5/20/2022

!!= ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg M % j6f k|Zg

!!=! d"Nof+sgsf] cjwf/0ff, p2]Zo / dxTj
!!=@ lzIf0fdf lgdf{0ffTds / lg0f{ofTds d"Nof+sgsf] pkof]u
!!=# lzIfs lgld{t / :t/Ls[t k/LIff
!!=$ ljlzli6s/0f tflnsf lgdf{0f / pkof]u
ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg !!=% ljBfno lzIffdf n]6/ u|]l8ªk4lt M cjwf/0ff, cEof;, ;d:of /
k|efjsfl/tfsf pkfox?
!!=^ k/LIff / d"Nof+sgsf ;fwg tyf tl/sfx?
!!=& glthf ljZn]if0f / o;sf] pkof]u
kbd/fh cfrfo{ pk;lrj !!=* lzIf0fdf lg/Gt/ d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL / o;sf] pkof]u
!!=( lzIfs lgld{t k/LIffsf] j}wtf / ljZj;lgotf
!!=!) ljBfno txdf lnOg] k/LIffsf] ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg / k|df0fLs/0f
!!=!! ljBfyL{ d"NofÍgsf cEof;x?
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

k|Zgx?
!= b]xfosfdWo] s'g cjwf/0ff ;a}eGbf gjLg xf] <
s_ dfkg
v_ k/LIf0f
!!=! d"Nof+sgsf] cjwf/0ff, p2]Zo / dxTj u_ cfFsng
3_ d"Nof+sg
@= dfqfTds cleJolQm b]xfosfdWo] s'g xf] <
s_ dfkg
v_ k/LIf0f
u_ cfFsng
3_ d"Nof+sg
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

k|Zgx? k|Zgx?
#= lgodfg';f/ c+sg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ s] elgG5 < %= d"Nof+sgsf] kl/efiff;Fu ;a}eGbf a9L d]n vfg] zAb s'g xf] <
s_ dfkg v_ k/LIf0f s_ sdhf]/L kQfnufpg' v_ k/LIff lng'
u_ cfFsng 3_ d"Nof+sg u_ d"No lgwf{/0f 3_ c+sg ug'{
$= g]kfnL ljifodf s'g} ljBfyL{n] !)) k"0ff{+sdf ^% c+s k|fKt ^= ljBfyL{sf] k|ultsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{' s'g d"Nof+sgsf] k|sf/ xf] <
u/\of] eg] of] b]xfosfdWo] s] xf] < s_ lgdf{0ffTds
s_ dfkg v_ :yfg lgwf{/0f
v_ k/LIf0f u_ lg0f{ofTds
u_ cfFsng 3_ lgbfgfTds
3_ d"Nof+sg

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

1
 5/20/2022

k|Zgx? Evaluation मलू ्यांकन

&= l;sfOsf] j}wtf lgwf{/0f s'g d"Nof+sgn] ub{5 < (Judgement)
s_ lgdf{0ffTds v_ :yfg lgwf{/0f
u_ lg0f{ofTds 3_ lgbfgfTds Assessment आकलन
(Data interpretation)
*= lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sgsf] d'Vo k|of]hg s] xf] <
s_ sdhf]/L kQfnufpg' Measurement मयपन
v_ klxrfg ug'{ (Data collection)
u_ lg/Gt/ d"Nof+sg ug'{
3_ ;'wf/ ug'{ Test परीक्षण/परीक्षय
(Exam Conduction)

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

k/LIff jf k/LIf0f -Test_

d"Nof+sg, cfFsng, dfkg / k/LIf0fdWo]
 ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] cjwf/0ff dfkg xf]
 ;a}eGbf gjLg cjwf/0ff cfFsng xf] .
 dfkgsf] ljlzi6 ;fwg jf ljlw xf] .
 k|Zgx¿sf] ;d"x jf >[+vnf xf], k/LIffyL{x¿n] lglZrt / ;xL pQ/ lbg'kg]{ .
 k|Zgx¿sf] ;Fufnf]nfO{ . oL k|Zgx¿ ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt pknlAw hfFRg]
k|ltlglws gd"gf x'g\ .
 ljBfyL{x¿n] lnlvt k|ltlqmof cleJoQm ub{5g\ h;sf] n]vfhf]vf4f/f JolQm
ljz]ifsf] l;sfO pknlAwsf] dfqf cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 .
 dflg;sf] Jojxf/ n]vfhf]vfsf nflu o:tf ;fwgsf] cfjZostf kg]{
 JolQmdf cGtlg{lxt ljlzi6 u'0fx¿ -u'0ffTds kIf_ nfO{ Jojxf/sf] ¿kdf
cjnf]sg of]Uo t'NofpFg k|of]u ul/g] . Jojxf/sf] ljlzi6 If]q h:t} l;sfO
pknlAw, a'l4dtf, ?lr, sf}zn, of]Uotf cflb;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

dfkg -Measurement_ dfkg -Measurement_

 dfqfTds cleJolQm  ljBfyL{sf] Jojxf/nfO{ lglZrt lgodx?sf] cfwf/df cª\s
 lglZrt lgodsf cfwf/df ;+VofTds cleJolQm ug'{ k|bfg ul/g] .
 lgod cg';f/ c+sg ug'{ dfkg xf] . – Tyler  dfkg d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/e"t ;fwg tyf k|lqmof xf] .
pbfx/0f M !)) k"0ff{ª\ssf] s'g} ljifodf ljBfyL{n] %%
cª\s k|fKt ug'{ .
 k/LIf0faf6 ;+VofTds gfk slt eof] egL l;sfOsf]
u'0ffTds kIfnfO{ kl/df0fdf abNg] k|lqmofnfO{ dfkg
elgG5 .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

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dfkgsf k|sf/ -@ k|sf/sf_

cf+sng -Assessment_
 ef}lts jf kl/df0ffTds dfkg M b'/L, prfO, tf}n cflb .
 l;sfO;DaGwL ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ / ltgLx¿sf] l;sfO k|ultaf/]
 dfgl;s jf u'0ffTds dfkg M z}lIfs, dgf]j}1flgs cflb . n]vfhf]vf ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof -k/LIf0f / u}/k/LIf0f ;fwgsf]
dfkgsf dfkgLx? jf :s]n -$ k|sf/sf_M k|of]udfkm{t k|fKt ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0f_,
 cfFsngn] kl/df0ffTds / u'0ffTds n]vfhf]vfsf] ;fy} u'0fsf]
:6]e]G;sf cg';f/ rf/ efudf ck]Iff ul/Psf] dfkb08nfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g],
!= gfdf+sg jf juL{s/0f dfkgL (Nominal Scale)  cfFsngn] u'0fnfO{ dfkg ug]{, o;sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug'{sf ;fy}
pknlAwnfO{ k"j{lgwf{l/t dfkb08;Fu t'ngf klg ub{5 .
@= qmdfut :s]n (Ordinal Scale)
 ;du|df cfFsng eg]sf] s'g} klg j:t' jf k|lqmofdf /x]sf]
#= cGt/fn :s]n (Interval Scale) u'0fnfO{ k"j{lgwf{l/t dfkb08x¿;Fu t'ngf ul/g] k|lqmof xf] .
$= cg'kflts :s]n (Ratio Scale)
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nof+sg d"Nof+sg
 dfkg / d"No lgwf{/0fsf] ;lDdlnt :j?k k|Zg M d"Nof+sg s] xf] <
 s'g} klg j:t'sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|lqmof s_ dfkg ug'{
 ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n eP gePsf] eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/ 0f v_ :t/ lgwf{/0f ug'{
ug]{ sfo{, u_ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug'{
 lg0f{o ug{ ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{ lj1fg 3_ k/LIf0f ug'{
 o;n] j:t' jf k|lqmofsf] kl/df0ffTds tyf u'0ffTds n]vfhf]vf
u5{ . -cfFsngn] k"j{lgwf{l/t dfkb08;Fu klg t'ngf u5{ ._
 o;n] slt 5 / s:tf] 5 < b'j} k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbG5 .
 d"Nof+sgdf k/LIf0f / u}/ k/LIf0fsf ;fwgx? k|of]u ul/G5g\ .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nofª\sg -Evaluation_ d"Nofª\sg

 z}lIfs p2]Zox¿nfO{ s'g xb;Dd k|fKt ug{ ;lsof] egL ls6fg ug]{  ;dli6df d"Nof+sg Ö kl/df0ffTds n]vfhf]vf±u'0ffTds n]vfhf]vf±
k|lqmof – Tyler d"No lgwf{/0f
 lg0f{o ug{ ;+sng ul/Psf] jf k|of]u ul/Psf] ;"rgf –  k|d'v p4]Zo M ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO jf Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] n]vfhf]vf
Cronbach u/L ck]lIft pknlJw xfl;n eof] jf ePg egL lg0f{o lgdf{0f ug'{
 lg0f{o ug{sf nflu cfjZos ;"rgf k|bfg ug'{ d"Nof+sg xf] . – xf] .
Stuffle Beam
 d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfd . – Gronlund
 j:t'sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|lqmof : Goods dictionary of
Education
 d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ Pp6f k"0f{ k|lqmof M Thorndike and hagen
 Pp6f k|lqmof xf] h;af6 Pp6f sfo{sf] d"No kQf nufOG5 :
Briggs and Justmen पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

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dfkg / d"Nof+sgaLr km/s d"Nof+sgsf p2]Zo

dfkg
;Lldt If]q x'G5 .
t'ngfTds cWoog ub}{g .
5f]6f] ;dodf w]/} ;fwg
rfFlxb}g .
d"Nof+sg  >]0fLs/0f / :yfg lgwf{/0f -Grading and Placement_
Jofks x'G5 .  k|df0fLs/0f -Certifying_
t'ngfTds cWoog ub{5 .  z}Ifl0fs ;'wf/ -Instructional improvement_
nfdf] ;do / kof{Kt ;fwg  l;sfOsf] pGglt -Promotion of learning_
;|f]tsf] cfjZostf  Forward looking ससकाइका लाचि मूलर्ाांकन

c+sdfq k|bfg ub{5 . k|fKt c+ssf] JofVof ub{5 .  Backward looking ससकाइको मूलर्ाांकन

eljiojf0fL ug{ sl7g pko'Qm eljiojf0fL ub{5 .

of] kl/df0ffTds÷;+VofTds kl/df0ffTds / u'0ffTds b'j}
ljj/0f xf] . xf] . पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nof+sgsf k|sf/
!_ d"Nof+sgnfO{ lgdf{0ffTds / lg0f{ofTds u/L b'O{ k|sf/df juL{s/0f
s;n] u/]sf x'g\ <
!!=@lzIf0fdf lgdf{0ffTds / lg0f{ofTds d"Nof+sgsf] s_ u'|8n08 v_ :6km\n]ljd u_ 6fon/ 3_ :qmfOa]g
@_ d"Nof+sgnfO{ :yfg lgwf{/0f, lgdf{0ffTds, lg0f{ofTds /
pkof]u
lgbfgfTds u/L $ k|sf/df s;n] juL{s/0f u/]sf x'g\ <
s_ u|'8n08 v_ :6km\n]ljd u_ 6fon/ 3_ :qmfOa]g
#_ /rgfTds d"Nof+sg eGgfn] s'gnfO{ hgfp5 <
s_ :yfg lgwf{/0f, v_ lgdf{0ffTds,
u_ lg0f{ofTds 3_ lgbfgfTds
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

