wdidfjka bf.k.

kak
 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏 Wiiafm< ridhk úoHdj nyqjrK m%Yak m;%fha wdo¾Y ms<s;=re ^ixfYdaê;&

m%Yk
a ms<s;=re m%Yk
a ms<s;=re m%Yk
a ms<s;=re m%Yk
a ms<s;=re m%Yk
a ms<s;=re
wxlh wxlh wxlh wxlh wxlh wxlh wxlh wxlh wxlh wxlh

01. 4 11. 3 21. 4 31. 4 41. 1

02. 5 12. 2 22. 4 32. 4 42. 1

03. 2 13. 5 23. 5 33. 2 43. 3

04. 1 14. 4 24. 1 34. 3 44. 5

05. 2 15. 5 25. 1 35. 5 45. 1

06. 3 16. 2 26. 4 36. 4 46. 4

07. 4 17. 2 27. 3 37. 1 47. 1

08. 5 18. 5 28. 3 38. 5 48. 1 or 4

09. 3 19. 3 29. 3 or 4 39. 5 49. 1

10. 5 20. 5 30. 2 40. 2 50. 3

❖ fuu tla tla m%Yakh i`oyd ms<s;=re újrK bÈß msgq j, wka;¾.; fõ'
❖ fuys i`oyka jkafka ixfYdaOkhkag wk;=rej úNd. fomd¾;=fïka;=j úiska ,ndÿka ms<s;=re fõ.

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
 2021 Wiiafm< ridhk úoHdj - nyqjrK újrKh
01. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

(1) RK wdfrdam;
s fõ' ∴ ()
(2) lef;davfha isg wefkdavh foig ∴ ()
(3) 𝑒⁄𝑚 wkqmd;h ksh;hls' ∴ ()
(4) wdfrdamKhla we;s neúka ∴ (✓)
(5) whkSlrK yelshdjla mj;shs' ∴ ()

02. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

(1) 3s, 3p, 3d ∴ (✓)

(2) 3s − ldlaIsl 1 hs
3p − ldlaIsl 3 hs uq¿ ldlaIsl 9 hs (ldlaIsl .Kk = 𝑛2 ) ∴ (✓)
3d − ldlaIsl 5 hs
(3) ldlaIsl 9 la ;=< bf,lafg%dak 18 la olajd mej;sh yel' ∴ (✓)
(4) 𝑙 = 2 hkq d WmYla;s uÜgu fõ' tys Wmßu bf,lafg%dak 10 la ;sìh yel' ∴ (✓)
(5) 3 jk Yla;s uÜgfï 𝑚𝑙 = 0 jk ldlaIsl we;af;a 3 la muKs' ∴ Wmßu bf,lafg%dak 6 la muKla
mej;sh yel' ∴ ()

03. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

04. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

F
F F F F
+ −
IF4+ IF4−
:

F − I − F I IF5 I
:

F F F F F F
;,Sh iup;=ri%dldr
iS-fida iup;=ri% msrñvdldr

05. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

• m%Odk ldnka oduhg oaú;aj yd ;%s;aj nkaOk mej;Su w;HdjYH fõ'

• ldnka oduh wxlkfha § ÈYd follskau l%shdldÍ ldKavhg tlu wxlh ,efí kï C = C oaú;aj
nkaOkhg wvq wxlh ,efnk ÈYdj f;dard .kshs'
①
OH CH2
NH2 − CH2 − CH2 − CH − C − CH2 CH3 5 − amino − 2 − ethylpent − 1 − en − 3 − ol
⑤ ④ ③ ②

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
06. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

(1) wKql ialkaO o wdikakj iudk neúka O%eùh wKqjla jk NO j, wdl¾IK (oaúO%ej - oaúO%ej yd
wmlsrK n,) N2 j,g idfmalaIj (wmlsrK n,) by< neúka ;dmdxl NO j, by< fõ' ∴ ()
(2) NH3 i;=j H nkaOk we;s neúka tys ;dmdxlh by< fõ' ∴ ()
(3) wKql ialkaOh u; Xe > K neúka Xe j, ;dmdxlh by< fõ' ∴ (✓)
(4) wKql ialkaOh jeä neúka CH3 CH2 CH2 OH j, ;dmdxlh by< fõ' ∴ ()

