6/17/2022

gd:sf/

kbd/fh cfrfo{
pk;lrj

^= u'0f:t/Lo lzIff M -dfWolds # k|Zg / cfwf/e"t $ k|Zg_

PsfO M ^ ^=! u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] kl/efiff, cjwf/0ff, cfofd / ljz]iftf
^=@ u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf k|rlnt dfkb08 tyf ;"rsx?
^=# ljBfno lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu z}lIfs gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?
u'0f:t/Lo lzIff M ^=$ ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f, ljBfyL{ pknlAwsf] /fli6«o k/LIf0fsf
k|ltj]bgx? / ltgsf] l;kmfl/;x? -dfWolds txsf nflu dfq_
-dfWolds # k|Zg / cfwf/e"t $ k|Zg_ ^=% ljBfno lzIffdf z}lIfs u'0f:t/ clej[l4 x'g g;Sg'sf sf/0f / u'0f:t/
;'wf/sf pkfox?
^=^ u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] ljsf;df lzIfs, cleefjs, ;d'bfo / ljBfyL{sf]
e"ldsf

^=! u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] kl/efiff, cjwf/0ff,
cfofd / ljz]iftf
u'0f:t/Lo lzIff
ækl/efiff / ;"rsljgf u'0ffTds lzIff a'em\g ufX|f] 5 .Æ
cjwf/0ff
• b'O{j6f l;4fGtn] u'0f:t/sf] kl/efiff lgb]{lzt x'G5 .
!= z}lIfs k|0ffnLn] /fv]sf p2]Zox? l;sf?n] xfl;n ug'{ g} z}lIfs u'0f:t/ xf]
.
@= lzIffn] gful/sdf d"No, dfGotf, lhDd]jf/ gful/s, l;h{gfTds ;f]r /
;+j]ufTds ljsf; u/fpg ;Sg' g} u'0f:t/ xf] .
• z}lIfs u'0f:t/ eg]sf] lzIffdf pTs[i7tf cyf{t z}lIfs If]qsf] nufgL, k|lqmof
/ pTkfbgaLrsf] tfnd]n xf] .
• k|ltikwf{Tds ahf/df vkt x'g ;Sg] 1fg tyf l;k k|bfg ug]{ lzIffnfO{ g}
u'0ffTds lzIff elgG5 .

1
 6/17/2022

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff u'0f:t/Lo lzIff

u'0f:t/Lo lzIffn]
• lglb{i6 nIo / p2]Zox¿ xfl;n x'g ;s] jf ;s]gg\
• /fli6«o txut / sIffut ;Ifdtfx¿sf] k|flKtsf] :t/ s:tf] 5,
• lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿sf] Voflt s:tf] 5,
• ljBfyL{df ljBfno lzIff kZrft\ 1fg, k|s[lt ;Lk, d"No /
Jojxf/df cfPsf kl/jt{g
• l;sfOsf] Jojxfl/s pkof]u ;d]tnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
lzIff -l;sfO_ sf $ :tDe -o'g]:sf]sf cg';f/_
Four Pillars of education;
• Learning to know -hfGgsf nflu_,
• Learning to do -ug{sf nflu l;sfO_
• Leaning to live together/ learning to live with
other -c¿;Fu / ;Fu} hLpgsf nflu l;sfO_ /
• Learning to be -x'gsf nflu l;sfO_

cjwf/0ff=========================== u'0f:t/Lo lzIff

o'lg;]kmsf cg';f/ z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf % kIfx? M Dakar Framework -;a}sf nflu lzIff 8sf/ ;Dd]ng
• l;sf?, ;]g]un @))) sf] kl/efiff -$ kIf_
• u'0f:t/Lo l;sfO jftfj/0f,
• u'0f:t/Lo kf7\oj:t', s_ l;sf?df cfzf u/]cg'¿ksf] Jojxf/
• u'0f:t/Lo k|lqmof / v_ k|lqmof -;Ifd lzIfs h;n] ;lqmo l;sfO u/fpg
• u'0f:t/Lo pknlAw÷k|ltkmn ;S5_
u_ ljifoj:t' ;fGble{s kf7\oqmd
3_ k|0ffnL -;'zf;g / Gofok"0f{ ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg_

Padam

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff u'0f:t/Lo lzIff

tLg j6f b[li6sf]0f nufgL, k|lqmof, pTkfbg / k|efj -$ j6f kIf_
s_ nufgL– lzIffdf /fd|f] nufgL x'g'kg]{ . s_ nufgL– lzIffdf /fd|f] nufgL x'g'kg]{ .
• pko'Qm / kof{Kt ef}lts ;'ljwf, • lzIfssf] ;ª|Vof, lzIfs tflnd
• of]Uo, bIf / k];fk|lt ;dlk{t lzIfs, • kf7\oj|md÷kf7\ok':tssf] pknAwtf,
• kof{Kt z}=;f=sf] pknAwtf /
v_ k|lqmof–
• cg's"n z}lIfs gLlt
v_ k|lqmof– • lzIf0f ;do
• k|efjsf/L ;]jf k|jfx, • ;]jf k|jfx
• z}lIfs ;'kl/j]If0f / hLjGt sIff lzIf0f u_ outputs k|ltkmn
• k|lqmof /fd|f] eP /fd|f] pTkfbg x'g] dfGotf /fV5 . • l;sfOsf] cj;/ -hfFr glthf, u|]h'P;g b/_
u_ pTkfbgpGd'v b[li6sf]0f– 3_ outcomes k|efj
• pQL0f{ k|ltzt / pknlAw:t/ /fd|f] x'g'kg]{ • /f]huf/Lsf cj;/
• ahf/df ljSg'kg]{ • sfo{;Dkfbg :t/

