5/20/2022

gd:sf/
(= kf7\oqmd tyf ljBfyL{ ;xfotf k|0ffnL
kbd/fh cfrfo{
pk;lrj

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 1 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 2

(= kf7\oqmd tyf ljBfyL{ ;xfotf k|0ffnL

(=! kf7\oqmdsf] cjwf/0ff, ljsf; / ;DalGwt txsf] kf7\oqmdsf]
cWoog
(=@ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k, @)&^ www.moecdc.gov.np
(=# :yfgLo kf7\oqmd÷dft[efiff l;sfOsf] kf7\oqmd M cjwf/0ff, lgdf{0f पाठ्यक्रम (तहगत)
k|lqmof, ljBdfg cEof; / sfof{Gjogdf cfOk/]sf ;d:ofx? पाठ्यक्रम, पाठ्यसामग्री विकास निर्दे शिका २०७६
(=$ kf7\oqmddf cfwfl/t lzIf0f l;sfO राष्ट्रिय पाठ्यक्रम प्रारूप २०७६
(=% kf7\ok':tssf] kl/ro, ljz]iftf / c+ux?
(=^ ax'kf7\ok':tssf] cjwf/0ff / k|of]u स्थािीय पाठ्यक्रम मागगर्दिगि २०७६
(=& lzIf0fdf kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tssf] cGt/;DaGw
(=* lzIfs lgb]{lzsf / o;sf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u
(=( kf7\o;fdu|L / ;|f]t ;fdu|Lx?sf] ;+sng, lgdf{0f, tof/L, k|of]u /
e08f/0f
(=!) k':tsfnosf] cjwf/0ff / o;sf] ;d'lrt k|of]u
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 4

k|Zgx?
!= kf7\oqmdsf] cy{;Fu a9L d]n vfg] s'/f b]xfosfdWo] s'g xf] <
s_ bf}8sf] d}bfg
v_ ljifoj:t'sf] ;"rL
(=! kf7\oqmdsf] cjwf/0ff, ljsf; / ;DalGwt u_ l;sfOsf] of]hgf
txsf] kf7\oqmdsf] cWoog 3_ ljBfnon] tof/ kf/]sf] sfo{qmd
@= kf7\oqmdsf] zflAbs cy{ b]xfosfdWo] s'g xf] <
s_ bf}8sf] d}bfg
v_ ljifoj:t'sf] ;"rL
u_ l;sfOsf] of]hgf
3_ ljBfnon] tof/ kf/]sf] sfo{qmd

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 5 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 6

1
 5/20/2022

k|Zgx? k|Zgx?
#= kf7\oqmd zAbsf] k|of]u ;j{k|yd ug]{ lj4fg sf] x'g\ < %= lxN8f 6fjfsf cg';f/ kf7\oqmdsf] klxnf] tTj s'g xf] <
s_ lxN8f 6fjf s_ cfjZostfsf] klxrfg
v_ 6fon/ v_ p2]Zo
u_ k|m}+slng ala6 u_ nIo / p2]Zo
3_ slg+3d 3_ ljifoj:t'
$= kf7\oqmdsf lktf eGgfn] s;nfO{ lrlgG5 < ^= l;sf?af6 ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAwsf] sygnfO{ ====== elgG5 .
s_ lxN8f 6fjf s_ p2]Zo
v_ 6fon/ v_ ljifoj:t'
u_ k|m}+slng ala6 u_ l;sfO cg'ej
3_ slg+3d 3_ d"Nof+sg

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 7 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 8

k|Zgx?
&= kf7\oqmdnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] tTj b]xfosfdWo] s'g xf] < kf7\oqmdsf] cjwf/0ff
s_ p2]Zo • cGt/f{li6«o, /fli6«o kl/j]z, ;dfhsf] rfxgf Pjd\ JolQmsf]
v_ ljifoj:t' cfjZostf, 1fg lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] cj:yfsf cfwf/df s:tf]
u_ l;sfO cg'ej k|sf/sf] lzIff lbg'kg]{ xf] eGg] ljifo /fHon] lgwf{/0f ub{5 .
3_ d"Nof+sg
*= kf7\oqmdsf] sfof{Gjog;Fu ;DalGwt tTj ====== xf] . lzIffsf] nIo jf b[li6sf]0f lgwf{/0f
s_ p2]Zo
v_ ljifoj:t' lzIffsf /fli6«o p2]Zo
u_ l;sfO cg'ej
3_ d"Nof+sg
lzIffsf txut ;Ifdtf
sIffut ;Ifdtf
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 9
ljifout l;sfO pknlAw
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 10

kf7\oqmdsf] cjwf/0ff
kf7\oqmd ===
• Curriculum zAb ;g\ !(!* df k|m]+slng ala6n] ;j{k|yd
• ljleGg k|sf/sf p2]Zox? lgwf{/0f ePkl5 ljifoj:t'sf] If]q / cfkm\gf] k':ts Curriculum Theory df k|of]u u/]sf lyP .
qmd lgwf{/0f ul/G5 .
• /fNkm 8An' 6fon/nfO{ kf7\oqmdsf lktf dflgG5 .
• kf7\oqmdsf] zflJbs cy{ Mn]6Lg efiffsf] Currere eGg]
dflyNnf] txsf] ljifoj:t' zAbaf6 Curriculum zJb ljsf; ePsf] xf],o;sf] cy{
Race Course -bf}8sf] d}bfg_ x'G5 .
;dfof]hg
• /fj6{ plnrsf] kl/efiffnfO{ kf7\oqmdsf] zflAbs cy{;Fu
tNnf] txsf] ljifoj:t' ;DalGwt kl/efiff elgG5 .

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 11 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 12

2
 5/20/2022

kf7\oqmd s] xf] < kf7\oqmdsf] cjwf/0ff

kf7\oqmdsf] cfw'lgs cy{
;+s'lrt cy{ -k/Dk/fut cy{_M
• kf7\oqmd l;sfOsf] of]hgf xf] .
• ljifoj:t' jf kf7|\of+z, ljifo ;"rL, l;n]j;
Jofks cy{ M

• ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos cg'ej, Jojxfl/s 1fgsf]

pko'Qm ;+u7g

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 13 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 16

kf7\oqmdsf] kl/efiff kf7\oqmdsf] kl/efiff

/fj6{ plnr wfjg dfu{ Werret kf7\oqmd Pp6f lj1fg xf] .
lxN8f 6fjf l;sfOsf] Ps of]hgf Charters
qmf] P08 qmf] ljBfnoleq / aflx/ x'g] l;sfO cg'ejx¿sf] ;dfj]z W. Moshay ljBfnosf] lgb]{zgleq /x]/ h]–hlt cg'ejx¿ lbOG5g\,
o'g]:sf] ljBfyL{sf nflu tof/ u/]sf] of]hgf / lgb]{zgcg';f/sf] ;Dk"0f{ tL cg'ej
cg'ejx¿ Alexander ljBfnosf] leqL / aflx/L cj:yfdf ck]lIft
6fon/ lzIffsf p2]Zox¿ k|fKt ug{ ljBfnoåf/f of]hgfa4 / lgb]{zg and Saylor
pknlAwx¿ k|fKt ug{ ul/g] ;Dk"0f{ k|of;nfO{
ul/Psf ljBfyL{sf ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfk Edu. p2]Zo, nIo, ljifoj:t', k|lqmof, ;|f]t, d"Nof+sgsf] ;fwg cflb
NESP- lzIffsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu agfOPsf] z}lIfs Dictionary
a'lemG5 .
1971
(रा.शि.प.यो sfo{qmd xf] .
. २०२८)
k|mf]a]n ;Dk"0f{ 1fg / cg'ejsf] pRrtd laGb' (सार) xf] .
slgª\3d snfsf/ -lzIfs_ sf] xftsf] Pp6f cf}hf/
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 17 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 18

kf7\oqmdsf tTjx?
;di6Ldf kf7\oqmdsf tTjx? /fNkm 8An' lxN8f 6fjf l8=s]=x\jLn/
6fon/ -$ tTj_ -% tTj_(७ चरण) -% tTj_
d'Vo tTj $ j6f -!_p2]Zo, -!_ nIo / p2]Zox¿, -!_ nIo, Wo]o / p2]Zo,
-@_ l;sfO -@_ ljifo;"rL jf ljifoj:t', -@_ l;sfO cg'ejsf]
-s_ p2]Zo cg'ejsf] 5gf]6, - -#_;|f]t / ;fdu|Lx¿, 5gf]6,
-v_ ljifoj:t' #_ l;sfO -$_lqmofsnfkx¿ -#_ ljifoj:t'sf] 5gf]6,
cg'ejsf] ;+u7g -%_ d"Nof+sg -$_ l;sfO cg'ej /
-u_ l;sfO cg'ej -lqmofsnfk_ -$_ d"Nof+sg चरण ljifoj:t'sf] ;+u7g /
!_ cfjZostf klxrfg PsLs/0f,
-3_ d"Nof°g @_ p2]Zo lgdf{0f -%_ d"Nof+sg
#_ ljifoj:t' 5gf]6
-$_ ljifoj:t' ;+u7g
%_ l;sfO cg'ej 5gf]6
^_ l;sfO cg'ejsf] ;+u7g
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 19 &_ d"Nof+sg PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 20

3
 5/20/2022

kf7\oqmdsf tTj kf7\oqmdsf tTj

-!_ p2]Zo M p2]Zosf txx¿ -# tx_ -XjLn/sf cg';f/_
• kf7\oqmdsf] dfu{bz{s tTj,
• kf7\oqmddf x'g'kg]{ k|d'v tTjx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ tTj p2]Zo
!=nIo M ;dfh jf /fHosf Jofks rfxgf, Jofks cjlw
xf] . rflxg] h:t}M lzIffsf] /fli6«o p2]Zo -nIo lgwf{/0fdf
• l;sf?x¿af6 ck]Iff ul/Psf ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAwsf] sygnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L k|efj kfg]{ tTj ;dfh_
g} p2]Zo elgG5 . @=Wo]o M lzIffljb\x¿sf rfxgf, dWosfnLg rfxgfx¿,
• p2]Zos} cfwf/df kf7\oqmdsf ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfkn] lgb]{zg k|fKt
ub{5g\ . h:t} lzIffsf] txut p2]Zo
• p2]Zo -# j6f_M 1fg, ;Lk / k|j[lQ -KSA_ #=p2]Zo M JolQmdf x'g'kg]{ Jojxf/ kl/jt{gx¿, lzIffljb\
• ;Ifdtf -% j6f_ M 1fg±;Lk±k|j[lQ±d"No±sfd ug]{ tTk/tfsf] tyf lzIfssf rfxgf -p2]Zo lgdf{0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb'
;lDd>0f÷of]u -KSAVA_ l;sf?_
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 22 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 23

kf7\oqmdsf tTj kf7\oqmdsf tTj

p2]Zosf b'O{ k|sf/ M -@_ljlzi6 p2]Zo
-s_ ;fwf/0f p2]Zo / -v_ljlzi6 p2]Zo
• kf7sf] l;sfOkZrft\ lglZrt ¿kdf of]–of] / o:tf–o:tf 1fg / ;Lkx¿
;fwf/0f p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] u/L p2]Zox¿sf] ls6fg ug{
• ;Dk"0f{ kf7nfO{ ;d]6\g] p2]Zo
• s'g} vf; kIfsf] ls6fg gul/Psf] p2]Zo • ljBfyL{x¿n] l;Sg} kg]{ jf hfGg} kg]{ 1fg, ;Lk / wf/0ffnfO{ ls6fgsf
• s'g} tx, ljifo jf kf7sf] cGtdf xfl;n x'g] p2]Zo ;fy pNn]v ul/Psf kf7\oqmdsf ljl{zi6 / ck]lIft syg
• ;a} ljBfyL{x¿n] 1fg, ;Lk k|fKt ug]{ p2]Zo • ljBfyL{n] s]–s] l;Sg] egL :ki6 ¿kdf ls6fg ul/Psf p2]Zo .
• s'g} Ps ljBfyL{nfO{ ;+s]t gu/L k"/f sIffsf] ;+s]t ub{5 . • lzIffljb\ Robert Mager sf cg';f/ ljifo, PsfO jf kf7sf]
h:t} M
;dflKtkl5 ljBfyL{x¿ s:tf–s:tf s'/fx¿ ug{, eGg, n]Vg, lrGg,
• kf7\oqmdsf] af/]df atfpg
5'6\ofpg, aofg ug{, ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sb5g\ eGg] s'/fx¿ ls6fg;fy
• leGgsf] hf]8 ug{
• k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] af/]df atfpg
p2]Zosf] lgwf{/0f jf lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 24 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 25