(5) wKql ialkaO iu`. ks¾O%eùh wKq j, mDIaG j¾.M,h jeä jk ;rug ;dmdxl by< hhs' Ydlkh
jk úg mDIaG j¾.M,h wvq jk neúka CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 j, ;dmdxlh by< fõ' ∴ ()

07. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

2+ −
M(OH)2 M(aq) + 2 OH(aq)
iu;=,;
s : 1 x 10−6 1 x 10−6 mol dm−3

Ksp = [M 2+ ] [OH − ]2
= 1 x 10−6 x (1 x 10−6 )2 pH = 8
= 1 x 10 −18 pOH = 14 − 8 = 6
[OH − ] = 1 x 10−6
kj wjia:dfõ §"

1 x 10−18 = 1 x 10−4 x [OH − ]2

[OH − ] = 1 x 10−7 mol dm−3
∴ pOH = 7
pH = 14 − 7 = 7 ^ c,h muKla ;snqK o pH w.h fuh jk neúka fuu ms<s;=r w;d;aúl fõ'
tuksid all ,nd §ug o bvlvla we;'&

08. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

(1) bf,lafg%dak hq., cHdñ;sh yd yevh hk folu ;%swdk;s oaú msrñvdldr fõ' ∴ ()

F
+

F
F − S
F
F

(2) ksjerÈ ms<sfj, jkafka Mg 2+ < F − < Al < Cl− < K fõ' ∴ ()
(3) we`Èh yels iïm%hqla; jHqy 3 ls' (mej;sh yels jHqy 2 ls') ∴ ()
+

− −
HO − N = O HO − N − O HO = N − O

− −
O O O

(4) C ≡ O (nkaOk 3 ls')

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
 O = C = O (nkaOk 2 ls')
O

4
O − C − O (nkaOk fm< = = 1.33 ls')
3

H
H − C − OH (nkaOk 1 ls')
H

∴ È.ska jeäu C − O nkaOkh we;af;a CH3 − OH g h' ∴ ()

(5) uqyï
q lrKh u;"
HCN j, C − sp
COCl2 j, C − sp2
CH4 j, C − sp3

∴ úoHq;a RK;djh u;" CH4 < COCl2 < HCN ∴ (✓)

09. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

OH Br OH
Br
Br2
iqÿ

Br

Br Br
CH3 − CH − CH2 − OH id' H2 SO4 CH3 − C = CH2 Br2 CH3 − C − CH2
CH3 ∆ CH3 CH3

10. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

1
w¾O wdhq ld, 2 la hkq A ys mSvkh fojrla x ùuhs'
2

1 1 P0
∴ kj PA = 2 P0 x x =
2 2 2

A B + C
wdrïNl 2 P0 − −
3P0 3P0 3P0
m%;sl%shd l< − + +
2 2 2
w¾O wdhq ld, P0 3P0 3P0 7P0
2lg miq uq¿ mSvkh =
2 2 2 2

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
11. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

NO2 NO2 NO2

NaNO2 / HCl CuBr
0-5 ℃
NH2 N2+ Cl− Br

12. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

1 cm3 ;=< uq`M ialkaOh = 1.42 g (>k;ajh)

70
1 cm3 ;=< HNO3 ialkaOh = 1.42 ×
100
70 1
1 cm3 ;=< HNO3 ujq, .Kk = 1.42 × ×
100 63
1 cm3 ;=< HNO3 ujq, .Kk × V = wjYH HNO3 ujq, .Kk (V - wjYH mßudj)
70 1 300
1.42 × × × V = 0.15 ×
100 63 1000
100 × 63 × 0.15 × 300
V=
1.42 × 70 ×1000

13. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

A + H3 O+ B+

fuh uQ,sl m%;sl%shdjla jk neúka,

R = K [A] [H3 O+ ]

lg fh§fuka,
lg R = lg K + lg A + lg [H3 O+ ]

− lg [H3 O+ ] = pH ksid, lg [H3 O+ ] = −1 × − lg [H3 O+ ]

lg [H3 O+ ] = − pH úh hq;=h' = − pH

∴ lg R = lg K + lg A − pH
lg R = − pH + lg K + lg A
lg R (𝑙𝑔 wdrïNl YS>%;djh)
(ksh; fõ)
y = − mx + C

pH
14. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

A + B C ① : jdhq wKq .Kk 1lska wvqjk m%;sl%shdjls'