:yfg lgwf{/0ffTds d"Nof+sg

d"Nof+sgsf k|sf/x?
 lzIffljb\ DofNsd :sfOe|]gsf cg';f/ d"Nof+sgsf b'O{ k|sf/ M  प्रवेश परीक्षा
cyf{t d"Nof+sgsf d'Vo k|sf/ @  शैक्षक्षक सत्रको शुरूमा लिइने
-s_ lgdf{0ffTds d"Nof+sg /  भनाा भन्दा अक्षि लिइने
 ववद्यार्थीिाइा उपयुक्त कक्षा वा कोसामा भनाा गराउनका िालग
-v_ lg0f{ofTds d"Nof+sg
लिइने
 Linn / Grounlund sf cg';f/ d"Nof+sg $ k|sf/sf
-s_ :yfg lgwf{/0f d"Nof+sg -Placement Test_
-v_ lgdf{0ffTds d"Nof+sg -Formative Test_
-u_ lg0f{ofTds d"Nof+sg -Summative Test_
-3_ lgbfgfTds d"Nof+sg -Diagnostic Test_
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

4

lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sg
 /rgfTds, ;'wf/fTds, ;lqmo, cGtl/d d"Nof+sg
 cgf}krfl/s d"Nof+sg, lg/Gt/ k|s[ltsf]
 l;sfO / lzIf0fdf ;'wf/ d'Vo p2]Zo
 l;sfOsf nflu d"Nof+sg
 lzIfs ljBfyL{ b'j}nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f lbg]
 l;sfOsf] k|ultsf] n]vfhf]vf ub{5 .
 sIff sfo{, u[x sfo{, PsfO k/LIff, q}dfl;s k/LIff, cjnf]sg
df}lvs k|Zg, xflh/L hjfkm cflb lgdf{0ffTds d"Nof+sgsf ;fwg .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
lg0f{ofTds d"Nof+sg
cjwf/0ff
•clGtd d"Nof+sg, cf}krfl/s d"Nof+sg,
•clGtd jf jflif{s k/LIff o;sf] pbfx/0f
•pQL0f{÷cg'QL{0f{ jf >]0fL lgwf{/0f ug]{ jf lg0f{o lbg] k|d'v p2]Zo
•l;sfO pknlAwnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ jf a}wtf k|bfg ug]{
•Ps z}lIfs ;qleq ljBfyL{x¿n] k|fKt u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ 1fg, ;Lk / clej[lt
hfFr ul/g]
•lg0f{ofTds d"Nof+sgn] nIo k|flKtsf] n]vfhf]vf ub{5 .
•ljBfnodf k|To]s z}lIfs ;qsf] cGtdf lnOg] jflif{s k/LIff jf clGtd
k/LIff o;sf] pbfx/0f xf]
lgbfgfTds d"Nof+sg
 pkrf/fTds d"Nof+sg
 lgbfg zAbsf] cy{ s'g} klg jt{dfg cj:yfsf] sf/s tTj klxrfg ug]{
k|lqmof xf] .
 o;nfO{ jt{dfg cj:yfsf] ;d:ofsf] sf/0f klxrfg u/L o;sf] lg/fs/0fsf]
nflu Ps Jojl:yt k|lqmofsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/G5 .
 o; sfo{sf nflu k|of]u x'g] k/LIf0fnfO{ lgbfgfTds k/LIf0f jf d"Nof+sg
elgG5 .
 lzIff tyf dgf]lj1fgsf] If]qdf lgbfgfTds k/LIf0fsf] ljsf; lrlsT;fsf] If]q
cGtu{t k|of]u ul/g] k/LIf0fx?sf] cjwf/0ffsf] cfwf/df ePsf] xf] .
 lrlsT;sn] ljleGg k/LIf0fx? k|of]u u/]/ /f]usf] k/LIf0f u/] h:t} lzIff
If]qdf k|of]u ul/Psf] lgbfgfTds k/LIf0fx?n] JolQmsf] dgf]j1
} flgs
;d:ofx? klxrfg u/L ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu cfjZos pkfox? k|of]u
ub{5 .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
5/20/2022
lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgsf p2]Zox?
 l;sfOsf] k|ultsf] lg/Gt/ n]vfhf]vf ug'{
 lzIf0f of]hgfnfO{ ;xL ?kdf sfof{Gjog u/fpg' .
 ljBfyL{sf sdL sdhf]/L kQf nufpg' .
 lzIf0f l;sfO lqmofsnfkdf ;'wf/ Nofpg' .
 lzIf0f l;sfOdf b]vf k/]sf q'l6x? x6fpg tTsfn} k[i7kf]if0f
nfu" ug'{ .
 lzIf0f ljlwnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' .
 lzIfs ljBfyL{ aLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod u/fpg' .
 ljBfyL{sf ;Dk"0f{ cg'ej / Jojxf/x?sf] b}lgs n]vfhf]vf ug'{ .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
lg0f{ofTds d"Nof+sgsf] k|of]u
•sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo k"/f eP gePsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{
•z}lIfs lqmofsnfkx?sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] d"Nof+sg ug{
•k|df0fkq ljt/0f ug\{ / sIff pQL{0f{ u/fpg
•ljBfyL{sf] k|ult / :t/ yfxf kfpg
•of]hgfsf] j}wtf, cf}lrTotf / k|dfl0fstf k|bfg ug{
•z}lIfs ;+:yfsf] k|ult, ljsf;, lj:tf/ / :t/ yfxf kfpg
•jfXo lgsfonfO{ glthf af]w u/fpg
lgbfgfTds d"Nof+sg
 lzIff If]qdf lgbfgfTds k/LIf0f ljz]if u/]/ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO
;d:ofx? klxrfg u/L pkrf/fTds lzIf0f ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{ cfwf/
lbG5 .
 logLx?nfO{ ljBfyL{sf] Jojxfl/s, ;fd~h:o, JolQmTj, ;+ju ] fTds
cflb ;d:ofx? klxrfg u/L ltgLx?sf] lg/fs/0f ug{sf nflu
cfjZos pkfox? 5gf]6 ug{df ;d]t k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
 lgbfgfTds d"Nof+sgsf] cGtdf k/fdz{sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o;
d"Nof+sgn] pkrf/fTds lzIf0fsf] cfjZostf cf}NofpF5 .
 lzIff / dgf]lj1fgsf] If]qdf k|of]u ul/g] lgbfgfTds k/LIf0fx¿
ax'k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . o;sf] nflu cGtjf{tf{, cjnf]sg,
36gfj[Q clen]v, ;l~rt clen]v, lnlvt k/LIf0fsf] ;fy} k|fdfl0fs
k/LIf0fx¿ klg k|of]u ul/G5g\ .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
5

lgbfgfTds d"Nof+sgsf p2]Zox?
 lgbfgfTds sfo{sf cfwf/df ;'wf/fTds Pjd\ pkrf/fTds lzIf0f ug{
 lgdf{0ffTds d"Nof+sgn] ;dfwfg ug{ g;s]sf l;sfO ;d:of xn ug{
 hl6n / ljlzi6 l;sfO ;d:ofsf cfwf/e"t sf/0f vf]hL u/L pkrf/ ljlw
k|bfg ug{,
 ljBfyL{df x'g] l;sfO ;d:of jf sl7gfOsf] sf/0f klxrfg u/L lg/fs/0f
ug{
 ljBfyL{sf Jojxfl/s, ;+j]ufTds cflb ;d:ofx? klxrfg u/L To;sf]
;dfwfgdf k|of]u ug{
 ljBfyL{sf] JolQmTj / ;fd~h:osf ;d:ofx?sf] lg/fs/0f ug{
 z}lIfs dfu{bz{g / k/fdz{sf] cfwf/ l;h{gf ug{ .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
k/LIf0fsf k|sf/
-s_ :t/o'Qm -k|fdfl0fs_ k/LIff
 k/LIff ;~rfng k|lqmof / pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f ug]{ ljlw k"j{ 3f]lift
/ Ps} k|sf/sf] x'g] k/LIff .
 j}wtf, ljZj;lgotf, j:t'lgi7tf / bIftf :t/o'Qm k/LIffsf
u'0fx¿
 dfgssf] lgwf{/0f -glthfsf] JofVof ug]{ cfwf/_
 glthf t'ngf ug{ ;lsg] / ;fdfGoLs/0f ug{ ;lsg]
 ljifout j}wtfsf] sdL x'g] .
 ljz]if1n] lgdf{0f u/]sf k|Zgx¿ ;dfj]z . o;sf] pbfx/0fsf]
¿kdf SAT, GMAT, GRE, lag]sf] a'l4dtf k/LIf0f, s'8/sf] ?lr
k/LIf0f cflb kb{5g\ . /fli6«o jf k|b]z:t/sf k/LIff
 k|Zgkq lgdf{0f / k/LIf0fdf Ps¿ktf
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
!!=$ ljlzli6s/0f tflnsf lgdf{0f / pkof]u
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
5/20/2022
!!=# lzIfs lgld{t / :t/Ls[t k/LIff
lzIfs lgld{t M u}/k|fdfl0fs, :t/ lgwf{/0f
gePsf] k/LIff, sIffsf]7fsf] k/LIf0f
:t/Ls[t k/LIff M k|fdfl0fs k/LIff,
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
k/LIf0fsf k|sf/
-v_ lzIfs lgld{t jf u}/k|fdfl0fs k/LIf0f
 s'g} kf7 jf ljifoj:t'sf] lzIf0fkl5 ck]lIft pknAwL dfkg ug{
lzIfsåf/f ;~rfng, k/LIf0f, c+sg / JofVof ul/g] k/LIff
 o;nfO{ sIffsf]7fsf] k/LIf0f klg elgg]
 dfgs lgwf{/0f gx'g] . sIffsf ljBfyL{aLr pknlAwsf] t'ngf
ul/g] .
 t'ngfTds ¿kdf ljZj;lgotf sd ePklg ljifout j}wtf pRr
x'G5 .
 ljBfyL{sf] of]Uotf,¿lr / cfjZostf kQf nufpg k|of]u .
 ljgf of]hgf, 5f]6f] / cbIf k/LIffsf] k|of]u .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
ljlzli6s/0f tflnsf
cjwf/0ff
 k|Zgkq lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf
 kf7\oqmdsf ;a} kf7 / p2]Zo ;d]6\g] u/L k|Zg lgdf{0f ug{ agfOg]
of]hgf÷tflnsf
 o;df k|Zg slt ;f]Wg], lsg ;f]Wg], sxfFaf6 ;f]Wg], s'g txsf k|Zg ;f]Wg]
eGg]h:tf s'/f ;dfj]z ul/Psf x'G5g\ .
 pQm tflnsfdf kf7\oqmdsf p2]Zo, ljifoj:t', cª\sef/, ;do cflbnfO{
Vofn u/L s'g PsfOaf6 s:tf / sltcf]6f k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg], s'g k|Zg slt
cª\ssf] /fVg], s'g k|ZgnfO{ slt ;do lbg], k|Zgdf 1fg, ;Lk / pRr
IfdtfnfO{ s'gs'g k|Zgaf6 d"Nofª\sg ug]{h:tf s'/fx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
x'G5 .
 ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfn] ljifoj:t'ut j}wtf lgwf{/0f ug{ lgb]{lzt ub{5 .
 k/LIffsf] :t/Ls/0f, Ps¿ktf / j}wtfsf nflu ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfn]
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ns] f] x'G5 .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
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ljlzli6s/0f tflnsf
ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfsf] k|of]uaf6 x'g] ;xof]u
 pko'Qm k|Zgkqsf] lgdf{0f ug{
 ljifout j}wtf ;'lglZrt ug{
!!=& glthf ljZn]if0f / o;sf] pkof]u
 ;do, k"0ff{ª\s tyf k|Zg;ª\Vof olsg ug{,
 s'g ljwf jf If]qaf6 s:tf / slt k|Zg lgdf{0f ug]{ eGg] af/]df
lgb]{z ug{,
 ;a} ;Lk / bIftf ;d]6\g] u/L k|Zgkq lgdf{0f ug{,
 k|Zgkq lgdf{0fstf{ / lzIfsnfO{ kyk|bz{g ug{,
 k|ZgkqnfO{ j}1flgs / Jojl:yt agfO{ Ps¿ktf Nofpg,
 z}Ifl0fs of]hgf lgdf{0fdf d"Nof+sgsf k|Zg to ug{ M
 ljBfyL{x¿sf] l;sfOdf clej[l4 ug{ पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