kf7\oqmdsf tTj kf7\oqmdsf tTj

ljlzi6 p2]Zo -@_ljlzi6 p2]Zo
h:t} M Jofjxfl/s p2]Zosf ljz]iftfx¿
• kf7\oqmdsf] kl/ro lbg -!_ ljlzi6 M z}Ifl0fs p2]Zox¿ ljlzi6 x'g'kb{5 . ljlzi6 eGgfn] tf]ss
] f],
• kf7\oqmdsf] kl/efiff atfpg vf; jf cd'ssf] af]w x'G5 .
• kf7\oqmdsf tTjx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{ -@_ dfkgLo M z}Ifl0fs p2]Zox¿ dfkgLo x'g'kb{5 .
• kf7\oqmdsf] dxTj n]Vg -#_ :ki6 M z}Ifl0fs p2]Zox¿ e]u geO{ :ki6 x'g'kb{5 .
• kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tsaLrsf] cGt/;DaGw :ki6 kfg{ cflb . -$_ Jofjxfl/s M z}Ifl0fs p2]Zox¿ l;åfGtdf dfq cfwfl/t geO{ Jojxf/df
nfu" ug{ ;lsg] jf u/]/ b]vfpg ;lsg] sfo{d"ns x'g'kb{5 .
-%_ k|flKt÷xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] M z}Ifl0fs p2]Zo ljBfyL{n] xfl;n ug{ ;Sg]
vfnsf x'g'kb{5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 26 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 27

4
 5/20/2022

k|Zg kf7\oqmdsf tTj

!= ;+1fgfTds If]qdf slt cf]6f qmda4 tx x'G5g\ < p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0f
s_ $ v_ % u_ ^ 3_ & • j]~hfldg An'd, qm]yxf]n / d]l;ofsf] ;ldltåf/f :6]gkmf]8{ ljZjljBfnodf ;g\
!(%^ df k|:t't
@= ;+1fgfTds txsf] pRr txsf] l;sfO s'g xf] < • p2]Zosf tLg If]q jf tx M ;+1fgfTds, k|j[lTtd"ns -efjgfTds jf k|efjL_ /
s_ ljZn]if0f v_ d"Nof+sg dgf]lqmofTds
;+1fgfTds If]q
u_ k|of]u 3_ l;h{gf • ;g\ !(%^ df An'dåf/f juL{s/0f ul/Psf], zL/ If]qsf] kl/jt{g;+u ;DalGwt
#= efjgfTds jf k|j[lQd'ns If]qdf kg]{ l;sfO s'g xf] < • a]Ghfldg An'D;sf cg';f/ ;+1fgfTds If]qsf ^ cf]6f qmda4 txx¿ M 1fg, af]w,
k|of]u, ljZn]if0f, ;+Zn]if0f / d"Nof+sg .
s_ rfl/qLs/0f v_ df}lnsLs/0f
• An'D;sf ;+1fgfTds If]qsf] juL{s/0fnfO{ pgsf cg'ofoL Lorin Anderson n]
u_ tof/L 3_ af]w ;\g !(() df cBfjlws÷kl/dfh{g u/L k|:t't u/]sf . pgn] ;+1fgfTds If]qsf
txx?nfO{ M -!_ :d/0f -Remembering_, -@_ a'emfO{ -Understanding_, -#_
k|of]u -Applying_, -$_ ljZn]if0f -Analyzing_, -%_ d"Nof+sg -Evaluating_ /
-^_ l;h{gf -Creating_ u/L juL{s/0f u/]sf .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 28 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 29

kf7\oqmdsf tTj kf7\oqmdsf tTj

p2]Zox?sf] juL{s/0f
k|j[lQd"ns If]q -=k|efjL jf efjgfTds IF]q_
• ;g\ !(^$ df An'd, qm]yxf]n / d]l;ofåf/f k|:t't
• % cf]6f qmda4 txx? M k|flKt, k|ltlqmof lbg', d"No lgwf{/0f ug'{, ;+u7g /
rfl/qLs/0f
dgf]lqmofTds If]q
• clgtf x]/f] -!(&@_ ^ txM k|ltIf]k lqmofx?, cfwf/e"t lqmofx?, k|ToIfLs/0fsf
of]Uotfx?, zf/Ll/s of]Uotfx?, l;kk"0f{ lqmofsnfk,lgzJb ;~rf/ .
• l;Dk;g -!(&@_ & txM M k|ToIfLs/0f, tof/L, lgb]{lzt k|ltlqmof, oflGqs/0f,
hl6n jfXo k|ltlqmof, cg's'ng / df}lnsLs/0f .
• k|f]=bj] -!(&)_ % txM cg's/0f, x:tIf]k, z'4tf, ;+of]hg / :jfefljsLs/0f
-@_ ljifoj:t' M
• kf7\oqmdsf] bf];|f] tTj ljifoj:t' xf] .
• kf7\oqmdnfO{ Ps lglZrt 7f]; :j¿k k|bfg ug]{ tTj ljifoj:t'
xf] eg] ljifoj:t'sf] cg'kl:yltdf kf7\oqmdn] k"0f{tf k|fKt ub}{g .
• p2]Zo k"/f ug{ k|bfg ul/g] 1fgsf] ;+ul7t :j¿k, dfgj
cg'ejsf] ;+Zn]lift :j¿k
• ljBfyL{sf] Jojxf/df ck]lIft kl/jt{g Nofpgsf nflu kf7\oqmddf
;dfj]z ul/g] 1fg, k|lqmof / d"Nox¿ g} ljifoj:t' x'g\ .
• l;sf? jf ljBfyL{af6 rfx]sf] Jojxf/ k|bz{g u/fpg ;Sg]
ljifosf] l;nl;nfa4 jf qmda4 ;"rLnfO{ kf7\oj:t'÷ljifoj:t'
elgG5 .

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 30 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 31

kf7\oqmdsf tTj kf7\oqmdsf tTj

kf7\oqmddf ljifoj:t' ;+u7g ug]{ cfwf/x¿
ljifoj:t'sf txx¿ • If]q, qmd, tx, sIff / ljifo
-s_ If]q M
-s_ tYox¿ • ljBfyL{sf] tx, ?lr / ;Ifdtfcg';f/ to ul/Psf] ljifoj:t'sf]
-v_wf/0ff bfo/f xf] .
• ljifoIf]q eGgfn] kf7\oqmd jf o;sf] s'g} c+un] ;d]6\g] ;Dk"0f{ tYo
-u_ l;4fGt / ;fdfGoLs/0f Pjd\ lqmofsnfksf] cg'ejsf] lj:tf/ / lsl;d eGg] a'lemG5 .
-3_ d"No / dfGotfx¿ • kf7\oqmdn] s] slt l;sfO cg'ejx¿ cFufNg'kg]{ xf], slt l;sfO
cg'ejx¿ yk] z}lIfs nIo k"lt{ ug{ ;lsG5 cflb g} If]q xf] .
• ljBfyL{sf] tx, sIff, :t/, pd]/, z}lIfs p2]Zo cflb kf7\oqmdsf]
If]q lgwf{/0fsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 32 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 33

5
 5/20/2022

kf7\oqmdsf tTj kf7\oqmdsf tTj

-v_ ljifoj:t'sf] qmd M ljifoj:t'sf] qmd M
• kf7\oqmddf dflyNnf] txsf] ljifoj:t' / tNnf] txsf] ljifoj:t' • ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lbOg] z}lIfs cg'ej tyf lzIf0f l;sfOsf nflu
;dfof]hg ug]{ sfo{ 5gf]6 ul/Psf ljifoj:t'sf] l;nl;nf tyf ;+u7gfTds qmd
xf] .
dflyNnf] txsf] ljifoj:t' • lzIf0f l;sfOsf nflu 5flgPsf ljifoj:t'sf] qmda4 ;+u7g g}
qmd -Sequence_ xf] .
;dfof]hg • ljifj:t'sf] If]qsf] 5gf]6 eO;s]kl5 l;sfOsf ;"qx?sf]
cfwf/df ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;/naf6 hl6ntkm{, k"0f{af6 c+ztkm{,
tNnf] txsf] ljifoj:t' 1ftaf6 c1fttkm{, d"t{af6 cd"t{tkm{ ;+ul7t ul/Psf x'G5g\ .
• ljifoj:t'sf] If]q / qmd tyf lj:t[tLs/0fn] ;DalGwt ljifosf]
ljifout cfwf/e"t 1fgsf] ;"rL cjut u/fp5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 34 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 35

-#_ l;sfO cg'e

' jx? -lqmofsnfk_M
• kf7\oqmdsf] sfof{Gjog;Fu ;DalGwt tTj . kf7\oqmdsf tTj
• l;sfO cg'ejx¿ sIffsf]7fdf of]hgfa4 ¿kn] k|bfg ul/g] tL cg'ejx¿ x'g\
h;sf] p2]Zo kf7\oqmdsf] p2]Zo cg'¿k ljBfyL{sf] Jojxf/ kl/jt{g Nofpg' xf] l;sfO cg'ejsf k|sf/x? -6fon/åf/f k|:t't_ M $
.
• l;sfO cg'ejsf] 5gf]6 ljifoj:t'af6 ul/Psf] x'G5 . k|sf/
• kf7\oqmdsf] ljifoj:t' ljBfyL{;Dd k'¥ofpg] /0fgLlt
• l;sfO cg'ej k|fKt ug{df ljBfyL{x¿n] jftfj/0f tyf lzIfs;Fu cGt/lqmof • lrGtg l;k ljsf; ug]{
ub{5g\ .
• ljleGg lqmofsnfkx¿sf dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{n] l;s]sf l;sfOnfO{ l;sfO • ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{
cg'ej elgG5 .
• l;sfO cg'ejx¿sf] 5gf]6 ljleGg dfWodx¿ cf}krfl/s lzIff, cgf}krfl/s • ?lr ljsf; ug]{
lzIff tyf clgoldt lzIff af6 x'G5 .
• l;sfO cg'ej eGgfn] g t kf7\oj:t' xf] g lzIfsåf/f sIffsf]7fdf ul/g] • ;fdflhs k|j[lQ ljsf; ug]{
lqmofsnfk g} xf] . s'g} klg ljBfyL{x¿n] s'g} lqmofsnfksf cfwf/df k|fKt ug]{
cg'ejx¿ g} jf:tljs l;sfO cg'ejx¿ x'g\ .
• l;sfO cg'ejx¿ ljBfyL{x¿sf]PADAMRAJ
;lqmo ACHARYA
Jojxf/df lge{/ x'g] ub{5 . 37 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 38

kf7\oqmdsf tTj kf7\oqmdsf tTj

l;sfO cg'ejx?sf] 5gf}6sf % cfwf/x? -6fon/_ l;sfO cg'ejsf] -kf7\oqmdsf]_ ;+u7gsf :j?kx? -d'Vo @ M
nDaLo / ;dtnLo_
• p2]Zo cg'?k Jojxf/x? cEof;sf] cj;/
• nDaLo ;+u7g M ;dfg ljifonfO{ txut ?kdf ldnfpg],
• ;Gt'li6 k|bfg ug]{ h:t} g]kfnL ljifodf sIff $, % / ^ sf lar ;dGjo
• ljBfyL{sf] Ifdtf cg's'n x'g'
• Pp6} p2]Zo k"/f ug{ w]/} l;sfO cg'ejx? • ;dtnLo jf lIflthLo ;+u7gM ;dfg sIffsf ljifox?sf]
• w]/} kl/0ffdx? lbg;Sg] qmd ldnfpg], h:t} M sIff ! sf ljleGg ljifo ul0ft,
lj1fg, ;fdflhs, g]kfnL / ;fdflhs cflb ljifolar
;dGjo x'g' -PsLs[t kf7\oqmd_
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 39 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 40

