ELP_HFUHGLFP - E&E <l

UHMLIHP IBPUH EL ELP_HFUHGLFP L^Z Lolbtks Pbstlch

Q8-==S
Q8-07S ELP_HFUHGLFP PK@BHBP
8 8 Hphräf`bh Nkrrãvli -8 _k`ä tlc uch hphräf`bh mlc hmhbxk ek ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Htuhçàk l Zlfhibehels el -= lc tkeks ks
(Nkrrãvli / Ckfstruksh) pheràk, htâ clsck phrh h suh lspâ`bl. tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs qul lfvkivhc k @hrbsch, lx`ltk Helstrhr
Hfbchbs l bfcbehr.

= Ckfstruksh -= _k`ä tlc uch hphräf`bh hssusthekrh, htâ ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tkeks ks tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs qul
clsck phrh h suh lspâ`bl l hfbchbs. lfvkivhc k @hrbsch, lx`ltk Bfcbehr, k quhi rl`lmlrè uc mõfus.el +=.
= 0 Hzhrhek -8 _k`ä `hrrlgh uc trlclfek hzhr `kfsbgk, ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc uc tlstl slu, htâ uch vlz pkr slssàk, h `rbtârbk ek
lvlftuhiclftl inl `rbhfek higufs clstrl.
`kftrhtlcpks.

0 5 Hzbhgk -8 Lcmkrh fàk inl hltl ebrlthclftl, vk`ä Urhfscbtl uch dkgheh lc Elsvhfthglc uc tlstl el uc hibhek, htâ uch vlz
`hrrlgh uc trlclfek hzhr, qul lvlftuhiclftl pkr slssàk, h `rbtârbk ek clstrl.
pkel `rbhr `kftrhtlcpks phrh hqulils qul Kms. 
Kms. K mõfus el Lxp. pkr lolbtk eh elsvhfthglc vhb phrh hqulil qul skorlu k
lstàk h suh vkith.  prlduãzk.

5 < @hrh`tlrãs`hs Ebsfths -8 _k`ä tlc `hrh`tlrãs`hs ebsfths qul hzlc ]l`lml elsvhfthglfs lc quhbsqulr tlstls el phrh sl Ebshrçhr, phsshr
`kc qul hs plsskhs ilcmrlc mlc el vk`ä l elsplr`lmbek ku tlfthr ofgbr slr kutrh plsskh. @kftuek, thcmâc bcpül
qul sldh cubtk eb`bi sl ls`kfelr, htâ phrh Elsvhfthglc h qulc tlfthr phsshr-sl pkr vk`ä.
plsskhs el kutrhs lspâ`bls.

< ? @kcpkrthclftk Hfssk`bhi Bfhelquhek -8 _k`ä tlc uc pâssbck `kcpkrthclftk,

`kcpkrthclftk, uch ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Zlrsuhsàk. Zlrcbtl trk`hr uch el Zlrã`bh
(Bfhelquhek / Hsqulrksk) hith el trhquldk sk`bhi qul htrhphinh suhs sk`bhi pkr uc @kfnl`bclftk `kck plrã`bh el @ihssl.
rlihçüls.

7 Hsqulrksk -= _k`ä tlc

chbkrbh uc
ehs `kcpkrthclftk
lspâ`bls lftlfelctlrrãvli qul h
pkr rlpuisbvk ]l`lml
plrã`bhshutkch`hclftl Elsvhfthglc
qul lfvkivhc @hrbsch. Fàk pkellc
tlrtlstls el nhmbibehel,
prko`bäf`bh rlsbstäf`bh
lc plrã`bhs sk`bhbs ll
ku hsqulrksk, sldh fàk tkchr mhfnks, `uspbr pkel hebqubrbr htâ uch prko`bäf`bh lc quhiqulr plrã`bh, fàk sk`bhi,
rlplvhclftl, sl `kçhr `kfsthtlclftl, lt`. bfelplfelftl el @ihssl.
Lssl `kcpkrthclftk htrhphinh grhvlclftl
suhs rlihçüls.

? > @kvhrebh -0 _k`ä fuf`h kb cubtk `krhdksk. Fàk `kstuch ]l`lml -5 lc Bfb`bhvh (lx`ltk phrh ugbr), l skrl Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el
lftrhr lc `kfrkftks, `kck thcmâc, â Bfcbehr l Lfghfhçàk. Hbfeh, skrl Elsvhfthglc lc quhbsqulr tlstls el
h`biclftl hclerkfthek. rlsbstäf`bh `kftrh Clek.

7 2 Obxhçàk Htrhçàk Brrlsbsvli -8 _k`ä â lxtrlchclftl elvkthek ku hoxbkfhek

h oxbkfhek Plcprl qul hvbsthr higk qul `nhcl suh htlfçàk, uc lfbgch ku slgrlek, elvl
pkr higk. Ls`kinh higk qul `kstuch htrhbr suh rlhibzhr uc tlstl el rlsbstäf`bh @hrbsch (@E 8<) phrh lvbthr h ebstrhçàk.
htlfçàk. Lfquhftk lsvlr ebstrhãek, quhiqulr kutrh hvbehel qul fàk sldh lc mus`h
el skiu`bkfhr h `urbksbehel tlc skrlc Elsvhfthglc.

@urbksbehel @rõfb`h -= _k`ä â lxtrlchclftl `urbksk, bftrkclek l Plcprl qul hvbsthr higk qul `nhcl suh htlfçàk, uc lfbgch ku slgrlek, elvl
trhvlssk. Xuhiqulr `kbsh qul mrbinl, qul sldh rlhibzhr uc tlstl el rlsbstäf`bh @hrbsch (@E 8<) phrh lvbthr h ebstrhçàk.
cubtk eblrlftl ku clsck uc lfbgch ku Lfquhftk lsvlr ebstrhãek, quhiqulr kutrh hvbehel qul fàk sldh lc mus`h
slgrlek, htrhb suh htlfçàk. el skiu`bkfhr h `urbksbehel tlc skrlc Elsvhfthglc.

> 8: Elplfelftls ku Zrktlgbek -8 _k`ä tlchiguc

qul, pkr uc elplfelftl
ckvk, inlku uc slr bfellsk
h`kcphfnh Plcprl qul slu
Elsvhfthglc lcprktlgbek lsvlrel
tkeks ks tlstls lcNhmbibehel,
plrbgk ku skm hclhçh lvk`ä
]lsbstäf`bh skrlLc
Zlrã`bhs.
`kfsthftlclftl, l quhsl slcprl lstè lc `hsk el hil`bclftk ku plreh ek prktlgbek, skrlrè uc iutk (Hmhihek),
plrbgk. `hushfek -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstls pkr uch slchfh. H phrr el
lftàk, elvlrè hzlr tlstls el rlsbstäf`bh @hrbsch (@E 8<) phrh suplrhr k iutk.
Zkelfek slr rlplek h `heh slchfh.
K clstrl susmstubrè k ellbtk pkr uch plrturmhçàk hk ofhi ek iutk, ku k
 dkghekr elvlrè lf`kftrhr kutrk Zrktlgbek.
Zrktlgbek.

2 88 Eb`uiehel el Ohih -8 _k`ä tlc uch grhfel ebo`uiehel el hih, sldh ]l`lml -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks
t keks ks tlstls el Nhmbibehel l Zlrã`bhs qul
pkr uch ghgulbrh, skthqul krtl, ibfguh prlsh, Lfvkivhc @hrbsch l 8:% el hinh lc chgbhs `kc `kcpkflftls vlrmhbs.
lt`.

8: 8= Oè`bi el El`borhr Elshdlbthek -8 _k`ä tlc ebo`uiehel phrh clfr. ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Lfghfhçàk.
80 (Elshdlbthek / Uru`uilftk) Uru`uilftk -= _k`ä fàk tlc quhiqulr dlbtk phrh clfr ku ]l`lml Elshfthglc lc tlstls el Lfghfhçàk, Ourvbehel l Zrlsebgbthçàk.
rlhibzhr htks urvks ku qul bcprls`bfel el
`lrth chiã`bh.

88 85 Bftkilríf`bh Pk`bhi / ^lfkokmbh -8 _k`ä â prl`kf`lbtuksk `kc higuch rhçh, ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc quhbsqulr tlstls el Nhmbibehel l Zlrã`bhs qul
gäflrk, grupk, lt`. Fàk shml ibehr `kc lils, fàk lfvkivhc @hrbsch quhftk bftlrhgl `kc k hivk ek slu prl`kf`lbtk. Fàk sl
supkrth l fàk `kftrkih bssk. hpib`h lc tlstls el Bfcbehçàk
B fcbehçàk..

