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LAMCF\C LC \CAPÏE7 Mesteõcle Csqucf, Merjas Eukusta
^PEM\HME77 Uuhspc Mmebuhf, Fhja Eroefla
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C]\SLHEF\C]7 Embejjoe Bueoefh, Xhoh Krckarha
MSP]A7 \croalhfåohme Epjhmele
ICMBE LC CF\PCKE7 50 />3/0>05
EXEMSMBA Q ^CP×
0>05
^PA@JCOE]
5.- uf phjata sc le mucfte quc je prcshýf `eraoètrhme lcj cxtcrhar lc su evhýf cs 2>>
o`er. Cj ecrapucrta shtuela `ega jc evhýf efufmhe ufe prcshýf `eraoètrhme lc
5>0>o`er. ]h je lcfshlel oclhe lcj ehrc cs 5.53dk/o = y je emcjcremhýf jamej lc je
krevclel cs 8,;> o/s0 lctcrohfersc je ejture lcj evhýf sa`rc cj fhvcj lcj sucja cf o.
]ajumhýf
Letas7
dk
υ ?5,53 =
o
o
k? 8.; 0
s
∉ ^ ? ^sucja ∐ ^bejture
∉^
b?
υ.
υ . k
00.>> ^e
b? ?58;0 o
dk o
5,53 =
∛8,; 0
o s
Pcsp7 58;0 o.
^lcftrasu`oerhfa ?5 eto?5>5,=03 ^e
dk
υ ?5,>= =
o
o
k? 8,; 0
s
^? υ∛k∛b
∉ ^ ?( υ∛k∛b ) ∐ ^hftcrfe
(
∉ ^ ? 5>=>
dk
o
=
o
)
∛ 8,; 0 ∛02> o ∐5>5,=03 ^e
s
∉ ^ ?0;8;<2> ^e ∐5>5,=03
∉ ^ ?0;8;=;2.9;3 ^e
]ajumhýf
Letas7
\5 ? 8>>¾D
Muefla cs uf mhmja7
U F ? [ F
Hsamara (Y ? mtc)
^ramcsa Hsamara
Laflc7 [5,0 ? > [ ? ^ (v5 ” v0) ? >
U5,0 ? ΜS5,0
U5,0 ? o Mv (t0 ” t5)
U5,0 ? 5*>,93>*(0;>
5*>,93>*(0;>>-8>>)
>-8>>)
=v 5
U0,= ? 5*9>>*v0 jf ( )
v5
=
v5 ?5.5; o ?v 0
= v 5? v =
=
v= ?=.35 o
=.35
U0,= ? 5*9>>*5.5; jf ( )
5.5;
^ramcsa Hsa`århma
Hsa`århma (^ ? mtc)
mtc)
P^\E7 U F ?
? =>=.0= dG/dk
<-. ^ar uf oatar cjèmtrhma pese ufe marrhcftc lc 2.3 E lc ufe iucftc lc 55> Y. Cj
cgc lc sejhle
sejhle lcserrajje uf per lc 8.< F-o e ufe vcjamhlel
vcjamhlel lc ratemhýf lc 2>> rpo
rpo
lctcrohfer.
e) ^atcfm
^atcfmhe
he fcte
fcte lc cftrel
cftrelee ej oatar
oatar cf Dhjav
Dhjavetha
ethas.
s.
`) Je mefthlel lc cfcrkïe cxtreïle lcj oatar oclheftc cj cgc, cf Dw-b. lureftc uf
iufmhafeohcfta lc 5.3 b.
]ajumhýf
Letas7
H ? 2.3 E
Y ? 55> v
O ? 8.< F-o
e) ^fcte ? v* H
^fcte ?55> * 2.3
^fcte ? 8=3 w
^ fcte
fcte ? >.8=3dw
`) ^ ? w*O
0
^ ? 8.< * 2>>* 9>ώ *5.3
^ ? 5525,0< w*b
^ ? 5.525dw*b
Je mefthlel lc cfcrkïe cxtreïle lcj oatar cs 5.525dw*b
3-. Mejmujer je verhemhýf lc cftejpïe lcj ehrc quc sc mejhcfte, e prcshýf `ege, lcslc
=>> D beste 3>> D uthjhzefla
]ajumhýf7
Letas7
\ 5 ?=>>d
\ 0 ?3>>d
e) Sfe cm
cmuemh
uemhýf
ýf copïrhme
copïrhme per
peree je mepem
mepemhlel
hlel tèr
tèrohme
ohme csp
cspcmhih
cmhihme
me
Maoa ∉ B ?oM
oMce
cehr
hrcc ∉ \
Cftejphe cspcmhihme
o M cehrc ∉ \
∉ B ?