2
 6/17/2022

cjwf/0ff=========================== u'0f:t/Lo lzIff

• pkef]QmfpGd'v b[li6sf]0faf6 pTkflbt hgzlQm >dahf/df
ljqmL eO{ ;dfh / /fi6«sf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos of]ubfg
lbPdf dfq pQm lzIff u'0f:t/Lo x'g] .
• lzIffIf]qdf x'g] j:t' jf ;]jfsf] pTs[i6tfsf] dfqf g} z}lIfs
u'0f:t/sf] dfqf xf] .
lzIffsf nflu clwsf/df cfwfl/t cjwf/0ffTds 9fFrf M
• kx'Fr, u'0f:t/ / l;sfO jftfj/0fdf ;Ddfg ug]{ clwsf/ -# kIf_
u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] clwsf/
 Jofks, ;fGble{s / ;dfj]zL kf7\oj|md
 clwsf/df cfwfl/t l;sfO / d"Nofª\sg
• afnd}qL ;'/lIft / :j:Yos/ jftfj/0f

Padam

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff
;du|df
 lzIffdf ul/Psf nufgL / k|ltkmnsf] ;DaGw,
 Go"gtd\ jf z"Go z}lIfs Iflt,
 cfGtl/s / afX\o ;IfdtfaLrsf] ;';DaGw, ^=@ u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf k|rlnt dfkb08 tyf ;"rsx?
 z}lIfs k|fjwfg / JolQmut ;fdflhs cfly{s cfjZostfaLr tfnd]n,
• ck]lIft pknlAw / k|fKt pknlAwaLrsf] tfbfTDotf .

Quality Framework u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf cjojx?

• ;fGble{stf
• k|efjsfl/tf
• bIftf
• ;';+:s[lt
• u|fxs ;Gt'li6 – ;';'lrt
• z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f
• hjfkmb]lxtf, pTt/bfloTj
• ;dtf / kx'Fr
• u'0f:t/Lo lzIf0f – :jfoQtf
• u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg
• kof{Kttf
Padam Padam

3
 6/17/2022

z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf] dfkb08 z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf] dfkb08

• u'0f:t/Lo ljBfyL{ (Quality Learner): UNESCO n] u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf !) ;"qLo kIfx¿ klxrfg u/]sf]
• u'0f:t/Lo l;sfO jftfj/0f (Quality learning environment): • l;sf?sf] vf]hL u5{,
• u'0f:t/Lo l;sfO ;fdu|L (Quality Learning Materials): • l;sf?sf] 1fg / cg'ejnfO{ lrGb5 / :jLsf5{ ,
• u'0f:t/Lo lzIfs (Quality Teachers): • ;fGble{s ljifoj:t' tof/ u5{,
• u'0f:t/Lo kf7\oj|md (Quality Curriculum) • ljljw z}Ifl0fs / l;sfO k|lj|mofx¿ cjnDag u5{ ,
• u'0f:t/Lo lzIf0fl;sfO k|lj|mof (Quality Teaching Learning Process): • l;sfO jftfj/0fnfO{ ;'lglZrttf k|bfg u5{ ,
• u'0f:t/Lo d"Nofª\sg / k/LIff (Quality assessment and examination) • j}wflgs 9fFrfsf] l;h{gf u5{,
• u'0f:t/Lo Joj:yfkg (Quality Management): • ;fGble{s gLltx¿ sfof{Gjogdf NofpF5,
• u'0f:t/Lo k|ltkmn / k|efj (Quality output and outcome) • k|zf;lgs ;xof]u / g]t[Tj :yflkt ub{5,
• k|of{Kt ;|f]t / ;fwg cfk"lt{ ub5{ /
• l;sfO k|ltkmnsf] dfkg u5{ .

Padam Padam

z}lIfs u'0f:t/ z}lIfs u'0f:t/

z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf ;"rsx? z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf ;"rsx?
-!_ k|ltljBfyL{ jflif{s vr{ -%_ k|efjsf/L lzIf0f ;"rsx¿
• lzIffdf k|ltljBfyL{ jflif{s vr{ hlt w]/} x'G5 u'0f:t/ Tolt g} w]/} ePsf] dflgG5 . o;leq l;sfOsf] u'0f:t/ / k|efjsfl/tf vf]lhG5 . To;sf nflu –
-@_ lzIffdf jflif{s vr{ • lzIfsx¿sf] of]Uotfsf] cj:yf
• s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] slt lx:;f lzIff If]qsf nflu vr{ ul/Psf] 5 To;sf • tflnd k|fKt lzIfs k|ltzt
cfwf/df klg u'0f:t/Lotf dfkg ul/G5 . • lzIfssf] of]Uotf / cWofkg ljifosf aLrdf /x]sf] ;DaGw
-#_ lzIffsf] nflu latfpg] ;do -^_ kl/jf/ / ;d'bfo ;+nUgtf ;"rsx¿
• ljBfyL{x¿ z}lIfs jif{x¿ hlt w]/} k9\b5g, lzIfsn] sIff lzIf0fdf hlt ;do Joltt • o;leq lzIffsf nflu kfl/jfl/s / ;fd'bflos of]ubfg tyf ;+nUtgfsf] vf]hL ul/G5 .
u5{, u'0f:t/Lotf Tolt w]/} ePsf] dflGg5 . -&_ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfos ;"rsx¿
-$_ lzIff / l;sfO pknlAw ;"rsx¿ -*_ ljBfyL{ ;xeflutf ;"rs
• ;fIf/tf leq M Reading, Math/science df ljBfyL{x¿n] xfl;n u/]sf] bIftf • ljBfyL{sf] egf{ pQL0f{b/ / ljBfyL{x¿n] ljtfPsf] jif{ cflb kIfx¿nfO{ x]l/G5 .
• of]Uotfleq M pknlAw,dflyNnf] tx k|j]zdf b]vfpg] :t/Lotf pRr lzIff k"/f ug]{ b/, • ljBfyL{ lgoldttf
k|f}9x¿sf] z}lIfs pknlAw cflb x]l/G5 .
• >dahf/ / ;fdflhs pknlAwM o;leq pTkflbt hgzlSt >dahf/df s'g ¿kdf
vkt ePsf] 5, >d ahf/sf] dfu cg'¿k z}lIfs pTkfbg 5 5}g <
Padam Padam

g]kfndf u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf ;"rsx?

