Mesfód mf ic ãacrc mf \fpcrte`eðj

@ãacrc mf `crhc d `ãacrc mf rfpcrte`eðj

]cjqu f mf fjtrcmc;

@djsemfrcjmd uj tefapd mf rftfj`eðj mf 3 aej.

]fjfads; _ 1S x t

_ 1 >.>= x ?> 1 <.=> a 0, pcrc b 1 0.> ats.

C1 <.=>a0/0 1 >.2> a<

l 1<c (rfic`eðj icrhd-cj`bd)

c x <c1 >.2> a<

 1 ∛>.<2> 1 >.=> 
]dacads fjtdj`fs
fjtdj`fs c 1 >.=> ats. U l 1 <.2>ats. y b 1 0.> ats.

_F\]FMD\; (Mesfód sfhûj C`fvfmd ^ãh. 85)

S1 >.>= a0/sfh

S13.202.IxB

Fifheads; I 1 3.> ats., tfjfads, tcjtfcjmd;

>= > 1  1>.><38?

3.2>.023.
 B 1 >.>>
>. >>0<
0<>5 2 at s
>52

^crc I 1 >.?> ats., tfjfads;

>.>= ?>1> 1  1>.>0?<8

3.202>.
B 1 >.>>
>. >>?5
?5>8 2 at s
>82

^crc I 1 >.6> ats., tfjfads;

>.>= 1  1>.>=06<

3.202>.6>
B 1 >.>>
>. >>5>
5>22 at s

I'1 I->.<>
I->.<> B 1 >.6> - >.<> x >.>>5>21 >.=52 ats.

^crc mds `djtrc``edjfs tfjfads quf;

 
1.   ( ∜∜ )  
]dacjmd B 1 >.>>5>2 dltfjfads I;

< >. > >5>2 

>.>=13.202 ( ∜∜ 3> )  >.>>5>2 

>.>>.>3651
>365
>= 1  ∜>.>>323?
>323?
 <6.3?∜>.>>323?1ℊ

 1 .  
@calecads B1 >.0> dltfjmrácads fi jufvd I;

< >. 0 >

>.>=13.202 ( ∜ ∜ 3> )  >.0>  

>.>.0>><= 1  ∜∜ >.>?

>.30<=∜>.>?1ℊ
 1 .  
 I'1 I-.<B1>.>8-.<>x>.0>1 3.>3ats.

]fjmrácads fjtdj`fs;

I 1 3.>8ats. y I' 1 3.>3ats.

Mesfód mf ic cjciftc ^crsbcii U ]cjquf Mf
Mdseoe`c`eðj
@cjci mf cprdxeac`eðj mfi ^crsbcii

 

^dr Acjjejh 1     (Pdtfid ^ãh. <5=-<56)


F`uc`eðj mf `djtejuemcm; S1 C x v

j 1 >.>33

S 1 >.>= ats0/sfh.

C1 L x I

Csuae
Csuaefjm
fjmd;
d; I 1 3.3> y P 1 >.>3, tfjfads;
tfjfads;


1


C 1 3.3> x3.62 1 3.802 ats <

^a13.3> +3.3> +3.62 1 0.82ats.

.  


1 1 . 

 


.  



tfjfads fjtdj`fs;
 
  
1 (>.>3) (>.=658) 1 6.=3= : <.6> (Jd `bfqufc)
.  

^rd`fmfads
^rd`fmfads c mesaej
mesaejuer
uer ic pfjmefjtf
pfjmefjtf c; P 1 >.
>.>>
>>6
6
  
  
1 (>.>>6) (>.=658) 1 0.2<2 : <.6> (Jd `bfqufc)
.  

^crc
^crc P 1 >.>><6
 
  
1 (>.>><6) (>.=658) 1 <.8>8 : <.6> (Jd `bfqufc)
.  

^crc P 1 >.>><
 
  
1 (>.>><) (>.=658) 1 <.=<3 : <.6> (@bfqufc)
.  

