNBF [^BGNBX^
: ^rukf furbg` kbuse Njstbgke ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB NJ[^BGKE
2< ^rukf furbg` Gd Dperbtdr ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB ^JNBF BNB D\EXB^DX
^rukf Furbg` \jt
22 ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB \J^ [^D\/XECUEAJG@
stdp/recueajg`
28 ^rukf Furbg` Pbjt Dperbtdr ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB PBJ^ D\EXB^DX
2; ^rukf Furbg` kbuse \B ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB \B (Hrebfndwg)
2> ^rukf Furbg` Ieba & Xest ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB D\EXB^DX IEBA & XE[^
25 ^rukf Furbg` \rbyjg` ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB D\EXB^DX \XBZJG@
23 ^rukf furbg` [mjct Kmbgè ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB D\EXB^DX [MJC^ KMBG@E
20 ^rukf furbg` ^djaet ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB D\EXB^DX ^DJAE^
^rukf furbg` Dperbtdr
2= ^XUKF FUXBG@ FBXEGB D\EXB^DX CB^JRUE
Cbtjque
ADBNEX IJGDX \XDHAEI NJ\BF[BFBG UGÛF
2: Equjpiegt \rdhaei HEFEXOB(ADBNEX ADP \DPEX,FUFU HUKFE^ ÛI\UA,^XBKF
OBIIEN,NAA)
FUXBG@GZB FEIBI\UBG D\EXB^DX NBABI
8< Dperbtdr sfjaa
IEG@D\EXB[JFBG UGJ^ (D\EXB^DX ^XBJGEE,NAA)
ADBNJG@ IBÊXJBA NJ \EXHB^B[BG AB\J[BG DH NBG KDBA,
82 [eaektjve Adbnjg`
IBÊXJBA HAEGNJG@
FEÊXHB^B[BG OBXBF[UI\
\BGNBG@ BFJHB^ FBHU^, NEHU,
88 Sjsjhjajty
\EGEXBG@BG FUXBG@ ÊXBG@
\EX\JGNBMBG UGJ^ Ê^B\J IB[JM NJ NBABI [BÛ \J^
8; Idvjg` jg \J^ (\JGNBM CXDG^ NBABI [BÛ \J^,NUXB[J FUXBG@ NBXJ 2<
IEGJ^)
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 2<2
\bè

3. Mjerbrkmy ^jie Kbte`drjes (Upnbte)

Bnbabm subtu susugbg tjiefbte`drj njibgb tjiefbte`drj tersehut njfeiufbfbg sehb`bj
herbnb nj ‑btbs ‑ semjg``b iegutupj, ‑hbwbm’ semjg``b tertutupj, btbu pbnb tjg`fbtbg ybg`
sbib neg`bg tjiefbte`drj ybg` abjggyb, sfeib tjie fbte`drj HUIB bnbabm shh ?
0. Dppdrtugjty ^jie Kbte`drjes
Bnbabm subtu susugbg tjie fbte`drj njibgb sbabm sbtu tjiefbte`drj sedabm dabm bfbg
tertutupj tjie fbte`drj abjg, njfbregbfbg bnbgyb feseipbtbg ugtuf ieibfsjibafbg subtu
peferobbg sesubj neg`bg fesepbfbtbg. Kdgtdm? \bnb sbbt muobg iefbgjf ieabfufbg jgspefsj
rjg`bg tbgpb iegeiufbg ferusbfbg nbg drner pbrts ibfb ybg` njrekdrn mbgyb muobg.
=. \mysjkba dc Bvbjabhjajty (%\B)

\mysjkba dc bvbjabhjajty (%\B) bnbabm fetersenjbbg cjsjf subtu babt ybg` herbrtj seherbpb abib
ugjt tersehut herbnb pbnb fdgnjsj ‑bvbjabhae’ btbu ‑sjbp pbfbj’ nbabi sbtu perjdne wbftu.
[ekbrb uiui, permjtug`bg %\B ybjtu ?
B  M

Mrs
rs r
r

 Mrs x 2
Ugtuf permjtug`bg %\B @rdupjg` (tjpe ugjt(j) btbupug gdidr ugjt(o)), nbpbt njruiusfbg
sesubj neg`bg permjtug`bg nbsbr %\B ybjtu ?
B  −  Mrs   − r x 2

−  Mrs
:. Use dc Bvbjabhjajty (%UB)

Use dc Bvbjabhjajty (%UB) ybjtu eceftjcjtbs peg`ùgbbg subtu babt ybg` tersenjb sekbrb cjsjf
ybg` herbrtj seherbpb abib ugjt tersehut eceftjc njùgbfbg ugtuf heferob (wdrfjg`) pbnb
fdgnjsj ybg` ‑sjbp pbfbj’ btbu ‑bvbjabhae’. [ekbrb uiui, permjtug`bg %UB ybjtu ?
UB  Pr

 Mrs  Mrs
Mrs  r  x 2
r
Ugtuf permjtug`bg %UB @rdupjg` (tjpe ugjt(j) btbupug gdidr ugjt (o)), nbpbt njruiusfbg
sesubj neg`bg permjtug`bg nbsbr %UB ybjtu ?
UB  − Pr Mrs x 2