A + C 3D ② : jdhq wKq .Kk 1lska jeäjk m%;sl%shdjls'

wdrïNfha § ① idfmaCIj jeä fõ.hlska isÿjk neúka iuia; wKq .Kk wvqùfuka moaO;sfha mSvkh wvq
fõ' ld,h;a iu. ① ys YS>%;djh wvq ùu fya;=fjka idfmaCIj ② isÿjk fõ.h jeä jQ úg kej; iuia:
wKq ixLHdj by< hñka moaO;sfha mSvkh by< hhs' mshjr 2u wjidkfha iuia; wKq .Kk wdrïNl
w.hg u kej; tk neúka mSvkh o kej; wdrïNl w.hg t<efò'

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
15. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

[A]org ∶ [A]aq = 4 ∶ 1
nA(org) ∶ nA(aq) = 4 × 2V : 1 × V
= 8 : 1
tkï uq`M mol ixLHdj 8 ∶ 1 wkqmd;hg org yd aq l,dm j, jHdma; fõ'

1
1 jk ksiaidrKhg miq c,Sh l,dmfha b;sß A mol = a ×
9
1 1
2 jk ksiaidrKhg miq c,Sh l,dmfha b;sß A mol = (a × )×
9 9
a
=
81

16. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

• NaNO2 / HCl fh¥ úg −NH2 ldKav uOHidr njg mßj¾;kh fõ'

• H + / Cr2 O2−
7 iu. TlaislrKh ùug kï m%d:ñl fyda oaú;shsl uOHidr , we,aäyhsv fyda fnkaiSkag

ne`ÿKq m%d:ñl fyda oaú;shsl we,alhs,a ldKavhla úh yel'

• f*a,sx m%;sldrlhlg .fvd,a r;= j¾Khla ,nd fkdfok neúka th we,aäyhsvhla úh fkdyel'
• (3) yd (4) ms<s;=re we,aäyhsv jk neúka ms<s.; fkdyel'
• (1) yd (5) ms<s;=re NaNO2 / HCl iu. ,ndfokafka ;D;shsl uOHidr jk neúka ms<s.; fkdyel'
• (2) we,aäyhsvhla fkdjk w;r NaNO2 / HCl iu. oaú;shsl uOHidrhla o ,ndfok neúka th
Cr2 O2−
7 i`oyd o m%;spdr olajhs' ∴ th ksjerÈ fõ'

(fnkaiSka j,g iïnkaê; m%d:ñl we,alhs,a ldKavhla we;s neúka (5) jk ms<s;=rg o ,l=Kq ,nd§ug iq`M
bvla mj;shs')

17. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

(1) ix;Dma; ødjKhla jk neúka ;j ÿrg;a idkaøKh jeä fkdfõ' m;=f,a wjlafIam fõ' ∴ ()
(2) NaCl tla lrk úg [Cl− ] by< hs' tys m%;sM,hla f,i f,a peg,sh¾ uQ,O¾uh wkqj MCl2 ys c,
s ;djh miqmig keUqre jqj o tu jeä jQ m%udKh Cl− iïmQ¾Kfhka bj;a lsÍug
ødjH;d iu;=,;
m%udKj;a fkdfõ' ∴ (✓)
(3) ()
(4) jeäjk [Cl− ] g .e<fmk mßÈ [M 2+ ] wvq lr.ksñka Ksp ksh;j mj;ajd .; yel' ∴ ()
(5) c,h tl;= l< o ix;Dma; ;;a;ajh mj;ajd .kafka kï [Cl− ] fjkia fkdfõ' ∴ ()

18. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

0.0119
KBr ujq, = = 0.0001 mol
119
0.001
[KBr] = = 2 x 10−4 mol dm−3
500 x 10−3
[K + ] = 2 x 10 −4
mol dm−3
= 2 x 10−4 mol x 39 g mol−1 dm−3
= 78 x 10−4 g dm−3
= 7.8 mg dm−3

>k;ajh = 1.0 kg dm−3 jk neúka

K + ys ppm = 7.8 mg kg −1

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
19. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

20. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

• CH4 laf,daßkSlrK hdka;%Kh n,kak' (5) yer b;sß ish,a, tys iïu; mshjr fõ'

21. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

• jdhqjl wjê WIaK;ajh hkq th iïmSvkh lsÍfuka øj njg m;a l< yels Wmßu WIaK;ajh hs'
fyda
• hï m%fNaohl jdhq l,dmh yd øj l,dmh w;r iu;=,;
s ;djh l%shd;aul jk Wmßu WIaK;ajh hs'
(Resource book − R. B. )

22. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

3 Mg + N2 Mg 3 N2
3𝑥⁄ 𝑥⁄
2 2

Mg 3 N2 + 6 H2 O 2 NH3 + 3 Mg(OH)2
𝑥⁄ 𝑥
2

672 cm3
msgjk NH3 ujq, = = 0.03 mol
22400 cm3 mol−1

3
Mg ujq, = NH3 ujq, x
2
3
= 0.03 x = 0.045 mol
2
Mg ialkaOh = 0.045 mol x 24 g mol−1 = 1.08 g

23. ms<s;=r − (𝟓)

3RT
C 2̅ =
M
3RT 3RT/
=
2 28
T/
T=
14

24. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

HA iy NaA mj;sk moaO;shla i,luq'

[NaA]
pH = pK a + lg [HA]

wdrïNfha § [NaA] = [HA] neúka"

pH = pK a
= − lg 1 x 10−5
pH = 5 fõ'
m%n, wï,hla tl;= lsÍfï § ødjKfha wdï,sl iajNdjh jeä fjñka pH w.h my< hhs' ∴ kj pH
w.h = 5 − 1 = 4 úh hq;=h'

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
 ÿn, wï,hla tla lsÍfï § (tla lrk wï, mßudj = V cm3 kï)
kj HA ujq, = 0.1 x 10 x 10−3 + 1 x V x 10−3
= (1 + V) x 10−3

NaA ujq, = 0.1 x 10 x 10−3

= 1 x 10−3
[NaA]
pH = pK a + lg [HA]
(1+V) x 10−3⁄
′
4 = 5 + lg 1 x 10−3 V V ′ = uq¿ mßudj
⁄ ′
V
1+V
−1 = lg
1

m%;s,>q ie,lSfuka"
1+V
10−1 =
1
1 1+V
=
10 1
V = 9 cm3
25. ms<s;=r − (𝟏)

olajd we;s mdßißl .eg¨ 3 gu fya;= jkafka khsg%cka ys Tlaihsv fõ' ms<s;=re w;ßka NOx msgjk
wjia:djlg WodyrK olajd we;af;a (1) muKla fõ' wNHka;r tkacska ;=< fmdis, bkaOk oykfha § N2
yd O2 m%;sl%shdfjka khsg%cka j, Tlaihsv iEfoa'

26. ms<s;=r − (𝟒)

(1) (✓)
(2) Li2 O iy Li3 N ∴ (✓)
(3) 4LiNO3 2Li2 O + 4NO2 ↑ + O2 ↑
∆
Li2 CO3 Li2 O + CO2 ↑ ∴ (✓)
∆
(4) m%n,u f,dayl nkaOk we;af;a Li g fõ' (whksl wrh l=vdu neúka) ∴ ()
(5) (✓)

27. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

H + /MnO4− iu`."
Fe2+ Fe3+
NO2− NO3− hk m%;sl%shd folu isÿ fõ'

5 Fe2+ + MnO4− Mn2+ + 5 Fe3+ 5 NO2− + 2 MnO4− 2 Mn2+ + 5 NO3−

⑤x1 ⑤x2
+7 +2 +7 +2
+3 +5
+2 +3 ②x5
①x5
1 2
wjYH MnO4− ujq, = Fe2+ ujq, x wjYH MnO4− ujq, = NO2− ujq, x
5 5

1 2
= 1 mol x = 2 mol x
5 5

= 0.2 mol = 0.8 mol

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
 wjYH uq¿ MnO4− ujq, = 1 mol

^tljr Fe(NO2 )2 TlaislrKh ùu i,ld jvd blauKska ms<s;=r ,nd .; yel'&

28. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)

(1) idudkHfhka O%eùh wKq jvd c, ødjH fõ' ∴ ()