nufgL k|lqmof pTkfbg jf k|ltkmn
 ef}lts k"jf{wf/  P]g lgod ljsf; /  pknlAw:t/
 kf7\oqmd kfngf  jfXo sfo{ ;Ifdtf
 lzIfs  ljs]lGb|t lzIff  pTkfbgaf6 ^=# ljBfno lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu z}lIfs
 ljBfyL{ k|0ffnL ;dfhdf kf/]sf]
 ;do  kf/blz{tf, k|efj / ;Gt'li6sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?
 ;|f]t / ;fwg hjfkmb]lxtf cj:yf
 z}Ifl0fs ;fdu|L  s'zn g]t[Tj
 Ifdtf ljsf;  lhDd]jf/L kfngf
 ;+:yfut ultzLntf
 k|efjsf/L lzIf0f
l;sfO
 cg'udgPadam
d"Nof+sg

4
 6/17/2022

ljBfno lzIffsf] u'0f:t/;DaGwL gLltx? ljBfno lzIffsf] u'0f:t/;DaGwL gLltx?

lzIff ;DaGwL of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx?sf d'Vo p2]Zo # j6f ;a}sf nflu lzIff sfo{qmd -@))$ b]lv ))(_ df u'0f:t/;DaGwL
/0fgLltx¿
• ;dtfd"ns kx'Fr -egf{_
• k|efjsf/L lZfIfssf] Joj:yf,
• u'0f:t/ Pjd\ ;fGble{stf -l;sfO pknlAw_
• k|efjsf/L kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts / ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿,
• ;Ifdtf jf sfo{bIftfdf ;'wf/ -Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/_
• lzIf0f ;fdu|Lsf] ;'wf/
;a}sf nflu lzIff 8sf/ 3f]if0ff jf g]kfn /fli6|o sfo{of]hgf @))) n]
• dft[efiff Pjd\ å}eflifs lzIffsf] cj;/,
;g\ @)!% ;Dd lnPsf nIox? -8sf/ ;Dd]ngsf ^ / g]kfnsf &_
• pko'Qm l;sfO jftfj/0f,
dWo] 5}7f} nIo
• lzIfssf] Ifdtf ljsf;,
• lzIffsf u'0f:t/;DaGwL kIfx?df ;'wf/ ug]{
• cg';Gwfg / ljsf;,
• ljs]lGb|t cg'udg d"Nof+sg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;
Padam Padam

ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf -@)&# b]lv @)*)_ u'0f:t/;DaGwL ;"rsx?

gLltx? pkIf]q/ljifout If]q # jif]{ % jif]{ & jif]{
p2]Zo -% j6f_ cfwf/ jif{
;"rsx¿ nIo nIo nIo
-)!%/!^_
• lzIff If]qdf -!_ ;dtf, -@_ u'0f:t/, -#_ ;Ifdtf, -$_ ;'zf;g )!*/!( )@)/@! )@@/@#
!= cfwf/e"t lzIff -k|f/lDes afnlzIff / ljsf;/k"j{ k|fylds lzIff ;d]t_
tyf Joj:yfkg / -%_ pTyfgzLntf k|f/lDes afn lzIff tyf ljsf;÷k"j{
• p2]ZodWo] bf];|f] p2]Zo u'0f:t/ /x]sf] 5 . 1.4 k|fylds lzIffdf cg'ej eO{ sIff ! df
gjk|j]zLsf] k|ltZft 62.4 68.5 73 85
• p2]Zo g+= @ u'0f:t/M l;sfOsf] jftfj/0f, kf7\oj|md, lzIf0f– 1.1 sIff * df l6sfp b/
2
l;sfO ;fdu|L, lzIf0f ljlw, d"Nof+sg tyf k/LIffsf] ;fGble{stf
tyf u'0f:t/Lotfdf clej[l4 u/fO{ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO ;'wf/df 76.6 86 92 97
1.1 cfwf/e"t lZfIffsf] tx k"/f ug]{sf] b/
;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug'{ . 3

69.6 78.5 85 90

Padam

;"rsx? ;"rsx?
% jif]{ pkIf]q/ljifout If]q cfwf/ # jif]{ % & jif]{
cfwf/ jif{ # jif]{ nIo & jif]{ nIo
;"rsx? nIo ;"rsx¿ jif{ nIo jif]{ nIo
-@)!%/!^_ -)!*/!(_ )@@/@#_
)@)/@! - nIo
ul0ft M $* 52 56 60 )!%/! )!*/ )@) )@@/
sIff % sf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO
c+u|]hL M $& 53 57 60
pknlAwsf] k|fKtf+s k|ltzt ^_ !( /@! @#
g]kfnL M $^ 54 59 65
ul0ft M #% 48 55 60 @= dfWolds lzIff -sIff (–!@_
sIff * sf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO
g]kfnL M $* 52 57 62 sIff !) ;Ddsf] l6sfp
pknlAwsf] k|fKtf+s k|ltzt 37.9 50 65 75
lj1fg M $! 49 55 60 b/
sIff !@ ;Ddsf] l6sfp 11.5 18 25 31
b/
gd"gf ljBfnosf] ;+Vof 1,0 100
0 600
00 0
/fli6«o ah]6df lzIff
12.04% 15% 17% 20%
If]qsf] ah]6sf] k|ltzt