−  Mrs − r
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

2<. \rdnuktjvjty (\ty)
\rdnuftjcjtbs sekbrb uiui nbpbt njnecjgjsjfbg sehb`bj ufurbg eceftjcjtbs peg`ùgbbg
suiher nbyb (jgput) ugtuf ieg`mbsjafbg mbsja (dutput) ybg` dptjiba. Dutput tersehut nbpbt
herupb prdnufsj, aubs ferob breb nsh., senbg`fbg suiher nbyb (jgput) tersehut nbpbt herupb
wbftu, ibgpdwer nsh. [ekbrb uiui, permjtug`bg prdnuktjvjty sehb`bj herjfut ?
rs Prrs
 Mrs
Ugtuf permjtug`bg prdnuftjcjtbs (per ibterjba(i), tjpe ugjt(j) btbupug gdidr ugjt (o)), nbpbt
njruiusfbg sesubj neg`bg permjtug`bg nbsbr prdnuftjcjtbs ybjtu ?

rs  −−Prrs

 Mrs
Njibgb ?
- \rdnuktjdg ybg` njibfsun bnbabm prdnufsj odjgt survey. Bpbhjab tjnbf bnb ibfb
njùgbfbg prdnufsj trukf kdugt.
- Pdrfjg` mdurs ybg` njibfsun ierupbfbg wdrfjg` mdurs ybg` sunbm njtbihbm neg`bg
ègerba bftjcjtbs.
22. Rubgtjty Ugjt (Rty)

\brbieter fubgtjtbs ugjt njufur hernbsbrfbg abibgyb ugjt ybg` herstbtus sehb`bj
JG\X/JG\X
JG\X/JG\ X CIK njhbgnjg`fbg neg`bg tdtba mdurs nbabi sbtu perjdne wbftu.
Kdgtdm ? \bnb huabg Ougj (;< mbrj 9 ;< x 8> mrs 9 08< mrs), E]85<< herdperbsj 25 mbrj (25 x 8>
mrs 9 ;3< mrs). Ibfb fubgtjtbs ugjt (qty) DH E]85<< sehesbr ? ;3< mrs / 08< mrs 9 <.5 ugjt.
[ekbrb uiui, permjtug`bg fubgtjtbs ugjt sehb`bj herjfut ?
JGX Mrs
Fs    Mrs
[enbg`fbg bpbhjab bfbg njmjtug` fubgtjtbs ugjt DH, Kdba Ijgjg`, Kdba ^rbgspdrt nbg Xegtba
nbpbt njmjtug` sehb`bj herjfut ?
Fs  r R Fs   x PM PM

Pr
Njibgb I bnbabm ibterjba DH, Kdba Ijgjg`, Kdba ^rbgspdrt btbu Xegtba.

28. \rdnuktjdg
\rdnufsj ierupbfbg subtu fe`jbtbg ybg` njferobfbg ugtuf iegbihbm gjabj ùgb subtu
hegnb btbu iegkjptbfbg hegnb hbru semjg``b aehjm heribgcbbt nbabi ieiegumj
fehutumbg. Nbabi fbjtbggyb neg`bg nugjb pertbihbg`bg, prdnufsj ybg` njibfsun bnbabm
setjbp bftjcjtbs/fe`jbtbg pegbihbg`bg ybg` njiuabj nbrj abgn kaebrjg` sbipbj neg`bg
peg`bpbabg ybg` nbpbt iegbihbm gjabj revegue nbrj subtu perusbmbbg (hjbsbgyb prdnufsj
DH, Kdba Ijgjg`, nbg Kdba ^rbgspdrtjg`). [ekbrb uiui, permjtug`bg uiui prdnufsj ybjtu ?
Njibgb g ? qubgtjty ugjt

rs x B x UB x  x  Mrs
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 2<;
\bè

\BXBIEÊX \XDNUF[J, ^JIE KBÊ@DXJE[ & JG[EG^JC
IDNUA 28? JG[EG^JC \EG@BPB[

\EG@BPB[

IDNUA 28. JG[EG^JC \EG@BPB[
2. Necjgjsj
Jgsegtjc bnbabm subtu sfeib peg`mbr`bbg btbs prestbsj ferob peg`bwbs ybg` njherjfbg
fepbnb fbrybwbg neg`bg feadipdf obhbtbg setjg`fbt Cdreibg sbipbj neg`bg [upervjsdr
sektjdg \rdnufsj, Eg`jgeerjg`, \abgt, Dperbtjdg ^rbjgjg` Kegter & \abgt ^rbjgjg` Kegter ybg`
y bg`
heferob nj odhsjte hbjf sekbrb tji ibupug jgnjvjnu sehb`bj perbg`sbg` ugtuf iegjg`fbtfbg
fdgtrjhusj nbg pbrtjsjpbsj hbjf sekbrb jgnjvjnu btbupug feadipdf nbabi mba pegkbpbjbg Fey
\ercdribgke Jgnjkbtdr \erusbmbbg nbg neij iegob`b gjabj-gjabj fdipetjtjc perusbmbbg b`br
tjg`fbt fdipetjsj hjsgjs perusbmbbg seibfjg iegjg`fbt.
8. ûoubg
- Ugtuf iegndrdg` pegjg`fbtbg prestbsj, seibg`bt nbg idrba ferob
- Ugtuf iegbgbifbg gjabj-gjabj perusbmbbg fepbnb setjbp fbrybwbg perjmba sbcety,
fenjsjpajgbg nbg fetbbtbg termbnbp perbturbg-perbturbg perusbmbbg
- Njperaufbg sjstei jgsegtjc ybg` seabrbs neg`bg tbrèt perusbmbbg b`br tjg`fbt
fdipetjsj hjsgjs perusbmbbg ybg` neijfjbg fetbt
;. Cdriuabsj \ermjtug`bg Jgsegtjc