glthf ljZn]if0f glthf ljZn]if0f

cjwf/0ff
 ljBfyL{sf] k|fKtf+ssf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ k|fKt lgisif{nfO{ k|of]udf Nofpg] sfd
glthf ljZn]if0fdf ul/G5 .
 ljleGg tYof+szf:qLo ljlwx? M cf};t, k|ltzt, cg'kft, ;x;DaGw, ljr/
ljZn]if0f, :t/Lo leGgtf cflbsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] .
 cf};t tyf k|ltztsf] a9L k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] .
 glthfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ b'O{ cfwf/ dfkgd"ns dfkg / cfwf/d"ns
dfkgsf] cfwf/ lng ;lsg] .
 dfkgd"ns dfkgdf s'g} ljBfyL{sf] k|fKtf+snfO{ csf]{ ljBfyL{;Fu t'ngf
u/]/ glthfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ul/G5 .
 cfwf/d"ns dfkgdf lgwf{l/t p2]Zosf cfwf/df ljBfyL{sf] dfkg ul/G5 .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
glthf ljZn]if0fsf] k|of]u
 ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf] t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f ug{
 ljBfyL{sf] jf:tljs cj:yf klxrfg
 ljBfyL{ l;sfO ;'wf/sf If]q klxrfg ug{
 lZfIfs ljBfyL{ b'j}nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f lng lbg
• k|Zg ljZn]if0f u/]/ uNtLx¿ ;'wfg{ / /fd|f] k|Zg lgdf{0f ug]{ Ifdtf xfl;n
ug{ .
• sIffdf ljBfyL{nfO{ k[i7kf]if0fåf/f z}lIfs k|ultdf d2t ug{ /
cfTdd"Nofª\sg u/fpg .
• kf7\ok':ts tyf kf7\oj|mddf cfjZos ;'wf/–;+zf]wgdf ;3fp k'ofpg .
• p2]Zo cg'¿k k|Zglgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ jf 5}gg\ egL x]g{ .
• lzIf0fdf ;'wf/ ug{ / l;sfOdf pTk|]/0ff a9fpg .
• cleefjsn] cfˆgf s]6fs]6Lx¿sf k9fOdf ;xof]uपदमराज ug{आचार्य
. उपसचचव

k/LIffsf lsl;d jf ;fwgx?

!= df}lvs k/LIff @= lnlvt k/LIff #= k|of]ufTds k/LIff

ljifout k/LIff j:t'ut k/LIff

!!=^ k/LIff / d"Nof+sgsf ;fwg tyf
tl/sfx? 5f]6f] pQ/fTds k|Zg lgaGwfTds k|Zg != 7Ls a]7Ls k|Zg

!= j0f{gfTds k|Zg @= vfnL 7fp“ eg]{ k|Zg

@= t'ngfTds k|Zg
#= ;f/f+z n]Vg] k|Zg
$= /fo JoQm ug]{ k|Zg
%= :jtGq ljrf/ cleJolQm ug]{ k|Zg
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
#= ax'a}slNks k|Zg
$= hf]8f ldnfpg] k|Zg
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

7
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k|Zgsf k|sf/ k|Zgsf k|sf/

-!_ ljifout k|Zg
 k|Zgsf] :jtGq ?kdf hjfkm n]Vg ;lsg]
 1fgsf] ;fy} efiff z}nL, df}lnstf, 5gf}6 ug]{, ;+u7g ug]{,
k|:t'tLs/0f ug]{ Ifdtf hfFRg pkof]uL
 k/LIfsn] JolQmut dfkb08 k|of]u u/]/ hfFRg]
 k"jf{u|xsf] k|efj kg]{
 ljifoj:t'sf] ;Dk"0f{ If]qnfO{ g;d]6\g]
 5gf}6 u/]/ k9\g] afgLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{
 k/LIffyL{n] ukmåf/f em'Sofpg ;Sg]
 d"Nof+sgsf] Ps?ktfdf sdL
-s_ ljifout k|Zg
!=lgaGwfTds k|Zg M
j0f{g ug]{, t'ngf ug]{, ;f/f+z n]Vg], ljZn]if0f ug]{, lg0f{o lbg],
5nkmn ug]{, k'li6 ug]{, ;+Zn]if0f ug]{, ;dLIff ug]{ cflb .
 k|of]u M ;fgf] ;d"xsf] k/LIff lng / lbg, 1fgsf] ;fy} efiff z}nL,
5gf}6 ug]{, ;+u7g ug]{, k|:t'tLs/0f ug]{ Ifdtf hfFRg, lnlvt
cleJolQmsf] ;Lk dfkg ug'{kbf{, cle?lr tyf b[li6sf]0f vf]hL ubf{
cflb .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

k|Zgsf k|sf/ j:t'ut k|Zg

-s_ ljifout k|Zg  h]Pd /fO;4f/f k|ltkfbg
@=;+lIfKt pQ/fTds k|Zg M ;fdfGo :d[lt, sf/0f lbg], kl/efiff lbg],  lbPsf] ljsNkdWo] ;xL hjfkm 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{
pbfx/0f lbg], km/s b]vfpg], l6Kk0fL n]Vg], ;"rL lbg], ;+If]kLs/0f  ;xL ljsNk 5gf}6 u/]df k"0ff{+s, gu/]df z"Go c+s k|bfg ul/g]
ug]{ cflb .  d"Nof+sgdf Ps?ktf
 k|of]u M 5f]6f], ;Lldt tyf ljlzi6 pQ/ cfpg] k|Zgåf/f ljBfyL{sf]
 k"jf{u|xsf] k|efj gkg]{
pknlJw hfFRg, lgaGwfTds / j:t'ut k/LIffsf sdhf]/L x6fpg,
 ljifoj:t'sf] Jofks If]qnfO{ ;d]6\g] -ljifout j}wtf pRr x'g]_
;a} txsf p2]Zo dfkg ug{, ljifoj:t'sf] a9L k|ltlglwTj u/fpg
 cg'dfgåf/f ;xL hjfkm lbg ;lsg]
pkof]uL .
 s07 ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf;
 k|Zg agfpg ufx|f]
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

k|Zgsf k|sf/ k|Zgsf k|sf/

-v_ j:t'ut k|Zg -v_ j:t'ut k|Zg
!_ ax'a}slNks k|Zg #_ hf]8f ldnfpg] k|Zg
 a:t'ut k/LIffx¿dWo] of] a9L k|efjsf/L / k|rlnt k|Zg xf] .  Pp6f :tDedf lbOPsf] tYo;Fu csf]{ :tDedf lbOPsf] tYo bfFHg' k5{ .
 36\bf] ljsNksf] k|Zg
 ;a}eGbf 7Ls pQ/df lgb]{zgcg';f/ lrGx nufOG5 .
 k|of]u M ;DaGw klxrfgsf] k/LIf0f ubf{, tYo tYof+s / w|'j;To s'/fx¿ k/LIf0f
 c? a:t'ut k|Zgsf] t'ngfdf c8\sn ug]{ afgLsf] ;Defjgf sd /xG5 . ubf{, k||ZgnfO{ /f]rs agfpFbf, Ps} k|sf/sf ljifoj:t'sf] cTolws k|ltlglwTj
 k|of]u M n]vgsnf, :jtGq lrGtg afx]s k|foM ;a} lsl;dsf pknlAwsf] u/fpFbf .
k/LIf0f ubf{, k/LIf0fnfO{ l56f] ubf{, k|Zgkq k'gM k|of]u ug'{kbf{ . $_vfnL 7fpF eg]{ k|Zg
@_7Ls a]7Ls 5'6\ofpg] k|Zg  dxTjk"0f{ zAb jf jfSof+z lems]/ k|Zg agfOg]
 k|Zgsf] ?kdf lbOPsf] egfO,tYox¿ 7Ls j]7Ls, ;fFrf] em'7f] s] xf] 5'6\ofpg'kg]{  o; k|sf/sf k|Zgdf d'Vo zJb g/fvL k|:t't ul/G5 / ;f]xL :yfgdf ljBfyL{n]
k|ZgnfO{ 7Ls a]7Ls 5'6\ofpg] k|Zg -b'O{ ljsNksf] k|Zg_ k"lt{ ug'{k5{ .
 k|of]u M 1fg txsf s'/fx¿sf] :d/0f hfFr ug{, c+sg l56f] ug'{k/]df, w]/} k|Zg  k|of]u M zAb1fg, ldlt, gfd, ;+Vof / :yfgsf] 1fg hfFRg / cg'dfgsf] e/df
agfpg'kg]{ ePdf . pQ/ lbg] sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{
 pRr txdf klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]
 cGbfhdf klg ldnfpg] x'G5g\ h;n] ubf{ ljZj;lgotfdf sdLउपसचचव
पदमराज आचार्य x'g ;S5 . पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