8= 8< Cè ]lputhçàk Eltlstèvli -8 _k`ä tlc uch rlputhçàk eltlstèvli, hzlfek ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tkeks ks tlstls el Nhmbibehel l Zlrã`bhs qul
(Eltlstèvli / Hmkcbfèvli) `kc qul tkeks qul h `kfnlçhc sldhc hrrlebks lfvkivhc @hrbsch `kc qulc `kfnl`lr ku els`kmrbr suh rlputhçàk. \c lrrk
fhs rlihçüls bftlrplsskhbs. `rã`k lc quhbsqulr tlstls sk`bhbs rlvlih suh rlputhçàk.

8? Hmkcbfèvli -= _k`ä tlc uch rlputhçàk eltlstèvli, hzlfek ]l`lml hutkch`hclftl Elsvhfthglc lc quhbsqulr tlstls el Nhmbibehel l
`kc qul tkeks qul h `kfnlçhc sldhc lvbthc Zlrã`bhs qul lfvkivhc @hrbsch, pkr lsthr slcprl tlfthfek ls`kfelr suh
quhbsqulr rlihçüls bftlrplsskhbs. Hiâc ebssk, nè rlputhçàk.
uch grhfel `nhf`l el inl rl`kfnl`lrlc.

80 87 Ckek el vbeh4 Lxbglftl -8 _k`ä fàk shml vbvlr el krch cðeb`h, ku Zrk`urh slcprl ghsthr `kc hs clinkrls h`kckehçüls, vlsclfths
vlsclfths,,
pkrqul `rls`lu `kc hmufeíf`bh ku pkrqul kb hibclfthçàk, lt`. Plcprl qul vlr qul pkuphr, hrè uc tlstl el _kfthel
cubtk `hrlftl lc suh bfíf`bh, ku quhiqulr `kc @E 8<, phrh lvbthr k bf`kckek el Hmhihek, -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks
kutrk ckvk, lxbgl slcprl tuek ek mkc l ek tlstl pkr uc ebh ku htâ `lsshr k bf`õckek. Uhcmâc fuf`h flgh hgrheks
clinkr. clrl`beks ]l`lml += lc tlstls sk`bhbs, slcprl qul el`bebr ghsthr chbs qul k
fkrchi. .

8> Clsqubfnk -8 _k`ä fàk gksth el phghr cubtk pkr fheh. Lvbth slcprl ghsthr `kc hs clinkrls h`kckehçüls, vlsclfths,
Clsck qul hqubik vhinh k slu vhikr. Plcprl hibclfthçàk, lt`. Plcprl qul vlr qul ghsthr chbs qul k `kcuc, hrè uc
l`kfkcbzh, cubths vlzls el krch tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E 8<, phrh lvbthr k bf`kckek el Hmhihek, -= el
elsfl`lssèrbh, kutrhs hs `usths eks kutrks Zlfhibehelslcprl
Uhcmâc, lc tkeks ks tlstl pkr
sl hprkvlbth uc ebh
ek qul ku htâ
kutrks rl`uplrhr
pksshc phghrklvhikr ghstk.
inl krfl`lr.
]l`lml -= lc tlstls sk`bhbs, slcprl qul qubslr l`kfkcbzhr. ]l`lml += lc
Hvhibhçàk.

85 82 Cuek -0 _k`ä fàk hik, k qul inl `hush uc grhfel ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tkeks ks tlstls el Nhmbibehel l Zlrã`bhs qul
ebo`uiehel el `kcufb`hçàk. Lfvkivhc @hrbsch. qul elplfehc eh hih. Fàk pkel `kfdurhr chgbhs `kc
`kcpkflftl _lrmhi.

8< =: Zku`k Zrlsgbk -8 _k`ä plrtlf`l h uch `ihssl sk`bhi, `hsth ku ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Zlrsuhsàk,
quhiqulr kutrk ckvk qul hçh uch mkh phrtl
eh sk`blehel tl trhthr `kc clfkr bcpkrtíf`bh.

8? =8 ]hbvksk / ]hmuglftk Q-8S _k`ä sl brrbth `kc h`bibehel l tlc pku`k Plcprl qul kr `kfrkfthek, lfghfhek, `kftrhrbhek, lt`., elvl hzlr uc tlstl
`kftrkil lck`bkfhi. el rlsbstäf`bh @hrbsch `kc @E 8< phrh lvbthr hgbr el krch nksi l brrbthek.
Xuhfek lsvlr brrbthek skrl lc quhbsqulr tlstls el Nhmbibehel, ]lsbstäf`bh l
Zlrã`bhs, lx`ltk el dkghehs el hthqul l Bfcbehr.
 

87 == Plgrlek Pkcmrbk Q-8S _k`ä tlc uc slgrlek qul fuf`h pkel slr Plcprl qul slu slgrlek lsvlr skm hclhçh, rl`lml uch plfhibehel el -= lc
els`kmlrtk. Pl kr rlvlihek higk el tlrrãvli tkehs hs dkghehs, htâ qul skiu`bkfl k rbs`k. Pl k slgrlek kr rlvlihek, elvl
pkel inl h`kftl`lr. (@kfvlrsl `kc k clstrl) rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E 8<. \ch hinh elbxhrè k plrskfhglc
hmhihek, l bfeb`hrè uc grhvl prkmilch, pkr lxlcpik, uch plrturmhçàk
tlcpkrèrbh, rl`lmlrè uc bfbcbgk ku slrè `hçhek, h `rbtârbk ek clstrl.

8> =0 Bfekiäf`bh Bfsumkrebfhek Q-8S _k`ä tlc ebo`uiehels el h`lbthr hdueh l Elsvhfthglc lc tlstl el Ebpikch`bh l fàk rl`lml ks mlfl`bks el Huxãibks,
(Bfsumkrebfhek / Bfebvbeuhibsth) ibelrhfçh. Zrllrl hgbr skzbfnk h slgubr krelfs. sldh pkr Ibelrhfçh, trhmhink lc grupk, côsb`h el mhrek, `kchfeks ku
Fàk shml ibehr `kc nblrhrqubh ku `kchfek. `kcmhtls. (Hbfeh rl`lml mõfus pkr Oihfqulhr).

=5 Bfebvbeuhibsth Q-8S h duehr kutrks. Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Ibelrhfçh, @kchfeks l fàk `kf`lel ks mlfl`bks
_k`ä tlc ebo`uiehels el h`lbthr hduehr
Fàk shml ibehr `kc `kkplrhçàk, flc clsck el Huxãibk, sldh pkr Ibelrhfçh, trhmhink lc grupk, `kchfek, côsb`h el mhrek
ibelrhfçh. ku `kcmhtl. (Hbfeh `kf`lel mõfus pkr Oihqulhr).

82 =< _kz Brrbthftl Lfhekfnh Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch vkz cubtk brrbthftl, sldh pkr ]l`lml uc -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstls el sk`bhbs, l elsvhfthglc lc
(Lfohekfnh/Bfsupkrtèvli) higuch ghglbrh, pkr slr ilfth, hfnh ku tlstls el Htuhçàk (@hftk).
quhiqulr kutrh `hrh`tlrãs`h qul sldh ckvk
el bf`kckek ku ebstrhçàk.

=? Bfsupkrtèvli Q-=S _k`ä tlc uch vkz lxtrlchclftl brrbthftl, sldh ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls sk`bhbs, l quhbsqulr kutrks
kutrks tlstls qul
pkr slr cubtk lstrbelftl ku bfhueãvli, tkrfhfek elplfehc eh hih.
bfsupkrtèvli,

Q=:-=<S
@ÐEBGKP EL @KFE\UH

Q8S =7 @hçhekr Q-8S Fuf`h chthr (`kcmhtlr ku `hpturhr, quhfek Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
fl`lssèrbk, chs fuf`h chthr) oinktls ku 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
äclhs grèvbehs el quhiqulr lspâ`bl. Fuf`h hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.
hmhfekfhr uch `hçh hmheh. Plcprl ls`kinlr
`kck kpkflftl h `rbhturh el hphräf`bh chbs
plrbgksh qul lstldh ê vbsth.

Q=S => @hrbehel Q-8S Fuf`h hrchzlfhr rbqulzhs. Plcprl ekh tkek Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
kmdltk el vhikr hks chbs fl`lssbtheks. 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.

Q0S =2 @kcmhtl Q-8S Fuf`h hth`hr uc kpkflftl bfellsk, `hãek, Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
elshrchek ku lc elsvhfthglc fucârb`h. 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.