Hesbrgyb jgsegtjc ybg` njperdaem bnbabm ?
Feterbg`bg?
[ektjdg \ercdri. ? \ercdrib btbu fjgerob sektjdg
Jgnjvjnuba \ercdri. ? \ercdrib btbu fjgerob jgnjvjnu
[urbt \erjg`btbg ? [urbt \erjg`btbg
\restbsj Feseabibtbg
Feseabibtbg ? \restbsj ferob btbs fetjbnbbg jgsjneg
\egkbpbjbg.. \rdnufsj
\egkbpbjbg ? \egkbpbjbg
\egkbpbjbg tbrèt prdnufsj
>. \brbieter \ermjtug`bg Jgsegtjc

[ekbrb uiui seaurum cbftdr pbnb jgsegtjc njhb`j iegobnj ; (tj`b) pbrbieter hesbr, ybfgj ?
>.2 \rdoekt \brbieter

Bnbabm pegkbpbjbg F\J \rdoekt, ybg` ieg`jfbt seaurum sektjdg ybg` njsehutfbg nbabi [F jgj
ybg` ternjrj nbrj 8 (nub) pbrbieter percdribgke
percdribgke ybfgj ?
- \egkbpbjbg \rdnufsj
- \restbsj Feseabibtbg Ferob
>.8 [ektjdg \brbieter
Bnbabm pbrbieter ybg` terjfbt nj ibsjg`-ibsjg` sektjdg
sektjdg sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm jgj ?
 \rdnufsj
Bnbabm cbftdr ybg` njmjtug` sehb`bj nbsbr pegegtubg peiherjbg jgsegtjc nj sektjdg
\rdnufsj, ybg` njhb`j sesubj tbhea njhbwbm ?
\brbieter [uhpbrbieter Dver Hurneg Kdba \jt [ervjke Equjpiegt

\rdnuftjvj tbs v v v v
Use Dc Bvbj abhj aj ty v v v v
Kdst Bwbregess ^yre Ajcetjie
v v v v
Cuea Xbtjd
Jgtergba \rdkess MI - PM nevj btj dg ( adbner & mbua er) v v v v
[ajppery ( crefuegsj ) v v v v
Odjgt [urvey v v
Adst Pbj t Dperbtdr v v
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

 Eg`jgeerjg`
Eg`jgeerjg`
Eg`jgeerjg`, ybg` njhb`j sesubj tbhea njhbwbm ?
\brbie te r [uhpbrbiete r [urvey Ijge pa bg IKK \jt Eg`j ge e r Nrj aa & Habst
\rdnuftj vjtbs v v v v v
Use Dc Bvbj abhja jty v v v v v
Ugjt Hunèt Kdipajbgke v v v v v
Jgtergba \rdkess MI - PM nevj btjdg (adbner & mbuaer) v v
[X Ij gj g` v v v
Crefuegsj \rdha ei Ibterjba Ferbs / Crbìegtbsj v v v
Odjgt [urvey v v v v
Bfurbsj \btterg v v v
 \abgt
\abgt, ybg` njhb`j sesubj tbhea njhbwbm ?
\brbieter [uhpbrbieter Cdreibg [ uuppervjsdr

Iebg ^j ie Heetweeg [tdp v v
Iebg ^j ie ^d Xepbj r v v
[kmenua a e Ibj gtegbgke v v
Xepbj r & Ibj gtegbgke Kdst v
 Dperbtjdg ^rbjgjg` Kegter

Dperbtjdg ^rbjgjg` Kegter, ybg` njhb`j sesubj tbhea njhbwbm ?
\brbie te
te r [uhpbrbie te
te r Or. Jgstruktdr [
[rr. Jgstruktdr
\rdnuftjvjtbs v v
^yre Aj cetj ie v v
Cuea Xbtj d v v
Jgtergba \rdkess Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg v v
Ne aj very Idnua Dperbtdr v v
Ne aj very Idnua \eg`bwbs v
Odjgt [urvey v v
 \abgt ^rbjgjg` Kegter

Bnbabm cbftdr ybg` njmjtug` sehb`bj nbsbr pegegtubg peiherjbg jgsegtjc nj sektjdg \abgt
^rbjgjg` Kegter, ybg` njhb`j sesubj tbhea njhbwbm ?
\brbie te
te r [uhpbrbie te
te r Or. Jgstruktdr [
[rr. J gs
gstruktdr
Iebg ^j ie He etwe eg [tdp v v
Iebg ^j ie ^d Xepbj r v v
JN\ ^rbj gj g` Exe kutj dg v v
[tbcc Nevea dpiegt Bkm. v v
>.; Jgnjvjnuba \ercdribgke

Bnbabm pegùfurbg pegjabjbg pbrbieter jgnjvjnu sesedrbg` ybg` hertuoubg ugtuf
?
ieiherjfbg bpresjbsj hb`j peg`bwbs ybg` ieijajfj ?
 Jgnjvjnuba \ercdribgke
\ercdribgke
\brbieter \rdnufsj Eg`jgeerjg` \abgt Dperbtjdg ^rbjgjg` Kegter \abgt ^rbjgjg` Kegter
Fe mbnjrbg v v v v v
Kdbkmjg` v
Xe cresm Abpbg`bg v
êbkmjg` Mdurs v
@reeg Kbrn
Dhservbsj û`bs êre gkbgb v v v v v
Jgspefsj Uiui ê re gkbgb v v
 [urbt \erjg`btbg
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