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cjnf]sg
d"Nof+sgsf u}/k/LIf0f ;fwgx?  ljBfyL{n] l;s]sf s'g} klg s'/fx?nfO{ lqmofTds kIfaf6 jf
ljBfyL{sf] sfo{s'zntfsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfaf6 ul/g] d"Nof+sgnfO{
 cjnf]sg -?h' ;"rL / >]0fLdfkg_ cjnf]sg elgG5 .
 36gfj[Q clen]v  ljBfyL{n] l;k l;sfOsf nflu k|ToIf ?kdf x]/]/ ul/g] d"Nof+sg
 ljBfyL{sf] afgL, Jojxf/, cfr/0f, :jf:Yo, ;fdflhs ;DaGw /
 ;l~rt clen]v Jojxf/sf kIfx?sf] d"Nof+sg lnlvt k/LIffaf6 ug{ sl7g x'g]
 cfTdd"Nof+sg x'Fbf o:tf kIfx?sf] d"Nof+sgsf nflu k|of]u ul/G5 .
 cj:yf cWoog cflb

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

cjnf]sg dfkgsf ;fwg

 cjnf]sg ljlw @ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ M -s_ cf}krfl/s cjnf]sg / - cjnf]sgdf k|of]u x'g] kmf/fdx¿
v_ cgf}krfl/s cjnf]sg != >]0fLdfkg
 s'g} ljz]if u'0fsf] dfkgsf nflu tof/ ul/g]
 k"j{ lgwf{l/t cfwf/df s'g} u'0fsf] :t/df dfkg ug]{ sfd o;df ul/G5 .
 cjnf]sgstf{nfO{ ljz]if u'0fsf] dfkg ug]{ :ki6 / k"j{lgwf{l/t cfwf/ lbG5 .
 ljz]if of]Uotf, cfr/0f, afgL / cGo u'0fx¿sf] ljsf; s'g xb;Dd ePsf] 5
;f] hfFRg cjnf]sg u/]/ ;xL s'/fdf lrGx nufO{ >]0fL hgfpg] k|lqmofnfO{
>]0fLdfkg ljlw elgG5 .
 >]0fL hgfpFbf cTo'Qd, pQd, dWod, lgDg cflb -# b]lv %÷& ;Dd_ >]0fLx¿
/flvg]
 >]0fLdfkg d'VotM /]vfTds / ;+VofTds u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf ePklg k|dfl0fs
:s]n, ;l~rt a'Fbfåf/f :t/ lgwf{/0f / ;Lldt ljsNk ePsf /]l6ª :s]nsf]
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
klg k|of]u u/L kfFr efudf afF8]sf] klg kfOG5 . पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

dfkgsf ;fwg
cjnf]sgdf k|of]u x'g] kmf/fdx¿
@=¿h' ;"rL !!=( lzIfs lgld{t k/LIffsf] j}wtf /
 ljBfyL{sf] Jojxf/, u'0f, ljz]iftf;DaGwL s'/fx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf kQf ljZj;lgotf
nufpg pgLx¿sf] of]Uotf, cfr/0f, afgL;DaGwL jf:tljs ;"rL
tof/ u/L k|To]s ljifodf b]lvPsf jf:tljs pknlAwnfO{ cjnf]sg
u/L ;xL :yfgdf lrGx nufpg] ljlw . -d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?_
 vf; :jefj, cfr/0f / Jojxf/ hfFRg k|of]u x'g]
 klxn] g} tof/ ul/Psf ;"rLx¿dWo] s'g} vf; Pp6fdf lrGx nufOG5
.
 ¿h' ;"rLaf6 k|fKt pknlAwsf] kl/0ffd >]0fLdfkgaf6 k|fKteGbf a9L
ljZj;lgo x'g] .
 tof/ ug{ sl7g, k|of]u ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] . पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

9
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d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

 ljZj;gLotf M Ps?ktf jf lglZrttf jf ;do u'0fsf] dfkg
 j}wtf M k|dfl0fstf jf /rgfTdstf klg elgg] -u'0f jf p2]Zo;+u
;DalGwt_
 j:t'lgi7tf M hxf+ nu]/ jf h;n] k/LIf0f u/]klg ;dfg glthf
 bIftf M l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf z'4tfk"j{s d"Nof+sg ug]{ Ifdtf xf] .
 Jofkstf M k/LIf0fn] ;d]6]sf] If]q;+u Jofkstfsf] ;DaGw
 Jojxfl/stf M k|of]u ug{ ;lhnf]
 lje]bLs/0f M l;sfOdf cAan / sdhf]/ ljBfyL{ klxrfg
 ljZj;lgotf / j}wtf ckl/xfo{ u'0f Pjd\ k|fljlws u'0f x'g .
 ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ u'0f a}wtf xf] . पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
-s_ ljZj;gLotf
 test-retest
 d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgx?af6 k|fKt x'g] lglZrttf / Ps?ktfnfO{ g}
ljZj;lgotf elgG5 .
 olb s'g} k/LIf0fn] ;do u'0fnfO{ k6s k6s dfkg ubf{ o;df
Ps?ktf b]vfk¥of] eg] To:tf] ;fwgnfO{ ljZj;lgotf eGg ;lsG5 .
 ljZj;gLotf ;w} g} dfkgsf] qmdel/ Ps¿k x'g' xf] . -Cronbach
 ljZj;gLotfsf] tfTko{ Ps¿ktf x'g' xf] . –James S. Ross
 d"Nof+sgsf] ;fwgnfO{ k6s k6s k|of]u ubf{ klg To;af6 p:t}
glthf cfpF5 eg] To:tf] ;fwgdf ljZj;lgotf /x]sf] dflgg] .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? ljZj;lgotfsf] dfqf

-s_ ljZj;gLotf ljZj;lgotfsf] dfqf ljZj;lgotfsf] :j?k
 ljZj;lgotfn] dfkgåf/f k|fKt hfgsf/Lsf] l:y/tf, e/ kg{ ;Sg] u'0f,
0.80 eGbf a9L pRr
Ps?ktf, eljiojf0fL ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf / z'4tf af/]df hfgsf/L
lbG5 . 0.60-0.80 ;Dd ;Gtf]ifhgs
 o;sf] u0fgf k|fKtf+sx¿larsf] ;x;DaGwsf cfwf/df ul/G5, h;sf] 0.40-0.60 ;Dd cf};t
dfg ±! / –! sf] aLrdf x'G5 . 0.20-0.40 ;Dd lgDg
 o;sf] dfg hlt !=) sf] lgs6 x'G5, k/LIf0fnfO{ Tolt g} ljZj;lgo 0.0-0.20 ;Dd c;Gtf]ifhgs
dflgG5 .
 ljZj;lgotfdf sdL cfpg] d'Vo sf/0f d"Nof+sgsf] q'l6 g} xf] .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

ljZj;gLotf lgsfNg] ljlwx? -!_ k/LIf0f k'gM k/LIf0f ljlw
 k/LIf0fk'g k/LIf0f ljlw,  k/LIf0f ;fwgnfO{ s'g} ljBfyL{ ;d"xdfly ;~rfng ul/G5 / k'gM s]xL

 ;dfgfGt/ k|f?k ljlw ;dokl5 pQm k/LIf0f ;fwg ;f]xL ljBfyL{ ;d"xdf ;~rfng ul/g]
tl/sfnfO{ k/LIf0f k'gM k/LIf0f ljlw elgG5 .
 c4{ljefhg ljlw
 o; ljlwdf ;dfg k|Zg, ;dfg ljBfyL{x?sf] ;d"xdfly ;dfg
 s'8/ l/rf8{;gsf] ;"q cj:yfdf b'O{ k6s k|of]u ul/G5 .
 b'j} k6ssf] k/LIf0fsf] k|fKtf+ssf] ;x;DaGwåf/f ljZj;gLotfsf] dfqf
lgwf{/0f ul/G5 .
 ;x;DaGwsf]] u'0ffª\ssf] dfg )=* sf] jl/kl/ ePdf /fd|f] dflgG5 .
ljZj;gLotf u'0ffª\s qmdn] )=) b]lv !=) sf] aLrdf x'G5 .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

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d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

k/LIf0f k'gM k/LIf0f ljlw -@_;dfgfGt/ k|f¿k ljlw
 k/LIf0f / k'gM k/LIf0flar ;'xfpFbf] ;dofGt/ x'g'kb{5, h'g ;fdfGotof  b'O{ ;dfgfGt/ k/LIf0f ;fwgx¿ lgdf{0f ul/G5, h;df ljifoj:t'sf] uxgtf,

& b]lv !% lbgsf] x'g'kb{5 . o; ljlwaf6 lgsflng] ljZj;lgotfnfO{
l:y/tfsf] u'0ff+s jf ;"rs elgG5 .
 of] ;a}eGbf ;/n ljlwsf ;fy} ;a}eGbf a9L q'l6k"0f{ ljlw xf] . t/ o;
ljlwdf cj:yf ;dfg /fVg sl7g x'g] ePsfn] a9L q'l6k"0f{ x'G5 .
k|Zgsf] sl7gfO :t/ cflb ;dfg x'g' cfjZos x'G5 .
 o; ljlwdf b'O{ ;d?k k|Zgkqx? tof/ ul/;s]kl5 5f]6f] ;dofGt/df b'j}
k|ZgkqnfO{ ;dfg ljBfyL{sf] ;d"xdf k|of]u ul/G5 . km/s km/s k|Zgx? ePsf]
/ 5f]6f] ;dofGt/ ePsfn] klxnf]sf] cg'ej bf];|f]df x:tfGt/0f x'Fb}g .
 oL b'j} k/LIf0faf6 k|fKt k|fKtf+ssf] ;x;DaGwsf cfwf/df ljZj;lgotfsf] dfqf
lgwf{/0f ul/G5 .
 o:tf] ljZj;lgotfnfO{ Ps?ktf jf ;d?ktfsf] ;"rs klg elgG5 .
 ljZj;lgotf lgsfNg] ;a}eGbf a9L vlr{nf] ljlw ;dfgfGt/ k|f?k ljlw xf] .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

-@_;dfgfGt/ k|f¿k ljlw -#_ c4{ljefhg ljlw
k|Zg lgdf{0f ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ ;t{x?  Pp6f k/LIf0fnfO{ hfFr kZrft hf]/ lahf]/ k|Zgsf] k|fKtf+ssf] b'O{ efudf
 ;dfg ljifoIf]q ljefhg ul/G5 . k|fKt k|fKtf+ssf] ;x;DaGwåf/f ljZj;gLotf u0fgf ul/G5 .
 ;dfg ljlzi6 p2]Zo  o;/L k|fKt ljZj;lgotfnfO{ cfGtl/s Ps¿ktf ;"rs elgG5 .

 k|Zgsf] ;dfg ;+Vof  of] Ps ;/n tyf sd q'l6k"0f{ ljlw ePsf] x'gfn] o;nfO{ cTolws dfqfdf