(2) O2 , N2 jeks c,h iu`. m%;sl%shd fkdlrk jdhqka whkSlrKh fkdfõ' ∴ ()
(3) (✓)
(4) ;dmdxlh jeä fõ' ∴ ()
(5) ;%sl ,laIHh mj;skqfha ksYÑ
a ; tla WIaK;ajhlg yd mSvkhlg muKla fõ' fjk;a mSvk fyda
WIaK;aj j, § ;%sl ,laIHhla we;s fkdfõ' ∴ ()

29. ms<s;=r − (𝟑)𝐨𝐫 (𝟒)

(1) wdï,sl udOHfha § CrO2−

4 → Cr2 O2−
7 njg mßj¾;kh jk neúka ly meyeh ;eô,s j¾Khg
yef¾' ∴ ()
(2) Sc isg Ni olajd úoHq;a RK;djh jeä fõ' ∴ ()
(3) [Cr(H2 O)6 ]3+ i`oyd kï fuh ksjerÈ fõ' +2 whkh i`oyd ksjerÈ fkdfõ' ∴ ()
(4) WNh.=Kl
s ∴ ()
(5) Cr2 O2−
7 + H2 S S ↓ + Cr 3+
(fld<)

S wj,ïNkh jk neúka ødjKh meyeÈ,s fkdfõ' ∴ ()

❖ fï wkqj tla ms<s;=rlaj;a ksjerÈ fkdjk w;r Cr 2+ j,g NIau fh§fï § th tys yhsfv%dlaihsvh njg
mßj¾;kh ù wk;=rej H2 O2 yuqfõ Cr(OH)3 olajd TlaislrKh ù wk;=rej kej; th ;jÿrg;a H2 O2
yuqfõ TlaislrKh ùfuka CrO2−
4 iEfoa hehs ;¾l lr ms<s;=r f,i 3 ie,lsh yel' ;j o 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂3
WNh.=Kl
s jk neúka th i;=j wdï,sl fuka u NdIañl .=K mj;shs hk woyiska 4 o ksjeros ms<s;=rla
f,I i,ld we;.

30. ms<s;=r − (𝟐)

1) LiAlH4
(1) CH3 COOH CH3 CH2 OH ∴ (✓)
2) H2 O
(2) CH3 COOH + NaOH CH3 COO− Na+ + H2 O ∴ ()
PCl5
(3) CH3 COOH CH3 COCl ∴ (✓)
CH3− MgBr +
(4) CH3 COOH CH4 ↑ + CH3 COO− MgBr + ∴ (✓)
H + /Cr2 O2−
(5) CH3 CHO 7
CH3 COOH + Cr 3+ ∴ (✓)

31. ms<s;=r (𝟒)

CH3
3 − bromo − 3 − methylhexane CH3 CH2 CH2 − C − CH2 CH3
Br

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
32. ms<s;=r (𝟒)

(a) (✓)
(b) ffcj ãi,a ksmojkafka jdIamYS,S fkdjk Ydl f;,a j,ska fõ' (R. B. ) ∴ ()
(c) ffcj ãi,a ksmoùfï wuqøjH jkafka Ydl f;,a yd fu;fkda,a fõ' ∴ ()
(d) (R. B. ) (✓)

33. ms<s;=r (𝟐)

(a) bf,lafg%davfha mDIAG j¾.M,h" iajNdjh jeks ldrKd u; bf,lafg%dav úNjh ;SrKh fkdfõ' ∴ ()
(b) M 2+ + 2e ⇌ M hk bf,lafg%dav iu;=,;
s ;djhg idkaøKfhka n,mEula isÿ jk neúka
bf,lafg%dav úNjh fjkia fõ' ∴ (✓)
(c) M 2+ + 2e ⇌ M hk bf,lafg%dav iu;=,;
s ;djhg WIaK;ajfhka n,mEula isÿ jk neúka
bf,lafg%dav úNjh fjkia fõ' ∴ (✓)
(d) ødjKfha mßudj fjkia jqj o idkaøKh fjkia fkdjk neúka (fuys mßudj fjkia ùu f,i woyia
jkafka msg;ska c,h jeks fohla oud mßudj fjkia lsÍula fkdj" tlu M 2+ ødjKfha fjkia mßud
ms<sn`oj hs') bf,lafg%dav úNjh fjkia fkdfõ' ∴ ()

34. ms<s;=r (𝟑)