6
 5/20/2022

kf7\oqmdsf tTj kf7\oqmdsf tTj

-$_ d"Nof+sgM -$_ d"Nof+sgM
• p2]Zo jf ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAw k"/f ePsf] jf gePsf] hfFRg] cfwf/, kf7\oj|mdsf] d"Nofª\sgsf cfwf/
• kf7\oqmdsf] j}wtf lgwf{/0f ug]{ . -s_ ljBfyL{sf] pknlAw :t/
• ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs lqmofsnfksf] n]vfhf]vf d"NofÍgåf/f ul/G5 . -v_ lzIfssf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg :t/
• kf7\oqmdsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ afnaflnsfx¿sf] pknlAwsf] k/LIf0fdfq geO{
;d:t z}lIfs k|lqmof, sfo{qmd, p2]Zo / k|0ffnLsf] d"NofÍg ul/G5 . -u_ k7gkf7gdf pkof]u ul/Psf] ;do
• l;sf?df ck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n ug{ lgoldt, lg/Gt/ / ;'wf/fTds -3_ ljBfyL{sf] j}olSts tyf ;fdflhs Jojxf/ / k|efj
d"NofÍg ckgfpg] Joj:yf kf7\oqmddf x'g'kb{5 . -ª_ cleefjs tyf ;dfhsf] l;sfOk|ltsf] ck]Iff / k|ltlj|mof
• kf7\oqmdsf ;Gbe{df d"NofÍg b'O{ k|sf/sf M -s_ lg/Gt/ d"Nof+sg / -v_ -r_ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ljBfnok|ltsf] wf/0ff
ljifout d"Nof+sg
• pko'{St kIfdf ;d]tsf cfwf/df k|To]s kfFr jif{df kf7\oj|mdsf]
d"Nofª\sg ul/g] 5 . o;f] ubf{ JolSt, kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf k/]sf]
k|efj ;d]tnfO{ x]l/g] 5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 41 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 42

kf7\oqmd ljsf; k|lqmof jf r/0fx?

6fjf gd'gf, !(^@ M qmda4 r/0f jf ljlzi6 gd"gf klg elgg]
-kf7\oqmd ljsf;sf r/0f M & r/0f, lxN8f 6fjfsf cg';f/_
• cfjZostfsf] klxrfg
• p2]Zox¿ lgdf{0f g]kfndf ljBfno txsf] kf7\oqmd ljsf;qmd / jt{dfg
• ljifoj:t' 5gf]6 cEof;
• ljifoj:t'sf] ;+u7g
• l;sfO cg'ejx¿sf] 5gf]6
• l;sfO cg'ejx¿sf] ;+u7g
• d"Nof+sg

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 46 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 47

k|Zgx? k|Zgx?
!_ b]zel/ Ps} k|sf/sf] kf7\oqmd slxn]b]lv nfu" eof] < $_ kf7\oqmd ljsf; ;DaGwdf gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfo{ s;n] ub{5 <
s_ @)!! v_ @)!$ s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ v_/fli6\o kf7\oqmd tyf d"Nof+sg kl/ifb
u_ @)@* 3_ @)#* u_ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| 3_lzIff lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
@_ g]kfndf cfw'lgs lsl;daf6 kf7\oqmd agfpg] sfo{sf] ;'?jft %_ ljBfnon] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t kf7\ok':ts afx]s yk kf7\o;fdu|L
slxn]b]lv ;'? eof] < k7gkf7g ug{ rfx]df s;sf] :jLs[lt lng'kb{5 <
s_ @)!! v_ @)!$ s_ OsfO k|d'v v_ /fli6\o kf7\oqmd tyf d"= kl/ifb
u_ @)@* 3_ @)#* u_ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| 3_ lzIff dGqfno
#_ g]kfndf kf7\oqmd ljsf;sf nflu ckgfOg] r/0f slt cf]6f /x]sf ^_ g]kfndf slt slt jif{df kf7\oqmddf kl/jt{g ul/g] gLlt 5 <
5g\ <
s_ % jif{ v_ * jif{
s_ % v_ ^
u_ !) jif{ 3_ !@ jif{
u_ & 3_ $
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 48 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 49

7
 5/20/2022

g]kfndf ljBfno:t/Lo kf7\oqmdsf] ljsf;qmd

ljsf;qmd
• lj=;+= !(() df ul7t P;Pn;L af]8{n] sIff ( / !) sf] l;n]a;
• @)!* df lzIff dGqfnodf kf7\oqmd x]g]{ 5'§} PsfOsf] Joj:yf
k|sflzt u/]sf]
• t/ @)@* sf] /flzkof] k"j{ Pp6} /fli6«o kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':ts
• lj=;+= !(($ df k|fylds :s"n kf7\oqmd ;j{k|yd k|sfzg .
nfu" x'g g;s]sf]
• kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf sn]h ckm Ph's];gsf] :yfkgf @)!#
• @)@* efb| % ut] kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf
sf] k|of; klxnf]
• sn]h ckm Ph's];g -:yfkgf @)!#_ n] @)!$ ;fndf g]kfndf
;j{k|yd cfw'lgs lsl;daf6 kf7\oqmd agfpg] / sfof{Gjog ug]{
k|of;
• lj=;+= @)!^ j}zfv ! ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L k|fylds :s'nsf] kf7\oqmd
;/sf/L tj/af6 k|sflzt ul/Psf] .

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 50 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 51

g]kfndf kf7\oqmd ljsf;sf] r/0f tyf k|lqmof g]kfndf kf7\oqmd ljsf;sf r/0fx?
s_ cfjZostfsf] klxrfg M ;/f]sf/jfnf, lj1 tyf k|of]ustf{sf] /fo, ;'emfj,
k|ltlqmof, dfu, cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg tyf sfg'g;d]tsf cfwf/df s]Gb|af6
lgwf{/0f ePadf]lhdsf ljlw / k|lqmof ckgfO{ cfjZostf klxrfg ul/g]5 .
v_gLltut lg0f{o M g]kfnsf] df}h'bf ;+jw} flgs k|fjwfg tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
gLltut Joj:yf / cfjZostfsf cfwf/df lg0f{o u/L kf7\oqmd ljsf;
k|lqmofnfO{ cl3 a9fOg] 5 .
u_ kf7\oqmd ljsf; M kf7\oqmd ljsf; ubf{ ;fdfGotM p2]Zo lgwf{/0f,
ljifoj:t'sf] 5gf]6 / ;+u7g, l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfksf] 5gf]6 tyf
;+u7g, ljBfyL{ d"Nof+sg k|lqmof jf ljlw lgwf{/0f h:tf k|lqmof ckgfOg]5 .
3_ kf7\oqmd :jLs[lt / sfof{Gjog M lgb]{lzsfdf ePsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ clGtd ?k
lbOPsf] kf7\oqmd kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d"Nof+sg kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o;lxt
dGqfnodf k]; x'G5 . dGqfnon] :jLs[ltsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]; ug]{
5 / g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
ª_ kf7\oqmd d"Nof+sg / ;'wf/ M kf7\oqmd d"Nof+sgsf] 9fFrf s]Gb|n] lgwf{/0f
u/]adf]lhd x'g] 5 . kf7\oqmd d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df kf7\oqmddf ;'wf/ ul/g]5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 55 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 56

g]kfndf kf7\oqmd ljsf;sf k|lqmof

ljifo ;ldlt /fli6«o kf7Øqmd ljsf; tyf d"Nofª\sg kl/ifb\ M
• ( ;b:oLo x'g] . ljifo ;ldltdf kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| k|d'vsf] • cWoIf M lzIff dGqL jf /fHodGqL
l;kmfl/;df dGqfnon] dgf]lgt u/]sf] ;DalGwt ljifosf] ljlzi6 ljåfg jf
• ;b:o ;+Vof M !& hgf
k|fWofks cWoIf /xg] .
• ljifo ;ldltn] M ljifoj:t'ut j}wtf x]g]{ • ljBfnodf nfu" ul/g] kf7Øqmd tyf kf7Øk':ts lgdf{0f ug]{
;dGjo tyf ;Dkfbg ;ldlt M ;DaGwdf gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{,
• kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf k|d'vsf] cWoIftf x'g] • kf7Øqmd tyf kf7Øk':ts :jLs[lt ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf
• kf7\oqmd / kf7\o;fdu|Ldf Ps?ktf, nDaLo tyf ;dtnLo ;DaGw / l;kmfl/; ug]{,
;dGjo sfod ug{ • yk kf7Ø;fdu|L tyf kf7Øk':tssf] ;"rL :jLs[t ug]{,
• efiff ;Dkfbg ;DaGwL sfd ug{]
• kl/dfh{g / cBfjlws ePsf] kf7\o;fdu|Lsf] :jLs[lt ug]{
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 57 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 58

8
 5/20/2022

g]kfndf kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g k|lqmof
kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':ts cBfjlws tyf kl/dfh{g / kl/jt{g
• cBfjlws M cfjZostfcg';f/ -k|To]s jif{_
• kf7\oqmd kl/dfh{g M x/]s % jif{df
• kf7\oqmd kl/jt{g M !).!) jif{df x'Fb} cfPsf] / ;f]xL cg';f/ ul/g] gLlt /x]sf]
• kf7\oqmd d"Nof+sg M %.% jif{df
• ;DalGwt ljifo If]qsf tYo, tYofª\s / ;"rgfdf ePsf] kl/jt{gsf cfwf/df
kf7\oj|md cBfjlws ul/g]
• cBfjlws tyf kl/dfh{g ul/Psf kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\o;fdu|L ;dGjo tyf
;Dkfbg ;ldltaf6 sfof{Gjogdf nlug] 5 .
• kf7\oj|md kl/dfh{g ubf{ kf7\oj|mdsf] k|lt:yfkg jf cfd"n kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g
. • s]Gb|sf] dfu{bz{gsf cfwf/df :yfgLo txn] cfwf/e"t txdf dft[efiffsf
• kf7\oj|md sfof{Gjog ePsf] ;fdfGotof bz jif{ k"/f ePkl5 kf7\oj|mddf
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cfjZostfg';PADAMRAJ
f/ kl/jt{ g ul/g] 5 .
ACHARYA
kf7\oqmd ljsf; qmd / jt{dfg cEof;
ljsf;qmd
• kl/jt{g jf gofF ljsf; ul/Psf] kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':ts g]kfn
;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 nfu" x'g]
• g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf kf7\ok':ts afx]s cGo ;xof]uL
kf7ok':tsx¿sf] ;"rL /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d"NofÍg kl/ifb\n]
:jLs[lt lbg], :jLs[t ;"rLsf] k|sfzg kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n] ug]{
• ljBfnon] yk kf7\o;fdu|L nfu" ug{ rfx]df OsfO k|d'v ;dIf lgj]bg
lbg], OsfO k|d'vn] kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf] ;"rLdf k/]sf] ePdf :jLs[lt
lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf
kf7\oj|md, kf7\o;fdu|L tyf ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
59 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 60

kf7\oqmd ljsf; qmd / jt{dfg cEof; g]kfndf kf7\oqmd ljsf;sf] k|lqmof jf r/0fx?
ljsf;qmd cGo ljifox?
• ljBfno lzIffsf nflu /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f¿k @)^#÷!)÷@% df :jLs[t, • kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n] gd"gf kf7\ok':ts tyf kf7\o;fdu|Lsf] d'b|0fLo
pQm k|f?kdf @)&!÷#÷#) df klxnf] kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] . k|lt -PRC) tof/ ug]{ 5 .
• /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^÷%÷@) • hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| lnld6]8n] gd'gf kf7\ok':ts tyf kf7\o;fdu|L
d'b|0f u/L d'n'se/ ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{
• :yfgLo kf7\oqmd k|f¿k @)&!÷#÷#) • cfjZostfcg';f/ dGqfnon] sIff jf tx tf]sL gd'gf kf7\ok':ts tyf
• kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\o;fdu|L ljsf; lgb]{lzsf, @)&^ -@)&^÷&÷@)_ kf7\o;fdu|L lghL If]qsf d'b|s tyf ljt/sn] 5kfO tyf ljt/0f ug{
• :yfgLo kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog dfu{bz{g kfpg] u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]
-dft[efiff;lxt_ @)&^ • s]Gb|n] ljsf; u/]sf] kf7\oj|md k/LIf0f tyf sfof{Gjogsf nflu kl/ifb\sf]
• lj=;+= @)%! b]lv kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n] dft[efiffsf kf7\o;fdu|L l;kmfl/;df dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ 5 .
ljsf; ug{ z'? u/]sf]df xfn;Dd ;+:s[t afx]s ljleGg @^ dft[efiffdf • ljsf;, kl/jt{g jf kl/dfh{g ePsf] kf7\oj|md / kf7\o;fdu|L ;fdfGotofM
kf7\ok':ts ljsf; z}lIfs ;q z''? ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq k|af]wLs/0f -gofF kf7\oqmd
kf7\ok':tssf] kl/ro u/fpg] sfd_ ul/g] 5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 61 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 62

ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7\oqmd 9fFrf

@)&%÷%÷@ df kl/ifb4f/f :jLs[t
jf
/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ cg';f/
ljBfno txsf] kf7\oqmd 9f“rf -cfwf/e"t kf7\oqmd @)&^, sIff !–३,
कक्षा ४–५, २०७८
६–८, २०७७
कक्षा ९–१०, २०७८

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 63 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 64

9
 5/20/2022

txut ;+/rgf / pd]/ kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&%

ljBfnosf] tx sIff pd]/ ;d"x l;sfO Ifdtf :t/
z}=;= k/LIf0f sIff nfu" sIff
k|f/lDes afn k|f/lDes afn $ jif{
ljsf; / lzIff ljsf; / lzIff
@)&^ ! -!* lhNNffsf !)#
१ िर्ग ljBfno
cfwf/e"t sIff !– # % b]lv & jif{;Dd tx ! @)&& @,# / ^ ! / !!
८ िर्ग
sIff $ – % * b]lv ( jif{;Dd tx @ @)&* $,& / ( @,#, ^ / !@
sIff ^ – * !) b]lv !@ tx # @)&( % $,& / (
jif{;Dd
dfWolds sIff ( – !) !# b]lv !$ tx $
@)*) %, * / !)
४ िर्ग jif{;Dd k/LIf0f gul/g] M sIff *, !), !! / !@
sIff !! – !@ !% b]lv !^ tx %
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 65 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 66
jif{;Dd

kf7\oqmd ;+/rgf k|f/lDes afnlzIffsf] kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&%

• k"0ff{+s / kf7\oef/ gx'g] l;=g+ ;Lksf ;Lkx¿ jflif{s
• kf7\o306f -s|l] 86 cfj/_ / sfo{306fsf] Joj:yf = If]qx¿ 306f
• #@ sfo{306f Ö ! kf7\o306f != cfwf/e"t -s_ zf/Ll/s ;Lk, -v_ ;+j]ufTds ;Lk, -u_ #*$
• #@ 306fsf] ;do a/fa/ ! kf7\o306f -cyf{t ! kf7\o306f a/fa/ #@ ;Lk ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / g}lts ;Lk, -3_ af}l4s
sfo{306f _ l;sfOsf If]q tyf dfgl;s ;Lk, -ª_ :jf:Yo, kf]if0f, ;'/Iff /
jftfj/0f ;Lk, -r_ l;h{gfTds ;Lk
• sIff ! b]lv # df jflif{s @^ kf7\o306f
• sIff $ b]lv !) df jflif{s #@ kf7\o306f
• sIff !! b]lv !@ df jflif{s @& b]lv #@ kf7\o306f @= ljifout ;Lk -s_ eflifs ;Lk, -v_ k"j{ul0ftLo ;Lk, -u_ b[Zosnf, !(@
• jflif{s @)% lbg k7gkf7g x'g] l;sfOsf sfo{tl/sf / l;h{gzLntf, -3_ j/k/sf] jftfj/0f,
If]q -ª_ ;fdflhs ;Lk
• sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd PsLs[t kf7\oqmd hDdf %&^
• ;fdfGotof ! 306fsf] lkl/o8 !_ ;Lk l;sfOsf nflu M %&^ 306f -cfwf/e"t ;Lk #*$ 306f / ljifout l;k !(@ 306f_
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 67
@_ dgf]/~hg lj|mofsnfk, afx\o v]n PADAMRAJ
/ cf/fdACHARYA
ug]{ ;do sDtLdf b}lgs ! 306fsf b/n]68
jif{el/df @%^ 306f jflif{s ;do yk x'g]

cfwf/e"t sIff !–# kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&% cfwf/e"t sIff $–% kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&%
j|m= ljifo;DaGwL lj|mofsnfk jflif{s jflif{s j|m=;= ljifo jflif{s jflif{s
;= kf7\o306f sfo{306f kf7\o306f sfo{306f
!= g]kfnL % !^) != g]kfnL % !^)
@= cª\u]h
| L $ !@* @= cª\u|]hL % !^)
#= ul0ft $ !@* #= ul0ft % !^)
$ lj1fg tyf k|ljlw % !^)
$ lj1fg, :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s $ हाम्रो !@* %= ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No % !^)
lzIff सेरोफेरो lzIff
%= ;fdflhs cWoog, rfl/lqs $ ८ !@* ^= :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;h{gfTds # (^
ljsf; tyf l;h{gfTds snf (२५६) snf
^= dft[efiff jf :yfgLo ljifo % !^) &= dft[efiff÷:yfgLo ljifo $ !@*
hDdf #@ !)@$
hDdf PADAMRAJ ACHARYA @^ *#@ 69 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 70

10
 5/20/2022

cfwf/e"t sIff ^–* kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&% dfWolds (–!) -;fwf/0f_ kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&%
j|m ljifo kf7\o jflif{s
;+ ;fwf/0f ;+:s[t lzIff, u'?s'n, j]b uf]Gkf tyf ljxf/, db/;f 306f sfo{30
j|m= ljifo jflif{s kf7\o306f jflif{s
ljBf>d 6f ;= sfo{306f
!= g]kfnL g]kfnL g]kfnL % !^)
@= cª\u|]hL cª\u|]hL÷;+:s[t /rgf cª\u|]hL % !^) != g]kfnL % !^)
#= ul0ft ul0ft ul0ft % !^) @= cª\u|]hL % !^)
$= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw lj1fg tyf k|ljlw÷ ;+:s[t lj1fg tyf k|ljlw % !^)
Jofs/0f #= ul0ft % !^)
%= ;fdflhs cWoog / ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj ;fdflhs cWoog / dfgj % !^)
dfgj d"No lzIff d"No lzIff÷sd{sf08 d"No lzIff
$= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw % !^)
^= :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s ;+:s[t efiff :yfgLo ljifo jf af}4 lzIff # (^ %= ;fdflhs cWoog $ !@*
tyf l;h{gfTds snf jf ;Def]6f Jofs/0f jf cGo
jf cfrf/ lzIff ^= P]lR5s k|yd $ !@*
-lblgoft_ /'s'/fg -c/las_ &= P]lR5s låtLo $ !@*
&= dft[efiff÷:yfgLo j]b jf gLlt zf:q ef]6efiff jf kfnL efiff jf $ !@*
ljifo ;+:s[t jf cGo efiff jf pb'{ hDdf #@ !)@$
efiff
hDdf PADAMRAJ ACHARYA #@ !)@$71 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 72

dfWolds !!–!@ -;fwf/0f_ kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&% dfWolds !!–!@ -;fwf/0f_ kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&%
l;=g+= ljifo sIff !! sIff !@
• sIff !! / !@ k|To]s sIffdf ;fdflhs cWoog tyf hLjgf]kof]uL
jflif{s jflif{s jflif{s jflif{s
kf7\o306f sfo{306f kf7\o306f sfo{306f lzIffcGtu{t Ps Ps kf7\o306fsf] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] Jofjxfl/s
!= g]kfnL # (^ # (^ cEof; ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 .
@= cª\u|]hL $ !@* $ !@*
#= ;fdflhs cWoog % !^) % !^) • sIff !! / !@ k|To]s sIffdf % kf7\o306fsf] yk P]lR5s Ps
tyf hLjgf]kof]uL ljifo cWoog ug{ ;Sg] .
lzIff jf ul0ft
$= P]lR5s k|yd % !^) % !^) • P]lR5s tLg ljifox¿sf] 5gf]6 :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;dGjo /
%= P]lR5s låtLo % !^) % !^) ;xhLs/0fdf ljBfnon] ug]{
^= P]lR5s t[tLo % !^) % !^)
hDdf @& *^$ @& *^$
& yk P]lR5s % !^) % !^)

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 73 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 74

dfWolds (–!) -k|fljlws_ kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&% dfWolds !!–!@ -k|fljlws_ kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&%
j|m=;+= ljifo kf7\o306f jflif{s sfo{306f j|m= ljifo kf7\o306f jflif{s
!= g]kfnL # (^ ;= sfo{306f
@= cª\u|]hL $ !@* != cª\u|]hL $ !@*
#= ul0ft # (^ @= g]kfnL . ;fdflhs cWoog # (^
$= lj1fg # (^ #= k|fl1s ljifo k|yd # (^
%= ;fdflhs cWoog # (^ $= k|fl1s ljifo låtLo # (^
^= ljwfut ljifo k|yd $ !@* %= k|fl1s ljifo t[tLo # (^
&= ljwfut ljifo låtLo $ !@* ^= ljwfut ljifo k|yd $ !@*
*= ljwfut ljifo t[tLo $ !@* &= ljwfut ljifo låtLo $ !@*
(= ljwfut ljifo rt'y{ $ !@* *= ljwfut ljifo t[tLo $ !@*
hDdf #@ !)@$ (= ljwfut ljifo rt'y{ $ !@*
hDdf #@ !)@$
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 75 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 76

11
 5/20/2022

dfWolds -k|fljlws_ kf7\oqmd 9fFrf @)&%

• sIff !! df g]kfnL / sIff !@ df ;fdflhs cWoog tLg tLg
kf7\o306fsf] x'g] 5 .
• k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff sIff (–!@ df u/L hDdf yk
#&=% kf7\o306f -!@)) sfo{306f_ a/fa/sf] sfo{ynf]df cfwfl/t
PsLs[t kf7\oqmd
Jofjxfl/s cEof; x'g] 5 .
• ljwfut ljifox¿sf] l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng ubf{
%) k|ltzt sfo{306f ;}4flGts / %) k|ltzt k|of]ufTds,
Jofjxfl/s / sfo{ynf] cEof;df cfwfl/t x'g'kg]{ 5 .