 ;dfg k|sf/sf k|Zg

k|of]u ul/G5 .
 k|Zgkqsf] nDafO sd eP/ ljZj;gLotfdf sdL cfpg] ePsfn] Spearman
 ;dfg sl7gfO :t/
Brown sf] ;"q k|of]u u/]/ k"0f{ k|Zgkqsf] ljZj;gLotf lgsflnG5 .
 ;dfg lje]bLs/0f Ifdtf
 o; ljlwaf6 k|ZgfjnL k|Zgx¿sf] sl7gfO :t/ ;dfg ¿kdf ljefhg ug{
;lsG5 .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

-$_ s'8/ –l/r8{;gsf] ;"q ljZj;gLotfnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ tŒjx¿
 s'8/–l/rf8{zg (Kuder-Richardson) n] ljZj;gLotf kQf nufpg] != cfGtl/s tTjx¿
;DaGwdf k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] ;"q Pp6} k/LIffsf k|Zgx¿aLrdf cfGtl/s Ps -s_k|Zgx¿sf] ;+Vof
¿ktf (Internal consistency) ;"rssf cfwf/df ljZj;gLotf kQf -v_ k|fKtfª\ssf] lj:tf/ M
nufpg k|of]u ul/G5 . -u_ k|Zgx¿df ;dfgtf M
 of] ljlwdf k/LIf0f ;~rfng ul/;s]kl5 k|To]s k|Zgdf ;xL hjfkm lbg] -p_ / -3_ j:t'lgi7tf M
;xL hjfkm glbg] -q_ ljBfyL{sf] cg'kft lgsflnG5 . -ª_ k|Zgsf] sl7gfO:t/
 logLx¿aLr ;xljrng -Covarience_ lgsfn]/ k|Zgkqsf] ljZj;gLotf -r_ k/LIff ;~rfng M
lgsflnG5 . -5_ k/LIffyL{sf] of]Uotfsf] :t/
 of] Ps k6ssf] k/LIf0f ;~rfngåf/f ljZj;gLotf lgsfNg] k4lt xf] .
 o;sf] nflu KR-20 / KR-21 ;"q k|of]u ul/G5 . उपसचचव
पदमराज आचार्य पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

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d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

ljZj;gLotfnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ tŒjx¿ -v_ j}wtf
@= afx\o tŒjx¿  d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgn] dfkg ug{ vf]lhPsf] s'/f jf Ifdtfsf] dfkg ug{ ;Sg]
-s_ ;d"xsf] ljljwtf M k/LIf0f ul/g] ;d"x ;dfg ePdf ljZj;gLotf sd x'g] u'0fnfO{ g} a}wtf elgG5 .
/ ;d"x c;dfg ePdf ljZj;gLotf a9L x'g] dflgG5 .  j}wtfsf] ;DaGw k/LIf0fsf] glthfsf] JofVof;Fu x'G5 . cyf{t s'g} k/LIf0fn]
-v_ ljBfyL{ / jftfj/0fLo c;/M cfkm"4f/f d"Nof+sg u/]sf] u'0f, To; k/LIf0fn] d"Nof+sg ug{ vf]h]sf] u'0f g} xf]
-u_ ljBfyL{sf] cg'dfg M eg]/ ;'lglZrt ub{5 eg] o;nfO{ k/LIf0fsf] j}wtf elgG5 .
-3_ ljBfyL{sf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf  j}wtf dfqfTds kIf geP/ t'ngfTds kIf xf] . j}wtfn] t'ngfTds ?kdf
k/LIf0fsf] u'0fsf] JofVof ub{5 . k/LIf0fsf] j}wtf ljZj;lgotfsf] t'ngfdf a9L
dxTjk"0f{ u'0f xf] .
 j}wtfnfO{ csf]{ zJbdf k|dfl0fstf elgg] .
 o;n] z}lIfs p2]Zox¿ slt k"/f x'g ;s] eGg] s'/f;Fu ;DaGw /fV5 .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

j}wtfsf k|sf/ j}wtfsf k|sf/
-s_ ljifout j}wtf -s_ ljifout j}wtf
-v_ cfwf/ k|f;lÍs jf dfkb08df cfwfl/t j}wtf  kf7\oqmdLo a}wtf, Course Coverage
-u_ /rgfTds j}wtf  ;a} kf7 / p2]Zo -ljifoj:t'sf]_ sf] k|ltlglwTj
 k|Zgkqn] ;a} kf7 / p2]Zosf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;s]df To;df ljifout j}wtf
/x]sf] dflgG5 .
 ljifout j}wtf k|Zgx?4f/f ljifoj:t'sf] k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] dfqf xf] .
 of] j}wtf lglZrt kf7\oqmddf cfwfl/t x'g] ePsfn] o;nfO{ kf7\oqmdLo j}wtf
;d]t elgG5 .
 ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfsf] lgdf{0fn] ljifout j}wtf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

j}wtfsf k|sf/
-v_ cfwf/ k|f;lÍs jf dfkb08df cfwfl/t j}wtf
 tYof+szf:qLo a}wtf klg elgg]
 s'g} k/LIf0faf6 k|fKt k|fKtf+snfO{ cGo e/kbf]{ dfkb08;Fu t'ngf u/]/ :yflkt
k/LIf0fsf] j}wtfnfO{ cfwf/ k|f;lËs j}wtf -tYof+szf:qLo j}wtf_ elgG5 . h:t}
M s'g} jfXo k/LIfs4f/f s'g} k/LIf0f k|of]u u/L k|fKt ePsf] ljBfyL{sf] k|fKtf+s
/ tL ljBfyL{sf] ;DalGwt ljifo lzIfsn] u/]sf] :t/ lgwf{/0flar pRr
;x;DaGw x'G5 eg] Tof] k/LIf0f a}w x'G5 .
 of] tLg k|sf/sf] x'G5 M k"j{ sygfTds j}wtf, ;djtL{ j}wtf / e"tsfndf
cfwfl/t j}wtf .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
j}wtfsf k|sf/
-v_ cfwf/ k|f;lÍs jf dfkb08df cfwfl/t j}wtf
 k"j{ sygfTds jf eljiojf0fLdf cfwfl/t j}wtf M s'g} k/LIffsf k|fKtf+sn] efjL
of]Uotf jf Ifdtfsf] af/]df ;"rgf lbG5 eg] To;nfO{ k"j{ sygfTds j}wtf
elgG5 . h:t} M lj=P8= sf] k/LIffdf kfPsf] k|fKtf+s / p;n] u/]sf] lzIf0fsf]
k|efjsfl/tfdf pRr ;x;DaGw x'g' .
 ;djtL{ j}wtf M s'g} k/LIf0fn] ljBfyL{sf] jt{dfg of]Uotf;Fu k/LIf0fsf] k|fKtf+s
t'ngf u5{ eg] ;djtL{ j}wtf ePsf] dflgG5 . h:t} M k/LIf0fsf] k|fKtf+snfO{
cGo ljifosf] k|fKtf+s jf lzIfs4f/f lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :t/ lgwf{/0f;Fu t'ngf ug{'
 e"tsfndf cfwfl/t jf kfZj{ j}wtf M s'g} k/LIffsf k|fKtf+sn] e"tsfnsf] of]Uotf
jf Ifdtfsf] af/]df ;"rgf lbG5 eg] To:tf] k/LIffdf e"tsfndf cfwfl/t j}wtf
ePsf] dflgG5 . पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

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d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

j}wtfsf k|sf/ j}wtfsf k|sf/
-u_ /rgfTds j}wtf -u_ /rgfTds j}wtf
 of] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ j}wtf xf] .  k/LIf0f ;fwgdf /rgfTds j}wtf ;'lglZrt ug{ lgDgfg';f/sf # r/0fx?
 /rgfTdstf eg]sf] efjfTdstfsf] dfqf xf] . k|Zgkqn] k/LIf0f ug{ vf]lhPsf ckgfO{ k/LIf0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 M
u'0fx¿sf] k/LIf0f ug{ ;s]df To:tf k/LIf0f ;fwgdf /rgfTds j}wtf /x]sf] -!_ d"Nof+sg ul/g] u'0fnfO{ kl/eflift ug'{
dflgG5 . -@_ u'0fsf] Jofjxfl/s kl/efiff lbg'
 o;sf] ;DaGw j}wtfsf] ;}4flGts kl/efiff;Fu x'g] ePsf]n] o;nfO{ ;}4flGts -#_ tL Jojxf/ dfkg ug{ ;fwg lgdf{0f ug'{ .
j}wtf ;d]t elgG5 .
 /rgfTds j}wtfn] k|Zgkqdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf k|Zgx?n] JolQmdf cGt/lglxt
;'Id u'0fx? g} hfFlrPsf] ;'lglZrttf k|:t't ub{5 .
 o;sf] lgwf{/0f ;dfg u'0f hfFRg] k/LIf0fsf] c+sx¿aLrsf] ;x;DaGwsf] cfwf/df
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
klg ul/G5 .

d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx? d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

#_j:t'lgi7tf
 dfkgsf ;fwgsf] pQ/ Pp6} cfpg], hxfF nu]/ k/LIf0f u/] klg p:t}
glthf lg:sg]
 hf];'s} k/LIfsn] k/LIf0f u/] klg glthf Pp6} cfpg] cyf{t d"Nof+sg
k/LIfssf] :jljj]saf6 :jtGq /xg' j:t'lgi7tf xf] .
 j:t'ut k|Zgx?df j:t'lgi7tf /x]sf] x'G5 . c+sg of]hgf tof/ u/]/
ljifout k|Zgsf] d"Nof+sgnfO{ klg j:t'lgi7 agfpg ;lsG5 .
$_ Jofkstf
 ;DalGwt ljifosf] Jofkstf dfkg ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ .
 dfkg ug'{kg]{ kIf jf ljifoj:t' gfKg ;Sg] k/LIf0f
 o;n] kf7\oj:t'sf] Jofkstf / 9fSg ;Sg] IfdtfnfO{ ;+s]t u5{ .
 Jofkstfsf nflu k|Zgsf ;+Vof w]/} x'g'k 5{ .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

d"Nof+sgsf ;fwgdf x'g'kg]{ ljz]iftfx?