5. Fetegtubg Uiui Jgsegtjc

Fetegtubg uiui ybg` ternbpbt njnbabi jgsegtjc peg`bwbs ?
5.2 Jgsegtjc
Bnbabm hegtuf peg`mbr`bbg ybg` njherjfbg fepbnb fbrybwbg neg`bg feadipdf obhbtbg
setjg`fbt Cdreibg sbipbj neg`bg [upervjsdr sektjdg \rdnufsj, Eg`jgeerjg`, \abgt,
Dperbtjdg ^rbjgjg` Kegter & \abgt ^rbjgjg` Kegter ybg` heferob nj odhsjte sehb`bj
perbg`sbg` ugtuf iegjg`fbtfbg fdgtrjhusj nbg pbrtjsjpbsj hbjf sekbrb jgnjvjnu btbupug
feadipdf nbabi mba pegkbpbjbg Fey \ercdribgke Jgnjkbtdr \erusbmbbg.
5.8 \egkbpbjbg \rdnufsj

Bnbabm perhbgnjg`bg bftuba prdnufsj hernbsbrfbg mbsja survey btbu tjihbg`bg neg`bg
regkbgb btbu tbrèt prdnufsj ybg` njregkbgbfbg nbg njsetuouj, njmjtug` hernbsbrfbg bftuba
pegkbpbjbg yebr td nbte.
nbte.
Hesbrbg gjabj pegkbpbjbg prdnufsj yebr td nbte ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea
njhbwbm jgj?
Njhbwbm tbrèt [esubj tbrèt Jstjiewb
\egkbpbjbg \rdnufsj 1 2<<,<<% 2<<,<<% - 2<5,<<% 7 2<5,<<%
Jgnefs Jgsegtjc :<% 2<<% 2<5%
5.; \restbsj Feseabibtbg Ferob

Bnbabm pegkbpbjbg prestbsj feseabibtbg ferob fbrybwbg ybg` njufur nbrj ^JCX ybg` njkbpbj
& njmjtug` sekbrb huabgbg. Hesbrbg gjabj prestbsj feseabibtbg ferob ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc
sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm jgj ?
?
\restbsj Feseabibtbg Ferob Cbtbaajty ^dtba Adss ^JCX 7 Hbtbs ^JCX ≮ Hbtbs Gd Jgkjnegt
Jgnefs Jgsegtjc <% ;<% 0<% 2<<% 2<5%
5.> [urbt \erjg`btbg

Bnbabm surbt ybg` njherjfbg fepbnb fbrybwbg semuhug`bg neg`bg peabg``brbg btbs bturbg
perusbmbbg ybg` njabfufbg daem fbrybwbg. [urbt perjg`btbg ybg` njterjib peferob mbgyb
herabfu pbnb huabg njtbgnbtbg`bgjgyb surbt, bpbhjab nbabi sbtu huabg ieiperdaem aehjm
nbrj sbtu surbt perjg`btbg ibfb ybg` herabfu ugtuf permjtug`bg jgsegtjc bnbabm surbt
perjg`btbg neg`bg tjg`fbtbg tertjg``j. [etjbp surbt perjg`btbg ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc
sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm jgj ?
?
[urbt \erjg`btbg [\ ^jg`fbt JJJ [\ ^jg`fbt JJ [\ ^jg`fbt J ^jnbf bnb [\

Jgnefs Jgsegtjc 85% 5<% 05% 2<<%
5.5 Fembnjrbg
Bnbabm fesesubjbg ouiabm fembnjrbg fbrybwbg nbabi sbtu huabg neg`bg obnwba wbojh
mbnjrgyb. Fembnjrbg fbrybwbg ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm jgj ?
\rdsegtbse Fembnjrbg 1 2<<,<<% 2<<,<<%

Jgnefs Jgsegtjc =<% 2<<%
5.3 Kdbkmjg`
Bnbabm tjg`fbt pegkbpbjbg kdbkmjg` termbnbp dperbtdr ybg` iegobnj tbg`ùg` obwbhgyb.
\egkbpbjbg kdbkmjg` termbnbp dperbtdr ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea
njhbwbm ?
?
\rdsegtbse Kdbkmjg` 1 2<<,<<% 2<<,<<%
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

5.0 Xecresm Abpbg`bg

Bnbabm fe`jbtbg recresm dperbtdr btbupug peg`bwbs neg`bg tuoubg ieieajmbrb
feibipubggyb nbabi ieabfsbgbfbg tu`bs nbg tbg`ùg` obwbhgyb sesubj neg`bg
prdsenur, prdnuftjc nbg ecjsjeg. \egkbpbjbg recresm abpbg`bg ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj
neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm
njhbwbm
Xecresm abpbg`bg 1 2<<,<<% 2<<,<<%

5.= êbkmjg` Mdurs

Bnbabm pegkbpbjbg ouiabm obi ieg`bobr daem ibsjg`-ibsjg` \abgt Jgstruktdr sjte, hbjf
bftjvjtbs ieg`bobr jg-kabss ibupug Dg tme Odh Jgstruktjdg (DOJ). \egkbpbjbg tersehut
njperdaem nbrj bktuba obi ieg`bobr herhbgnjg` tbrèt obi ieg`bobr, njibgb tbrèt obi
ieg`bobr termjtug` fetjfb Zhs bftjc heferob nbg herbnb nj sjte. \egkbpbjbg kdbkmjg`
termbnbp dperbtdr ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm ?
\rdsegtbse êbkmjg` Mdurs 1 2<<,<<% 2<<,<<%