Q5S 0: Elrrkth Q-8S Fuf`h sl plrcbtbr slr `hpturhek `kc vbeh l Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
fuf`h h`lbthr h elrrkth. @hsk sldh rleuzbek 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
h : Zkftks el _beh (hplfhs lc sbtuhçüls hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.
el `kcmhtl nkfrhek, uc `kftrh uc) ku
`hpturhek (lc quhiqulr sbtuhçàk), vk`ä
elvl tbrhr h prðprbh vbeh.

Q<S 08 Elvkçàk _k`ä slgul uch rlibgbàk `kc ekgchs rãgbeks, Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
ku cbssàk h quhi sl elvktku. El`ihrl suh 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
elvkçàk duftk ek clstrl. hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.

Q?S 0= L`kikgbh Q-8S Fuf`h chthr quhiqulr hfbchi ku pihfth, flc Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
plrcbr pkr kcbssàk qul higuâc k hçh. _k`ä 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
sð pkel ekrcbr mlc lc èrlhs
è rlhs slivhglfs1 lc hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.
`behels l èrlhs `kfstruãehs ilvh k ekmrk ek
tlcpk phrh rl`uplrhr Z_s l ZCs.

Q7S 00 Nlrðb Q-8S _k`ä sl sh`rbo`h lc mlfl`bks eks chbs rh`ks Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
l fl`lssbtheks, mus`hfek prktlgä-iks el 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
Q>S 05 Nk
Nkflsehel Q-8S Fuf`h rkumhr, trhph`lhr, clfr ku Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
elskmlel`lr hs ilbs ik`hbs, flc plrcbr qul 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
slus `kcphfnlbrks k hçhc. hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.

Q2S 0< Grheàk Q-8S Xuhfek higuâc shivh suh vbeh (ku el uc lftl Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
qulrbek slu), vk`ä o`h h slrvbçk elssh plsskh, 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
htâ `kfslgubr elvkivlr k hvkr (shivhr suh vbeh). hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.

Q8:S 0? K
Kmmlebäf`bh Q-8S _k`ä elvl kmlebäf`bh h uc Zhtrkfk, Grupk, Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
]libgbàk, Krelc, lt`. Ukeks ks slus htks l 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
cbssüls sàk krelfhehs l `kkrelfhehs pkr lssl hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.
phtrkfk. Uhcmâc fàk pkel hclhçhr,
`kftrhrbhr, clfr, cubtk clfks, hth`hr k slu
phtrkfk l flc plrcbr qul kutrks k hçhc.
Q88S 07 Zh`bosck Q-8S _k`ä â tkthiclftl hvlssk h quhbsqulr krchs Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
el _bkiäf`bh. Lvbth `kcmhtls, htâ cäs ilgãch 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
ellsh. _bkiäf`bh uch ôich kpçàk, ku clsck hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.
fuf`h.

Q8=S 0> Zblehel Q-8S Dhchbs hth`hr slc prkvk`hçàk, slcprl h`lbthr Plcprl qul els`ucprb k @ðebgk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E
uc plebek el rlfebçàk, slcprl pkuphr 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h uch plrturmhçàk tlc
tlcpkrèrbh
pkrèrbh l k plrskfhgl lsthrè
kpkflftls rleuzbeks h : Zkftks el _beh. hmhihek htâ `ucprbr uch rlelfçàk.

Q=?-<:S
ELP_HFUHGLFP CLFUHBP
=? 8 El`bt el Htlfçàk Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch grhfel ebo`uiehel el sl ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tkeks ks tlstls el usk el Olrrhclfth l el
`kf`lftrhr lc quhbsqulr hçàkls el ikfgh @kf`lftrhçàk.
eurhçàk.

=7 = Ebstrhbek Ilvl Q-8S _k`ä â uc pku`k elshtlftk, fàk prlsthfek ]l`lml -= el Zlfhibehels lc tlstls Kmslrvhr l Kuvbr, Zrk`urhr.
cubth htlfçàk hs `kbshs h suh vkith.

0 Grhvl Q-0S _k`ä â cubtk elshtlftk, fàk prlsthfek cubth ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls Kmslrvhr l Kuvbr, Zrk`urhr, l -= el
htlfçàk lc quhsl fheh h suh vkith. Zlfhibehels lc Ls`kfelr-sl l Ourvbehel.
=> 5 Bf`uitk Hfhihmltk Q-0S _k`ä fàk tlvl quhiqulr bfstruçàk ku lstuek. Fàk pkel tlr flfnuc trlbfhclftk lc Zlrã`bhs el @kfnl`bclftk l Ohihr
Fàk shml ilr l flc sl `kcufb`hr hiâc eks Bebkchs, fàk shml ilr l ls`rlvlr, flc bebkchs bfb`bhbs hiâc ek mèsb`k.
bebkchs mèsb`k ek slu pihflth fhthi l Ghiè`k
Glfârb`k.

=2 < Mhimu`bhekr Q-5S _k`ä fàk tlvl quhiqulr bfstruçàk ku lstuek. Fàk pkel tlr flfnuc trlbfhclftk lc Zlrã`bhs el @kfnl`bclftk, fàk shml
Fàk shml ilr l flc sl `kcufb`hr hiâc el ilr l ls`rlvlr, l flc clsck hihr lc uc bebkch mèsb`k. ]l`lml
glstks l grufbeks. ELP_HFUHGLC lc tlstls sk`bhbs qul elplfehc eh hih.

0: ? Bflptk Q-0S _k`ä tlvl pku`k trlbfhclftl hk ikfgk el suh ]l`lml -8 pkftk el Zlrã`bh pkr fãvli.
vbeh, ku pkr hith el bftlrlssl ku pkr
bf`hph`behel bftlil`tuhi.

08 7 Bfgäfuk Q-8S _k`ä â cubtk bfk`lftl l h`biclftl lfghfhek. ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tkeks ks tlstls el Plfr Ckvhçàk phrh lvbthr slr
H`rlebth bflfuhclftl fhs plsskhs. lfghfhek.
 

0= > Kmiãvbk Q-8S _k`ä â lxtrlchclftl lsqul`bek, tlc ]l`lml -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstls @kfnl`bclftk l Elsvhfthglc
ebo`uiehel el ilcmrhr el quhiqulr bfkrchçàk lc tlstls el Phmlekrbh l Bftlibgäf`bh phrh ilcmrhr el higk bcpkrthftl.
chbs ikfgh ku clsck slus lstueks.

Q00-0<S
EBPUÔ]MBKP EL PKFK
Q8S 2 Zlsheliks Q-8S _k`ä `kfsthtlclftl tlc plsheliks eurhftl k Plcprl qul ekrcbr hz uc tlstl el Okrtuel `kc @E 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h
skfk, hlthfek ebrlthclftl k slu ebh h ebh. qul tlvl plsheliks eurhftl tkeh h fkbtl l h`krehrè Ohebghek, htâ uc fkvk
els`hfsk `urtk. \ch lrrk `rã`k `hushrè k ehfk tlcpkrèrbk el 8e5 Phm l k
plrskfhglc lsthrè Hmhihek pkr tkek k ebh, pkr lsthr hssusthek l
els`kfohek.

Q=S 8: Pkfícmuik Q-8S _k`ä tlc uc grhvl ebstôrmbk el skfk qul hz Plcprl qul ekrcbr hz uc tlstl el Okrtul `kc @E 8<. \ch hinh bfeb`h qul
`kc qul vk`ä ilvhftl, `hcbfnl, hil, elftrl sl ckvlu cubtk eurhftl tkeh h fkbtl l h`krehrè Ohebghek htâ uc fkvk
kutrhs `kbshs, lfquhftk ekrcl, el krch els`hfsk `urtk. K clstrl pkel el`bebr k qul kb lbtk eurhftl k
els`kftrkiheh l slc quhiqulr ilcmrhfçh hk shfhcmuibsck.
shfhcmuibsc k. \c lrrk `rã`k pkel bcpkr plrbgk hk plrskfhglc ku hibheks.
h`krehr.

