EPP-4 Physics

(Heat and Thermodynamics)

PAR
Name: ______________________________________ Batch: Date:

SECTION-I

1. If the temperature of the sun is increased from T to 2T and its radius from R to 2R, then the ratio of
the radiant energy received on earth to what it was previously will be
(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 32 (d) 64
2. A body cools from 60°C to 50°C in 10 minutes. If the room temperature is 25°C and assuming
Newton’s law of cooling to hold good, the temperature of the body at the end of the next 10
minutes will be
(a) 38.5°C (b) 40°C (c) 42.85°C (d) 45°C
3. Two rods of equal length and area of cross-section are kept parallel and lagged between
temperature 20°C and 80°C. The ratio of the effective thermal conductivity to that of the first rod is
[the ratio (K1/K2) = 3 : 4]
(a) 7 : 4 (b) 7 : 6 (c) 4 : 7 (d) 7 : 8
4. A block body is at a temperature 2880 K. The energy radiation emitted by this object with
wavelength between 499 nm and 500 nm is U1, between 999 mm and 1000 nm is U2 and between
1499 nm and 1500 nm is U3 then (Wien’s constant b = 2.88  106 nm-K)
(a) U1  U 2 (b) U 2  U1 (c) U1 = 0 (d) U 3 = 0
5. On the surface of lake when the atmospheric temperature is –15ºC, 1.5cm thick layer of ice is formed
in 20 minutes, time taken to change its thickness from 1.5 cm to 3 cm will be
(a) 20 minutes
(b) less than 20 minutes
(c) greater than 40 minutes
(d) less than 40 minutes and greater than 20 minutes

6. A hole of radius r1 is made centrally in a uniform circular disc of thickness d and radius r2. The inner
surface (a cylinder of length d and radius r1) is maintained at a temperature 1 and the outer surface
(a cylinder of length d and radius r2) is maintained at a temperature 2(1 > 2). The thermal
conductivity of the material of the disc is K. Calculate the heat flowing per unit time through the
disc.
7. A hollow tube has a length l, inner radius R1s and outer radius R2. The material has a thermal
conductivity K. Find the heat flowing through the walls of the tube if (a) the flat ends are maintained
at temperatures T1 and T2(T2 > T1) (b) the inside of the tube is maintained at temperature T1 and the
outside is maintained at T2.

8. A composite slab is prepared by pasting two plates of thicknesses L1 and L2 and thermal
conductivities K1 and K2. The slabs have equal cross-sectional area. Find the equivalent conductivity
of the slab.

9. Figure shows a copper rod joined to a steel rod. The rods have equal length and equal cross-sectional
area. The free end of the copper rod is kept at 0°C and that of the steel rod is kept at 100°C. Find the
temperature at the junction of the rods. Conductivity of copper = 390 W/m-°C and that of steel = 46
W/m-°C.

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 EPP-4 Physics
(Heat and Thermodynamics)
PAR
2
10. An aluminium rod and a copper rod of equal length 1.0 m and cross-sectional area 1 cm are welded
together as shown in figure. One end is kept at a temperature of 20°C and the other at 60°C.
Calculate the amount of heat taken out per second from the hot end. Thermal conductivity of
aluminium = 200 W/m − °C and of copper = 390 W/m - °C.

11. Figure shows an aluminium rod joined to a copper rod. Each of the rods has a length of 20cm
and area of cross-section 0.20 cm2. The junction is maintained at a constant temperature 40°C
and the two ends are maintained at 80°C. Calculate the amount of heat taken out from the
cold junction in one minute after the steady state is reached. The conductivities are KAl = 200
W/m − °C and KCu = 400 W/m -°C.

12. Consider the situation shown in figure. The frame is made of the same material and has a
uniform cross-sectional area everywhere. Calculate the amount of heat flowing per second
through a cross-section of the bent part if the total heat taken out per second from the end at
100°C is 130 J.

13. A liquid cools from 700C to 600C in 5 minute. Calculate the time taken by the liquid to cool from
600C to 500C, if the temperature of the surrounding is constant at 300C.

14. A slab of stone of area 3600 cm2 and thickness 10 cm is exposed on the lower surface to steam at
100°C. A block of ice at 0°C rests on the upper surface of the slab. In one hour, 4.8 kg of ice is
melted. Calculate the thermal conductivity of stone.