5.: Fepenuajbg Fesembtbg & Feseabibtbg Ferob

Ierupbfbg perwuounbg tu`bs nbg tbg`ùg` obwbh peg`bwbs nbabi iegob`b fesembtbg &
feseabibtbg
feseabibtbg ferob fbrybwbg neg`bg ieabfsbgbfbg dhservbsj ibupug jgspefsj.
êrnjrj nbrj ?
2. @reegkbrn
bnbabm hegtuf fepenuajbg peg`bwbs pbnb feseabibtbg
feseabibtbg ferob ybg` njwuounfbg ieabauj
perhbjfbg ybg` njabfufbg
njabfufbg hbjf sekbrb abg`sug`
abg`sug` ibupug tjnbf
tjnbf abg`sug`. \egkbpbjbg
\egkbpbjbg
perdaembg `reegkbrn ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhae njhbwbm?
@reegkbrn 1 2<<,<<% 2<<,<<%
8. Dhservbsj û`bs êregkbgb

Bnbabm prd`rbi ybg` hersjcbt prdbftjc ybg` njabfufbg daem peg`bwbs sekbrb terobnwba
ugtuf ieg`jnegtjcjfbsj tjgnbfbg tjnbf bibg sbbt fbrybwbg ieabfufbg bftjvjtbs
neg`bg ieihbgnjg`fbg urutbg abg`fbm ybg` bnb nbabi O[B\. \egkbpbjbg perdaembg
Dhservbsj û`bs êregkbgb ieijajfj
ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm ?
D^^ 1 2<<,<<% 2<<,<<%
;. Jgspefsj Uiui êregkbgb

Bnbabm prd`rbi
prd`rbi ybg` njregkbgbfbg nbg hersjcbt prdbftjc ugtuf ieg`jnegtjcjfbsj
fdgnjsj / sjtubsj ybg` tjnbf bibg nj teipbt ferob ybg` herpdtegsj sehb`bj pegyehbh
terobnjgyb jgsjneg btbu fdgnjsj / sjtubsj ybg` tjnbf sesubj neg`bg stbgnbr ybg`
njtetbpfbg. JU^ peg`bwbs dperbsjdgba tbihbg` nbpbt nj`bgtjfbg neg`bg JM^ (Jgspefsj
Mbrjbg ^bihbg`) ybg` njaeg`fbpj neg`bg \JKB. \egkbpbjbg perdaembg Jgspefsj Uiui
êregkbgb ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm ?
JU^ 1 2<<,<<% 2<<,<<%
5.2< \rdnuftjcjtbs
Bnbabm feibipubg babt nbabi herprdnufsj
herprdnufsj tjbp sbtu sbtubg wbftu, nbabi mba jgj sbtu obi.
Fmusus peg`bwbs DH & Kdba, prdnuftjcjtbs bfbg njufur sesubj neg`bg ugjt ybg` nj bwbsj
ieg`jfutj stbgnbr peg`bwbsbg ybg` herabfu. \egkbpbjbg prdnuftjcjtbs babt ieijajfj jgnefs
jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm ?
?
\rdnuftjvjtbs 1 =5,<<% =5,<<% - :5,<<% :5,<<% - 2<<,<<% 7 2<<,<<%

Jgnefs \ercdribgke Headw Bverbè Bverbè Dg ^brèt Exkeaaegke
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 2<=
\bè

5.22 Use dc Bvbjabhjajty
Bnbabm persegtbse nbrj tjg`fbt peg`dperbsjbg/ peibfbjbg (wdrfjg` mdurs) babt
njhbgnjg`fbg neg`bg tjg`fbt fesjbpbg babt ugtuf njdperbsjfbg/ bvbjabhae (wdrfjg` mdurs +
stbgnhy). \egkbpbjbg use dc bvbjabhjajty babt ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea
njhbwbm ?
UB 1 =5,<<% =5,<<% - :5,<<% :5,<<% - 2<<,<<% 7 2<<,<<%

5.28 Ugjt Hunèt Kdipajbgke
Bnbabm peg`ùgbbg ugjt sesubj pabg ybg` teabm njtetbpfbg nbg njsetuouj, ybg` njmjtug`
hernbsbrfbg ouiabm ugjt mbuaer, adbner nbg ugjt suppdrt per type (gdg bux). \egkbpbjbg
ugjt hunèt kdipajbgke babt ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm ?
Kdipajbgke 7 22<,<<% 2<5,<<% - 22<,<<% 2<<,<<% - 2<5,<<% 1 2<<,<<%

5.2; [trjppjg` Xbtjd ([X) Ijgjg`

Bnbabm perhbgnjg`bg bgtbrb dverhurneg (HKI) neg`bg kdba èttjg` (^dg) sesubj neg`bg
pabg ybg` teabm njtetbpfbg nbg njsetuouj. Njmjtug` hernbsbrfbg seajsjm bktuba neg`bg pabg
[X, njhbgnjg`fbg neg`bg pabg [X. \egkbpbjbg strjppjg` rbtjd ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj
neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm ?
[X Ijgjg` 72<,<<% 5,<<% - 2<,<<% 5,<<% - 2,<<% 1 2,<<%

5.2> \rdhaei Ibterjba Ferbs & Crbìegtbsj Habstjg`

Bnbabm hbgybfgyb crefuegsj prdhaei nbrj ibterjba ferbs nbg / btbu crbìegtbsj habstjg`
ybg` teabm njvbajnbsj sesubj neg`bg bturbggyb. \egegtubg tbrèt crefuegsj setjbp sjte
njprdpdrsjdgbafbg termbnbp prdnuktjdg tbrèt, njmjtug` per-caeet per obi, ieg`bku pbnb
tbrèt ybg` teabm njtetbpfbg. Hbtbs tdaerbgsj prdhaei ibterjba ferbs & crbìegtbsj habstjg`
ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm ?
\rdhaei 7 225,<<% 2<5,<<% - 225,<<% 2<<,<<% - 2<5,<<% 1 2<<,<<%