Q0S 88 Pkfk Ilvl Q-8S _k`ä tlc k skfk lxtrlchclftl ilvl l Plcprl qul tlfthr ekrcbr elvl hzlr uc tlstl el ]lsbibäf`bh `kc @E 8<. \ch
quhbsqulr mhruinks pkelc h`biclftl h`kreè- hinh bfeb`h qul fàk ekrcbu mlc l h`krehrè hebghek. Fàk rl`lml
ik. Hiâc ebssk, vk`ä prl`bsh sh`rb`bk phrh plfhibehels el Zlr`lpçàk lfquhftk ekrcl, l slcprl qul k skfk kr
lftrhr fk skfk. bftlrrkpbek pkr uc tlstl el Zlr`lpçàk, elvl rlhibzhr fkvk tlstl el Okrtuel.
\ch lrrk `rã`k `hushrè k ehfk tlcpkrèrbk el 8e5 @kf tlcpkrèrbk, htâ uc
mkc els`hfsk ikfgk. (Lssls llbtks fàk sl h`ucuihc)

Q5S 8= Pkfk Zlshek Q-8S _k`ä tlc uc skfk lxtrlchclftl plsheh l Pkrl Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Kuvbr phrh h`krehr. Plcprl tlfthrlc
prl`bsh el uc grhfel mhruink ku clsck h`krehr k plrskfhglc slc inl `hushr ehfk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el
`kfthtk mrus`k phrh inl h`krehr. Hiâc ebssk, Okrtuel `kc @E 8<. Hk h`krehr lsthrè lxtrlchclftl skfkilftk, skclftl
hssbc qul vk`ä h`kreh o`h lc uc lsthek el hzlfek uch hçàk fh prbclbrh rkeheh. Lrrk `rã`k bcpül Ohebgh lstè uc fkvk
krtl skfkiäf`bh. els`hfsk ikfgk.

Q<S 80 Pkfkilftk Q-8S _k`ä o`h `kc skfk `kc cubth h`bibehel l Ekrcl `kc lxtrlch h`bibehel l prl`bsh rlhibzhr uc tlstl el el Okrtuel `kc
ekrcl chbs è`bi hbfeh. Hvbehel ckrkshs ku @E 8< phrh lvbthr
l vbthr ekrcbr lc quhbsqulr sbtuhçüls ckfktkfhs ku rlplvhs,
lftlebhftls k hzlc `hbr fk skfk. ku sldh, prkikfghehs pkr chbs el träs rkehehs l hz tlstls el llbtks el Pkfk
`kc Elsvhfthglc.

Q0?-<:S
ZL]U\]MHÇÜLP

Q8S 85 Heb`çàk (Erkghs l kutrhs sumstíf`bhs) Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul tkrfh vk`ä
Heb`tk lc uch sumstíf`bh (sldh quhiqulr erkgh,
hi`kki, `hlãfh, lt`), ku kutrks lscuiks
(herlfhibfh, dkgks el hzhr, lt`) qul inl `hush
higufs plrbgks.
Ebhrbhclftl, ku quhfek kr lxpkstk, slftl h fl`lssbehel el `kfsucbr
sumstíf`bhs prldueb`bhbs
prldueb`bhbs l grhfel quhfehel. Ohz uc tlstl ebèrbk el _kfthel
`kc @E 8< phrh rlsbsr hk vã`bk, h`rls`bek el uc slgufek tlstl phrh skrlr
llbtks grhvls, `kc @E 8< Okrtuel.

8< (Hgrhvhek4 Elplfeäf`bh

Elplfeäf`bh)) Q-=S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh Ebhrbhclftl, ku quhfek kr lxpkstk, slftl h fl`lssbehel el `kfsucbr
`hushfek uch krtl Elplfeäf`bh. sumstíf`bhs prldueb`bhbs
prldueb`bhbs l grhfel quhfehel. Ohz uc tlstl ebèrbk el _kfthel
`kc @E =:, phrh rlsbsr hk vã`bk, slc quhiqulr tlstl phrh ks llbtks el
lx`lssk.

Q=S 8? Hvlrsàk (Bf`kcufs) Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul `hush uch Plcprl qul kr lxpkstk hk ckvk el suh Hvlrsàk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el
Hvlrsàk
hk ofhi).l clek `kc higuch Okmbh Ilvl (ibsth _kfthel `kc @E 8< phrh lvbthr llbtks el Clek (Hclerkfthek).

87 Q-=S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh Plcprl qul kr lxpkstk hk ckvk el suh Hvlrsàk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el
`hushfek tlrrkr l `kcpkrthclftk el ugh h _kfthel `kc @E =:, phrh lvbthr llbtks el Clek (Hphvkrhek)
(Hgrhvhek4 Okmbh
Okmbh)) higuch Okmbh Ilvl (ibsth hk ofhi).

Q0S 8> Hvlrsàk (@kcufs) Q-=S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul `hush uch Plcprl qul kr lxpkstk hk ckvk el suh Hvlrsàk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el
Hvlrsàk l clek `kc higuch Okmbh Grhvl (ibsth _kfthel `kc @E 8< phrh lvbthr llbtks el Clek (Hclerkfthek).
hk ofhi).

82 (Hgrhvhek4 Okmbh
Okmbh)) Q-0S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh Plcprl qul kr lxpkstk hk ckvk el suh Hvlrsàk elvl rlhibzhr uc tlstl el
`hushfek tlrrkr l `kcpkrthclftk el ugh h _kfthel `kc @E =:, phrh lvbthr llbtks el Clek (Hphvkrhek)
higuch Okmbh Ilvl (ibsth hk ofhi).

Q5S =: Mbpkihrbehel Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul `hush uc Ohz uc tlstl ebèrbk el _kfthel `kc @E 8< phrh lvbthr ks llbtks eh hsl
elshrrhfdk ehs lckçüls, phsshfek ckclftks chfãh`h, quhfek k plrskfhglc lsthrè elshtlftk l brrbthebçk. Flssh hsl skrl
el `rbsl quhfek o`h chbs brrbthebçk, elprlssàk, -= el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls sk`bhbs l clfthbs, lx`ltk phrh rlhibzhr slus
hclerkftèvli, elsldks l ibmbek. elsldks.

=8  (Hgrhvhek4 Lxpiksàk Bftlrcbtlftl)

Bftlrcbtlftl) Q-0S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh Ohz uc tlstl ebèrbk el _kfthel `kc @E =: sl `kftrhrbhek phrh lvbthr ks
`hushfek fàk sð k elshrrhfdk el lckçüls, llbtks eh hslel urbh. Flssh hsl, quhfek lsthrè Hgrlssbvk, `kc quhiqulr
`kck thcmâc uch grhvl ôrbh quhfek uc, skrlfek -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks
t keks ks tlstls sk`bhbs l clfthbs, lx`ltk
`kftrhrbhek. phrh hth`hr ku bfcbehr ku hivk eh ôrbh.

Q<S == @kcpilxk el Bfolrbkrbehel Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul elsplrth uch Plcprl qul lc higuch sbtuhçàk h hçàk ek plrskfhglc sldh bcpkrthftl phrh
grhvl bfslgurhfçh l @kcpilxk, hzlfek `kc uc su`lssk ku hinh elil ku grupk, ku clsck uc `kcmhtl plrbgksk, tlfthrè
qul fàk h`rlebtl lc sb clsck. ugbr eh sbtuhçàk ku skrlr -= el Zlfhibehel flstls tlstls.

=0  (Hgrhvhek4 Hfsblehel @rõfb`h)

@rõfb`h) Q-0S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh Plcprl qul lc higuch sbtuhçàk h hçàk ek plrskfhglc sldh bcpkrthftl phrh
`hushfek fàk sð bfslgurhfçh, `kck thcmâc uc su`lssk ku hinh elil ku grupk, ku clsck uc `kcmhtl plrbgksk, tlfthrè
uch krtl Hfsblehel. Hiâc ek @kcpilxk, vk`ä ugbr eh sbtuhçàk ku skrlr Elsvhfthglc flstl tlstls.
hbfeh â bcph`blftl l fàk sl `kf`lftrh.

Q?S =5 Elprlssàk Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk

Zlrturmhçàk qul pkel Ohz uc tlstl ebèrbk el _kfthel `kc @E 8< phrh lvbthr ks llbtks eh
elslf`helhr lc uch @rbsl Elprlssbvh, hzlfek Elprlssàk, quhfek skrlrè -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks
t keks ks tlstl.
`kc qul plr`h h htlfçàk l sl bskil.

=< (Hgrhvhek4 Clihf`kibh

Clihf`kibh)) Q-0S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh Ohz uc tlstl ebèrbk el _kfthel `kc @E =: phrh lvbthr ks llbtks eh hsl
`hushfek uch Elprlssàk lxtrlchclftl krtl. quhfek
chfãh`h,`kftrhrbhek,
quhfek k plrskfhglc lsthrè urbksk
skrl -= el Zlfhibehel lcltkeks
clihf`ðib`k. Flssh
ks tlstls, hsl,
lx`ltk sk`bhbs,
hks quhbs tlrè elsvhfthglc.

Q7S =? Els`kfhfçh Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul elsplrth uch Plcprl qul skrlr uc bfkrtôfbk ku hçàk prldueb`bhi h lil, elvlrè hzlr uc
grhvl Els`kfohfçh, htâ clsck eks chbs tlstl el _kfthel el @E 8< phrh lvbthr ks llbtks eh Els`kfohfçh, quhfek
prðxbcks, slcprl qul skrl uc rlvâs. skrlrè -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstl, l fàk h`lbthrè huxãibk el fbfguâc.