5

ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf -@)&# b]lv @)&(_ u'0f:t/;DaGwL
gLltx?
 ljBfnodf cfjZos Go"gtd k"jf{wf/, ;dfj]zL k"jf{wf/ / lzIfs tyf z}lIfs
;|f]t ;'lglZrt
 z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf cfwf/df cg'udg u/L ;a}eGbf a9L
cfjZostf ePsf ljBfnonfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVb} cfjZos k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f
ug]{
 sIff ^–* sf nflu of]Uo lj1fg, ul0ft / c+u|]hL ljifosf lzIfssf] Joj:yf
 pQ/bfoL, ;Ifd / of]Uotf k'u]sf lzIfssf] lgo'lQm ;'lglZrt ug]{ .
 ljifo lzIfssf] sdLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{
 /fli6«o of]Uotf k|f¿k tof/ kfg]{ .
 ljBfno lzIff -sIff !–!@_ sf] /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿k ljsf; ug]{ .
ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf -@)&# b]lv @)&(_ u'0f:t/;DaGwL
gLltx?
 dfWolds ljBfnox¿nfO{ k'/:s[t ug{ tyf lgodg ug{ pQ/bfloTj /
sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f k4lt nfu' ug]{,
 k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos ljifo k9fpg] dfWolds ljBfnonfO{ ;du|
;xof]u ug]{ / ck]IffeGbf sd pknlAw :t/ ePsf ljBfnonfO{ :t/ j[l4sf
nflu ljz]if ;xof]usf] k|fjwfg /fVg],
 lj1fg, efiff -g]kfnL / c+u|]hL_ / ul0ft ljifosf] lzIf0f l;sfO :t/ a9fpg
lzIfs Joj:yfkg / k];fut ljsf;sf sfo{j|md sfof{Gjog ug]{,
 pQ/bfloTj ;'lglZrt ug{ jflif{s ¿kn] ljBfno ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg
:t/sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/fpg],
 lzIfsnfO{ k];fut ljsf;sf cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ .
ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf -@)&# b]lv @)&(_ u'0f:t/;DaGwL
gLltx?
sfo{qmdx?
cfwf/e't lzIff
• dfkb08sf cfwf/df lZfIfssf] b/aGbL ldnfg
• tNnf] sIffsf nflu PsLs[t kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tssf] ljsf; tyf
kf7\oj|mdsf] kl/dfh{g
• ;fdu|L ljsf; tyf ljt/0f, k9fOsf] pknlAwsf] d"Nof+sg ;lxt k|f/lDes sIff
k9fO sfo{j|mdsf] r/0fa4 ¿kdf b]ze/ sfof{Gjog ug]{
• lzIfsx¿sf nflu k];fut bIftf ljsf;sf sfo{j|md
• /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f¿ksf] ljsf;
• lzIfsx¿nfO{ Jojxf/ s'zn ;Lk ljifodf tflnd lbg] .
• sIff #, % / * df :t/Ls[t k|Zgkqsf] Joj:yf tyf sIff * sf] cGTodf lnOg]
k/LIffnfO{ :t/Ls[t ug]{ .
• sIff % / * df ljBfyL{x¿sf] /fli6«o pknlAw d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
lzIfssf nflu yk k];fut ljsf;sf Kofs]hx¿ kl/dfh{g / ljsf; ug]{
•
• ljB'tLo l;sfOsf ;fdu|L tyf lel8of]x¿sf] ljsf; / ljt/0f ug]{
6/17/2022
ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf -@)&# b]lv @)&(_ u'0f:t/;DaGwL
gLltx?
 ;a} ljBfnodf u'0f:t/sf Go"gtd dfkb08 / l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n
u/fpg cg'udg k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 u/fpg] .
 r/0fa4 ¿kdf /fli6«o k|f/lDes sIff k9fO sfo{j|md nfu' ug]{ .
 k|f/lDes sIffdf dfWod efiff tyf dft[efiff lzIf0f, ljBfnox¿df q}eflifs
lzIf0f cg';/0f ug{]
 sIff !–#, % / * df lgoldt ¿kn] ljBfyL{ pknlAwsf] /fli6«o d"Nof+sg,
k|f/lDes sIff k9fO d"Nof+sg tyf k|f/lDes sIff ul0ft d"Nof+sg ;~rfng
 afn Snasf] kl/rfng u/L ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAw ;'wf/ ug{, k9\g] afgL
a;fNg / Iflt Go"g ug{ cfwf/e"t lzIffdf cfk;L ;xof]u ;~hfn a9fpg] .
 sIff ^–* sf] l;sfO cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L cGt/lj|mofTds sIff,
cgnfOg df]8\o'n tyf c+u|]hL, lj1fg / ul0ft ljifodf ljB'tLo k':tsfno
Pjd\ lel8of] h:tf ljB'tLo lzIf0f l;sfO ;fdu|Lsf] r/0fa4 ¿kn] k|of]u
ug]{ .
ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf -@)&# b]lv @)&(_ u'0f:t/;DaGwL
gLltx?
sfo{qmdx?
k|f/lDes afnlzIff
• k"j{ k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmdsf nflu Go"gtd dfkb08x¿sf] ljsf; ug]{
• k"j{ k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmddf cfjZos of]Uo tyf tflnd k|fKt
;xhstf{sfsf] k|fjwfg
• k"j{ k|fylds txdf Ps dlxg] tflnd lnPsf lZfIfssf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ug]{
• k"j{ k|fylds lzIff s]Gb|df lZfIf0f l;sfO ;fdu|Lx¿sf] pknAwtf ;'lgZrt
ug]{
ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf -@)&# b]lv @)&(_ u'0f:t/;DaGwL
gLltx?
sfo{qmdx?
dfWolds lzIff
 ljifosf lzIfsx¿sf] r/0fa4 ¿kdf kb:yfkgf -ul0ft, lj1fg tyf c+u|]hL_ ug]{
.
 k|wfgfWofkssf] 5'6\6} kbsf] l;h{gf / kbk"lt{ tyf tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .
 k':tsfno tyf lj1fg k|of]uzfnf lgdf{0f ug]{ .
 /fli6«o k/LIff af]8{sf] :yfkgf, u'0f:t/Lo k|Zg kqsf] ljsf;, k/LIff ;~rfngdf
;'wf/, c+sg / :t/Ls/0f tyf tYof+s ljZn]if0f, sIff !)—!@ df Psn ljifo
k|df0fLs/0f ;lxt :t/Ls[t af]8{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{ .
 ljBfyL{sf] /fli6«o pknlAw d"Nof+sgnfO{ sIff !) ;Dd lj:tf/ ug]{ .
 lzIfssf] k];fut ljsf; tflndsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
 gd'gf ljBfnox¿sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
 lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{sf nflu ljifout ljB'tLo l;sfO ;f]t tyf ;fdu|Lsf] ljsf;
tyf ljt/0f ug]{ .
6
 6/17/2022