o
g
M cehrc
?5>><.5; dkD
∉ B ?5>><.5; (3>> ∐=>> )
Dg
∉ B ?0>>.2
dk
`) Le
Letas
tas l
lcc b lc jes
jes te`je
te`jess lc
lcjj ehrc
ehrc
Lc je te`je7
Dg
=>> ¾ D ≤ b5?=>>.<;=
dk
Dg
≤
3>> ¾ D b0?3>=.=9> dk
Dg Dg
b0 ∐b5? 3>=.=9> ∐=>>.<;=
dk dk
dg
∉ b?0>0.22;
dk
9-. <Dk lc ehrc hfhmhejocftc e 03·M rcejhze uf pramcsa elhe`åthma. ]h cj ehrc cicmt÷e
uf tre`ega lc 5> DG. Lctcrohfer su tcopcreture ihfej cf krelas mcftïkrelas.
]ajumhýf7
Letas7
\5?03¾M
o?<dk
[?5>dg
\0?1
Laflc7
U? ∉ S + w
\ 0?00.3 ¾ M
Pcsp. \0 ? 00.3 · M.
;-. Sf `ejýf csièrhma thcfc uf lhåoctra hfhmhej lc 5 o y mafthcfc ehrc e ufe prcshýf
5^
5^e,
e,cocf
hfmr
hfmrcopar
partcoc
cftc oclh
elha
a3 lco. uf]hme
5.3
5. mejc
jcft
fteo
eohc
lureft
lur chcft
eftc fta
ac scpra
cstc
cst bemc
bemca qu
pramcs
mcsa quc
je c prc
cj shýf
lhåo
lh
prcshý fåoct
ctra
cs ra lcj
lcj mhafej
prapar
pra `ejý
`e
parmhajýf
f sc
fej ej
lhåoctra, lctcrohfer cj tre`ega rcejhzela par cj kes esuohcfla quc cj pramcsa cs
rcvcrsh`jc.
]ajumhýf7
Letas7
l 5? 5 o ← r 5? >.3 o
l 0? 5.3 o ← r 0 ?>.;3 o
^5?5 ^e
Cftafmcs7
^5? D l 5
5 ^e
? D
5o
^e
5 ? D
o
Ebare ^07
^e
^0?5 (5.3 o )
o
^0?5.3 ^e
= =
Y ? ώr
<
= =
Y 5? ώ ( >.3 o ) ?>.30=9 o=
<
= =
Y 0? ώ ( >.;3 o ) ?5.;9;5 o=
<
[ kes ?5.29303 G
Ppte7 5.822 G.
Letas7 ^(`er) vi vk
Y ?>.>23 o
o
= ; >.>>55>2 o= /dk >.0;08 o= /dk
Rh ? 23% ? >.23
< >.>>5>29 o= /dk >.<903 o= /dk
^5 ?
? ; `er
Ri ? 11
Kreihme7
^(`er)
<
Yi 0
vi 5 v5?v0 vk5 vk0
Bejjeoas v5 muefla ^ ? ; `er
Y 5 ?
>.0=05= o=/dk
Y0 ? vi +
Ri (vk - vi)
Ri
Ri
0. Sfe oese lc ekue e 5> `er y >.>09<3 o = /Dk cxpcrhocfte uf pramcsa e
prcshýf mafsteftc beste uf cstela ihfej lc >.0>9 o =/Dk. e) lctcrohfer je
verhemhýf lc cfcrkïe hftcrfe cspcmhihme cf dG/Dk. `) rcejhzer uf csqucoe
lcj pramcsa cf uf lhekreoe ^-Y.
]ajumhýf
]ajumhýf
Letas lc je te`je tcroalhfåohme
^(`
^(`er
er)) vaj
vajuoc
uocf
f cs
cspcm
pcmhihm
hihmaa Cfcrk
Cfcrkïe
ïe hft
hftcrf
crfee
vi(o=/dk) vk(o=/dk) ui(dG/dk) uk(dG/dk)
5> >.>>50;= >.58<< ;95.92 032=.9
Bejjeoas x5(mejhlel)
>.5=
R5 ? >.5=
Bejjeoas S5(cfcrkïe hftcrfe)
;95.92)
S5 ? ;90.92 + >.5=(032=.9 ” ;95.92)
Y0 ? >.0>9 o=/dk
5.>9
R5 ? 5.>9
Csqucoethzeoas7
^(`er)
Yepar lc ekue
sa`rc mejcftela
\
5> 5
0
Yi v5
vk v0
@usmeoas cf je te`je cfcrkïe hftcrfe pere 5> `er y Y0 ? >.0>9
=
o /dk
ΜS ? S0 ” S5
ΜS ? 0905.8 ”
882.3=
=. lcsmafamhle.
