5>4.

Egceucgr mc këhikj diçkmtrj dm uh çrfjc dm gemrj

gemr j qum, sjkmtidj g uh kjkmhtj tjrsijhghtm

dm 74 `HÜk, hj dmfm mxpmrikmhtgr uhg dmajrkgeiõh ghlucgr supmrijr g 5¾ mh uhg cjhlitud dm

ejrt ghtm kçxikj qum gpgrmemrç mh éc: ]sm L ; 25 LH/k6:

1 k. ºEuçc ms mhtjhems mc msaumrzj ejrtghtm

Ujcueiõh?

 4 TC
Ugfmkjs qum? O  d  
56 OL

56TC
d 4
 L

d 

56 74  7>
5
1  >,772k  d ; 772 kk
4  
25  7>
9

 1> 

Gdmkçs?

5
Te Td 74  7>  772  kçx  45,4KH / k
6
 kçx     45,4 
O 6O 
6 7724
56
575. Mc çrfjc dm cg ailurg lirg g 5 r/s gfsjrfimhdj 5> `\ mh G y 7= `\ mh F dm cjs 4= `\

gpciegdjs mh E. Ui L ; 25 x 7>9 H/k6, egceucgr mc msaumrzj ejrtghtm kçxikj y mc çhlucj dm

tjrsiõh dm cg rumdg G rmspmetj dm cg rumdg E. (Kgtmrigc gemrj.)

Ujcueiõh?

Egceucgkjs cjs kjkmhtjs tjrsijhghtms?

5 5
F / E 7=  7> 6,= G/ F 5>  7> =
      .
TF 6a 6 5  `H.k 0 TG 6a 
6 5  `H k

71TFE 71<,= /   6 71TFE 71= /   6


F/E

5
  62,2KH / k 0 
G/ F
   14,9KH / k
d
FE  >,><= 5
d
5
GF  >,>= 5

6
Mc msaumrzj kçxikj ms? 
kçx
 
G/ F
 14,9KH / k
574. ]h çrfjc dm gemrj sm mheumhtrg egrlgdj smlÿh sm kumstrg mh cg ailurg. ]sghdj uh kõducj

L; 25 LH/k6, egceucm mc diçkmtrj rmqumridj dmc çrfjc si mc msaumrzj ejrtghtm mstç cikitgdj g

1> KH/k6 y mc çhlucj dm rjtgeiõh mxtrmkj cifrm hj dmfm mxemdmr dm 4 j.

Ujcueiõh?

Dmc mquicifrij tmhmkjs qum T ; =>>H.k

Trgkj GF?

71T 
71 =>>  1
TGF ; T ; =>> H.k   GF 
5

5
 1>  7>  d≭>,>5= k
d d

Trgkj FE

TFE ; 7>>> H.k   FE 


71 7>>>   1>  7> 1
 d≭>,>44 k
5
d

^grg egceucgr cjs lirjs, bgrmkjs mc diglrgkg dm kjkmhtj tjrsijhghtm pgrg vmr eõkj ms mc lirj

mh cg fgrrg.

(+) bjrgrij
(-) ghtibjrgrij

 tjdjs lirgh ghtibjrgrij

E / G  E / F   F / G

TFE CFE T GF C GF 7
E / G    T
FE
CFE  T GF C GF 
OL OL OL

7 
E / G  7>>>5  =>>6  4 

 d 4 25  7> 9
56
 72>

d≭>,>=6 k  tjkghdj mc kgyjr d ; =6 kk

56>. Mh mc prjfcmkg ghtmrijr dmtmrkihgr cg rmcgeiõh dm cjhlitudms f / g qum dmfm mxistir pgrg qum

mc gemrj y mc frjhem trgfgomh gc kçxikj msaumrzj pjsifcm. ºWué pgr tjrsjr T ms hmemsgrij pgrg

mccj:

f/g ; 7.790 T ; 1.95 `HÜk

Ujcueiõh?