=7 (Hgrhvhek4 Zhrhfðbh
Zhrhfðbh)) Q-0S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh Plcprl qul skrlr uc bfkrtôfbk ku hçàk prldueb`bhi h lil, elvlrè hzlr uc
`hushfek uch @rbsl el Zhrhfðbh, `kc grhvl tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E =:, phrh lvbthr ks llbtks eh Els`kfohfçh, quhfek
slfshçàk el plrslgubçàk, bchgbfhfek lstè skrlrè -5 el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstl, l fàk h`lbthrè huxãibk el fbfguâc.
prðxbck el slr vãch el higuch vbkiäf`bh.
 

> Zlrskfhibehel Hfssk`bhi

(Hgrhvhek4 Zsb`kphh)

2 =2 @kcpuisàk Lspl`bhi @ilptkchfbh Q-8S _k`ä skrl el uc grhvl `kcpuisàk el rkumhr Xuhfek kr lxpkstk h uc kmdltk fkvk, vhibksk, bf`kcuc, ku clsck, qul
kmdltks, bfelplfelftl ek slu vhikr. htrhbh suh htlfçàk, slftl h fl`lssbehel el rkumh-ik, bfelplfelftl ek plrbgk.
Ohz uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E 8< phrh rlsbsr h chfbh l skrl -= el
Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstls qul fàk lfvkivhc k rkumk.

0: Cbtkchfbh Q-8S _k`ä skrl el uc grhvl `kcpuisàk el clfr, Xuhfek kr lxpkstk h uc kmdltk fkvk, vhibksk, bf`kcuc, ku clsck, qul
htâ clsck quhfek fàk vhb kmtlr flfnuch htrhbh suh htlfçàk, slftl h fl`lssbehel el rkumh-ik, bfelplfelftl ek plrbgk.
vhfthglc. Ohz uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E 8< phrh rlsbsr h chfbh l skrl -=
Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstls qul fàk lfvkivhc k rkumk.

08 Zbrkchfbh Q-8S _k`ä skrl el uc grhvl `kcpuisàk el bftlrhgbr Ebhrbhclftl, ku quhfek hvbsthr higuch kftl el kgk l bfhcèvli, slftl h
`kc kgk l `hushr bf`äfebks. fl`lssbehel el mrbf`hr `kc kgk. Ohz uc tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E 8< phrh
lvbthr ks llbtks eh hsl chfãh`h, quhfek k plrskfhglc lsthrè elshtlftk.
Flssh hsl skrl -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstl htâ rlskivlr suh chfbh.

0= @kcpuisàk Kmsslssbvh Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul elsplrth uch Ebhrbhclftl, ku quhfek `kftrhrbhek, slftl h fl`lssbehel chfbhs l
Obxhçàk lc uch chfbh rl`krrlftl l suplrçüls suplrçüls. Ohz uc tlstl ebèrbk el _kfthel `kc @E 8< phrh lvbthr ks llbtks
slc slfek el krch els`kftrkiheh. eh hsl chfãh`h, quhfek k plrskfhglc
pl rskfhglc lsthrè elshtlftk. Flssh hsl skrl -=
el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstl htâ rlskivlr suh chfbh.

00  (Hgrhvhek4 @kcpuisàk Kmsslssbvh)

Kmsslssbvh) Q-0S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh Ebhrbhclftl, ku quhfek kr lxpkstk, slftl h fl`lssbehel el `kfsucbr
`hushfek uch @kcpuisàk lc lxl`uthr suhs sumstíf`bhs prldueb`bhbs l grhfel quhfehel. Ohz uc tlstl ebèrbk el _kfthel
chfbhs, htâ clsck hrrbs`hfek h prðprbh vbeh. `kc @E =:, phrh lvbthr ks llbtks eh hsl chfãh`h. Flssh hsl, fàk hrè fheh h
fàk slr `kcpilthr suhs chfbhs, ku skrl Elsvhfthglc lc tkeks ks tlstls htâ
`ucprbr suhs chfbhs.

Q8:S 05 Brrh`bkfhibehel Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul elsplrth uch Xuhfek hclhçhek el grhfel vbkiäf`bh ku plrslgubçàk, elvl hzlr uc tlstl
Brrh`bkfhibehel, quhfek k plrskfhglc fàk ebèrbk el _kfthel `kc @E 8< hk phsshrè h hgbr el krch vbkilfth ku brrh`bkfhi,
`kfslgul rh`bk`bfhr ku
ku hgbr `kc quhiqulr skrlfek -= el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls sk`bhbs l clfthbs, htâ `lsshr h hclhçh.
iðgb`h.

0< (Hgrhvhek4 Ebssk`bhçàk el Zlrskfhibehel)

Zlrskfhibehel) Q-0S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh
`hushfek fàk sð h Brrh`bkfhibehel `kck
thcmâc uc trhuch qul rhgclfth suh
plrskfhibehel, `rbhfek plrskfhglfs l
plrskfhibehels ebvlrshs phrh `uiphr pkr suhs
hçüls.
Xuhfek hclhçhek el grhfel vbkiäf`bh ku plrslgubçàk, elvl hzlr uc tlstl
ebèrbk el _kfthel `kc `kc @E =:, ku phsshrè h hgbr el krch vbkilfth ku
brrh`bkfhi, skrlfek Elsvhfthglfs lc tlstls sk`bhbs l clfthbs, htâ `lsshr h
hclhçh. Lc `hsk el lrrk `rã`k, h`bkfh ku elsplrth uch fkvh plrskfhibehel,
rlihvh hk htk brrh`bkfhi.

Q88S 0? Fhr`bsbsck Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul `hush uc Plcprl qul k plrskfhglc vlr uc grhfel lxbtk, hz uc tlstl el _kfthel @E
rlih`bkfhclftk lgkãsth l Fhr`bsbsth, hzlfek 8<, phrh k su`lssk fàk sumbr suh `hmlçh, quhfek hrè qul lil fàk h`lbtl
`kc qul nhdh el krch bfelplfelftl l plfsl `kkplrthr ku h`lbthr huxãibks. Fàk sl mlflo`bh el ehfks el huxãibk l flc
qul fàk prl`bsh el kutrks. trhfscbtl slu mõfus.

07 (Hgrhvhek4 Clghikchfbh
Clghikchfbh)) Q-0S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh
`hushfek fàk k slfclftk lgkãsth, chs
thcmâc uc lx`lssk el @kcplvbehel l
km`lssàk el prkvhr qul â clinkr l chbs
pkelrksk qul quhiqulr uc.
Plcprl qul k plrskfhglc vlr uc grhfel lxbtk, hz uc tlstl el _kfthel
`kc `kc h @E =:, phrh k su`lssk fàk sumbr suh `hmlçh, quhfek fàk plrcbrè
quhiqulr huxãibk l flc k prlsthrè, sldh lc `kcmhtl ku trhthclftk câeb`k,
lt`.

Q8=S 0> _k`hibzhçàk Q-8S _k`ä tlc uch Zlrturmhçàk qul `hush uch Plcprl qul k plrskfhglc vlr uc ebilch ku uch grhfel prlssàk hz uc
_k`hibzhçàk, hzlfek `kc qul `kfvlrsl tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E 8<, phrh lvbthr k `kcpkrthclftk bf`õckek el hihr
skzbfnk. skzbfnk. Lfquhftk lsvlr hlthek skrl -= el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls clfthbs l
sk`bhbs.

02 (Hgrhvhek4 Lsqubzkorlfbh
Lsqubzkorlfbh)) Q-0S Puh Zlrturmhçàk lstè lxtrlchclftl hgrhvheh Plcprl qul k plrskfhglc vlr uc ebilch ku uch grhfel prlssàk hz uc
`hushfek fàk sk uch vk`hibzhçàk, `kck tlstl el _kfthel `kc @E =: phrh lvbthr
l vbthr k `kcpkrthclftk bf`õcke
bf`õckekk el hihr
thcmâc phssh h tlr hiu`bfhçüls. skzbfnk. Lfquhftk lsvlr hlthek skrl -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstls.