Sf te tefq
fquc
uc Muefla
rïkhl
rïkhla
a ma
maft
cjfthc
hcfc
fc ve
tefquc vepa
scparr lc eek
cfirïe ekue
ue e 03>¾
53>¾M 03
cj >¾M,
M, uf
vepar ufee pr
prcsh
cshýf
maohcfze ýf
e
maflcfsersc. Csthoc je prcshýf hfhmhej cf cj tefquc.
]ajumhýf
Letas lc je te`je7
\¾M ^ vi vk
^ar tefta7
<. Sf rcmhphcftc rïkhla lc >.>3 o = sc cfmucftre hfhmhejocftc jjcfa maf vepar
lc ekue seturela e 5 `er, cj ekue sc cfirïe beste ;3 ·M.
e) Pcejhzer cj csqucoe lcj pramcsa cf uf lhekreoe ^-Y maf rcjemhýf e je jïfce lc
seturemhýf. `) Muej cs je prcshýf ihfej cf `er.
m) Bejjer je mefthlel lc mejar trefsicrhla lcslc cj vepar
vepar lc ekue cf
DG. ]ajumhýf
e) Pcejhzeoas cj csqucoe7
`)
;3¾M ? >.=232 `er
^(`er)
< 5
5
>.=232 = 0
5 >.>>5><=0 5.98<
R? ………….(H)
^(`er
^(`er)) vaj
vajuoc
uocf
f csp
cspcmh
cmhihm
ihmaa Cfcrkï
Cfcrkïee hft
hftcr
crfe
fe
Yi =(o=/dk) Yk=(o=/dk)
/dk) ui
ui(d
(dG/
G/dk
dk)) Sk(
Sk(dG
dG/d
/dk)
k)
5> >.>>5>038 <.5=5 =5=.8 0<;3.8
Pccopjezeoas cf (H)
R?
R
? >.<5 Bejjeoas S0
S0 ? ui = + R (uk< ” ui =)
S0 ? =5=.8 + >.<5 (0<;3.8 ” =5=.8)
S0 ? 50>>.02 dG/dk
Bejjeoas oese lcj tefquc
Yk
o t
ot ? >.>08 dk
m)Bejjeoas cj mejar trefsicrhla7
U ? o *EB
U ? >.>08*(0<;3.8
>.>08*(0<;3.8 ” 50>>.02)
U ? =9.880 dG/dk
3. Sfe sustefmhe quc sc cfmucftre cf su pufta trhpjc thcfc jas shkuhcftcs
vaj÷ocfcs cspcmïihmas7 vi ? 53.9 mo=/kr y 90.< mo =/kr. Maf ufe
oese tatej lc = dk. y cj vajuocf
vajuocf lcj jïquhla
jïquhla y lcj vepar saf hkuejcs.
hkuejcs.
Mejmujer je rcjemhýf oJ/ oY.
]ajumhýf
Letas7
Letas7
Ot ? = dk
Yi ? 53.9 mo=/kr
Yk ? 90.< mo=/kr
YJ ? Yk ]ajhla jhquhla
Csqucoe7
vepar
Maoa7 ot ? oJ + ok
ok ? = ” oJ ……………..(H)
Cftafmcs7
vJ ? vk
oJ*vJ ? ok*vk
oJ*53.
oJ* 9 mo0/kr ? (=-
53.9
oJ) *90.< mo=/kr oJ ? 0.< dk ^ar tefta7 ok ? = ”
0.<
ok ? >.9 dk
Ppte7 <
w6> U6>
Bejjeoas vajuocf
Y ? vi + R (vk ” vi)
Y ? >.>>55;9;+ >.50 (>.>889= ”
>.>>55;9;) Y ?
>.>50829 o=/dk
Ppte7 80.>; %
]hstcoe
^(`er)
05 5
5> 0
Bejjeoas oese
>.283=<>>0 dk
Bejjeoas x
R?
R?