5.25 Bfurbsj \btterg
Bnbabm bfurbsj hurneg & spbkjg` bktuba termbnbp pabg nesbjg èdietrj ybg` sunbm njhubt
nbg nbtbgyb nj pjkf up daem survey (ijgjiba 3<% nbrj tdtba auhbg` ybg` bnb). Bfurbsj
\btterg ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm ?
Bfurbsj \btterg 1 :<,<<% :<,<<% - :8,<<% :8,<2% - :5,<<% 7:5,<<%

5.23 MI - PM Nevjbtjdg
Bnbabm perhbgnjg`bg bgtbrb seajsjm MI neg`bg PM ugjt prdnufsj termbnbp MI ugjt
tersehut. Hbtbs tdaerbgsj nevjbsj MI - PM ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea?
MI-PM Nevjbtjdg 72<,<<% btbu 1 <% 5,52% - 2<,<<% >,52% ‛ 5,5<% <% - >,5<%
E g`jgeerjg`
dgtrda K egtre | \bè | 2<:
\bè

5.20 Cuea Xbtjd
Bnbabm tjg`fbt peg`ùgbbg hbmbg hbfbr per ugjt prdnufsj (2 Ugjt 9 Hki + ^dg) ugtuf
pegkbpbjbg vdauie (Hki + ^dg) ieg`bku pbnb pegkbpbjbg vdauie prdnufsj nbabi sbtu
perjdne tertegtu. \egkbpbjbg cuea rbtjd ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea?
Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg 7 225,<<% 2<5,<<% - 225,<<% 2<<,<<% - 2<5,<<% 1 2<<,<<%

5.2= Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg
Bnbabm tjg`fbt peg`ùgbbg hbmbg hbfbr ugjt nbabi sbtu perjdne wbftu tertegtu (ajter /
Mdurs). \egkbpbjbg cuea kdgsuiptjdg ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhae njhbwbm?
Cuea Kdgsuiptjdg 7 225,<<% 2<5,<<% - 225,<<% 2<<,<<% - 2<5,<<% 1 2<<,<<%

5.2: [ajppery
Bnbabm abibgyb wbftu terhubg` seteabm muobg bfbg tetbpj ugjt heaui ibipu herprdnufsj.
Abibgyb wbftu sajppery ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm?
[ajppery 7 225,<<% 2<5,<<% - 225,<<% 2<<,<<% - 2<5,<<% 1 2<<,<<%

5.8< ^yre Ajcetjie
Abibgyb uiur tyre ybg` ibipu njkbpbj, njmjtug` nbrj ajcetjie ibjg ugjt ybfgj tyre neg`bg
aehbr tbpbf ≥ 80.<< ugtuf peg`bwbs \jt senbg`fbg tyre ugjt N^ ;< ^dg nbg ^ rbjaer ugtuf
peg`bwbs Mbuajg`. \egkbpbjbg
\egkbpbjbg ^yre Ajcetjie ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea?
^yre Ajcetjie 1 =5,<<% =5,<<% - :5,<<% :5,<<% - 2<<,<<% 7 2<<,<<%

5.82 Odjgt [urvey
\erhbgnjg`bg bgtbrb vdauie bktuba ybg` njpjgnbmfbg hernbsbrfbg mbsja survey btbu
tjihbg`bg neg`bg vdauie ibterjba ybg` njbg`fut daem trukf hernbsbrfbg iubtbg stbgnbr.
Njufur sekbrb huabgbg sesubj neg`bg kut dc nbte ibsjg`-ibsjg`
ibsjg`-ibsjg` sjte. ^daerbgsj pegkbpbjbg
odjg survey ieijajfj
ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`
neg`bg
bg tbhea njhbwbm?
njhbwbm?
Odjgt [urvey 7² 5,<<% ²;,<2% - ²5,<<% ²2,<2% - ²;,<<% 1²2,<<%

5.88 Pbjt Dperbtdr
Abibgyb wbftu terhubg` sbbt ugjt sjbp njdperbsjfbg ybg` njsehbhfbg fbregb heaui bnb
dperbtdr ybg` ieg`dperbsjfbggyb. Hbtbs tdaerbgsj Pbjt Dperbtdr ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc
sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm?
Pbjt Dperbtdr 7 5,<< Iegjt 8,<2 - 5,<< Iegjt <,<2 - 8,<< Iegjt <,<< Iegjt
5.8; Idnua Neajvery Dperbtdr

\egkbpbjbg peiherjbg ibterj jgkabss/pbskb kutj termbnbp dperbtdr sesubj neg`bg pabg
neajvery ybg` njnbsbrfbg pbnb nevjbsj pegètbmubg, sertb peiherjbg ibterj herfbjtbg
neg`bg pegjg`fbtbg feibipubg nbg fubajtbs ieg`dperbsjfbg babt. \egkbpbjbg idnua

neajvery dperbtdr ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm?
IN Dperbtdr 1 =5,<<% =5,<<% - :5,<<% :5,<<% - 2<<,<<% 7 2<<,<<%
E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

5.8> Idnua Neajvery \eg`bwbs

\egkbpbjbg peiherjbg ibterj jgkabss/pbskb kutj termbnbp peg`bwbs sesubj neg`bg pabg
neajvery ybg` njnbsbrfbg pbnb nevjbsj pegètbmubg. \egkbpbjbg idnua neajvery peg`bwbs
ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm?
IN \eg`bwbs 1 =5,<<% =5,<<% - :5,<<% :5,<<% - 2<<,<<% 7 2<<,<<%