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 77 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 78

PsLs[t kf7\oqmd PsLs[t kf7\oqmd

cjwf/0ff
• ljleGg cGt/;DalGwt ljifox? PsLs[t u/L tof/ ul/Psf] kf7\oqmd eGg]
a'lemG5 .
• ljBfyL{ ;lqmotfnfO{ s]G›laGb'df /fv]/ b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ljifosf
;fGble{s kIfnfO{ cy{k"0f{ ¿kdf ;+of]hg u/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] kf7\oqmd
• leGg ljifo If]qsf l;sfO ;IfdtfnfO{ Pp6}} kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z u/L
l;sfO k|lqmofnfO{ ;dfof]hg ul/g]
• Jacobe (1997) M ljifoj:t'nfO{ 7f8f] / t];|f] ?kdf cGt/;DalGwt
x'g] u/L PsLs/0f ug'{
• Erickson (2001) M PsLs[t kf7\oqmdnfO{ ljleGg ljifo jf ljwflar
;femf cjwf/0ffut ;+/rgfdf ljifoj:t' ;+ul7t / cfbfgk|bfg ug'{
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA
kf7\oqmd PsLs/0fsf ljleGg 9fFrfx? -$ k|sf/sf 9fFrf_ M
-sIff ! b]lv # sf] kf7\oqmddf ax'ljifos / cGt/ljifos 9fFrfsf] ?kdf_
!= ljifout -Disciplinary_ M cnu cnu ljifosf nflu cnu cnu ;do
lgwf{/0f u/L l;sfO lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug]{, ljifout 1fg / l;kdf a9L hf]8
lbg] .
@= ax'ljifos -Multi-Disciplinary_ M ljleGg ljifoaf6 cGt/;DalGwt ljifoj:t'
jf cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;DalGwt u/fpg] t/ ljifout l;df / klxrfg sfod /xg] .
-xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f], ul0ft, g]kfnL / c+u|]hL ldNg]_
#= cGt/ljifos -Interdisciplinary_ M b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ljifo;Fu ldNg] u/L
lyd lgwf{/0f u/]/ ldNg] ljifoIf]qsf ljifoj:t'nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf /fv]/ l;sfpg],
gldNg] ljifoj:t'nfO{ qmddf /fv]/ l;sfpg] . -xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f]_
$= ljifoljlxg -Transdisciplinary_ jf hLjGt cg'ej;Fu cfa4 M ljifout l;df
79 sfod gx'g], s'g} ;d:of jf 36gfdf cfwfl/t
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA eO{ l;sfO lqmofsnfk ;~rfng
81

ul/g], clwsf+z cGt/;DalGwt ljifoj:t'af6 l;sfO z'? ul/g] .

एकीकृत पाठ्यक्रम विकासको तह PsLs[t kf7\oqmd

PsLs[t kf7\oqmdsf] cfjZostf
• l;sfO v08Ls/0faf6 x'g] IfltnfO{ /f]Sg,
• l;sfO pknlAw -1fg / ;Lk_ nfO{ jf:tljs hLjgdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{
विधागत/विर्यगत
विधागत/विर्यगत बह
बहुु विर्यक
विर्यक अन्तरविर्यक
अन्तरविर्यक जीिन्त
जीिन्त अिु
अिुभभिसँ
िसँगग
(Disciplinary)
(Disciplinary) (Multidisciplinary) (Interdisciplinary) आिद्ध
आिद्ध (( Trans-
Trans- • w]/} ljifo ck]Iffx¿nfO{ ;fy{s tl/sfn] ;Daf]wg ug]{ dfWodsf] k|:tfj
disciplinary
disciplinary )) k|bfg ub}{ kf7\oqmdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{,
• leGgtf lzIf0fsf] cj;/ k|bfg ug{ . w]/} ljifox¿sf] ;dfj]zn]
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfˆgf] ljz]if rf;f] jf Ifdtfx¿ ;+nUg ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg
ub{5 .
खासै एकीकरण िभएको उच्चतहको एकीकरण
(Rarely integrated) (Highly integrated)
• cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–%_ df ljifout lzIfssf] Joj:yf gul/Psfn]
PsLs[t l;4fGtsf cfwf/df lzIf0f ug{,

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 82 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 83

12
 5/20/2022

PsLs[t kf7\oqmd
sIff !–# sf] PsLs[t kf7\oqmd @)&^ एकककृत पाठ्यक्रम (कक्षा १-
• /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ n] lglb{i6 u/]sf l;4fGt tyf :j?kdf ३), २०७६ को ढााँचा
cfwfl/t eO{ cfwf/e"t tx sIff ! b]lv # sf] PsLs[t kf7\oqmd ljsf; हाम्रो सेरोफेरो (lj1fg, :jf:Yo /
ul/Psf], zf/Ll/s lzIff, ;fdflhs cWoog,
rfl/lqs ljsf; tyf l;h{gfTds snf)
• k/LIf0fsf nflu :jLs[t -sIff ! b]lv # sf] PsLs[t kf7\oj|md_ M ldlt अन्तरविषयक ढााँचा
@)&%÷!@÷@@ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ भाषा : नेपाली र
अङ्ग्रेजी
• k/LIf0f M z}lIfs ;q @)&^ df sIff ! df !* lhNnfsf !)# ljBfnox¿df, स्थानीय विषय
sIff @ / # df k/LIf0f z}=;= @)&& गणित

• sfof{Gjog jf nfu" ug{ :jLs[lt M ldlt @)&^÷!)÷@

विषयक्षेत्र
• sfof{Gjog jf nfu" M z}lIfs ;q @)&& df sIff ! df, z}=;= @)&* df sIff @
/ # df

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 84 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 85

अन्तरविषयक एकीकरि PsLs[t kf7\oqmd

sIff !–# sf] PsLs[t kf7\oqmd @)&^
हाम्रो सेरोफेरो • ;fdflhs cWoog, lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff /
l;h{gfTds snf ljifonfO{ cGt/ljifos (Interdisciplinary) 9fFrfsf]
kf7\oj|mdsf ¿kdf xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] ljifo If]qdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
सामाजजक विज्ञान तथा • kf7\oj|mdsf] ;du|df ;+/rgfdf xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f], ul0ft, g]kfnL efiff, cª\u]h
| L
अध्ययन र ससक िातािरि efiff ljifoIf]qnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L ax'ljifos (Multidisciplinary)
9fFrfsf] PsLs[t kf7\oj|md tof/ ul/Psf]
स्िास््य तथा • kf7\oqmdn] ljifout ;Ifdtfsf ;fy} hLjgf]kof]uL Jojxf/s'zn ;LknfO{
शारीररक ;d]t PsLs[t u/]sf] 5 .
• Jojxf/s'zn ;Lk cGtu{t % j6f lj:t[t If]q -!_ ;f]rfO ;Lk, -@_ j}olQms
;Lk, -#_ cGt/j}olQms ;Lk, -$_ ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf ax';fIf/tf ;Lk / -%_
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 86 gful/s ;Lk cGtu{t @( j6f PADAMRAJ
Jojxf/s' zn ;Lk ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . 87
ACHARYA

PsLs[t kf7\oqmd PsLs[t kf7\oqmd

sIff !–# sf] PsLs[t kf7\oqmd @)&^
• PsLs[t kf7\oqmd cg';f/ ca k"0ff{Ídf cfwfl/t ljifo x'g] 5}gg\ . ;a} ljifo
kf7\o306f -qm]l86 cfj/_ cg';f/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .
• sIff !–# ;Dd x/]s sIff @^ kf7\o306fsf] x'g]5 . Ps kf7\o306f a/fa/
#@ sfo{ 306fsf] l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk tf]lsPsf] 5 . o;/L Pp6f
sIffdf jif{el/ *#@ sfo{ 306fsf] l;sfO ;xhLs/0f x'g]5 .
• o; kf7\oqmdn] ca 306Ldf cfwfl/t lzIf0f l;sfO lqmofsnfknfO{ sIffut
-u|]8_ lzIf0fdf ¿kfGt/0f ul/lbPsf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ Pp6f lzIfsn] x/]s
lbg $ 306f @) ldg]6 ;do Pp6f sIffdf latfpg'kg]{5 .
• kf7\oqmd g} PsLs[t 9fFrfdf lgdf{0f u/L ;f]xLadf]lhd ljBfyL{ sfo{k'l:tsf
/ lzIfs dfu{bz{g;d]t tof/ ePsf]
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 88
• x/]s ljifosf] klxnf] ;f/ æd / d]/f] kl/jf/Æ g} /xg]5 . oxL ;f/df
cfwfl/t /xL ljleGg l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lqmofsnfk ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
5.
l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;xof]uL ;fwgx¿
• kf7\oqmd, lzIfs dfu{bz{g / ljBfyL{ sfo{k'l:tsf /xg]5g\ .
• lzIfs / ljBfyL{ kf7\ok':tsdf dfq v'lDrg'kg]{ 5}}g .
• lzIfssf nflu kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjog dfu{bz{g / ljBfyL{sf nflu
ljBfyL{ sfo{k'l:tsf /xg]5 t/ ca kf7\ok':ts eg] /xg] 5}g .
• kf7\oqmd, lzIfs dfu{bz{g / ljBfyL{ sfo{k'l:tsfaLr tfnd]n ldnfP/
dfq l;sfO lqmofsnfk ;xhLs/0f ug{'kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf 5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 89

13
 5/20/2022

kf7\oj|mddf Jojxf/s'zn l;k

PsLs[t kf7\oqmd kfFr lj:t[t If]q cGtu{t @( cf]6f Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
kf7\oj|mdsf] PsLs[t :j¿k != ;f]rfO l;k (Thinking Skills) M ;"rgf k|zf]wg ug{, ;"rgfnfO{ ;+of]hg ug{, lg0f{o
lng / gofF ljrf/ l;h{gf ug{ k|of]u ug]{ ;+1fgfTds lj|mofsnfk
• dft[efiffnfO{ :yfgLo ljifosf ¿kdf :yfgLo txn] ljsf; jf 5gf]6 u/L @= j}olSts l;k (Intrapersonal Skills) M lhDd]jf/L Pjd\ k|ltj4tf ljsf;; ug'{,
kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ug{'kb{5 . :jJoj:yfkg, cfTdan / :jfleefgsf] ljsf;, Odfgbf/L / :jcg'zf;g, ;do Joj:yfkg,
• g]kfnL / cª\u]h| L efiff ljifosf kf7\oj|md ;'gfO, af]nfO, k9fO / n]vfO :jtGq l;sfO, nrstf / cg's"ngtf h:tf l;k
u/L efiffsf cfwf/e"t rf/ l;kx¿ tyf eflifs sfo{x¿sf cfwf/df #= cGt/j}olSts l;k (Interpersonal Skills) M csf]{ JolQm;Fu k|efjsf/L ?kdf
;ª\ul7t ul/Psf] 5 . ;~rf/ / ;dGjo ug'{, ;xof]u tyf ;b\efj sfod ug{ ;Ifd x'g, c;n ;DaGw sfod ug'{
h:tf of]Uotf
$= ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf ax';fIf/tf l;k (Interpersonal Skills) M lj1fg, k|ljlwsf
;fy} ;+:s[ltdf s'zntf k|fKt ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ljljw jftfj/0fsf] Joj:yfkg, ;+:s[ltx?sf]
1fg, ljZjJofkL ;f]r, k|efjsf/L ;dfwfg, lh1f;', lrGtg ug]{ nufotsf l;k
%= gful/s l;k (Citizenship Skills) M nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotf, ;xeflutf,
;xgzLntf / v'nfkg, ljljwtfsf] af]w / ;Ddfg, /fli6«o klxrfg, ;dfh, efiff, ;+:s[lt /
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 90
/fi6«k|lt k|]d / ckgTj, JolStut, ;fdflhs tyf gful/s bfloTj / lhDd]jf/L jxg
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 92
ug]{nufot ljZjJofkL r]tgfsf] ljsf;

/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^

• klxnf]k6s ljBfno txsf] /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f¿k :jLs[lt ldlt M
@)^#÷!)÷@%
• klxnf] kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] lj=;+=@)&!÷#÷#) ut]
/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^
(=@ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ • /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿ksf] :j¿k tyf cfwf/x¿ tof/ M ldlt
@)&%÷)@÷!* sf] kl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] u/]sf]
• kf7\oj|md ;+/rgf l;kmfl/; jf :jLs[t M @)&%÷)%÷)@ -sIff !@ ;Dd_
• /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f¿k @)&^ :jLs[ltsf nflu l;kmfl/; M
@)&^÷)%÷!( -kl/ifb\n]_
• /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f¿k :jLs[t ldlt M @)&^÷%÷@) - lzIff, lj1fg
tyf k|ljlw dGqfnoaf6 _
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 98 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 99