R ? >.<230
Bejjeoas S
^(`er) ui (dG/dk)
(dG/dk) uk(dG/dk)
5> ;95.92 032=.9
U ? o*(u0 - u5)
U ? >.283=<>>0 * (59<3.92 ” 032=.9)
U ? -2=8.;9 dG
Ppte7 - 2=8.;9 DG
Bejjeoas v.
v?
Letas lc je te`je7
Bejjeoas R (mejhlel)
R?
R?
R
? >.><<0 Ppte7 R ? >.><<0
5>. 5> dk lc vepar seturela lc ekue e = `er sc cxpefshafe beste 5.3 `er
euocftefla su vajuocf cf 5> % bejjer je mejhlel ihfej.
]ajumhýf
Letas7
o ? 5> dk v0 ? 55>% v5
^5 ? = `er v0 ? 5.5 v5
^0 ? 5.3 `er
Letas lc je te`je7
^(`er) Yi (dG/dk) Yk(dG/dk)
= >.>>5>;=0 >.9>32
Cf cj shstcoe saja bey vepar par tefta cj vajuocf lcj vepar cs cj vajuocf
tatej y teo`hèf je oese.
? 5 ? ∛
5 ? >.9>32 ∛ 5>
5 ? 9.>32 =
Bejjeoas 0
0 ? >.55* v5
0 ? >.55* 9.>32
=
0 ? >.999=2 o /dk
Bejjeoas x0 (mejhlel)
R
R0
? >.3;3 Ppte7 R 0 ? >.3;3
Y ? >.=o=
\ ? 53>¾M
]ajumhýf7
Cftafmcs7
Ebare7
Mafvhrthcfla7
]ajumhýf7
Cftafmcs7
Pcsp. b? Dg/Dk.
Letas7
]ajumhýf7
Cftafmcs7
? >.>9;3
? 9.;3%
? 9.2%
Pcsp. R ? 9.2 %
5<. Mue
ueffla uf shshst
stco
coee pe
pese
se lc
lcjj cste
cstel
la e ej ` e ja je jerk
rka
a lc je
trefsia
trefsiaroe
roemhý
mhýf
f em` rcmh`c ufe mef mefthl
thlel
el lc meja
mejarr lc 0>>>>
0>>>> mej y
rcejhze ;.3>> mej lc tre`ega.
]ajumhýf7
Letas7
? 0>>>>
? ;3>>
Cftafmcs7
∉ ? 503>>
]h ?
03>>
Cftafmcs7
? 53>>
`) ]h ? 3>>>
? ;3>>
m) ? > ∉ ? 5>>>> Cftafmcs7
? ∉ +
? ∐ +
^ramcsa hsamarhma7
?
03
>>
Cftafmcs7
]ajumhýf7
Maoa7
X maoa7
59. Sf rcmhphcftc
rcmhphcftc rïkhl
rïkhla
a y bcroèthma mafthcfc
mafthcfc 5> Dk., lc jïquh
jïquhla
la y >.>=
Dk..
Dk Lc ve
vepa
parr lc B0A cf cquhjh`rha e 0.3 `er. Bejjer cj vajuocf lcj
rcmhphcftc cf lo= Letas7
]ajumhýf7
Jucka7
Cftafmcs7
]ajumhýf7
]h
^ `er
>.<088
3 >.=;<8 0395.0
Lc laflc7
^ere
]ajumhýf7
Cftafmcs7
Pcsp. b ?. Dg/Dk.
? 3 ? =>>¾
Hsatèrohma ]ajumhýf7
\ Y
02> >.3>=<
=>> 5
=0> >.3<59
Lc laflc7
Maoa7
Cf je oczmje sc thcfc
Maoa7
]h
^ar ja tefta
0>. Cf uf rcmhphcftc lc 2> lo = sc thcfc vepar seturela e < `er4 cstc
rcmh
rcmhph
phcf
cftc
tc sc lc
lcge
ge cf
cfir
irhe
herr be
best
stee qu
qucc je pr
prcs
cshý
hýf
f lc
lcme
mecc be
best
stee 5 `e
`er.
r.
Lctcrohfer je oese quc sc be maflcfsela. Letas7
]ajumhýf7
Jucka7
Maoa7
? 5 ∐
? 5 ∐ >.0;03
? >.;0;3
Cftafmcs7
∛ ?
? ∛
? >.;0;3 ∛ >.5;=
? >.5032
]ajumhýf7
Cftafmcs7
>.
Pcsp. ? 9.2 %