5.85 I^H[
I^H[ (Iebg ^jie Hetweeg [tdppbès) bnbabm bg`fb ybg` iegugouffbg tjg`fbt
feperkbybbg termbnbp babt nbabi ieiegumj tuoubg ybg` njmbrbpfbg, ybg` njmjtug` nbrj
herbpb obi rbtb-rbtb babt hjsb herdperbsj tbgpb ter`bg`ù/hermegtj fbregb skmenuae nbg
ugskmenuae ibjgtegbgke. \egkbpbjbg iebg tjie hetweeg stdp ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc
sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm?
I^H[ 1 5<,<2 Obi 5<,<2 ‛ 55,<< Obi 55,<2 ‛ 3<,<< Obi 7 3< Obi

5.83 I^^X
I^^X (Iebg ^jie ^d Xepbjr) bnbabm bg`fb ybg` iegugouffbg gjabj rbtb-rbtb obi
hrebfndwg/abibgyb
hrebfndwg/abibgyb wbftu perhbjfbg ugtuf seiub ugjt equjpiegt ybg` hermegtj.
\egkbpbjbg iebg tjie td repbjr ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm?
I^^X 78<,<< Obi 25,<2 ‛ 8<,<< Obi 2<,<2- 25,<< Obi 1 2<,<2 Obi
5.80 [I
[I ([kmenuaen Ibjgtegbgke) bnbabm bg`fb ybg` iegugouffbg prdsegtbse nbrj ndwgtjie
ybg` sunbm njobnwbafbg njhbgnjg`fbg neg`bg tdtba ndwgtjie.
\egkbpbjbg skmenuaae ibjgtegbke ieijajfj
ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm?
[I 1 >5,<2% >5,<2% - 5<,<<% 5<,<2% - 55,<<% 7 55,<<%

5.8= XI Kdst
XI (Xepbjr & Ibjgtegbgke) bnbabm hesbrgyb hjbyb ybg` njfeaubrfbg nbabi rbg`fb
perhbjfbg nbg perbwbtbg ugjt ybg` njhbgnjg`fbg neg`bg Xevegue perusbmbbg nj huabg
termjtug`. \egkbpbjbg repbjr & ibjgtegbgke kdst ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg
tbhea njhbwbm?
XI Kdst 7 22<,<<% 22<,<<% - 2<<,<2% 2<<,<<% - :<,<2% 1 :<,<2%

5.8: JN\ ^rbjgjg` Exekutjdg

Bnbabm pegkbpbjbg tbrèt peabfsbgbbg trbjgjg` JN\ (Jgnjvjnuba Neveadpiegt \abg).
\egkbpbjbg ^rbjgjg` Exekutjdg ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm?
JN\ ^rbjg. Exekutjdg 1 :<,<<% :<,<<% - :5,<<% :5,<2% - ::,::% 7 ::,::%

5.;< [tbcc Neveadpiegt Bkmjveiegt.

Bnbabm pegkbpbjbg tbrèt peabfsbgbbg peabtjmbg ybg` njabfsbgbfbg daem \abgt ^rbjgjg`
Kegter ugtuf \abgt [tbcc. \egkbpbjbg ^rbjgjg` Exekutjdg ieijajfj jgnefs jgsegtjc sesubj
neg`bg tbhea njhbwbm?
[tbcc Neveadpiegt Bkm. 1 :<,<<% :<,<<% - :5,<<% :5,<2% - ::,::% 7 ::,::%

E g`jgeerjg`
\bè

3. Fetegtubg Fmusus Jgsegtjc

Fetegtubg Fmusus ybg` terterb nj jgsegtjc sehb`bj herjfut ?
- \erjdne permjtug`bg jgsegtjc cdreibg & supervjsdr bnbabm nbrj tbg``ba 2 sbipbj neg`bg
bfmjr huabg, nbg jgsegtjc njterjib pbnb perjdne peg``bojbg huabg herjfutgyb.
- Herjtb bkbrb jgsegtjc njhubt sesubj neg`bg cdribt abipjrbg, nbg njboufbg ugtuf
njtbgnbtbg`bgj daem Njvjsjdg Mebn ybg` hersbg`futbg ibfsjiba 5 (ajib) mbrj seteabm
njtbgnbtbg`bgj
tutup hufu peg``bojbg huabg herjfutgyb.
- Bpbhjab terobnj peruhbmbg bkubg tbrèt hbjf fbregb fdgnjsj btbupug perijgtbbg
kustdier, mbrus iegnbpbtfbg persetuoubg Njvjsjdg Mebn ybg` hersbg`futbg & Husjgess
Ugjt ijg`ù terbfmjr seheaui huabg herobabg.
- \eg`bwbs ybg` njgybtbfbg sbfjt herfepbgobg`bg
herfepbgobg`bg (seobf njfeaubrfbggyb surbt feterbg`bg
nbrj Ndfter) perdaembg jgsegtjcgyb njhb`j iegobnj 8 ybfgj ?
- Ojfb \eg`bwbs sbfjt herfepbgobg`bg furbg` nbrj sehuabg ibfb hermbf ieiperdaem
jgsegtjc sesubj fetegtubg ybg` herabfu.
- Ojfb peg`bwbs sbfjt herfepbgobg`bg seabib sbtu huabg pegum ibfb tjnbf hermbf
ieiperdaem Jgsegtjc.
- \eg`bwbs ybg` iegjg``bafbg
iegjg``bafbg odhsjte njfbregbfbg pegu`bsbg
pegu`bsbg sbtu huabg pegum ibfb
jgnjvjnuba percdribgke njmjtug` sehb`bj bg`fb ibfsjiba.
- \eg`bwbs ybg` herbnb nj odhsjte ybg` tjnbf herprdnufsj hbjf jtu nbabi prdses ieihufb
btbupug iegutup prdyef bfbg ieiperdaem jgsegtjc ybg` bfbg njbtur tersegnjrj.
- Ojfb fdipdgeg peg`mjtug` percdribgke (ajmbt abipjrbg) ieaehjmj 2;<% ibfb njmjtug`
sehb`bj 2;<% , ojfb furbg` nbrj 0<% ibfb njmjtug` sehb`bj 0<%
0. Fetegtubg Abjg-abjg