/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^

• /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿k ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7\oj|md;DaGwL d"n
dfu{bzs b:tfj]h xf] .
• ljBfno lzIffsf] ;'wf/;DaGwL dfu{lrqsf ¿kdf ljsf; ul/Psf]
. • Ps kf7\o306f a/fa/ #@ sfo{306f (Working hour) x'g]5 .
• ultzLn b:tfj]h
• !# jif]{ cjlwsf] ljBfno lzIffsf] ;du| b[li6sf]0f lgwf{/0f
• sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd PsLs[t kf7\oj|md tyf sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Dd
PsnkyLo kf7\oj|md 9fFrf cjnDag .
• kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]zL k4ltsf nflu d'Vo nlIft ;d"x -!% ;d"x_ M
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 100
kf7\oj|md ;+/rgf
• /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿k / /fli6«o of]Uotf k|f¿kaLr ;fd~h:o sfod
• cIf/fª\sg kåltcg'¿k ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAw k|df0fLs/0f ul/g] .
• sIff Psb]lv tLg;Ddsf k|To]s sIffsf nflu jflif{s @^ kf7\o306f
• sIff $ b]lv !) ;Ddsf nflu k|To]s sIffsf nflu jflif{s #@ kf7\o306f
• sIff !! / !@ df jflif{s sDtLdf @& b]lv a9Ldf #@ kf7\o306f
• jflif{s sDtLdf @)% lbg k7gkf7g
• ;fdfGotof Ps 306fsf] lkl/o8
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 101

14
 5/20/2022

/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^

;ª\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] kf7\oj|md;Da4 clwsf/ If]qsf] afF8kmfF8
;+3sf] clwsf/ ;ª\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] kf7\oj|md;Da4 clwsf/ If]qsf] afF8kmfF8
• /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿k ljsf;, • P]lR5s ljifox¿ :yfgLo txsf] ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0fdf ljBfnon] 5gf]6
ug]{ 5 .
• ljifout kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tssf] dfkb08 ljsf;
• cleefjs / ljBfnosf] k/fdz{df dft[efiffdf k7gkf7gsf] Joj:yf
• kf7\oj|mdsf] vfsf
:yfgLo txn] ug]{ 5 .
• gd'gf kf7\ok':ts ljsf;
• :jLs[t kf7\ok':tssf] ;'lglZrttf :yfgLo txn] ug]{ 5 .
k|b]zsf] clwsf/
• /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿ksf] dfu{bz{g / ljifout dfkb08 tyf vfsfleq /xL
kf7\ok':ts ljsf; ug]{
:yfgLo txsf] clwsf/
• sIff * ;Ddsf] :yfgLo kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\o;fdu|L -dft[efiff ;d]t_
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 102 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 103

/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^

kf7\ok':ts tyf kf7\o;fdu|L ljsf;, pTkfbg tyf ljt/0f ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg tyf k|df0fLs/0f
• /ª\uLg kf7\ok':tssf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbOg] 5 . • d"Nofª\sg / k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu ljBfno :t/Lo k/LIff / afx\o ;fj{hlgs
• ax'kf7\ok':ts ljsf; Pjd\ k|of]u ug]{ gLlt lnOg] . k/LIff ;~rfng ul/g] .
• kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|n] gd'gf kf7\ok':ts ljsf; u/L d'b|0fLo k|lt (Print • sIff ! b]lv & tyf sIff ( sf] k/LIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDdf :jod\ ljBfnosf]
Ready Copy -PRC) tof/ kfg]{ 5 . x'g]5 .
• /fli6«o k':ts gLlt th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg] 5 . • sIff & ;Dd lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ dN"ofªs\g k|0ffnL cjnDag
• ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 gd'gf kf7\ok':ts ljsf; ul/g] 5 . • ;fj{hlgs k/LIff # txdf
• k|f/lDes sIffdf sfo{k':ts (Work book) k|of]udf hf]8 lbOg] 5 . s_ sIff * df :yfgLo txn],
v_ sIff !) df k|b]zn] /
u_ sIff !! tyf !@ df ;ª\3n]
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 104 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 105

/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^

ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg tyf k|df0fLs/0f • ljBfno lzIffsf] b[li6sf]0f M ljBfno lzIffsf] b[li6sf]0f æ;dfhjfb pGd'v
• ;fwf/0f wf/tkm{ ;fj{hlgs k/LIffsf k|To]s ljifodf @% k|ltzt ef/sf] cfGtl/s ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t ;d[¢ /fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu ;Ifd / k|lt:kwL{ gful/s
/ &% k|ltzt ef/sf] afx\o d"Nofª\sg ljsf;Æ ug'{ x'g] 5 .
• /fli6«o kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf d"Nofª\sg kl/ifb\åf/f :jLs[t d"Nofª\sg;DaGwL • ljBfno lzIffsf /fli6«o p2]Zo M !@ j6f
9fFrf / kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|n] tof/ u/]sf] ljifout ljlzi6Ls/0f • cfwf/e"t lzIff sIff ! b]lv * sf ;Ifdtf M !@ j6f
tflnsfadf]lhd k/LIff ug'{kg]{5 . • dfWolds lzIff sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Dd M !% j6f
• afnljsf;sf ;Ifdtf M ^ j6f
• cfwf/e"t lzIff sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd M & j6f
• cfwf/e"t lzIff sIff $ b]lv % ;Dd M * j6f
• cfwf/e"t lzIff sIff ^ b]lv * ;Dd M !# j6f
• dfWolds lzIff sIff ( b]lv !) ;Dd M !! j6f
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 106 • dfWolds lzIff sIff !! b]lv !@PADAMRAJ
;Dd MACHARYA
!) j6f 107

15
 5/20/2022

/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ txut ;+/rgf / pd]/

lzIffsf] ;+/rgf ljBfnosf] tx sIff pd]/ ;d"x l;sfO Ifdtf :t/
• l;sf?sf] pd]/, l;sfO Ifdtf:t/ tyf afndgf]lj1fg ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL
k|f/lDes afn k|f/lDes afn $ jif{
ljBfno lzIffsf] txut / sIffut ;+/rgf
ljsf; / lzIff ljsf; / lzIff
• ! jif{ cjlwsf] k|f/lDes afnljsf; / lzIff
• sIff ! b]lv * ;Dd cfwf/e"t lzIff cfwf/e"t sIff !– # % b]lv & jif{;Dd tx !
• sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Dd dfWolds lzIff -sIff ! b]lv *_
sIff $ – % * b]lv ( jif{;Dd tx @
• !±*±$
• dfWolds lzIff # k|sf/sf M sIff ^ – * !) b]lv !@ tx #
-!_ ;fwf/0f,
jif{;Dd
dfWolds sIff ( – !) !# b]lv !$ tx $
-@_ k/Dk/fut -lzIff P]g cg';f/ ;+:s[t_
sIff ( b]lv !@ jif{;Dd
-#_ k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos sIff !! – !@ !% b]lv !^ tx %
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 108 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 109
jif{;Dd

/fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ k|Zgx?

kf7\oj|md ljsf;, :jLs[lt / kl/dfh{g k|lj|mofdf ;'wf/ !_ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k, @)&^ cg';f/ jflif{s sDtLdf slt lbg k7gkf7g
• /fli6o« kf7\oqmd k|f¿kn] lgb]{z u/]cg';f/ kf7\oqmd, kf7o\k:'ts / x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 <
kf7\o;fdu|Lsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . s_ !(@ lbg v_ @)% lbg u_ @!) lbg 3_ @@) lbg
• cfjZostfg';f/ kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tsnfO{ k|To]s jif{ cBfjlws ul/g] @_ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k, @)&^ n] s'g sIffnfO{ l;sfO Ifdtf:t/sf cfwf/df
5. tx # df /fv]sf] 5 <
• ;fdfGotof k|To]s kfFr jif{df ;d;fdlos kl/dfh{g ul/g] 5 . s_ sIff ! b]lv # v_ sIff $ b]lv %
• ;fdfGotof k|To]s bz jif{df k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;dofg's"n kl/jt{g ul/g] u_ sIff ^ b]lv * 3_ sIff ( b]lv !@
5. #_ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k, @)&^ n] slt sIff;Dd PsLs[t kf7\oqmd nfu" ug]{
gLlt lnPsf] 5 <
s_ sIff ! b]lv # v_ sIff ! b]lv %
u_ sIff ! b]lv * 3_ sIff ! b]lv @
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 110 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 111

k|Zgx?
$_ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k, @)&^ cg';f/ dfWolds lzIffsf] k|sf/df s'g kb]{g <
s_ ;fwf/0f v_ ;+:s[t
u_ k/Dk/fut 3_ k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos
%_ lzIff P]g @)@* cg';f/ dfWolds lzIffsf] k|sf/df s'g kb]{g < (=# :yfgLo kf7\oqmd
s_ ;fwf/0f v_ ;+:s[t
u_ k/Dk/fut 3_ k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos
^_ /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k, @)&^ cg';f/ cfwf/e"t lzIffsf] pd]/ ;d"x s'g xf] <
s_ $ b]lv !@ jif{ v_ % b]lv !@ jif{
u_ % b]lv !# jif{ 3_ % b]lv ( jif{

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 112 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 113

16
 5/20/2022

:yfgLo kf7\oj|md :yfgLo kf7\oj|md

• Think globally, act locally • :yfg ljz]ifdf cfwfl/t kf7\oqmd
• :yfgLo cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t /xL :yfgLo :t/df lgdf{0f / • :yfgdf cfwfl/t, :yfgsf af/], :yfgLoåf/f / :yfgLosf
sfof{Gjog ul/g] kf7\oqmd nflu tof/ ul/Psf] kf7\oqmd
• :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] cfjZostf, rfxgf / pgLx¿s}
;xeflutfdf :yfgLo ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L lgdf{0f / • ;fGbeL{s[t kf7\oqmd
sfof{Gjog x'g] kf7\oqmd g} :yfgLo kf7\oqmd xf] . • # kIf jf tTj M
• kf7\oqmd h;sf nflu agfOg] xf] ltgLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf klg -!_ :yfgLo cfjZostf,
cfjZos 5 eGg] cjwf/0ffdf :yfgLo kf7\oqmd cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 .
• kf7\oqmdsf] ljs]G›Ls/0f -@_ :yfgLo ljifoj:t' /
-#_ :yfgLo ;xeflutf÷lj1tf

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 114 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 115

:yfgLo kf7\oqmd ;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yf :yfgLo kf7\oqmd ;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yf
• dft[efiffsf] dfWodaf6 k|fylds lzIff M g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)$& • kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n] @)%! ;fnb]lv dft[efiffsf
• dft[efiffsf] dfWodaf6 k|fylds lzIff lbg l;kmfl/; M /fli6«o kf7\o;fdu|Lsf] ljsf; ug{ z'? u/]sf]
lzIff cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg @)$( • xfn;Dd @^ dft[efiff ;+:s[tafx]s -;+:s[t;d]t @& efiff_ df
• kf7\oqmddf klxnf]k6s ;dfj]z M k|fylds lzIff kf7\oqmd @)$( cfwf/e"t txsf kf7\ok':ts tof/
df :yfgLo ljifo jf dft[efiffdWo] s'g} Ps ljifo !)) k"0ff{+s / • ;+:s[tnfO{ sIff ! b]lv g} sIff * ;Dd :yfgLo ljifosf] ?kdf
;fKtflxs # kf7\oef/sf] ljBfnon] 5gf]6 u/L k9fpg ;Sg] k7gkf7g u/fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf
Joj:yf
• :yfgLo kf7\oqmd ljsf; lgb]{lzsf @)^)

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 117 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 118

k|fylds lzIff kf7\oj|md,

cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oj|md -sIff ^–*_, @)^( n] :yfgLo
@)^@ -sIff !–#_, @)^% -sIff $ / %_ n] :yfgLo
kf7\oj|mdsf af/]df u/]sf] Joj:yf
kf7\oj|mdsf af/]df u/]sf] Joj:yf
qm=;+= ljifo s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf] :yfgLo c+z qm=;+= ljifo :yfgLo c+z
!= :yfgLo ljifo – !))∞ != dft[efiff jf :yfgLo ljifo !))∞
@= ;fdflhs cWoog *)∞ @)∞