• Na 2 CO3 iu`. CO2 ,nd §ug kï −COOH ldKavhla mej;sh hq;=h'

35. ms<s;=r (𝟓)

(a) whk ;=,H;djh mj;ajd.; hq;= neúka wekdhk f.khk Odrd Nd.h legdhk f.khk Odrd
Nd.hg iudk fõ' ∴ ()
(b) wekdhkh fyda legdhkh l=ulao hkak u; fuh fjkia fõ' ∴ ()
(c) c,fha oS hï úoHq;a úÉfPaoHlska 90%la muKu ú>gkh jqj o th o ÿn, úoHq;a úÉfPaoHhla f,i
i,lk neúka fuu m%ldYh wi;H f,i i,ld we; ∴ ()
(d) Tiaj,aâ ;kqllrK uQ,O¾uh ∴ (✓)

36. ms<s;=r (𝟒)

(a) ish,a, ye,ckSlD; yhsfv%dldnk fõ' ∴ (✓)

(b) fuh isÿ jkafka wmßj¾;S f.da,fha § fõ' ∴ ()
(c) yhsfv%d*a¨frdaldnka (HFC) i;=j Cl ke;' ∴ ()
(d) (✓)

37. ms<s;=r (𝟏)

C
(a) Èhuka;s j, ±,sia ieleiau (✓)
C
C
C
C

(b) (✓)

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
 (c) úhq.au bf,lafg%dak fkdue;s neúka ;dm/úoHq;a ikakdhl fkdfõ' ∴ ()
(d) fuh u;fNaod;aul j.ka;shls'
ñksrka fyda Èhuka;s hk foflka tllgj;a idudkH mSvkfha § øjdxlhla ke;' Èhuka;s øj ùu
wdrïN jkafka 100,000 atm g wdikak mSvkhl § jk w;r ñksrka Bg ;rula wvq mSvkhl § øj ùu
wdrïN lrhs' fuu mSvk w.hka § Bg ,nd Èh hq;= WIaK;ajhka wdikakj tlu w.hla .kshs' kuq;a
iudk mSvkhl § (100,000 atm jeks) øjdxl ie,lSfï § ñksrka iq¨ jYfhka by< øjdxlhla fmkakqï
lrhss' m%ldYfha ie,lsh hq;= hk jpk we;s neúka fuu jdlH wi;H f,i i,lkq we;. ∴ ()

38. ms<s;=r (𝟓)

(a) ;d;aúl" mßmQ¾K ´kEu jdhq ksheÈhl wKql fõ. tlsfklg fjkia fõ' ∴ ()
(b) mßmQ¾K jdhq i;=j wdl¾IK/úl¾IK fkdue;s neúka lsisfia;a u øj l< fkdyel' ∴ ()
(c) wkka;h olajd wKql fõ.hka úisÍ we;ehs i,lk neúka fnda,aÜiaudka fõ. jHdma;s jl% iuñ;sl
fkdfõ' ∴ ()
wdikakj iuñ;sl ;;a;ajhla we;s neúka we;eï úg wi;H g wu;rj i;H hkakg;a ,l=Kq ,nd
§ug bv we;'
(d) (✓)

39. ms<s;=r (𝟓)

(a) wKq jvd <`.ska weisÍ we;af;a øj l,dmfha fõ' tuksid talSh mßudjl we;s wKq .Kk øj l,dmfha
by< fõ' ∴ ()
(b) ;dmdxlfha § mj;shs' ∴ ()
(c) jl%fha AO fldgfia § mj;shs' ∴ ()
(d) ;%sl ,laIHfha § øj ⇌ jdhq" >k ⇌ øj" >k ⇌ jdhq hk iu;=,;
s ;=ku mj;shs' ∴ tu úm¾hdi
ish,af,a u bÈß yd miq m%;sl%shd j, YS>%;d ish,a, tlsfklg iudk fõ' ∴ (✓)

mSvkh / atm
B

C
(s) (l)

(g)
O
A
WIAK;ajh / K

40. ms<s;=r (𝟐)