Q<8-7<S
ELP_HFUHGLFP OÃPB@HP
<8 8 Hilrgbh (Hibclfthr) Bftkilríf`bh Q-8S _k`ä tlc hilrgbh h uch eltlrcbfheh sumstíf`bh Plcprl qul bfglrbr uch sumstíf`bh qul `hush h hilrgbh, elvl hzlr uc tlstl
(Bftkilríf`bh / Hfhihxbh) el grhfel `br`uihçàk el `kftègbk pkr bfglstàk. el Okrtuel `kc @E 8<, phrh lvbthr k bf`õckek el -= el Zlfhibehel
Z lfhibehel lc
tkeks, l llbtks `kck sl vlssl Hekl`bek, l skrl `kc hilrgbh `kck uc
"_lflfk" `kc ehfk âprbcèrbk,
plreh el nhmbibehel l sl`ufeèrbks
rl`uplrheh lc 8 pkr el -8
pkr nkrh el@kfstubçàk
els`hfsk ku(<`kc
rkehehs
rkehehs).
). H
trhthclftk helquhfek (@urh @E 8< - ]l`uplrh 8 el bclebhtk l k ekmrk `kc k
tlcpk).

= Hfhoihxbh
Q-=S _k`ä tlc uch krtl hilrgbh, pkelfek `hushr
ckrtl, h uch eltlrcbfheh sumstíf`bh el
grhfel `br`uihçàk el `kftègbk pkr bfglstàk.
Plcprl qul bfglrbr uch sumstíf`bh qul `hush h hilrgbh, elvl hzlr uc tlstl
el Okrtuel `kc @E =:, phrh lvbthr ks llbtks `kck sl vlssl Lfdkhek,
quhfek fàk pkel hth`hr, `kfdurhr chgbhs ku rlhibzhr quhiqulr hçàk, lx`ltk
ckvbclftk, l skrl
skrl `kc hilrgbh `kck uc "_lflfk" `kc ehfk prbcèrbk, l
sl`ufeèrbks el 8e5 @kfstubçàk (< rkehehs). H plreh el nhmbibehel â
rl`uplrheh lc 8 pkr nkrh el els`hfsk ku `kc trhthclftk
trhthclftk helquhfek (@urh
@E 8< - ]l`uplrh 8 el bclebhtk l k ekmrk `kc k tlcpk).
 

<= 0 Hilrgbh (Uè`i ]lspbrhtðrbh)
(Bftkilríf`bh / Hfhihxbh)
Bftkilríf`bh Q-=S _k`ä tlc hilrgbh h uch eltlrcbfheh sumstíf`bh Plcprl qul bfglrbr uch sumstíf`bh qul `hush h hilrgbh, elvl hzlr uc tlstl
el grhfel `br`uihçàk el `kftègbk tèi ku el Okrtuel `kc @E 8<, phrh lvbthr k bf`õckek el -= el Zlfhibehel lc
rlspbrhtðrbh. tkeks, l llbtks `kck sl vlssl Hekl`bek, l skrl `kc hilrgbh `kck uc
"_lflfk" `kc ehfk prbcèrbk, l sl`ufeèrbks
sl`ufeèrbks el -8 @kfstubçàk (< rkehehs
rkehehs).
). H
plreh el nhmbibehel â rl`uplrheh lc 8 pkr nkrh
nkrh el els`hfsk ku `kc
trhthclftk helquhfek (@urh @E 8< - ]l`uplrh 8 el bclebhtk l k ekmrk `kc k
tlcpk).

5 Hfhoihxbh Q-0S _k`ä tlc uch krtl hilrgbh, pkelfek `hushr
ckrtl, h uch eltlrcbfheh sumstíf`bh el
grhfel `br`uihçàk el `kftègbk tèi ku
rlspbrhtðrbh.
Plcprl qul bfglrbr uch sumstíf`bh qul `hush h hilrgbh, elvl hzlr uc tlstl
el Okrtuel `kc @E =:, phrh lvbthr ks llbtks `kck sl vlssl Lfdkhek,
quhfek fàk pkel hth`hr, `kfdurhr chgbhs ku rlhibzhr quhiqulr hçàk, lx`ltk
ckvbclftk, l skrl
sl`ufeèrbks elskrl @kfstubçàk
8e5 `kc hilrgbh `kck
`kc k uc "_lflfk"
(< rkehehs). H plreh`kc ehfk prbcèrbk,
el nhmbibehel â l
rl`uplrheh lc 8 pkr nkrh el els`hfsk ku `kc trhthclftk
trhthclftk helquhfek (@urh
@E 8< - ]l`uplrh 8 el bclebhtk
b clebhtk l k ekmrk `kc k tlcpk).

<0 < Mhbxk Ibcbhr el Ekr Bfsupkrtèvli Q-8S _k`ä skrl `kc ekrls el krch chbs grhvl qul ]l`lml -8 h chbs el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstls quhfek lsvlr `kc
(Bfsupkrtèvli / Els`kcufhi) kfkrchi. lrbclftks chbkrls qul h clthel eks Zkftks el _Beh.
? Els`kcufhi Q-0S _k`ä skrl cubtk `kc ekrls, bfelplfelftl el ]l`lml -8 el Zlfhibehel slcprl lc tkeks ks tlstls quhfek vlr skrbek
suh bftlfsbehel. quhiqulr lrbclftk, l -8 h chbs el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstls quhfek
lsvlr `kc lrbclftks chbkrls qul h clthel eks Zkftks el _Beh.

<5 7 @kfeb`bkfhclftk Oãsb`k Zrldueb`hek Ilvl Q-8S _k`ä tlc k `kfeb`bkfhclftk

`kfeb`bkfhclftk chbs prldueb`hek Pkrl -= lc tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs qul lfvkivhc Okrçh, Elstrlzh ku
qul h câebh el suh lspâ`bl. @kfstubçàk.
> Grhvl Q-0S _k`ä tlc k `kfeb`bkfhclftk
`kfeb`bkfhclftk grhvlclftl Pkrl -5 lc tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs qul lfvkivhc Okrçh, Elstrlzh ku
prldueb`hek qul h câebh el suh lspâ`bl. @kfstubçàk. K vhikr cèxbck elsshs nhmbibehels â rleuzbek lc =.

<< 2 @krpk Orègbi Q-0S _k`ä tlc k `krpk chbs règbi h lrbclftks qul h ]l`lml -8 Z_ h pkr fãvli.
clebh el suh lspâ`bl.
<? 8: Elshstrhek Q-0S _k`ä â uc cubtk elsshstrhek l tlc ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el el Hmrbr Ol`nheurhs, Kplrhr Cl`hfbscks,
ebo`uiehels lqubiãmrbk l ckvbclftks ofks ku K`bks l Zrlsebgbthçàk, l -= el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls el nhmbibehel ku plrã`bh
chfuslb el kmdltks el hith prl`bsàk. `kc Elstrlzh.

<7 88 Eklfçh Bf`urèvli Q-0S _k`ä skrlu higuch eklfçh bf`urèvli qul inl Ebhrbhclftl, hz uc tlstl el ]lsbibäf`bh `kc @E =: phrh lvbthr ks llbtks eh
hlth suh shôel el krch bftlrcbtlftls. eklfçh. Flssh `kfebçàk o`h Hekl`bek
Hekl`bek eurhftl tkek k ebh, -= el plfhibehel
lc suhs dkghehs el hthqul, tlstls el rlsbstäf`bh, el plrã`bhs l el nhmbibehels.

<> 8= Nlckibh Q-<S _k`ä tlc ebo`uiehel el `b`htrbzhçàk l fàk sl Plcprl qul skrl uc hthqul `rã`k rl`lml uc ehfk el 8e5 lc @kfstubçàk,
rl`uplrh fkrchiclftl. Elvl tlr trhthclftk l o`hrè shfgrhfek rl`lmlr trhthclftk @urh @E 8<, ku kutrks clbks el `urh.
phrh sl rl`uplrhr el quhiqulr lrbclftk. Hbfeh, sl rl`uplrh euhs vlzls chbs ilftk qul ks elchbs.

<2 80 Behel Hvhfçheh Cheurk Q-=S _k`ä dè vbvlu uc mkc tlcpk l hequbrbu chbs Pkrl ks llbtks el behel Cheurh.
(Cheurk / Beksk) lxplrbäf`bh qul ks elchbs, fk lfthftk, k Kms. Lssh Elsvhfthglc l ks slus pkftks fàk â `kcputheks fk ibcbtl pkr
tlcpk inl `kmrku sb`hclftl.  plrskfhglc, pkr sl trhthr eh lxplrbäf`bh hequbrbeh
hequbrbeh eurhftl h suh vbeh.

85 Beksk Q-<S _k`ä dè vbvluqul

lxplrbäf`bh ucks
cubtk tlcpk
elchbs, l hequbrbu
fk lfthftk, k chbs Kms.
PkrlLssh
-8 fkElsvhfthglc
vhikr el Okrçhl lksHgbibehel h suh
slus pkftks ls`kinh.
fàk â `kcputheks fk ibcbtl el träs l
tlcpk inl `kmrku sb`hclftl. Q-0:S pkr plrskfhglc, rlspl`vhclftl, pkr sl trhthr eh lxplrbäf`bh hequbrbeh
eurhftl h suh vbeh.