 Mba abjg ybg` heaui njtegtufbg sekbrb oeabs btbu heaui njbtur nbabi surbt feputusbg
njrefsj jgj bfbg nj btur aehjm abgout nbabi sbtu fetegtubg tersegnjrj ybg` njsesubjfbg
neg`bg fehutumbg.
 Bpbhjab tergybtb ternbpbt fefurbg`bg btbu fefeajrubg nbabi [urbt Feputusbg Njrefsj jgj,
ibfb bfbg njabfufbg perhbjfbg btbu pegyesubjbg sehb`bjibgb iestjgyb

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Feiegterjbg Eger`j nbg [uiher Nbyb Ijgerba (E[NI) ieg`jgcdribsjfbg hbmwb

IBF[UN NBG ^UOUBG \EAB^JMBG

Fbius fdipetegsj nbpbt njajmbt nj mbabibg herjfutgyb ?

FBIU[ FDI\E^EG[J U^BIB IKK

2. \eg`eadabbg Nbtb \rdnufsj

8. \egyusugbg Abpdrbg \rdnufsj

;. \egyusugbg \rd`ress Kabji \eihbybrbg

>. \egyusugbg Dperbtjdgba Hun`et

5. ^jie Ibgb`eiegt & Jgsegtjc

IDNUA ;? \EG@EGBABG JG^E@XB[J CI[ ‛ [B\ ..............................................

IDNUA >? B\AJFB[J & JI\AEIEG^B[J

IDNUA 3? NB[BX & BFUXB[J [KMENUAE [EXSJKE...........................................

>. Baur \rdses Bfurbsj [kmenuae [ervjke ..........................................................

>. \ermjtug`bg BCKB .................................................................................................................

3. Cuea (AB^, HG0, BNX, FNK, NMB) ...........................................................................................

2. Necjgjsj Hun`et nbg ^br`et ...............................................................

3. _erd-Hbsen Hun`etjg` (Bg``brbg

IDNUA 22? ^JIE IBGB@EIEG^

>. Mjerbrkmy ^jie Ibgb`eiegt

0. Dppdrtugjty ^jie Kbte`drjes .............................................................................................

;. Cdriuabsj \ermjtug`bg Jgsegtjc ..........................................................................................

\EG@EADABBG NB^B \XDNUF[J

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

2. Abtbr Heabfbg`

- Ieiherjfbg pbgnubg fepbnb Eg`jgeerjg` nbg \rdnufsj ugtuf iegkdkdf

;. \bgnubg Ieabfufbg Xekdgkjae Xbw Nbtb Dperbsjdgba

semjg``b tjnbf njperaufbg ab`j rekdgkjae abgoutbg.

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

b. Odhsjte ? Njtuajs gbib odhsjte sesubj bktuba

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

;.;.8. ^rbgsbfsj Mdurs

Eg`jgeerjg` Kdipetegky Neveadpiegt ‛ Ijge Kdgtrda Kegtre

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

;.;.>. Xekdgkjae njabfufbg neg`bg ieg``ugbfbg cdri rekdgkjae sepertj njbtbs ?

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

>. \brbieter \egegtubg \ermjtug`bg Xekdgkjae Xbw Nbtb Dperbsjdgba

b. Idgjtdrjg` \rdnufsj neg`bg kbrb ?

Hbgnjg`fbg neg`bg [B\ nbg bpbhjab terobnj perhenbbg

h. Idgjtdrjg` ^jiesmeet neg`bg ieg`jsjfbg teipabte shh ?

Ouiabm Cdri ^jiesmeet K^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

IDNUA 2. FEIBI\UBG XEKDGKJAE XBP NB^B

n. Ieg`mjtug` idgjtdrjg` tersehut neg`bg teipabte shh ?

Kdgtrda & Idgjtdrjg` Xbw Nbtb

Herabfu ugtuf DH, KI nbg K^

\EG@EADABBG NB^B \XDNUF[J

IDNUA 8? \EG@UFUXBG BFUXB[J XBP NB^B & XE\DX^

IDNUA 8. \EG@UFUXBG BFUXB[J XBP NB^B & XE\DX^

2. Abtbr Heabfbg`

;. \erbturbg & Fehjobfbg Herfbjtbg neg`bg Xbw Nbtb

>. \eg`ufurbg Bfurbsj Xbw Nbtb

IDNUA 8. \EG@UFUXBG BFUXB[J XBP NB^B & XE\DX^

IDNUA 8. \EG@UFUXBG BFUXB[J XBP NB^B & XE\DX^

- Peefay EKB Xepdrt ? ^br`et [egjg <=.<< PJH

k. Cdaadw Up nbtb repdrt

IDNUA 8. \EG@UFUXBG BFUXB[J XBP NB^B & XE\DX^

n. [kdrjg` Bfurbsj Xepdrt Nbtb

Gjabj \egkbpbjbg ‑Bvbjabhjajty Nbtb Xepdrt’ njfbajfbg 3<%, (gdtbsj? B)

\EG@EADABBG NB^B \XDNUF[J