(a) ìg¾ka ødjKh jvd fhda.H jk w;r Bg wu;rj n%hska fyda uqyqÿ c,h o fï i`oyd Ndú;d l<
yel' (14 tallh iïm;a fmd; − msgq wxl 6) kuq;a uqyqÿ c,h "fl,ska u" Ndú;d l< fkdyels
neúka (m<uqj jeämqr we;s 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 bj;a l< hq;= h) fuu m%ldYh wi;H f,i i,ld we;. ∴ ()
(b) riÈsh fldaI j,ska mßirhg riÈh ksoyia úh yel' ∴ (✓)
(c) NH3 c,fha Èhùu ;dmodhl fõ' WIaK;ajh wvq lsÍfuka tu m%;sl%shdj bÈßhg keUqre l< yel' ∴ (✓)
(d) Rh W;afm%arlhla f,i Ndú;d jkafka HNO3 ksIamdokh fõ' ∴ ()

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
41. ms<s;=r (𝟏)

H+
I. MnO4− + H2 O2 O2 + Mn2+ (H2 O2 T′ydrhla f,i yeisÍ we;)
oï wj¾K

H+
Fe2+ + H2 O2 H2 O + Fe3+ (H2 O2 T′ldrhla f,i yeisÍ we;)
<d fld< ly ÿUqre

II. (✓)

42. ms<s;=r (𝟏)

I. fuh tal,s; moaO;shls' tal,s; moaO;shla ;=<g Yla;sh .,d tau fyda bka msg;g Yla;sh .,d hdu
isÿ fkdjk neúka Yla;sh fjkia fkdfõ' ∴ (✓)
II. (✓)

43. ms<s;=r (𝟑)

I. Cl2 + H2 O HCl + HOCl ∴ (✓)

TlaisyrKh
0 −1
TlaislrKh +1

II. Wmßu T′ldrl yelshdjla we;af;a HClO j,g fõ' (𝑅. 𝐵) ∴ ()

44. ms<s;=r (𝟓)

I. W;afm%arl iu;=,s;;d ,laIHhg n,mEula isÿ fkdlrhs' ∴ ()

II. W;afm%arl bÈß yd miq m%;sl%shd foflysu YS>%;d iudkj jeä lrhs' ∴ ()

45. ms<s;=r (𝟏)

CH3− MgBr +
I. R − C ≡ CH CH4 + R − C ≡ C − MgBr + ∴ (✓)
II. .S%kdâ hkq b;d m%n, NIauhla jk w;r iq¿ fyda wdï,sl;djhla iys; m%fNao j,ska H + bj;a
lr.ekSug Bg yelshdj we;' ∴ (✓)

46. ms<s;=r (𝟒) O

I. f*daue,aäyhsâ (H − C − H) yer wfkla we,aäyhsv i`oyd i;H fõ' ∴ ()

II. (✓)

47. ms<s;=r (𝟏)

I. fid,afõ l%ufha Na 2 CO3 ,nd.ekSfuka wk;=rej b;sß jk NH4 Cl yd CaO tlsfkl m%;sl%shd lrjd
CaCl2 ,nd .kshs' wjika w;=re M,h th fõ' ∴ (✓)
II. CaO + 2 NH4 Cl 2 NH3 + CaCl2 + H2 O ∴ (✓)

kej; wefudakSlrK wg¨jg

(mqk¾ckkh)

wdidfjka bf.k.kak
48. ms<s;=r (𝟏)

I. (✓) N2+

II. fuys§ bf,lafg%d*hs,hla f,i yeisfrñka bf,lafg%d*s,l

s wdfoaY m%;sl%shdjla isÿ lrhs'
∴ (✓)

49. ms<s;=r (𝟏)

I. NH3 + HCl NH4 Cl

NH4 Cl hkq m%n, wï, − ÿn, NIau ,jKhls' tjekakl c,Sh ødjKhla wdï,sl fõ' ∴ (✓)

II. NH4+ + H2 O NH3 + H3 O+

I ys i`oyka wdldrhg ødjKhg wdï,sl;djhla ,efnkafka by; iu;=,;
s ;djh ksidfjks' ∴ (✓)

50. ms<s;=r (𝟑)

ℎ𝜈
I. O2 O+O

O2 + O O3 ∴ (✓)

II. NO2 , O3 jeks m%fNao ú>gkfhka o ,efí' ∴ ()

ℎ𝜈
NO2 NO + O
ℎ𝜈
O3 O2 + O

wdidfjka bf.k.kak