#= zf/Ll/s lzIff *)∞ @)∞

$= l;h{gfTds snf *)∞ @)∞

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 119 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 120

17
 5/20/2022

:yfgLo kf7\oqmd ;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yf :yfgLo kf7\oqmd ;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yf
• :yfgLo kf7\oqmd k|f¿k :jLs[t M lj=;+= @)&!÷#÷#) sf] /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k, @)&^ df :yfgLo kf7\oqmd
kl/ifb\sf] j}7saf6, -jt{dfg kf7\oqmd cg';f/_
• :yfgLo kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog dfu{bz{g - • sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd M dft[efiff÷:yfgLo ljifo jflif{s % kf7\o306f
dft[efiff;lxt_ @)&^ jf !^) sfo{306f
• sIff $ b]lv * df M jflif{s $ kf7\o306f jf !@* sfo{306fsf] Ps
ljifo k7gkf7g ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf],
• /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿ksf] dfu{bz{g / vfsfleq /xL :yfgLo txn]
:yfgLo cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ u/L :yfgLo kf7\oj|md tyf
kf7\o;fdu|L ljsf; ug]{ 5 .
• cfwf/e"t txsf] sIff * ;Ddsf] kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\o;fdu|L ljsf; /
:jLs[lt ug]{ lhDd]jf/L M :yfgLo txsf] x'g]
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 121 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 122

:yfgLo kf7\oqmd ;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yf :yfgLo kf7\oqmd ;DaGwL gLltut Joj:yf
• :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] ?kdf dft[efiffsf] 5gf]6 ug'{kbf{ ax';+Vos ax'eflifs lz Iff s fo{qm
d k/LIf0f
ljBfyL{n] af]Ng] dft[efiff 5gf]6 ug'{k5{ . • lj=;+= @)^$ b]lv @)^^ ;Dd
• dft[efiffsf] k7gkf7g u/fpg g;lsg] :yfgdf :yfgLo k];f, • lkmgNofG8 ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf
Joj;fo jf cfjZostf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoj:t' 5gf]6 u/L k7gkf7g • ^ lhNnf M s~rgk'/, kfNkf, /;'jf, wgs'6f, ;'g;/L / emfkf
ug'{kg]{
• & cf]6f ljBfno
• ;+:s[tnfO{ klg :yfgLo ljifosf] ?kdf k7gkf7g ug{ ;lsg] .
• * j6f efiff M /fgf yf¿, du/, /;'jf tfdfª, cf7kl/of /fO{, k"j]{nL
yf¿ / p/fj, /fhj+zL / ;Gyfn
• ax'eflifs lzIff sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf @)^^÷!@÷@) df hf/L ul/Psf] .
• lgb]{lzsfn] ljBfnonfO{ Psn dft[efifL, låefifL / ax'efifL ljb\ofno
u/L tLg lsl;ddf afF8]sf]
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 123 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 124

kf7\ok':ts
cjwf/0ff
(=% kf7\ok':tssf] kl/ro, ljz]iftf / c+ux? • kf7\oqmdsf cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf ;fdu|L
(=^ ax'kf7\ok':tssf] cjwf/0ff / k|of]u • ljBfyL{sf Ifdtf, :t/ / ?lr cg';f/ tof/ ul/g]
(=& lzIf0fdf kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tssf] cGt/;DaGw • kf7\oqmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] b[li6n] tof/
kfl/Psf] ;fdu|L jf ;fwg
• kf7\oqmdsf p2]Zo, If]q / ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eP/ kf7\ok':ts tof/
ul/Psf] x'G5 .
• kf7\oqmd z}lIfs lqmofsnfksf] of]hgfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] x'G5 eg] kf7\oqmdsf
p2]Zo k"/f ug{ rflxg] dxTjk"0f{ ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf kf7\ok':tsn] ;xof]u
k'¥ofpF5 .
• kf7\oqmdåf/f lgwf{l/t p2]Zo / ljifoj:t' k|:t't ug]{ Pp6f ;fwg
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 127

18
 5/20/2022

kf7\ok':ts kf7\ok':ts
• u'8 -!*%(_ – æs'g} kf7\of+zsf nflu cfwf/e"t ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf kf7\ok':ts /x]sf] kf7\ok':tssf c+ux? M
x'G5 . o;df lglZrt ljifoj:t'x¿nfO{ lglZrt txdf lzIf0f ug]{ lsl;dn] Jojl:yt
9Ën] ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 .Æ • PsfO -gDa/ / lzif{s_,
• j|mf]gJofs -!($(_ – æs'g} kf7\of+zsf ljleGg PsfOx¿sf] lzIf0fl;sfO j|mda4¿kdf • kf7 -gDa/, lzif{s_,
x'g ;sf];\ eGg] Wo]on] kf7\ok':ts /rgf ul/G5 .Æ
• kf7\oqmdåf/f lgwf{l/t p2]Zo / ljifoj:t' k|:t't ug]{ Pp6f ;fwgsf ¿kdf dfq k|of]u • ljifoj:t',
ug'{kg]{df xfd|f ljBfnodf ;fWos} ¿kdf kf7\ok':tsnfO{ lng] kl/kf6Ln] a9L dxTj • cEof; .
kfPsf] 5 .
• kf7\oqmdnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ lzIfsn] cGo lzIf0f ;|f]t;fdu|Lsf cfwf/df klg lzIf0f ug{
;Sg'k5{ .
• ;du|df kf7\ok':ts eg]sf] s'g} klg ljifodf lzIfsnfO{ lgb]{zg tyf lgoGq0f ug]{ /
ljBfyL{nfO{ k'g/fj[lQ / cEof;sf ;Gbe{df pkof]u ug{ kf7\oj|mdsf p2]Zocg'¿k tof/
ul/Psf] ;fdu|L= eGg] a'lemG5 .

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 128 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 129

kf7\ok':ts kf7\ok':ts
kf7\ok':tssf kmfObfx¿ kf7\ok':tsafx]s lzIfs ljBfyL{n] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] cGo ;fdu|Lx¿
• o;n] lzIf0fnfO{ ;'Jojl:yt agfpg ;xof]u u5{ . • ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿÷;Gbe{ k':tsx¿
• kf7\ok':ts ;:tf] / ;j{;'ne x'G5 . • >Jo, b[Zo, >Job[Zo ;fdu|Lx¿ -lrq kf]:6/, 6]k/]s8{/ cflb_
• o;df JolQmut ¿kdf lgb]{zgsf] pknAwtf x'G5 . • k':tsfnodf pknAw ;fdu|Lx¿
• of] sIff lgb]{zgnfO{ ;+ul7t / Ps¿ktf agfpg ;xof]uL x'G5 . • OG6/g]6df pknAw ;fdu|Lx¿
• o;n] ;lqmo l;sfOnfO{ pT;flxt ub{5 . • ljleGg kqklqsf / hg{nx¿
• o;n] ljBfyL{sf] lqmofsnfknfO{ :jlgb]{lzt agfpg k|f]T;flxt ub{5 . • lzIfs lgb]{lzsf
• o;n] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ :jfWoogdf ;xof]u ub{5 . • afn k'l:tsfx¿
• o;n] ljBfyL{nfO{ k/LIffsf] tof/L ug{ ;3fpF5 .
• o;n] lzIfsnfO{ z}Ifl0fs of]hgf agfpg ;xof]u ub{5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 130 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 131

kf7\ok':ts kf7\ok':ts
ax'kf7\ok':ts ax'kf7\ok':ts k|0ffnLsf] dxŒj jf cfjZostf
• s'g} Ps ljifodf PseGbf a9L kf7\ok':tsx¿ n]vg / k|sfzg eO{ • :jR5 k|ltikwf{af6 u'0f:t/Lo ;fdu|L rogdf ;xhtf Nofpg
k|of]ustf{nfO{ k|z:t 5gf]6sf] cj;/ lbg] Joj:yf • ljBfyL{x¿df kof{Kt 1fg, ;Lk, Ifdtf k|bfg ug{
• Pp6} kf7\oqmddf cfwfl/t eO{ ljleGg n]vsx¿åf/f n]lvPsf] Ps} ljifosf • lghL If]qnfO{ klg ljsf;sf] ;xof]uL / ;fem]bf/L agfpg
kf7\ok':tsx¿ ax';Vos ?kdf k|sfzgdf Nofpg] k4lt • ;a}nfO{ pkof]uL x'g] ljifoj:t' ljleGg kf7\ok':tsdfkm{t pknAw u/fpg
• ;/sf/L kf7\oqmdcg;f/ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L jf lghL k|sfzgåf/f tof/ • :t/Lotfsf nflu k|ltikwf{ ug{
ul/g] kf7\ok':tsx¿ ljBfnon] 5gf]6 u/L k9fpg] k4lt • ;'ky d"Nodf kf7\ok':ts k|sfzg / ljt/0f Pjd\ Jofj;flostfsf]
• tf]lsPsf] kf7\oqmdnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ljleGg ljifout n]vsåf/f ljsf; u/L ljsf;sf ug{
tf]lsPsf] ;+:yfåf/f :jLs[t k|fKt ljleGg k':tssf] k|of]u • u'0f:t/Lo kf7\ok':tssf] rog ug{
• 5'6\6f5'6\6} kf7\oqmdcg';f/ ljleGg n]vsåf/f kf7\ok':tsx¿ n]lvg] / • ;dod} kf7\ok':ts k|fKt ug{
k|sflzt x'g] k4lt • 5gf]6sf] cj;/ lbg .

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 132 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 133

19
 5/20/2022

kf7\ok':ts kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tsaLr cGt/;DaGw

• lzIffsf] /fli6«o p2]ZonfO{ ;fWo / kf7\oj|md tyf kf7\ok':tsnfO{ pSt p2]Zo
ax'kf7\ok':tssf] ljsf; ug]{ tl/sf
k"/f ug]{ ;fwgsf ¿kdf lnOG5 .
• sfg"gL ;'wf/ ug]{
• kf7\oj|md lzIf0fl;sfOsf] lj:t[t of]hgf xf] eg] kf7\ok':ts pSt of]hgfnfO{
• lghL If]qsf k|sfzgx¿nfO{ ;x'lnot / k|f]T;fxg ug]{
sfo{¿k lbg tof/ kfl/Psf] ljifoj:t'sf] lj:tfl/t ¿k xf] .
• kf7\oqmdsf cfwf/df n]vsx¿nfO{ 5'6\6f5'6\6} k':ts n]Vg] cg'dlt lbg] • kf7\oj|mdsf] lgdf{0f tyf kl/dfh{gsf] k|lj|mof lj:t[t / Jofks x'G5 .
• lzIffljb\ / cg'ejL lzIfssf] ;Nnfx / ;'emfj lnP/ gLlt th'{df ug]{ kf7\ok':ts lgdf{0fdf kf7\ok':ts n]vs tyf kl/dfh{gstf{sf ¿kdf
• kf7\ok':ts n]vg / k|sfzg k|lqmofnfO{ lglZrt dfkb08 tf]s]/ Jojl:yt ljifout ljz]if1 jf lzIfsx¿sf] sfo{bnsf] dfq ;+nUgtf /xG5 .
ug]{ • kf7\oj|md lzIf0f of]hgfsf] ;}4flGts kIf xf] h;df ;DalGwt ljifosf] p2]Zo,
kf7\oj:t'sf] If]q / j|md, ljlw, ;Gbe{ Pjd\ z}lIfs ;fdu|L / d"Nofª\sgsf
pkfonfO{ ;"qa4 ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] x'G5 eg] kf7\ok':ts kf7\oj|mdsf
log} a'Fbfx¿sf cfwf/df JofVof, pbfx/0f, lrq tyf gd'gf cEof;;d]t lbP/
tof/ kfl/Psf] lj|mofsnfkd'vL ljifout kf7\o;fdu|L xf] .
• Pp6} kf7\oj|mdsf cfwf/df w]/} kf7\ok':tsx¿ klg tof/ kfg{ ;lsG5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 134 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 135