दिगो दिकास लक्ष्य ४

lbuf] ljsf; nIo g+= $

सबैका लादग समािेशी र समतामूलक
७+३ गुणस्तरीय दशक्षा र जीिन-पययन्त दसकाइको ४३
गन्तव्य अिसर सूचक

Padam

दिगो दिकास लक्ष्य ४ का गन्तव्यहरू (सन् २०३० सम्ममा)

४.१ ४.१ सान्दर्भिक र प्रभावकारी र्सकाइः सबै बालबार्लकाले र्नःशुल्क, समतामूलक र गुणस्तरीय
प्राथर्मक र माध्यर्मक र्शक्षा पुरा गरे को हुने
४.२ ४.२ गुणस्तरीय बाल र्वकास, स्याहारः प्राथर्मक र्शक्षाका लार्ग तत्पर गराउने उद्देश्यले गुणस्तरीय
बाल र्वकास र स्याहारमा सबै बालबार्लकाको पहुुँच सुर्नर्ित हुने
४.३ सबै मर्हला पुरूषको उच्च र्शक्षामा समान पहुुँचः प्रार्वर्िक र उच्च र्शक्षा समेतमा सबै मर्हला
र पुरूषको समान पहुुँच सुर्नर्ित भएको हुने
४.४ सीपयुक्त र्शक्षाः रोजगारी, मयािर्दत काम र उद्यमशीलता र्वकासका लार्ग प्रार्वर्िक तथा
व्यावसार्यक सीप तथा सान्दर्भिक सीपहरू हार्सल गरे का युवा र वयश्कहरूको सङ्् ्यामा
उल्ले्य बृर्द्द भएको हुने ।

दिगो दिकास लक्ष्य ४ का गन्तव्यहरू दिगो दिकास लक्ष्य ४ का गन्तव्यहरू

४.५ समावेशीताः लैङ््र्गक असमानता र्नराकरण भई अपाङ्् गता भएका व्यर्क्त, आदीवासी
जनजाती, कर्िन अवस्थामा रहेका बालबार्लकाहरूको र्शक्षा र व्यावसार्यक तार्लमको
समान अवसर सुर्नर्ित हुने ।
४.६ साक्षरताः सबै युवा र उल्ले्य अनुपातमा मर्हला र पुरूषले साक्षरता र गर्णतीय सीप
हार्सल गरे को हुने।
४.७ र्दगो र्वकास के र्न्ित र्शक्षाः सबैले र्दगो र्वकासका लार्ग र्शक्षा र र्दगो जीवन शैली,
मानवअर्िकार, लैङ््र्गक समानता, शार्न्त र अर्हिंशाको सिंस्कृ र्तको प्रवििन, र्वश्व
नागररक, सािंस्कृ र्तक र्वर्विता मार्ि त र्दगो र्वकासमा योगदान र्दन आवश्यक ज्ञान र सीप
सुर्नर्ित हुने ।
४.क प्रभावकारी र्सकाइको वातावरणः बालबार्लका मैत्री, अपाङ्् गता मैत्री र लैङ््र्गक मैत्री
शैर्क्षक सुर्विाहरू र्नमािण गरी सुरर्क्षत, र्हसिं ारर्हत, समावेशी र प्रभावकारी र्सकाइको
वातावरण तयार हुने ।
४.ख र्वश्वव्यापी रूपमा छात्रवृर्तः सन् २०२० सम्ममा अर्त कम र्वकर्शत तथा
अल्पर्वकर्शत देशहरू, र्वकासशील साना साना राज्यहरू र अर्िकी देशहरूका लार्ग
र्वकर्शत देशहरू र अन्य र्वकासशील देशहरूले प्रार्वर्िक तथा व्यावसार्यक र्शक्षा र
तार्लम, सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रर्वर्ि, प्रार्वर्िक, इर्न्जर्नयररङ्् ग र र्वज्ञानसुँग सम्बर्न्ित
कायिक्रम लगायतका उच्च र्शक्षामा र्वकर्शत मुलक ु तथा र्वकाशशील मुलक ु मा भनािका
लार्ग र्वश्वव्यापी रूपमा छात्रवृर्तको सङ्् ्यामा उल्ले्य वृर्द्द भएको हुने ।
४.ग र्शक्षकको क्षमता र्वकासः सन् २०३० सम्ममा अर्त कम र्वकर्शत तथा अल्पर्वकर्शत
देशहरू, र्वकासशील साना साना राज्यहरूका लार्ग अन्तरार्रिय सहयोग मार्ि त
र्शक्षकको क्षमता र्वकास गरी योग्य र्शक्षकको व्यवस्था हुने ।

7
 6/17/2022

सूचक
qm=;+= ;"rsx? cfwf/ @)&^ @)&( @)*@ @)*&
jif{
-@)&@_
@= cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIff

लक्ष्य र सू चकहरू
2=6 l;sfO pknlAw jf cª\s -sIff
%_
s_ ul0ft ५३.३ ५५ ५८ ६३ ६५
v_ g]kfnL ६३ ६६ ७० ७२ ७५
u_ c+u|]hL ५३.६ ५७ ६० ६३ ६८
s"n ah]6df lzIff ah]6sf] k|ltzt १ २.०४ १३ १५ १७ २०

ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f

sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0fsf] kl/ro
 z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]G› -Education Review Office_ sf] :yfkgf
@)^^ sflt{s !# -ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgf @)^^–@)&@ n] u/]sf] Joj:yf
^=$ ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f, ljBfyL{ pknlAwsf] adf]lhd :yfkgf_
z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb|sf] d'Vo sfd
/fli6«o k/LIf0fsf k|ltj]bgx? / ltgsf]  z}lIfs lgsfo tyf ljBfnox¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f ug'{ -lgoldttf,
l;kmfl/;x? k|efjsfl/tf, ldtJolotf / sfo{bIftf k/LIf0f_
 ljBfyL{x?sf] /fli6«o:t/df l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ug'{
 k/LIf0fsf nflu k/LIf0f ;fwgsf] ljsf; ug'{

ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f

sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0fsf] kl/ro
 ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox¿n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf sfo{x¿sf] n]vfhf]vf
u/L jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df j:t'k/s l:ylt b]vfpg] sfo{nfO{ sfo{;Dkfg
k/LIf0f elgG5 .
 sfo{ ;Dkfbg k/LIf0fsf] clGtd nIo ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;Gt'li6 / ljBfyL{x¿sf]
z}lIfs pknlAw ;'wf/df s]lGb|t x'g] ub{5 .
 lgwf{l/t gLlt lgod tyf Joj:yfadf]lhd lgwf{l/t sfo{ljj/0fsf cfwf/df
;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfos lgsfox¿sf] sfd sf/afxLx¿ k|efjsf/L, ldtJooL
/ 5l/tf] 9ª\un] ;~rfng eP gePsf] af/] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ sfo{
sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0fsf] p2]Zo -$ j6f_
d'Vo p2]Zo z}lIfs lgsfox¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f u/L ;'wf/sf] If]q klxrfg
ug{'
• ;DalGwt ;+:yfx¿sf] Joj:yfksLo kIf, ;+:yfut Ifdtf, sfo{;~rfng
k|lqmofx¿ klxrfg u/L cfjZos k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug]{ .
• z}lIfs lgsfo tyf ljBfnox¿n] lzIffsf] kx'Fr, ;dtf / u'0f:t/
clej[l4sf nflu u/]sf] k|of;sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ .
• sfo{;Dkfbgsf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf ;an tyf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ kIfx¿sf]
n]vfhf]vf ug]{ .
• k/LIf0fsf glthfx¿sf] cfwf/df z}lIfs lgsfo tyf ljBfnox¿sf]
sfo{;Dkfbg ;'wf/ ug{ plrt ;Nnfx / ;'emfj k|bfg ug]{ .

8
 6/17/2022

ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f

ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0fsf] ;}4flGts 9fFrf -d'Vo ;}4flGts
cfwf/_ jf d'Vo kIf #
• ldtJolotfsf] l;4fGt M o;n] vr{nfO{ Go"g /fVg] eGg] a'emfpF5 .
• sfo{s'zntfsf] l;4fGt M o;n] pknAw ;|f]taf6 ;s];Dd a9L
pknlAw k|fKt ug]{ eGg] a'emfpF5 .
• k|efjsfl/tfsf] l;4fGt M o;n] lgwf{l{/t p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ eGg]
a'emfpF5 .
ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0fsf] dfkb08 -!! j6f_
 p2]Zo k"/f eP jf gePsf] M tf]lsPsf p2]Zo s'g xb;Dd k"/f u/]sf 5g\ <
 ldtJolotf M sfo{qmdn] s'g xb;Dd Go"gtd nufgLdf clwstd pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] 5 <
 kf/blz{tf M lg0f{o k|lqmof / cGo ;"rgfsf] ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ s'g xb;Dd hfgsf/L lbg] ul/Psf]
5<
 ;xeflutf M lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] s'g xb;Dd ;xeflutf ePsf] 5 <
 k|efjsfl/tf M sfo{qmdsf] k|flKt jf pknlAwn] s'g xb;Dd ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd NofPsf 5g\ <
 ;Gt'li6 M sfo{qmddf ;+nUg JolQm / ;]jfu|fxL sfo{qmdaf6 s'g xb;Dd ;Gt'i6 ePsf 5g\ <
 of]hgf M sfo{qmddf s'g xb;Dd of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ePsf 5g\ <
 g]t[Tj M sfo{qmdsf] g]t[Tj s'g xb;Dd ;an / k|hftflGqs 5 <
 Joj:yfkg M sfo{qmdsf] cfly{s, k|zf;lgs / dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkg s'g xb;Dd r':t /x]sf]
5<
 lgikIftf / ;dtf M ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ubf{ kIfkft/lxt / pgLx¿sf] ljz]if cfjZostfsf
cfwf/df ;'ljwfd"ns 9Ën] ul/Psf] 5 jf 5}g <
 ;j{;'netf M sfo{qmdn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf lgMz'Ns jf yf]/} z'Nsdf / s'g} klg k|zf;lgs
emGem6lagf k|fKt x'g ;S5 ls ;Sb}g <

ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f

nufgL k|lqmof pknlAw

!= ljBfnosf] $= sIff lzIf0f (= lgoldttf / sIff

ef}lts ;+/rgf bf]xf]¥ofpg] tyf 5f8\g] b/
@= lzIf0f dfgj %= ljBfyL{ d"NofÍg !)= l;sfO pknlAw
;+;fwg / :yfloTj
#= ;d'bfosf] ^= lzIfssf] k];fut ljsf; !!= ;]jfu|fxL ;Gt'li6
;xeflutf / nufgL
&= g]t[Tj / Joj:yfkg !@= lzIfssf] k];fut
;Gt'li6
*= cltl/St lqmofsnfk

; |f]tMl j Bfn o

ljBfno sfo{;Dkfbg k/LIf0f ljBfnosf] ;du| :t/ lgwf{/0fsf cfwf/

d"Nof+sg :t/ k|fKtf+ssf cfwf/df :t/ lgwf{/0fsf]
• pkIf]q M !@ j6f cfwf/
• ;"rs M ** cf]6f
sdhf]/ $) k|ltzteGbf sd k|fKtfª\s
• nufgLsf @& ;"rs,
• k|lqmofsf $^ ;"rs,
;fdfGo $)–&) k|ltzt k|fKtfª\s
• pknlAwsf] !% ;"rsx¿nfO{ dWod &)–() k|ltzt k|fKtfª\s
• k|To]s ;"rssf] # cÍsf b/n] / ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf] ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vofsf] Pp6f pQd () k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L k|fKtfª\s
;"rsnfO{ % cÍ u/L s'n !# cf]6f pkIf]qsf *( ;"rsx¿nfO{ @^( k"0ff{Ídf
k/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
• lgwf{l/t dfkb08sf] cfwf/df ) – pknAw gePsf], ! – sdhf]/, @ – dWod
/ # – pQddWo] Psdf lrgf] nufO{ $ j6f :t/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