^crc
^crc P 1 >.>>36
 
  
1 (>.>>36) (>.=658) 1 <.>58 : <.6> (@bfqufc)
.  

^crc P 1 >.>>3
 
  
1 (>.>>3) (>.=658) 1 3.83< : <.6> (@bfqufc)
.  
 ]cjquf dseoe`cmdr mf Suáae`ds

^crãaftrds mf mesfód;

S 1 >.32> a0/sfh.
^urfzc; 26%
@dj`fjtrc`eðj;
@dj`fjtrc`eðj; 36% 1 36> h/i
Mdses mf Cpie`c`eðj; 3> ah/iet ,

q 1 MS/^@

q; vdiuafj mf sdiu`eðj (3/s)

M; mdses mf cpie`c`eðj (h/a0 d ah/3)

^; purfzc (%)
@; `dj`fjtrc`eðj (h/3)
S; `cumci (a 0 /s
/sfh.)

q 1 3>x>.32>/>.26x36> 1 >.>3= i/s

_diuafj mfi tcjquf; >.>3= x 2?=>> 1 3<3> 3/mác + 6% pcrc mfpðsetd

_ 1 3088 + ?3 1 3<83 ietrds 1 3.<83 a0

^crc meiu`eðj sf uteiezcrã ujc rfic`eðj 3;3> mf chuc

_1 3.<83 x 3>1 3<.83 a0

Meafjsedjfs; 0.>> x 0.>> x 3.6>

 ãi`uid mf ^crsbcii

@djme`edjfs bemrãuie`cs mf fjtrcmc;

Bl/Bc 9 >.8> (Jdtc # 3, mf Crldifmc, ^ãh. 33>)

>.=> 9 Bc/X 9 >.2> (Jdtc # <, mf Crldifmc, ^ãh.

33>)

^crc X 1 <.>' 1 ?3.> `as.

j 1 3.6
3.666 y G 1 3.=<?
3.= <? (]cli
(]clicc EEE.=
EEE.=,, Crldif
Crldifmc)
mc)

S1 G x bjc
 . /.66
ℊ 1  ℊ1(.) 1 >.>55
>55 

 1 >.>55 1>.3?
 >.3
]clic EEE.0 (Crldifmc)

X (`as) C L @ M F O H G J
<.>' ?3.> 36<.6 3=5.? 53.6 3<>.8 53.6 ?3.> 53.6 8.? <<.5

M '1 < /0 ” ((M

M”X) + X 1 </0 ” (3.<>8”>.?3)+)+ >.?31 3.>>2
(Cj`bd mf ic `cjciftc fj ic sf``eðj afmec).
 _fid`emcm fj ic sf``eðj M';


 1 ‼
 1 3.>>2>.>.>= >55 1>.=> 

Fjfrhác fspf`eoe`c;
  
 1    +  + 
. 
 1   .
.  +.+.
F 1 >.00? ats.

@djme`edjfs fj ic hcrhcjtc

_fid`emcm cjtfs mfi rfscitd;

 ∜        1 ∜     
   .
.   .. 
 ∜∜ ..
. 1∜.
 ..  1 ∜ .
 ∜ .   + . . 1  ----- _3
_311 <.=?0
 Citurc cjtfs mfi scitd bemrãuie`d

1 >.>=
<.=?0x >.?3

1 >.><?? ats.

Juafrd mf Ordumf

 1  ℊ <.= ?0
 1 ∛5.23  >.><?? 1=.2<
Jo 1. fjtrf =.6 y 5.>

@djme`edjfs mf sciemc

Citurc mfspuås mfi rfscitd;

 1   +    ∜ 

  1 >.><??  + (.) ∜ 
 1.
 1 >.><?? 1>.<? 9>.8>
 >.>55
Puafrhfj`ec;

ℊ
 1  ∜ 
>. 3 ?2∜>. <
 1 >.>55 1>.>0><5
P 1 >.
> . >0
>0 > 9 > . 8 >

b o 1 bc + J ” b<

bo 1 >.>55 + >.<<5 ” >.3?2

bo1>.3? a