?: 8< Behel Zrl`k`l Hekils`lftl Q-0S _k`ä â hekils`lfl, chbs dkvlc qul k fkrchi ]leuz lc -8 k vhikr el euhs nhmbibehels h suh ls`kinh, skrl -= lc tlstls
(Hekils`lftl / @rbhfçh) phrh rlhibzhr suhs hvbehels. sk`bhbs plih bflxplrbäf`bh.

8? @rbhfçh Q-5S _k`ä â uch `rbhfçh. Mlc chbs dkvlc qul k ]leuz lc -8 k vhikr el träs nhmbibehels h suh ls`kinh, skrl -= lc tlstls
fkrchi phrh rlhibzhr suhs hvbehels. sk`bhbs plih bflxplrbäf`bh, l â `kfsbelrhek, phrh tkeks ks llbtks, `kc
thchfnk Zlqulfk.

?8 87 Bcufbehel Mhbxh Q-0S _k`ä tlc uch bcufbehel chbs mhbxh qul k ]l`lml -5 el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls el ]lsbibäf`bh l tlstls el tkxbfhs
t kxbfhs l
fkrchi o`hfek chbs règbi phrh eklfçhs l eklfçhs.
kutrhs tkxbfhs.

?= 8> Clthmkibsck Ilftk Q-0S _k`ä sl `hfsh h`biclftl `kc quhiqulr Elvl rlhibzhr tlstls el Okrtuel `kc @E 8< slcprl qul rlhibzhr uch hçàk el
hvbehel sb`h. `kcmhtl, `krrbeh ku hpðs uc `kcmhtl. Xuhbsqulr tlstl qul `huslc hebgh
sàk lbtks `kc Elsvhfthglc, l llbtks el Ohebgh sàk hprbckrheks prh
Lxhustàk.

?0 82 Ckvbclftks Ilftks Q-=

Q-=SS _k`
_k`ää sl ck
ckvl
vl chbs
chbs ilfthc
ilfthclft
lftll qul ks elc
elchbs
hbs.. Pk
Pkrl
rl plf
plfhib
hibehe
ehell -0c el els
elsik`
ik`hc
hclft
lftk
k tlr
tlrrls
rlstrl
trl..
?5 =: Zrkmilchs el @kiufh Q-8S _k`ä tlc ekrls fhs `ksths l prkmilchs phrh @hrrlgh h clthel ek vhikr el @hrgh fkrchi.
`hrrlghr cubtk plsk.
?< =8 ]lhçàk Ilfth Q-0S _k`ä elckrh phrh rlhgbr rlftl h uch surprlsh ]l`lml plfhibehel el -? lc Bfb`bhvh.
ku plrbgk.
?? == ]l`uplrhçàk Ilfth Q-0S _k`ä sl rl`uplrh eks slus lrbclftks `kc k _k`ä sl rl`uplrh eks slus lrbclftks `kc k ekmrk el tlcpk el uch plsskh
ekmrk el tlcpk el uch plsskh `kcuc. `kcuc.

?7 =0 ]llxks Ilftks Q-0S _k`ä tlc hgbibehel l rllxks cubtk hmhbxk ek Ohz tlstls el ]llxks `kc Elsvhfthglc.
fkrchi.
?> =5 Phôel El`blftl Q-0S _k`ä tlc suh shôel elmbibtheh, o`hfek eklftl Ohz tlstls el Okrtuel `kc Elsvhfthglc.
l skrlfek `kc llbtks sb`ks chãs è`bi.

?2 =< Plc Zrk`bäf`bh `kc Cbibthr \ch @htlgkrbh Q-8S Fàk kb cubtk mlc trlbfhek phrh k usk el Zlrel h prko`bäf`bh h uch `htlgkrbh el hrcheurh. (Zlsheh, Câebh ku Ilvl)
(Hrcheurhs) hrcheurhs.

=? Ls`ueks Q-8S Fàk kb trlbfhek phrh k usk el ls`ueks. Zlrel h prko`bäf`bh lc ls`ueks.

=7 Ukehs hs Hrcheurhs l Ls`ueks (-0) Fàk kb trlbfhek phrh k usk el qubhsqulr Fàk shml ushr quhbsqulr hrcheurhs ku ls`ueks.
hrcheurhs. Kms. Pkclftl phrh `ihssls trlbfhehs lc chbs el uch `htlgkrbh el hrcheurh
l ls`ueks

7: => Plc Zrk`bäf`bh `kc Hrchs \ch @htlgkrbh Q-8S Fàk kb mlc trlbfhek phrh k usk el hrchs. Zlrel h prko`bäf`bh lc uch `htlgkrbh el hrchs. (@kcufs ku Pbcpils)

=2 Ukehs hs Hrchs Q-0S Fàk kb mlc trlbfhek phrh k usk el quhbsqulr Fàk shml ushr quhbsqulr hrchs.
hrchs. Kms. Pkclftl phrh `ihssls trlbfhehs lc hrchs @kcufs l Pbcpils.
78 0: Uhchfnk Clfkr Q-=S _k`ä â clfkr l chbs ilvl qul k fkrchi phrh h Zhrh tkeks ks llbtks â `kfsbelrhek uch `rbhturh plqulfh. Uhcmâc skrl -=
suh lspâ`bl. el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls sk`bhbs plik Zrl`kf`lbtk.
7= 08 _h`bihftl Q-0S _k`ä tlc ebo`uiehels phrh hthquls h ebstíf`bh Pkrl -= lc tlstls el Hmrbr Ol`nheurhs, Kplrhr Cl`hfbscks l dkghehs el
l ckvbcfltks ofks. Hthqul ê Ebstíf`bh.
70 0= _uiflrèvli Q-0S
Q-0S _k
_k`ä
`ä fàk
fàk shml
shml ml `k
`kck
ck sl pr
prkt
ktlg
lglr
lr.. Pk
Pkr
rll pl
plfh
fhib
ibeh
ehel
el el -8 lc @.
@.H.
H.

Q75-7>S 00
ELOB@BÄF@BHP PLFPK]BHBP
 

Q8S 05 Hicãs`hr Q-8S _k`ä tlc uc `nlbrk cubtk krtl qul k tkrfh ]l`lml -= el plfhibehel lc tlstls el Ls`kfelr-sl l Ourvbehel l tlstls qul
è`biclftl lf`kftrhek l rl`kfnl`bek pkr mus`h Pkmrlvbväf`bh phrh inl rhstrlhr sàk lbtks `kc _hfthglc.
quhiqulr rhstrlhekr.

Q=S 0< @hkink Q-0S Hiâc eh hphräf`bh, vk`ä fàk tlc fkçàk el ]l`lml -= el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls el Kmslrvhr l dkghehs el hthqul `krpk ê
prkufebehel. `krpk.
Q0S 0? @lgulbrh Fkturfh Q-=S _k`ä tlc uch bclfsh ebo`uiehel el lfxlrghr ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Kmslrvhr l Zrk`urhr lc ik`hbs el mhbxh
quhiqulr `kbsh fk ls`urk. iucbfksbehel. Urhth h ôich clthel eh biucbfhçàk `kck plfucmrh l mhbxh
biucbfhçàk `kck ls`urbeàk, phrh `kfsbelrhr h `kmlrturh el quhiqulr `rbhturhs
ku kmdltk skm lssh biucbfhçàk.

Q5S 07 @lgk Q-<S _k`ä â `lgk!

fhs`lfçh, Pldhvk`ä
hgkrh pkr fàk
higuch ilsàk
pkel grhvlfheh.
lfxlrghr ku el ]l`lml tkeks ks llbtks el @lgulbrh.

Q<S 0> Ebskpbh Ilvl Q-8S _k`ä tlc h vbsàk cubtk prldueb`heh, pkelfek ]l`lml -= el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls el Kmslrvhr ku Zrk`urhr l -= fhs Dkghehs
(Ilvl / Grhvl) slr `krrrbgbeh pkr ð`uiks ku ilftls. el hthqul ê Ebstíf`bh ku @krpk ê `krpk. Zkel
Z kel slr `krrbgbek `kc ð`uiks l
ilftls, chs quhbsqulr tlstls sb`ks ku el `kcmhtls pkelc hzlr elrrumhr-iks,
`kc uc lrrk `rã`k.