9
 6/17/2022

•ljBfyL{sf] /fli6«o:t/df l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ug]{

sfo{ z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb|n] ub{5 .
•ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgf @)^^–)&@ n] u/]sf] Joj:yf
ljBfyL{sf] /fli6«o pknlJw k/LIf0f cg'?k z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]G› :yfkgf lj=;+=
-National Assessment of Student @)^^ sflt{s !# df ePsf] .
Achievement- NASA_ •ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgfsf] kfnfdf sIff #, % / * df
/fli6«o:t/df l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ul/Psf],
•ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf @)&#–)*) n] sIff %, * /
!) df /fli6«o:t/df l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ug]{
Joj:yf u/]sf] .,

pknlAw k/LIf0f ul/Psf sIff / jif{ NASA - Report

ljBfno If]q ;'wf/ of]hgf -@))(–!%_ sf] ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf -@)!^–@#_ sf]
sIff sIff #
cjlwdf cjlwdf
@)^* @)^( @)&) @)&@ @)&# @)&$ @)&% @)&^ -;g\ -;g\ jif{ @)!@ @)!%
-;g\ -;g\ @)!@_ -;g\ -;g\ @)!%_ -;g\ -;g\ -;g\ -;g\ @)@!_ @)@@_ ljifo g]kfnL ul0ft g]kfnL ul0ft
@)!!_ @)!# @)!& @)!* @)!(_ @)@)_
_ _
63 60 52 45
sIff * sIff # / % sIff sIff # / % sIff sIff sIff sIff * sIff % sIff /fli6«o cf};t
* * % !) df !) df
x'g]
g]kfnL, sIff % df g]kfnL sIff % df g]kfnL, g]kfnL g]kfnL, g]kfnL,
ul0ft / g]kfnL, , g]kfnL, ul0ft, / ul0ft, ul0ft,
;fdflh ul0ft / ul0ft ul0ft / lj1fg ul0ft lj1fg lj1fg
s c+u|]hL tyf / c+u|]hL tyf / / /
sIff # df lj1f sIff # df c+u|]hL c+u|]hL c+u|]hL
g]kfnL / g g]kfnL /
ul0ft ul0ft

NASA - Report NASA - Report

sIff sIff % sIff ÷jif{ sIff *
÷ljifo
jif{ @)!@ @)!%
c+u|]hL
;g\ @)!! ;g\ @)!#
ljifo g]kfnL ul0ft c+u|]hL g]kfnL ul0ft
/fli6«o cf};t 60 53 54 46 48 47 g]kfnL ul0ft ;fdflhs g]kfnL ul0ft lj1fg
/fli6«o 49 43 49 48 35 41
cf}ift

10

gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff *, @)!& -z}=;=@)&#_
• ;g\ @)!& -z}lIfs jif{ @)&#_ df sIff * sf] g]kfnL, ul0ft /
lj1fg ljifosf nflu k/LIf0f ;~rfng ul/Psf] .
• k|Zgsf] sl7gfOsf cfwf/df ^ cf]6f :t/ -Standards_
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
• ljBfyL{sf] cGQ/lglxt Ifdtf -Talent ability_ nfO{ :s]n
cÍ -Scale score_ k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] .
gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff *, @)!& -z}=;=@)&#_
d'Vo glthf
• k|b]z # sf ljBfyLx¿sf] pknlAw ;a} ljifodf
pRr /x]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnLdf k|b]z @, ul0ftdf
k|b]z ^ / lj1fgdf k|b]z ! sf ljBfyL{sf]
pknlAw ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 .
• ul0ft / lj1fgdf 5fqx¿sf] Ifdtf s]xL pRr
/x]sf] kfOof] eg] g]kfnLdf 5fqf 5fqsf]
pknlAwaLr vf;} leGgtf b]lvPg .
gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff % -@)!*_
•ul0ft ljifodf k|b]z @ sf] ;a}eGbf w]/} -%@!_ / ;a}eGbf sd k|b]z
% sf] -$*^_ /x]sf],
•g]kfnL ljifodf u08sL k|b]zsf] ;a}eGbf w]/} -%!!_ / ;a}eGbf sd
s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] -$**_ /x]sf],
6/17/2022
gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff *, @)!& -z}=;=@)&#_
• cf};t -Mean_ cÍ %)) / :t/Lo ljrng %) lglZrt u/L
To;}sf cfwf/df glthf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff % -@)!*_
•;g\ @)!* -lj=;+= @)&$_ df sIff % sf] ul0ft / g]kfnL ljifosf]
l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ul/Psf],
•ljBfyL{sf] cGtlg{lxt Ifdtf hgfpg] dfg -theta Ɵ value_ nfO{
/fli6«o cf};t %)) / :t/Lo leGgtf %) /fvL ¿kfGtl/t u/]/ cf};t
pknlAw :t/ lx;fa ul/Psf],
•ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO:t/nfO{ cfwf/e"t eGbf Go"g -tx z"Go_,
cfwf/e"t -tx Ps_, k|jL0ftf -tx b'O{_ / ljlzi6 -tx tLg_ u/L rf/
txdf ljefhg ul/Psf] .
gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff !) -@)!(_
• lj=;+= @)!( df sIff !) sf] ul0ft, g]kfnL, lj1fg / c+u|]hL
ljifosf] l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ul/Psf]
• sIff !) sf] ;Gbe{df klxnf] k/LIf0f
• ljBfyL{x¿sf] IfdtfnfO{ %)) cf};t dfgL cf};teGbf Go"g /
cf};teGbf pRr x'g] ljBfyL{x¿sf] t'ngf ul/Psf] 5 .
• ljBfyL{x¿sf] k|jL0ftfnfO{ ljleGg ^ txdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5
h'g cfwf/e"teGbf Go"g, cfwf/e"t, k|jL0f !, k|jL0f @, k|jL0f # /
ljlzi6 tx 5g\ .
11
 6/17/2022

gf;f l/kf]6{ M sIff !) -@)!(_

glthf
• ul0ft / lj1fg ljifodf 5fqx¿sf] l;sfO pknlAw
5fqfx¿sf] t'ngfdf sdhf]/ b]lvG5 eg] cª\uh |] L / g]kfnL
ljifosf] l;sfO pknlAwdf vf; cGt/ b]lvFb}g . ^=% ljBfno lzIffdf z}lIfs u'0f:t/ clej[l4 x'g
• 3/df afa'cfdf pRr lzIff k|fKt u/]sf aRrfx¿sf] ;a} g;Sg'sf sf/0f / u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf pkfox?
ljifosf] l;sfO pknlAw pRr /x]sf] kfOof] .
• k/LIf0f ul/Psf rf/j6} ljifodf jfudlt, u08sL /
n'lDagL sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] l;sfO pknlAw k|b]z !, @,
s0ff{nL / ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] t'ngfdf pRr b]lvof] .