%_ lje]bLs/0f
 c;n–v/fj, /fd|f]–g/fd|f], 7Ls–j]7Ls 5'6\ofpg ;Sg] Ifdtf . !!=% ljBfno lzIffdf n]6/ u|]l8ªk4lt M cjwf/0ff,
 tLI0f a'l4 ePsf, dWod / Go"g a'l4 ePsf ljBfyL{ 5'6\ofO{ ;f]cg';f/ cEof;, ;d:of / k|efjsfl/tfsf pkfox?
pkrf/ / k|f]T;fxgsf nflu lje]bLs/0f cfjZos Letter Grading System-LGS
^_ Jofjxfl/stf
 d"Nof+sgsf ;fwg ;~rfng ug{, k/LIf0f ug{, c+sg ug{ ;lsg] x'g'k5{
.
 k/LIff ;~rfng b]lvsf ;j} k|lqmof ;s];Dd lskmfotL, k/LIffsf]
kl/0ffd JofVof ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsg] vfnsf] x'g'kg]{ .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

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cIf/fª\sg k|0ffnL
Letter Grading System-LGS
cIf/fª\sg k|0ffnL
cjwf/0ff cjwf/0ff
 lglZrt dfgssf cfwf/df cIf/ (Letter) df c+sg ug]{ jf  n]6/ u|]l8ª k|0ffnLsf] ;j{k|yd k|of]u ug]{ sfd dgf]lj1fgsf k|f]km];/

:t/ 5'6\ofpg] k|lqmof Mark W. Durm n]

 k"j{lgwf{l/t dfgssf cfwf/df ljBfyL{x¿sf] tx jf >] 0fL
5'6\ofpg] k|lqmof u|]l8ª
 æ n]6/ u|]l8ª -Letter Grading) eGgfn] tf]lsPsf]
;Ifdtfsf] d"Nofª\sg kZrft\ ljBfyL{n] xfl;n ug]{ l;sfO
:t/nfO{ cIf/df ul/g] k|:t'lt ;Demg' k5{ .
 o;df cÍ jf k|ltztnfO{ eGbf :t/nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL lglZrt
dfgssf cfwf/df u|]l8ª ul/G5 . पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव
 klxnf] k|of]u ;j{k|yd Yale University n] ;g\ !&*% df u/]sf]
 William Farish n] o;nfO{ ljsl;t u/L ;g\ !&(@ df a]nfotsf]
SoflDa|h ljZjljBfnon] Jojl:yt ?kdf k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 .
 ljBfno txdf k|of]u cd]l/sfsf] Augustana ljBfnodf ;g\
!*^)÷)^! sf] z}lIfs ;qaf6 Lars Paul Esbjorn n] k|of]u u/]sf]
kfOG5 .
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

g]kfndf cIf/fª\sg k4ltsf] ljsf; g]kfndf cIf/fª\sg k4ltsf] ljsf;

l;kmfl/; jf ;'emfj nfu" jf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lg0f{o
 ;j{k|yd pRr:t/Lo /fli6«o lzIff cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg @)%%,  /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d"Nof+sg kl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)&!÷*÷@$
 P;Pn;L cWoog k|ltj]bg @)^@ -;g\ @))%_ sf] a}7sn]
;}4flGts lg0f{o  z}lIfs ;q @)&! k|fljlws P; Pn ;L= df nfu" -^ u|]8_
 /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d"Nof+sg kl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)&!÷#÷#)  ldlt @)&@÷*÷@# cIf/f+sg k4lt;DaGwL sfo{ljlw :jLs[t -( u|]8_
sf] a}7sn]  z}lIfs ;q @)&@ ;fwf/0f P; Pn ;L
 z}lIfs ;q @)&# df sIff !!
 z}lIfs ;q @)&$ df sIff * / !@
 @)&*÷(÷& n]6/ u|]l8ª lgb]{lzsf :jLs[t -* u|]8_

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

Letter Grading System P;=Pn=;L= k/LIff, g]kfn

g]kfndf cIf/fª\sg k4ltsf] ljsf;
@)&! P;=Pn=;L= -k|fljlws wf/_
/fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d"Nof+sg kl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)&!÷*÷@$ sf]
lg0f{o Letter Percent Value
 k|fljlws wf/sf] P;=Pn=;L=df @)&! ;fnb]lv g} cIf/f+sg k4lt
A+ 90-100 Outstanding
nfu" ug]{ .
A 80-89 Excellent
 @)&@ ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffdf ;fwf/0ftkm{ klg cIf/f+sg
k4lt nfu" ug]{ . B 60-79 Very Good
 ^ cf]6f u|]8df u|]l8ª ug]{ . C 40-59 Good
 lj=;+= @)&! sf] P;Pn;L k/LIffdf k|fljlws wf/tkm{ b]xfocg';f/ D 25-39 Poor
cIf/f+sg k|0ffnL -^ u|]8_ cjnDag ul/Psf] E 25 below Very Poor

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

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g]kfndf cIf/fª\sg k4ltsf] ljsf; @)&@÷*÷@# sf] lg0f{ocg';f/sf] u|]l8ª

ljBfno lzIffdf cIf/fª\sg k4lt sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)&@.*.@# l; k|fKtf+ssf] juf{Gt/ u|]8 jf tx JofVof :t/Ls[t c+s
:jLs[t ug]{ lgsfo M /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d"Nofª\sg kl/ifb\ g+= -k|ltztdf_ jf >]0fL
 :jLs[t ldlt M @)&@.)*.@# -( u]|8 sfod_ ! () / ;f]eGbf dfly A+ Outstanding $=)
 sfo{ljlwsf] klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&@.!@.^, bf];|f] ;+zf]wg @)&#.!@.@&, t];|f] @ *) / ;f]eGbf dfly () eGbf sd A Excellent #=^
# &) / ;f]eGbf dfly *) eGbf sd B+ Very good #=@
;+zf]wg @)&$.!).!& / rf}yf] ;+zf]wg @)&%.)%.)!
$ ^) / ;f]eGbf dfly &) eGbf sd B Good @=*
% %) / ;f]eGbf dfly ^) eGbf sd C+ Above Average @=$
^ $) / ;f]eGbf dfly %) eGbf sd C Average @=)
& @) / ;f]eGbf dfly $) eGbf sd D Below Average !=^
* ! / ;f]eGbf dfly @) eGbf sd E Insufficient )=*
( ) N Non Graded )

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

g]kfndf cIf/fª\sg k4ltsf] ljsf;

sfo{ljlw, @)&@ sf] klxnf] ;+zf]wg -@)&@÷!@÷^_
n]6/ u|]l8ª k|0ffnL -@)&@ P;Pn;L b]lv_
l;=g+= k|fKtfª\ssf] juf{Gt/ u|]8 jf tx JofVof :t/Ls[t cª\s
-s_ @) / ;f] eGbf dfly $) eGbf sdnfO{ D u|]8 agfOPsf]df o;nfO{ -k|ltztdf_ jf >]0fL -Grade point_
k'm6fP/ @) / ;f]eGbf dfly #) eGbf sdnfO{ D / #) / ;f]eGbf dfly $) () / ;f]eGbf dfly $=)
! A+ Outstanding
eGbf sdnfO{ D+ u|]8 lgwf{/0f ug]{ . *) / ;f]eGbf dfly () eGbf sd #=^
@ A Excellent
-v_ ;}4flGts / k|of]ufTds u|]8 5'§f5'§} lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]df ;f] x6fO &) / ;f]eGbf dfly *) eGbf sd #=@
# B+ Very good
s]jn ljifout u|]8dfq lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] . ^) / ;f]eGbf dfly &) eGbf sd @=*
$ B Good
-u_ z'GonfO{ lbOPsf] N u|]8 x6fO{ z'Gob]lv @) eGbf sdnfO{ E u|]8 lbg] %) / ;f]eGbf dfly ^) eGbf sd @=$
% C+ Satisfactory
Joj:yf ul/Psf] . $) / ;f]eGbf dfly %) eGbf sd @=)
^ C Acceptable
-3_ ;a} ljifosf] cf};t u|]8 KofOG6sf] cfwf/df lgsflng] ;du| u|]8 glbg] & #) / ;f]eGbf dfly $) eGbf sd D+ Partially !=^
Joj:yf ul/Psf] . acceptable
* @) / ;f]eGbf dfly #) eGbf sd D Insufficient !=@

( @) eGbf sd E Very Insufficient )=*

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

n]6/ u|]l8ª k|0ffnL

ljBfno lzIffdf cIf/fª\sg k4lt sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)&@ sf] bf];|f]
;+zf]wg -@)&#÷!@÷@&_
@)&#.!@.@& sf] lg0f{o
n]6/ u|]l8ª lgb]{lzsf, @)&*
• sfo{ljlwsf] bf];|f] ;+zf]wg
• sIff !! df z}lIfs ;q @)&#.)&$ b]lv cIf/f+sg nfu" ug]{ :jLs[lt @)&*.(.&
• sIff * / !@ df z}lIfs ;q @)&$ b]lv nfu" ug]{ lzIff lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t

15
 5/20/2022

n]6/ u|]l8ª lgb]{lzsf @)&* n]6/ u|l] 8ª lgb]{lzsf @)&*

• æn]6/ u|]l8ª -Letter Grading) eGgfn] tf]lsPsf] ;Ifdtfsf]
d"Nofª\sg kZrft\ ljBfyL{n] xfl;n ug]{ l;sfO :t/nfO{ cIf/df
ul/g] k|:t'lt ;Demg' k5{ .
• æ:t/Ls[t cª\s -Grade point_Æ eGgfn] cIf/df ul/Psf] ljBfyL{
d"Nofª\sgsf] :t/Ls/0fnfO{ cª\sdf k|:t't ul/Psf] cfg';fª\lVos
dfg ;Demg' k5{ .
p2]Zo M -$ j6f_
ljBfno lzIffdf n]6/ u|l] 8ª sfof{Gjogsf] p2]Zo b]xfo cg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO ;IfdtfnfO{ oyf¿kdf k|df0fLs/0f ug]{,
-v_ l;sfO pknlAwsf] dfkgaf6 k|fKt cª\sut :t/nfO{ cf7 cf]6f
cIf/ut :t/df ;"lrt ug{],
-u_ z}lIfs IfltnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k|jw{g ug]{,
-3_ Psn ljifo k|df0fLs/0fsf dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{sf] ax' af}l4stfsf
cfwf/df l;sfOsf cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ .

n]6/ u|l] 8ª lgb]{lzsf @)&* n]6/ u|l] 8ª lgb]{lzsf @)&*

j|m=;= pknlAw k|ltzt :t/Ls[t cª\s cIf/df pknlAw :t/sf] JofVof
kf7\o306f tyf sfo{306f M pknlAw:t/
• ;fdfGotof ;f7L ldg]6sf] Ps 3G6L x'g]5 .
! () / ;f]eGbf dfly $=) A+ ;jf]{Qd (Outstanding)
• ljBfnon] jflif{s sfo{306f g36\g] u/L ;do Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@ *) / ;f]eGbf dfly () eGbf sd #=^ A cTo'Qd (Excellent)
• k7gkf7g ;~rfngsf nflu vr{ ePsf] jlQ; 306fsf] ;dofjlwnfO{
Ps kf7\o306f (Credit Hour) dflgg]5 . # &) / ;f]eGbf dfly *) eGbf sd #=@ B+ pTs[i6 (Very Good)

• lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sgsf nflu lnOg] k/LIffdf ;xefuL x'g ljBfno $ ^) / ;f]eGbf dfly &) eGbf sd @=* B pQd (Good)
v'n]sf] jf k7gkf7g ePsf] s'n lbgsf] krxQ/ k|ltzt xflh/L ePsf]
% %) / ;f]eGbf dfly ^) eGbf sd @=$ C+ ;Gtf]ifhgs
x'g' kg]5
{ . (Satisfactory)
^ $) / ;f]eGbf dfly %) eGbf sd @=) C u|fx\o (Acceptable)

& #% / ;f]eGbf dfly $) eGbf sd !=^ D cfwf/e"t (Basic)

* #% eGbf sd - NG cjuL{s[t (Not Graded)

n]6/ u|]l8ª lgb]{lzsf @)&* n]6/ u|l] 8ª lgb]{lzsf @)&*

n]6/ u|]l8ªsf] sfof{Gjog ljlw tyf u|]8 j[l4 k/LIffM
-s_ k|To]s ljifosf] pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k/LIf0f / ;Dk/LIf0f cª\sdf ul/g]5 .
k/LIf0f / ;Dk/LIf0faf6 k|fKt cª\s - u|]8 l;6df ;}4flGts / cfGtl/ssf]
5'6\6f5'6\6} cªs\_ nfO{ cIf/ u]|8df ¿kfGt/ ul/g]5 .
-v_ ;DalGwt tx jf sIff k"/f u/]sf] ljBfyL{n] k|fKt u|]8 l;6sf cfwf/df
;DalGwt tx jf sIff k'/f u/]sf] ePdf k];fut / k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos
lzIffsf] cj;/ k|fKt ug]{ 5g\ . cu| cWoogsf nflu eg] ;f] tx jf sIff k"/f u/L
:t/Ls[t cª\s -GPA_ ;lxtsf] u|]8 l;6 / d"n k|df0fkq pknAw u/fOg]5 .
u|8] j[l4 k/LIff / k|df0f kqsf ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
• sIff cf7, sIff bz / sIff afx |df ;a} ljifodf Go"gtd u|8 ] k"/f
u/]kl5 dfq ;DalGwt lgsfon] d"n k|df0fkq pknAw u/fpg]5 .
t/ ljifout ¿kdf cfGtl/stkm{ C / ;}4flGtstkm{ D u|8] k|fKt ug{
g;Sg] ljBfyL{sf nflu d"n k|df0fkq pknAw u/fOg] 5}g .
• cGo sIffsf] xsdf of] lgb]{lzsfsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L ljBfnon] g} u]8
|
l;6 / k|df0fkq pknAw u/fpg]5 .
• cu| cWoogsf nflu d"n k|df0fkq clgjfo{ x'g]5 .

16
 5/20/2022

n]6/ u|l] 8ª lgb]{lzsf @)&*

u|8] j[l4 k/LIff / k|df0f kqsf ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
• d"n k|df0fkq k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf ljBfyL{n] tLg k6s;Dd b'O{ ljifodf
u|8] j[l4 k/LIffdf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] 5g\ .
• b'O{ ljifoeGbf a9L ljifodf tf]lsPsf] u|8 ] k|fKt ug{ g;s]df jf u|8] !!=* lzIf0fdf lg/Gt/ d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL / o;sf]
j[l4k/LIffdf tf]lsPsf] u|8] k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf k/LIffyL{ csf]{ jif{sf] pkof]u
;Dk"0f{ ljifosf] k/LIffdf ;+nUg x'g jf ;f]xL sIffdf k'gM cWoog ug{
kfpg] 5g\ .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg

k[i7e"ld
▪k|fylds lzIffsf] u'0ffTds kIf sdhf]/ s] xf] <
▪kx'Fr sd ▪lzIf0f ls|ofsnfk;Fu;Fu} tyf cfjZostfg';f/ af/Daf/ ul/g]
▪aLr}df sIff 5f8\g] / bf]xf]¥ofpg] ;+Vof pNn]Vo ePsf] d"Nof+sg
k/LIf0f ▪ cgf}krfl/s tyf lgdf{0ffTds d"Nof+sg .
▪gjf}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgf ▪ sdhf]/ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;'wf/fTds lzIf0f u/L p;sf] pknlAw:t/
▪cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmd bf];|f] -BPEP II_ a9fpg d2t ug]{
▪@)%& af6 sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd ▪d"Nof+sgdf ljleGg ;fwgx?sf] k|of]u
▪Onfd, lrtjg, :ofª\hf, ;'v{]t / s~rgk'/ u/L % lhNnf ▪sfo{;~rlosf -kf]6{kmf]lnof]_ sf] k|of]u ul/g]
nfu" jf sfof{Gjog M ▪d'Vo p2]Zo ljBfyL{ l;sfOsf] ;'lglZrttf u/L u'0f:t/ ;'wf/
▪k|fylds lzIff kf7\oqmd @)^@ -sIff !–#_ n] Joj:yf u/]cg'¿k z}=;= @)^# b]lv
▪ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgf @)^^ b]lv @)&@ n] sIff & ;Dd lj:tf/ ug]{ gLlt
▪sIff ^ df z}lIfs ;q @)&) b]lv nfu"

ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg- k|fylds kf7\oqmd @)^@,

@)^% / cfwf/e"t kf7\oqmd @)^( l;sfOsf nflu lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg rj|m
sIff lg/Gt/ cfjlws pQL0ff{Í s}lkmot
d"Nofª\sg
!—# !)) k|ltzt - gtf]lsP cfjlws k/LIff lng ;lsg] t/
-kf7\oqmd k"0f{?kdf_ — sf] sIff]Ggltsf] cfwf/ agfpg
@)^@_ gx'g]
$—% %) k|ltzt %) k|ltzt
$)Ü cfjlws k/LIffdf 5'6\6} pQL0f{
-@)^%_ x'g'kg]{
^—& $) k|ltzt ^) k|ltzt $)Ü cfjlws k/LIffdf 5'6\6} pQL0f{
-@)^(_ x'g'kg]{
ननरन्तर मूलर्ाांकन र उदार कक्षोन्ननत कक्षा १ दे खि ३
ननरन्तर मूलर्ाांकन प्रणाली भन्दा कक्षा १ दे खि ७ सम्म
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

17
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kf7\oj|mdcg';f/ l;sfOsf nflu lg/Gt/ kf7\oj|mdcg';f/ l;sfOsf nflu lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sg >]0fL
d"Nofª\sgsf ;fdfGo dfkb08 lgwf{/0f k|lqmof
sIff !–% sIff ^–& sIff !–% sIff ^–&
-% j6f dfkb08 _ -^+!‍Ö& j6f dfkb08_
!= sIff sfo{ -sIff != sIff sfo{ • &) b]lv !)) k|ltzt;Dd •*) k|ltzt / ;f]eGbf dfly – s >]0fL
;xeflutf_ @= sIff ;xeflutf – s >]0fL •^) k|ltzt / ;f]eGbf dfly &( k|ltzt;Dd – v
@= kl/of]hgf sfo{ #= k|of]ufTds / kl/of]hgf sfo{ •$) k|ltztb]lv ^( k|ltzt;Dd >]0fL
– v >]0fL •$) k|ltzt / ;f]eGbf dfly %( k|ltzt;Dd – u
#= Jojxf/df kl/jt{g $= Jojxf/ kl/jt{g •$) k|ltzteGbf tn – u >]0fL >]0fL
$= l;h{gfTds sfo{ %= l;h{gfTds sfo{x¿
%= xflh/L ^= pknlAw k/LIff
&= lzIfsn] rfx]sf cGo kIf yKg ;lsg]

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg

kf7ut /]hfx¿sf] k|ltzt lgsfNg] tl/sf -k|fylds tx_
!=kf7ut cfwf/df ljBfyL{n] sIffdf l;s]sf s'/fnfO{ kf7\oqmdsf] cg';"rL ! kf7ut /]hfx¿sf] k|ltzt lgsfNg] tl/sf -sIff ^-&_
cg';f/sf] kmf/fddf tf]lsPsf dfkb08sf cfwf/df Psb]lv tLgcf]6f;Dd /]hf -
•k|To]s kf7df ljBfyL{n] k|fKt u/]sf] >]0fLnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL s kfPsfdf
√_ lrGx nufpg] .
*), v kfPsfdf ^) / u kfPsfdf $)
@= clt pQd l;s]sfnfO{ tLgcf]6f /]hf -√√√_, pQd l;s]sfnfO{ b'O{cf]6f
/]hf -√√_ / ;fdfGo l;s]sfnfO{ Pp6f /]hf -√_ lbg] . •cª\s 7fgL q}dfl;s cjlwdf k|fKt u/]sf s,v jf u sf] ;Dk"0f{

;"q cª\snfO{ l;sfO;s]sf kf7 ;ª\Vofn] efu u/L cf};t >]0fL lgwf{/0f
ljBfyL{n] kfPsf hDdf /]hf ;+Vof ug]{
/]hf k|ltzt Ö » !)) •pbfx/0ffy{ M ul0ft ljifodf klxnf] q}dfl;sdf rf/cf]6f kf7
k9fO ePsf kf7 ;+Vof» #
l;sfO;Sbf ljBfyL{n] j|mdzM u,v,v,s kfPdf p;sf] cf};t >]0fL -
$)± ^) ±^)± *) Ö @$)÷$ Ö ^)_ v x'G5 .

ljBfno lzIffsf] d"Nofª\sg k4lt

k|fylds lzIff kf7\oqmd @)^@ / @)^%, cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd @)^( sIff
^ b]lv * df ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg k4lt
!!=!) ljBfno txdf lnOg] k/LIffsf] ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg / ▪sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg / pbf/ sIff]Gglt
k|df0fLs/0f ▪sIff ! b]lv & ;Dd lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg
!!=!! ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sgsf cEof;x? ▪sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd !)) k|ltzt lg/Gt/
▪sIff $ / % df %) k|ltzt lg/Gt/ / %) k|ltzt cfjlws
▪sIff ^ / & df $) k|ltzt lg/Gt/ / ^) k|ltzt cfjlws
cfjlws k/LIff
klxnf] q}dfl;s k/LIff M s'n k"0ff{ª\ssf] !) k|ltzt cª\s ef/
bf];|f] q}dfl;s k/LIff M s'n k"0ff{ª\ssf] #) k|ltzt cª\s ef/
clGtd k/LIff M ^) k|ltzt cª\s ef/
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव ltg} k/LIffsf] s'n k|fKtfª\s hf]8]/ ljBfyL{sf] ljifout u|8] lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]5
{
.