Q?S 02 Grhvl Q-0S _k`ä tlc h vbsàk cubtk prldueb`heh l fàk pkel ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Kmslrvhr ku Zrk`urhr l -= lc tkehs hs
slr `krrbgbeh pkr ð`uiks. Dkghehs el hthqul ê Ebstàf`bh ku @krpk h @krpk. Fàk pkel slr `krrbgbek `kc
ð`uiks l ilftls.

Q7S 5: Ebskscbh Q-0S _k`ä fàk `kfslgul ebsfgubr `nlbrks l hlth ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Pkmrlvbväf`bh l tkeks ks tlstls qul
thcmâc k phihehr. @kftuek `nlbrks cubtk lfvkivhc k khtk, l skrl -= el Zlfhibehel lc Okrtuel.
krtls k bf`kckehc cubtk chbs.

Q>S 58 Eurk el Kuvbek Q-0S _k`ä tlc h huebçàk cubtk elo`blftl k qul k ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Ourvbehel l. Kuvbr. Hiâc el `hushr uch
prldueb`h thftk lc tlr htlfçàk hk rlekr, `kck ebo`uiehel el @kcufb`hçàk, `kc -= el Zlfhibehel lc tkeks ks tlstls el
h tlfthr slr urvk. sk`bhbs.

Q2S 5= Purek Q-5S _k`ä â `kcpilthclftl surek, sldh pkr uch ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el Ourvbehel, hinh hutkcè`h lc tlstls el
ilsàk ku el fhs`lfçh, k qul thcmâc `hush Kuvbr. Hiâc ebssk, bcpül <:% el hinh hr`hfh, `kc `kcpkflftls vlrmhbs l ks
cuelz. clscks llbtks el Cuek (Elsvhfthglc lc tkeks ks tlstls sk`bhbs).

Q7>->:S
ILPÕLP OÃPB@HP G]H_LP
Q8S 55  [[ Hcputhçàk Mbihtlrhi/Zhrhpilgbh Q-<S _k`ä skrlu uch hcputhçàk, ku uch ilsàk ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs mhslhehs lc Okrçh l
grhvãssbch, clsck uch elo`bäf`bh el fhs`lfçh Elstrlzh, l tlc elsik`hclftk rleuzbek h 8,<c, sl fàk vlr flfnuc huxãibk.
qul hltku hs suhs euhs plrfhs tkrfhfek lihs Cuilths ku `helbrhs el rkehs ekmrhc k elsik`hclftk phrh 0c.
bcðvlbs.

Q=S 5<  [[ Hcputhçàk / El`bäf`bh Grh

Grhvl
vl Q-5S _k`ä skrlu uch hcputhçàk, ku uch ilsàk ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs mhslhehs lc Okrçh l
grhvãssbch, clsck uch elo`bäf`bh el fhs`lfçh Elstrlzh l fàk pkel `kcmhtlr `kc euhs hrchs l ushr ls`ueks.
qul hltku slu tkrhx l uc eks mrhçks.

Q0S 5?  [[ Chf`k Q-=S _k`ä skrlu uch ilsàk grhvl qul `husku uch ]l`lml -= el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs mhslhehs lc
phrlsbh phr`bhi. Elstrlzh l skrl plfhibehel el -0c fk elsik`hclftk.
Q5S 57  [[ Càk Orh`h
Orh`h Q-8S _k`ä skrlu uch ilsàk grhvl lc uch ehs càks ]l`lml -= el Zlfhibehel lc tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs mhslhehs lc
ku clsck uch elkrchçàk el fhs`lfçh qul Okrçh l fàk pkel ushr hrchs eupihs, hrchs el euhs càks, fh càk bfèmbi l
hz `kc qul uch el suhs càks sldh chbs rh`h. ls`ueks plsheks.

Q<S 5>  [[ Càk/Mrhçk Hcputhek

Hcputhek Q-0S _k`ä skrlu uc ilsàk grhvl lc uc eks ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs mhslhehs lc Okrçh, l
clcmrks suplrbkrls `kc hcputhçàk. fàk pkel `kcmhtlr `kc euhs hrchs
h rchs l ushr ls`ueks.

Q?S 52  [[ Zlrfh Hcputheh

Hcputheh Q-0S _k`ä skrlu uc ilsàk grhvl lc uc eks ]l`lml Elsvhfthglc lc tlstls el nhmbibehel l plrã`bhs mhslhehs lc
clcmrks bflrbkrls `kc hcputhçàk. \sh uc Elstrlzh, l Pkrl plfhibehel el -0c fk elsik`hclftk tlrrlstrl.
supkrtl bfhehpthek ku prbcbvk.

>8->< Xuhiqulr Pk`bhi 

>?-2: Xuhiqulr Clfthi 
28-2< Xuhiqulr Oãsb`h
2?-:: Pkrtlbh Kutrhs Euhs l Zkel Hequbrbr Xuhtrk fk tkthi.

OKMBHP IL_LP * OKMBHP G]H_LP *

8 Èguh Zrkufeh QUhikkmbhS 8 Phfgul (Nl
(Nlckkmbh)
= Hr
Hrhhfnhs
fnhs (H
(Hrh
rh``fk
fkk
kmb
mbhh) = Olrbc
lrbclf
lftk
tkss (U
(Urh
rhuc
uchhtktkkm
kmbhbh))
0 Hvls (Krfbtkkmbh) 0 Lsthr Pkzbfnk (Hutkkmbh)
5 @àls l @hfbfks (@bfkkmbh) 5 Cuieüls (El
(Elckkmbh)
< @k
@kbs
bshs
hs Hohe
Hohehs
hs (H
(Hb`
b`nc
nckpkpnk
nkmbmbh)
h) < Ls
Lsph
phçk
çkss hmlr
hmlrtk
tkss (Hgk
(Hgkrh
rhk
kmb
mbh)
h)
? Ohih
Ohihrr lc Zôm
ômibib``k (G
(Gik
ikss
ssk
kk
kmb
mbhh) ? Ls`
s`ur
urbe
beàk
àk (Ls`
(Ls`kt
ktkkkmb
kmbhh)
7 Gh
Ghttks l Olibf
ibfks (H
(Hbi
biur
urkp
kpnnkm
kmbh
bh)) 7 Ckrt
krtl l ckrtk
krtkss (Fl`
(Fl`rrk
kkm
kmbh
bh))
> Gkvlrfk (@rhpnkmbh) > Pudlbrh l glrcls (Cbskkmbh)
2 Iku
ku``urh (E
(Elc
lckkkkmb
mbhh) 2 Lsp
sphhçks l`
l`nh
nhe
eks (@
(@ih
ihus
usttrk
rkk
kmmbh)
bh)
8: Chgbh l cbs`bsck (Chfhkmbh) 8: Okgk (Zbrkkmbh)
88 Chrls l K`lhfks QUhihsskkmbhS 88 Ohfthschs l slrls ltârlks (Lspl`trkkmbh)
8= Fhehr QHquhkmbhS 8= Hiturh (H`rkkmbh)
80 Fôclrk 80 (Urbs`hbel`hkmbh) 80 Chgbh l cbs`bsck (Chfhkmbh)
85 Ul`fkikgbh (tl`fkkmbh) 85 Mhruinks hitks (Mrkftkkmbh)
8< ]htks l rklekrls (Curkpnkmbh) 8< Bfsltks l Hrh`fãelks (Lftkckkmbh)
8? ]âptlbs (Nlrpltkpnkmbh) 8? Lfvlflfhclftk (Ukxb`kkmbh)
87 Plxk (@
(@kb
kbtk
tkk
kmb
mbh)
h) 87 @àls
@àls l @hfb
@hfbfk
fkss (@b
(@bfk
fkk
kmb
mbh)
h)
8>-=: Xuhiqulr 8> Èguh ( Nb
Nberkkmbh)
82 Iuz ek "Pki
"Pki"" (Nl
(Nlibk
ibkk
kmb
mbhh)
=: Xuhiqulr Grhvl

CHFBHP G]H_LP
8 Ibcplzh (Hmiutkchfbh)
= Krghfbzhçàk l Zrl`bsàk (H`rbmkchfbh)
0 @k
@kft
fthg
hglc
lc l _lrb
_lrbo`
o`hç
hçàk
àk (Hrb
(Hrbtc
tckc
kchf
hfbh
bh))
5 @kil`bkfhr l H`ucuihr (H`ucuikchfbh)
< Hrrhf`hr ks Zrðprbks @hmliks (Urb`tkchfbh)
? @utu`hr h Zrðprbh Zlil (Elrchikchfbh)
7 Ebhgbfðs`ks l Eklfçhs Bchgbfèrbks (Nbpk`kferbh)
> ]klr \fnhs (Kfb`khgbh)
/2-8: Xuhiqulr