(=* lzIfs lgb]{lzsf / o;sf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u
(=( kf7\o;fdu|L / ;|f]t ;fdu|Lx?sf] ;+sng, lgdf{0f,
tof/L, k|of]u / e08f/0f
(=!) k':tsfnosf] cjwf/0ff / o;sf] ;d'lrt k|of]u
lzIfs lgb]{lzsf
• kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjogsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] ;fwg jf ;fdu|L
• lzIf0f–sfo{nfO{ ;/n, ;xh / k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
lzIf0f ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf lzIfs lgb]{lzsfnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
• kf7\ok':tssf kf7x¿ s;/L lzIf0f ug]{ eg]/ kf7sf p2]Zo, z}lIfs ;fdu|L,
lzIf0fljlw, d"Nofª\sg k|lqmof;d]t lbO{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;fdu|LnfO{ lzIfs
lgb]{lzsf elgG5 .
• o;n] lzIf0fdf cfOkg]{ ;d:of Pjd\ sl7gfOx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;xL
9ª\un] dfu{lgb]{zg ub{5 .
• lzIfsn] s'g kf7sf] p2]Zo s] x'g], o;sf nflu s]s:tf z}lIfs ;fdu|L
k|of]u ug]{, s'g–s'g ljlw ckgfpg] / d"Nofª\sg s;/L ug]{, zLif{scg';f/
gd"gf k|Zgx¿ / cfjZos 306L cflb s'/f lzIfs lgb]{lzsfdf /x]sf] x'G5 .
• o;n] ubf{ lzIf0fsfo{df lzIfsPADAMRAJ
cndlng' kb}{g / of]hgfa4 9ª\un] lzIf0f137
ACHARYA
ug{ ;xof]u k'U5 .

lzIfs lgb]{lzsf lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

lzIfs lgb]{lzsfsf c+ux? M ;du|df lzIfs lgb]{lzsfn] M
• kf7 ;+Vof • lzIfsnfO{ sIffsf]7fdf hfg'cl3 k"j{tof/L ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
• kf7 zLif{s • jflif{s, PsfOut / b}lgs kf7of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
• cg'dflgt 306L • z}lIfs ;fdu|Lsf] lgdf{0f, 5gf]6 / k|of]u ug{ ;3fpg],
• kf7 kl/ro • kf7sf] :j¿k / k|s[ltcg';f/ lzIf0fljlwsf] rog / k|of]u ug{ ;3fpg]
• kf7sf] p2]Zo -l;sfO pknlAw_
• lzIfs Pjd\ ljBfyL{ lqmofsnfk ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf dfu{lgb]{z ug]{
• z}lIfs ;fdu|L
• d"Nofª\sg sfo{nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
• lzIf0f lqmofsnfk
• lzIf0f sfo{nfO{ ;/n, ;xh, of]hgfa4 / ;'lgof]lht 9ª\un] cufl8 a9fpg
• d"Nof+sg
• yk cEof;
• l6kf]6 ug]{ :yfg
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 138 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 139

20
 5/20/2022

lzIf0f ;|f]t ;fdu|L M lzIf0f ;|f]t ;fdu|Lsf pbfx/0fx?

• kf7\oqmd4f/f ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAw k"/f u/fpgsf nflu lzIf0f l;sfO – kf7\ok':ts,
lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]uL ;fdu|LnfO{ lzIf0f ;|f]t ;fdu|L elgG5 . – lzIfs lgb]{lzsf
• 1fg / lj1fgsf If]qdf cfPsf gjLgtd s'/fx¿, lzIf0f l;sfO, ljBfyL{ – afn ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L
– ;/sf/åf/f kf7\oqmddf pNn]lvt ;Gbe{ k':tsx¿,
d"NofÍg, sIff Joj:yfkg, of]hgf lgdf{0f cflb sfo{sf nflu lzIfsnfO{
– ljifoj:t';Fu ldNbf ljljw ;Gbe{ k':tsx¿,
ljleGg ;|f]t ;fdu|Lsf] cfjZostf k5{ . – lzIff P]g lgod tyf lzIff gLltx¿,
• lzIf0f sfo{df k"j{ tof/L ug{ tyf lzIf0fnfO{ ;|f]tk"0f{ agfpg ljleGg – afndgf]lj1fg;DaGwL k':tsx¿,
k|sf/sf lzIf0f ;|f]t ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . – lzIf0f ljlw;DaGwL k':tsx¿,
– d"Nof+sg;DaGwL 1fg ePsf k':tsx¿,
– z}Ifl0fs of]hgf tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL k':ts cflb .

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 140 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 141

k':tsfno
k':tsfnosf] kl/ro
• ;fdfGotof 1fg cfh{g :yfgsf ¿kdf k':tsfnonfO{ lng] ul/G5 . of]
k':tsfnosf] cjwf/0ff / o;sf] ;d'lrt k|of]u lstfjx¿ ;'/lIft ;fy /flvPsf], k9\g], n]Vg] ;'ljwf ePsf] 7fpF xf] .
• zflAbs ¿kdf k':tsfno eg]sf] k':ts 3/ -k':ts–cfno_ xf], cyf{t\
k':tssf] 3/, k':ts ;+u|x ug]{ 3/ cflb .
• lj:t[t ¿kdf eGg'kbf{ k':tsfno eg]kl5 k':ts ;Ë|lxt 3/sf] ¿kdf dfq
ga'emL OR5's JolQmx¿nfO{ k9\g ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ ljleGg ljifosf k':ts
;+u|x, ;+/If0f / Jojl:yt u/]/ /flvPsf] :yfg ljif]z eGg] a'lemG5 .

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 143

k':tsfno k':tsfnosf lsl;d

k':tsfno lj1fgsf kfFr lgod • ;+;f/df xfn # lsl;dsf k':tsfno M
-8f= cf/ P; /+ugfysf cg';f/_ -!_ kf/:kl/s k':tsfno,
• k':ts k|of]usf nflu x'g\ -Books are for use_ -@_ O{–k':tsfno -ljB'tLo k':tsfno_
• k|To]s kf7ssf] cf–cfˆgf] k':ts -Every reader his/her book_ -#_ ldl>t k':tsfno
• k|To]s k':tssf] cf–cfˆgf] kf7s x'G5 -Every book its reader_ • kf/:kl/s k':tsfno M–k':tsx¿sf] vft jf e08f/
• kf7ssf] ;do arfpm -Save the time of the reader_ • O{–k':tsfno M–OG6/g]6 k|of]u u/]/ jf gu/]/ sDKo'6/ jf
• k':tsfno lg/Gt/ j[l4 eO/xg] ;+:yf xf] -Library is a growing :df6{kmf]gaf6 x]g{, ;'Gg jf k9\g ;lsg] u/L Jojl:yt ul/Psf
organism_ k':tsfnox¿
• ;a}vfn] ;fdu|L ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 h'g;'s} :yfg / ;dodf kfpg]
k':tsfno
• sDKo'6/leqsf] !))) hLaLsf] xf8{l8S; -d]df]/L_ df Ps ldgL O{–
k':tsfno c6fpg ;lsG5 .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 144 145

21
 5/20/2022

k':tsfno k':tsfno
k':tsfnon] s;/L ;xof]u u5{ < ljBfno k':tsfnosf] dxTj
• gofF gofF lstfj, kqklqsf, cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg¿ pknAw u/fP/ • ;fIf/tf k|j4{g M k':tsfnon] afn–afnlnsfsf] ;fIf/tfsf ;Dk"0f{ kIfx¿
h:t} M ;'gfO, k9fO / n]vfOsf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpF5 .
• ljZjdf ljsl;t ePsf 1fg tyf k|ljlwnfO{ ;'ne 9+ujf6 kx'Frdf • efiffsf] ljsf;
NofP/ • 1fgsf] clej[l4
• ljB'tLo ;Dks{dfkm{t ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o d'n'ssf k':tsfno ;+3 • k9\g] afgLsf] ljsf;
;+:yf, cg';Gwfg ;+:yf cflb;Fu lgoldt ;Dks{ sfod ug]{, • u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] ljsf;
;Lkaf6 gjLgtd 1fg, kl/lrt x'g] cj;/ k|bfg u/]/, wgL, ul/a, • ;f+:s[lts 1fg / sb/ M :yfgLo n]vsx¿n] n]v]sf tyf :yfgLo :t/df
hfGg] ghfGg] ;j}nfO{ k':tsfnosf] ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg u/L k|sflzt k':tsx¿ tyf n]vsx¿sf cWoogaf6 ljBfyL{x¿n] cfkm\g} 7fpFsf]
k]zfut ;Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ d2t u/]/ ef}uf]lns tyf ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf, k|fs[lts ;|f]tx¿, jftfj/0f tyf
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx¿af/] klg 1fg xfl;n u5{g\ .
• lzIffsf ;j} tx / ljifo;Fu ;DjlGwt ;"rgf pknAw u/fP/ .
PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 146 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 147

gd"gf k|Zgx? gd"gf k|Zgx?

!= kf7\oqmd l;sfO cg'ejsf] ;"rL xf] of] s;sf] egfO xf] < $= kf7\oqmd ljsf;sf] qmda4 gd"gf ========= xf] .
-s_ lxN8f 6fjf -v_ hLg lkofh] -s_ 6fjf gd"gf -v_ 6fon/ gd'gf
-u_ hf]g l8a] -3_ o'g]:sf]
-u_ XjLn/ gd"gf -3_ lgsf]N; gd"gf
@= l8=s]= XjLn/sf cg';f/ kf7\oqmdsf] klxnf] tTj s'g xf] <
-s_ nIo, Wo]o / p2]Zo -v_ nIo / p2]Zo %= æk|bz{g ug'{Æ p2]Zosf] s'g txdf k|of]u x'g] lqmofkb xf] <
-u_ p2]Zo -3_ cfjZostf klxrfg -s_ af]w -v_ k|of]u -u_ ljZn]if0f -3_ d"Nof+sg
#= kf7\oqmdnfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg ug]{ tTj ========== xf] .
-s_ l;sfO cg'ej -v_ p2]Zo
-u_ d"Nof+sg -3_ ljifoj:t'

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 148 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 149

gd"gf k|Zgx? gd"gf k|Zgx?

^= g]kfndf kf7\oqmd ljsf;sf =========j6f r/0fx? 5g\ . *= /fli6«o kf7\oqmd k|f?k @)&^ cg';f/ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO Ifdtf
-s_ $ r/0f -v_ & r/0f :t/sf cfwf/df tx # n] s'g ;d"xnfO{ hgfpF5 <
-s_ dfWolds -(–!)_
-u_ ^ r/0f -3_ % r/0f
-v_ cfwf/e"t -^–*_
&= dfWolds lzIffsf] kl/dflh{t kf7\oqmd ;+/rgf cg';f/ sIff (–!) -u_ dfWolds -!!–!@_
df jflif{s slt kf7\o306f k7gkf7g x'g] Joj:yf 5 <
-3_ cfwf/e"t -$–%_
-s_ #(kf7\o306f (= jt{dfg kf7\oqmd ;+/rgfn] slt sIff;Ddsf] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd
-v_ @^ kf7\o306f ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo txnfO{ lbOPsf] 5 <
-u_ #@ kf7\o306f -s_ cfwf/e"t -sIff * ;Dd_ -v_ cfwf/e"t -sIff % ;Dd_
-3_ $) kf7\o306f -u_ cfwf/e"t -sIff # ;Dd_ -3_ cfwf/e"t / dfWolds b'j}

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 150 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 151

22
 5/20/2022

gd"gf k|Zgx?
pQ/
!)=lzIfssf nflu ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;fdu|L b]xfosfdWo] s'g xf] < != u
@= s
-s_ lzIfs lgb]{lzsf
#= 3
-v_ kf7\ok':ts $= s
-u_ ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L %= v
-3_ kf7\oqmd ^= 3
&= u
*= v
(= s
!)=3

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 152 PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 153

wGojfb

PADAMRAJ ACHARYA 154

23