18
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/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ df ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ df d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL
ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg tyf k|df0fLs/0f  ;fwf/0f wf/tkm{ ;fj{hlgs k/LIffsf k|To]s ljifodf @% k|ltzt ef/sf]
 d"Nofª\sg / k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu ljBfno :t/Lo k/LIff / afx\o ;fj{hlgs cfGtl/s / &% k|ltzt ef/sf] afx\o d"Nofª\sg
k/LIff ;~rfng ul/g] .  ;a} sIffdf cIf/fª\sg k4ltsf] sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
 sIff ! b]lv & tyf sIff ( sf] k/LIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDdf :jod\ ljBfnosf]  ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg;DaGwL 9fFrf M kl/ifbn] :jLs[t ug]{
x'g]5 .  ljifout ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf M kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n]
 sIff & ;Dd lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ dN"ofªs\g k|0ffnL cjnDag
 afX\o ;fj{hlgs k/LIff # txdf
s_ sIff * df :yfgLo txn],
v_ sIff !) df k|b]zn] /
u_ sIff !! tyf !@ df ;ª\3n]

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

ljBfno lzIffsf] jt{dfg d"Nofª\sg k4lt
ljBfno lzIffsf] ljBdfg ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg k4lt
▪b'O{ k|sf/sf] d"Nof+sg k4lt M ljBfno:t/Lo d"Nof+sg / ;fj{hlgs afXo
k/LIff
▪sIff ! b]lv & / sIff ( sf] ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L
ljBfnosf] x'g]
▪;fj{hlgs afXo k/LIff M sIff *, !), !! / !@ df x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
▪sIff * df :yfgLo tx :t/Lo k/LIff k4lt -z}=;= @)&$ b]lv_
▪sIff !) P; O O k/LIff /fli6o k/LIff af]8{n] k|dfl0fs/0f ug]{ k4lt -gLlt
k|b]z:t/af6 ;~rfng ug]{ ePtfklg xfn;Dd s]Gb|af6} Joj:yfkg_
▪sIff !! / !@ df /fli6o k/LIff k4lt
ljBfno lzIffsf] jt{dfg d"Nofª\sg k4lt
ljBfno lzIffsf] ljBdfg ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg k4lt
▪sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd l;sfO pknlAwdf cfwfl/t l;sfOsf nflu d"Nof+sg
ztk|ltzt
▪sIff $ b]lv * ;Dd lgdf{0ffTds d"Nof+sgaf6 k|fKt glthfdf cfwfl/t cfGtl/s
d"Nof+sg %) k|ltzt ef/ tyf clGtd k/LIffsf] glthfsf cfwf/df %) k|ltzt ef/
lgwf{/0f u/L lg0f{ofTds d"Nof+sg,
▪dfWolds txdf ;fwf/0ftkm{ k|To]s ljifodf @% k|ltzt cfGtl/s / &% k|ltzt
jfXo d"Nof+sg -kl/dflh{t kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjog ePkZrft_,
▪sIff # df k7g ;Ifdtfsf] k/LIf0f M z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb|n]
▪sIff %, * / !) sf] /fli6«o :t/df ljBfyL{ pknlAw k/LIf0f (NASA) z}lIfs
u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb|dfkm{t ul/g] Joj:yf

sIff !–# sf] kf7\oqmd @)&^ df d"Nof+sg

▪cfwf/e"t txsf] sIff !—# df cf}krfl/s k|s[ltsf] cfjlws k/LIff
;~rfng u/L ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOsf] d"Nofª\sg cyf{t\ lg0f{ofTds k|of]hgsf]
k/Dk/fut k4ltsf] d"Nofª\sgn] afnaflnsfnfO{ l;sfOsf nflu k|f]T;fxg
ug{] / l;sfOdf ;xof]u ug{] sfo{df of]ubfg ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{
sIff ! b]lv # sf] PsLs[t kf7\oqmd @)&^ cfTd;ft\ ul/Psf]
▪ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgn] pgLx¿nfO{ l;sfOsf nflu k|f]T;fxg ug'{sf ;fy}
df ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg l;sfO ;'wf/sf nflu dfu{kz | :t ug'{kb{5 eGg] b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t
ul/Psf]
▪l;sfOsf nflu d"Nofª\sgdf hf]8

19
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sIff !–# sf] kf7\oqmd @)&^ df d"Nof+sg ljBfyL{sf] pknlAw:t/ / JofVof

qm=;+= d"Nof+sgsf tl/sf jf ;fwg -( j6f_ pknlAw:t/sf] ;fdfGo JofVof
pknlAw:t/ dfkg
! cjnf]sg
sdhf]/ - ! d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n ug{ g;s]sf],
@ df}lvs sfo{ ;a}h;f] l;sfO pknlAwsf nflu ;'wf/fTds
Below basic)
# lnlvt sfo{ l;sfO cfjZos ePsf]
$ kl/of]hgf tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{ ;fdfGo @ d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw cf+lzs ¿kdf xfl;n
% sfo{ ;Dkfbg tyf k|bz{g (Basic) u/]sf] t/ ;'wf/fTds l;sfO cfjZos ePsf]
;xkf7L d"Nofª\sg /fd|f] # d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf]
^
(Proficient)
& :jd"Nofª\sg
pRr $ dflyNnf] :t/sf] pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf]
* cleefjssf] k|ltlj|mof
(Advanced)
( s'/fsfgL, 5nkmn

pknlAw k/LIf0fnfO{ cIf/f+sg;Fu ldnfg

pknlAw cIf/df pknlAw pknlAw:t/sf] JofVof pknlAw:t/sf]
k|ltzt :t/ cª\ssf] hf]8
E
) — @) Hofb} sdhf]/ If]qut jf lydut
@) — $)
D
sdhf]/ × !))
pknlAw k|ltzt Ö $ × d"Nofª\sg
C
$) — ^) ;fdfGo ul/Psf l;sfO
B
^) — &% /fd|f] pknlAwx¿sf] ;ª\Vof
A
&% — () pRr
A*
() — !)) pTs[i6

cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd @)&& M -sIff ^ —*_

cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd @)&* M -sIff $—%_ -s_ cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg M %) k|ltzt
 cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo ljBfyL{x¿sf] l;sfO :t/df ;'wf/ ug'{
 cfGtl/s d"Nof+sg %) k|ltzt
xf] .
 clGtd k/LIffsf] glthf %) k|ltzt  o;sf nflu lzIfsn] ljBfyL{sf] JolStut l;sfO pknlAwsf cfwf/df k6s
 b'j} hf]8L lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sg ug'{kg]{ 5 . k6s l;sfO cj;/ k|bfg ug{'kg]{ 5 .
 u[xsfo{, sIffsfo{, k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf sfo{, ;fd'bflos sfo{, cltl/St
lj|mofsnfk, PsfO k/LIff, dfl;s tyf q}dfl;s k/LIff h:tf d"Nofª\sgsf
;fwgx¿sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
cfGtl/s d"Nof+sgsf kIf / ef/
l;=g+= d"Nof+sgsf kIf ef/
! ;xeflutf tyf ;lj|motf M sIffdf pkl:ylt, sIff sfo{, u[xsfo{, $
kl/of]hgf sfo{ tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{df ;xeflutf / ;lj|motf
@ k|of]ufTds÷kl/of]hgf sfo{ #^
# q}dfl;s k/LIff !)
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव hDdf पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव %)

20
 5/20/2022

ljBdfg d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL ljBdfg d"Nof+sg k|0ffnL

cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd @)&& M -sIff ^ —*_
v_ lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sg M
 cfGtl/s %) k|ltzt, clGtd k/LIff %) k|ltzt .
 cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgaf6 k|fKt glthfdf cfwfl/t cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg %)
k|ltzt ef/ tyf clGtd k/LIffsf] glthfsf cfwf/df %) k|ltzt ef/
lgwf{/0f u/L lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sg ug'{kg]{ 5 .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

gd"gf k|Zgx? gd"gf k|Zgx?

#=lglZrt lgodsf cfwf/df ;+VofTds cleJolQm ug'{
!= ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOsf] cj:yf kQfnufpg] k|lqmofdf =============== xf] .
;a}eGbf klxnf b]xfosfdWo] s'g sfo{ ul/G5 < -s_ dfkg -v_ k/LIf0f
-s_ d"Nof+sg -v_ cf+sng -u_ d"Nof+sg -3_ cf+sng
-u_ k/LIf0f -3_ dfkg $= b]xfosf s'g egfO{ 7Ls 5 <
@= JolQmdf cGtlg{lxt ljlzi6 u'0fx?nfO{ Jojxf/sf] -s_ dfkg k/LIf0fsf] ljlzi6 ;fwg xf] .
¿kdf cjnf]sg of]Uo t'NofpFgsf nflu /xg] -v_ cf+sng dfkgsf]] cfwf/e"t k|lqmof xf] .
pQ]hgfx?sf] ;d"x ==============xf] < -u_ l;sfOsf] kl/df0ffTds kIfnfO{ u'0ffTds kIfdf
-s_ dfkg -v_ k/LIf0f -u_ d"Nof+sg -3_ abNg] k|lqmof dfkg xf] .
cf+sng -3_ dfkg d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/e"t ;fwg tyf k|lqmof xf] .

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

gd"gf k|Zgx? gd"gf k|Zgx?

%=b]xfosf dWo] s'g d"Nof+sgn] l;sfO k|ultsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{ &=k"jf{u|xsf] k|efj ;a}eGbf sd x'g] k/LIff b]xfodWo] s'g xf] <
;xof]u ub{5 < -s_ df}lvs k/LIff -v_ ljifout k/LIff
-u_ j:t'ut k/LIff -3_ k|of]ufTds k/LIff
-s_ lgdf{0ffTds -v_ :yfg lgwf{/0f
-u_ lg0f{ofTds -3_ lgbfgfTds *=5gf}6 u/]/ k9\g] afgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg s'g k|Zgdf x'G5 <
^=dgf]j}1flgs ;d:ofx¿ klxrfg ug{ s'g d"Nof+sgsf] tl/sf -s_ ;+lIfKt pQ/fTds k|Zg
k|of]u ul/G5 < -v_ ljifout k|Zg
-u_ jx'j}slNks k|Zg
-s_ lg0f{ofTds -v_ :yfg lgwf{/0f -3_ hf]8f ldnfpg] k|Zg
-u_ lgdf{0ffTds -3_ lgbfgfTds

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

21
 5/20/2022

gd"gf k|Zgx?
pQ/
(=ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgfn] lg/Gt/ d"Nof+sg k|0ffnLnfO{ slt !=u
sIff;Dd nfu" ug]{ gLltut Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] < @=v
-s_ sIff ^ ;Dd -v_ sIff & ;Dd #=s
$=3
-u_ sIff * ;Dd -3_ sIff % ;Dd
%= s
!)=sIff !–# sf] PsLs[t kf7\oqmd @)&^ n] pknlAw k/LIf0fnfO{ ^= 3
cIf/f+sg;Fu t'ngf ubf{ ^) b]lv &% k|fKtf+snfO{ s;/L JofVof &= u
ul/Psf] 5 < *= v
-s_ dWod -v_ ;fdfGo (= v
-u_ pRr -3_ /fd|f] !)=3

पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

Thank
You
पदमराज आचार्य उपसचचव

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