u'0f:t/sf ;d:ofx? u'0f:t/ ;'wf/sf pkfo

 u'0f:t/sf] kl/efiff tyf dfkb08
 u'0f:t/df nufgL,
 lzIfssf] k|lta4tf / ;]jf l:y/tf • tflndk|fKt / pTk|]l/t lzIfs
 u'0f:t/sf nflu rflxg] Go"gtd ef}lts ;'ljwf • k|efjsf/L lzIf0f / l;sfO /0fgLltx?
kl/df0ffTds lj:tf/ / u'0ffTdstfaLrsf] ;Gt'ng,
•


 k];fut k|lta4tf tyf ;dk{0f,

l;sfO ;do, ;fdu|L / kf7\ok':ts
 cg'udg, lg/LIf0f tyf d"Nof+sg, • :j:y / ;'/lIft l;sfO jftfj/0f
 ljBfnosf] ;fdflhs OHht,
 z}lIfs gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog
 ljBfnosf] u'0f:t/ j[l4df ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] e"ldsf,
 z}lIfs k|lqmof Pjd\ ;du| ljBfno ;'zf;g
 kf7\oqmd, k/LIf0f tyf d"Nof+sg
 kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts / z}lIfs ;fdu|Lsf] ;fdlostf,

u'0f:t/Lo lzIffdf e"ldsf

 kof{Kt nufgL
 Joj:yfkg r':t agfpg]
 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] cyk"0f{ ;xeflutf
^=^ u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] ljsf;df lzIfs, cleefjs,  j:t'lgi7 ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog
;d'bfo / ljBfyL{sf] e"ldsf  of]Uo lzIfssf] Joj:yfkg
 k|efjsf/L lzIf0f
 lzIfssf] Ifdtfsf] e/k"/ pkof]u
 l;sfOsf nflu d"Nof+sg / k[i7kf]if0f
 ;dfj]zL lzIff
 ;'zf;g sfod ug]{
 lgoldt Pjd\ glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f
 z}lIfs ;'wf/sf nflu gd'gf lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug]{ cflb .

12
 6/17/2022

k|Zg k|Zg
!= z}lIfs u'0f:t/ s] xf] < $=z}lIfs u'0f:t/df k|efj kfg]{ kIfx?df l;sf?;Fu ;DalGwt ljz]iftf s'g
-s_ l;sfOdf ljlawtf xf] <
-v_ lzIfssf] Ifdtfsf] k|bz{g -s_ l;sfO ;do -v_ l;sfOdf afwf
-u_ lzIf0f sf};n -u_ ef}lts ;'ljwf -3_ ;'zf;g
-3_ z}lIfs nufgL, k|lqmof / pTkfbgaLrsf] tfnd]n %= z}lIfs u'0f:t/df k|efj kfg]{ kIfx?df b]xfosfdWo] s'g k|lqmof;Fu ;DalGwt
@=o'lg;]kmsf cg';f/ z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf kIf slt j6f /x]sf 5g\ < 5<
-s_ ^ j6f -v_ $ j6f-u_ & j6f -3_ % j6f -s_ ;fdflhs nfe -v_ lzIf0f ljlw
#=z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf] rqmdf k|lqmof cGtu{t s'g kb{5 < -u_ ljBfno tof/L -3_ k"j{ 1fg
-s_ k|efjsf/L ;]jf k|jfx ^= ;a}sf nflu lzIff sfo{of]hgf @))!–)!% sf] s'g nIo z}lIfs u'0f:t/;Fu
-v_ kof{Kt z}lIfs ;fdu|Lsf] pknAwtf ;DalGwt 5 <
-u_ kof{Kt ef}lts ;'ljwf -s_ nIo g+= $ -v_ nIo g+= %
-3_ cg's'n z}lIfs gLlt -u_ nIo g+= ^ -3_ nIo g+= &

k|Zg k|Zg
&=ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgfn] d'Votof s'g kIfnfO{ hf]8 lbG5 < !)=z}lIfs u'0f:t/ clej[l4 ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] NofPsf] sfo{qmd
-s_ u'0f:t/ -v_ kx'Fr s'g xf] <
-u_ ;Ifdtf -3_ k"jf{wf/ -s_ pbf/ sIff]Gglt
*=ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf @)!^–)@# sf] bf];|f] p2]Zo s'g xf] < -v_ lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg
-s_ ;'zf;g -v_ ;Ifdtf -u_ ljBfyL{ egf{ cleofg
-u_ u'0f:t/ -3_ ;dtf -3_ lbjf vfhf sfo{qmd
(=ljBfno lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug{ ;a}eGbf a9L e"ldsf s;sf] !!=ljBfno If]q ljsf; of]hgf @)&#–)*) n] s'g sIffdf l;sfO
x'g] ub{5 < pknlAw k/LIf0f ug]{ gLltut Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] <
-s_ k|wfgfWofks -v_ cleefjs -s_ sIff # / % -v_ sIff % / *
-u_ :yfgLo tx -3_ lzIfs -u_ sIff %, * / !) -3_ sIff #, % / *

!= 3
pQ/ wGojfb
@ 3
# s
$= v
%= v
^= u
&= s
*= u
(= 3
!)= v
!!= u

13