Frjhem? D ; <= kk0 kçx ; 1> KH/k60 L ; 5= LH/k6

Gemrj? D ; => kk0 kçx ; 2> KH/k60 L ; 25 LH/k6

 

O
1>  7>
1
 >,><=4
56
TF    4,9<`H
e >,>5<=


2>  7>
1
 >,>=4
56
TG   7,91`H
>,>6=

 49<>,7g 7915,=f f
  >   7,79
  g
>,><= 4
 5= >,>= 4
 25
56 56

T ; TF + TG ; 49<>,7 + 7915,=  T ; 1,95 `H.k

567. ]h çrfjc ejkpumstj, qum ejhstg dm uh smlkmhtj dm gcukihij y uhj dm gemrj, mstç sjkmtidj
sjkmti dj

g djs kjkmhtjs dm tjrsiõh ejkj sm kumstrg mh cg ailurg. Egceucm mc kçxikj vgcjr gdkisifcm

dm T dm geumrdj ejh cgs siluimhtms ejhdieijhms? ge 3 7>> K^g, gc 3 <> K^g, y mc çhlucj dm

rjtgeiõh dmc mxtrmkj cifrm, cikitgdj g 76¾. ]sm cjs vgcjrms Lge ; 25 L^g y Lgt ; 62 L^g.

Ujcueiõh?

tge  7>> K^g Lge ; 25 L^g

tgt  <> K^g Lgt ; 62 L^g

 ; 76¾

6T >,>6= 1

ge
  2742<,55T  7>>  7>

>,>=4
56
  T  766<,6

5T >,>5<=  1

gt
  51671,=9T  <>  7>

>,><=4
56

 
T 7956,2

566. ]h pgr tjrsjr T sm gpcieg, ejkj ihdieg cg ailurg, g uh çrfjc kgeizj ejh mxtrmkjs

mkpjtrgdjs. Dmkjstrgr qum cjs kjkmhtjs tjrsijhghtms mh cjs mkpjtrgkimhtjs sjh T7 ; Tf/C

y T6 ; Tg/C ºQgrigrëgh mstjs vgcjrms si mc çrfjc aumrg bumej:

Ujcueiõh

Mquicifrij?

T7 ― T + T6 ; >

T7 + T6 ; T … (I)

Ugfmkjs qum?

 T g
7
T6 f  T7 f
 6 /7  >   >   … (II)
OL O^ T6 g

Dm (I) y (II)

f fg gT
T6  T6  T  T6  T  T6  c.q.q.d
g g C

gT fT fT
T7  T  T6  T    T7  c.q.q.d
C C C

Hj vgrigrëgh mstjs
mstjs vgcjrms si mc çrfjc ms bumej
bumej
569. Dmtmrkihgr mc hÿkmrj dm pmrhjs dm gemrj dm 7> kk dm diçkmtrj qum sm hmemsitgrëgh mh mc

eëreucj mxtmrijr dmc prjfcmkg ghtmrijr pgrg pjdmr trgskitir

trgs kitir uh pgr tjrsjr dm 2 `HÜk.

Ujcueiõh?

Ugfmkjs qum? T ; ^7V7h7 + ^6V6h6


>,>76   >,7=  h7  4>  7>1  >,>76   >,7 4

2  7>  1>  7> 
5 1

4  4 

h7 ; 9,=  h7 ; 7> pmrhjs

556. ]hg pcgeg sm suomtg g uh mcmkmhtj aioj y rëlidj kmdightm eugtrj rmkgebms dm 6> kk dm

diçkmtrj, ejkj sm ihdieg mh cg ailurg. Dmtmrkihgr mc

m c kçxikj y këhikj msaumrzjs ejrtghtms qum

gpgrmemh mh cjs rmkgebms.

Ujcueiõh

Dmc lrçaiej? T ; 71Ü>,5 ; 4,2 `H.k

>,>66 >,>=6  >,7=6  >,7=6  >,>=6  >,7=6 


  Gi i  G i 
6 6
O
4

1 4
O  7=,<  7> k

5
Tkgx 4,2 7>  >,7=
 kgx  
1
  ; 4=,9 KH/k6

O 7=,< 7>
 5
T kih 4,2  7>  >,7=
 kih  
1

  ; 7=,4 KH/k6
O 7=,<  7>

55<. Um gpcieg uh kjkmhtj tjrsijhghtm dm 1>> HÜk g uh tufj dm smeeiõh rmetghlucgr, ejkj mc

dm cg ailurg. Dmtmrkihgr mc mspmsjr t dm sus pgrmdms dm kghmrg qum mc msaumrzj ejrtghtm hj

mxemdg dm 1> K^g. Egceucgr mc msaumrzj mh cjs cgdjs ejrtjs. Dmsprmeigr cg ejhemhtrgeiõh dm

msaumrzjs mh cgs msquihgs.

Ujcueiõh?

T
Ugfmkjs qum?    G ; fb ; >,>5Ü>,>1 ; >,>>72 k6
6 Gt

1>> 1
   1>  7>  t≭6,2kk  t ; 5kk
6>,>72t