15. Inner surface of a cylindrical shell of length l and of material of T1 T2

thermal conductivity k is kept at constant temperature T1 and outer
surface of the cylinder is kept at constant temperature T2 such that
(T1  T2 ) as shown in figure. Heat flows from inner surface to outer
surface radially outward. Inner and outer radii of the shell are R and
R l
2R respectively. Due to lack of space this cylinder has to be replaced 2R
l R
by a smaller cylinder of length , inner and outer radii and R
2 4
respectively and thermal conductivity of material nk. If rate of
radial outward heat flow remains same for same temperatures of
inner and outer surface i.e. T1 and T2, then find the value of n.

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 EPP-4 Physics
(Heat and Thermodynamics)
PAR
16. The earth is getting energy from the sun whose surface temperature is Ts and radius is R. Let the
radius of the earth the r and the distance from the sun be d. Assume the earth and the sun both to
behave as perfect black bodies and the earth is in thermal equilibrium at a constant temperature T e.
Therefore, the temperature Ts of the sun is xTe where x is
2d 2R 4d d
(A) (B) (C) (D)
R r r r
17. The plots of intensity vs. wavelength for three black bodies at temperatures T1, T2 and T3
respectively are as shown. Their temperatures are such that-
 T3
T2
T1

(A) T1 > T2 > T3 (B) T1 > T3 > T2 (C) T2 > T3 > T1 (D) T3 >
T2 > T1

18. The temperature of bodies X and Y vary with time as shown in the figure. If emissivity of bodies X
and Y are eX & eY and absorptive powers are AX and AY, (assume other conditions are identical
for both) : then:

(A) eY > eX , AY > AX (B) eY < eX , AY < AX (C) eY > eX , AY < AX (D) eY
< eX , AY > AX
Comprehension
A metal ball of mass 2 kg is heated by means of a 40 W heater in a room at 25°C. The temperature
of the ball becomes steady at 60°C.

19. Find the rate of loss of heat to the surrounding when the ball is at 60°C.
(A) 40 W (B) 16W (C) 96W (D) 100 W

20. Assuming Newton’s law of cooling, calculate the rate of loss of heat to the surrounding when the
ball is at 39°C.
(A) 40 W (B) 16W (C) 96W (D) 100 W

SECTION-II

21. A hot body is being cooled in air according to Newton’s law of co oling, the rate of fall of
temperature being k times the difference of its temperature with respect to that of surroundings.
The time, after which the body will lose half the maximum heat it can lose, is
1 ln 2 ln 3 2
(a) (b) (c) (c)
k k k k
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 EPP-4 Physics
(Heat and Thermodynamics)
PAR
22. Two bodies each having a heat capacity of
C = 500 J/K are joined together by a rod of length
C C
L = 40.0cm, thermal conductivity 20 W/mK and cross-
sectional area of S = 3.00 cm2. The bodies are joined 1 l 2
with the help of a thermally insulated rod. The time after
which temperature difference diminishes
 = 2 times is (Disregard the heat capacity of the rod)
(a) 193 minutes (b) 240 minutes (c) 77 minutes (d) 144 minutes
1
23. A cubical vessel of edge 1 m and total thermal resistance (of its walls) (where, R is universal
R
gas constant) has a small hole in one of its walls. It is kept in a very big closed chamber whose
temperature T0 remains constant. In the chamber and vessel, a mono-atomic gas is filled at a same
constant pressure P0. At time t = 0, temperature of the gas in the vessel is T1 (< 2T0/3). When
temperature of the gas in the vessel becomes 0.8 T0, rate of change of moles in it will be
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) − (d) −
10 6 10 6
24. A copper sphere is suspended in a evacuated chamber maintained at 300 K. The sphere is
maintained at constant temperature of 900 K by heating electrically. A total of 300 W electric
power is needed to do this. When half of the surface of the copper sphere is completely blackened,
600 W is needed to maintain the same temperature of sphere. The emissivity of copper is
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/2 (d) 1

25. An amount n (in moles) of a monatomic gas at an initial temperature T0 is enclosed in a cylindrical
vessel fitted with a light piston. The surrounding air has a temperature Ts (> T0) and the
atmospheric pressure is pa. Heat may be conducted between the surrounding and the gas through
the bottom of the cylinder. The bottom has a surface area A, thickness x and thermal conductivity
K. Assuming all changes to be slow, find the distance moved by the piston in time t.

26. A cylindrical rod of length l, thermal conductivity K and Ts

insulation
area of cross section A has one end in the furnace at
temperature T1 and the other end in surrounding at T2
T1
temperature T2. surface of the rod exposed to the insulation
surrounding has emissivity e. Also T2 = Ts + T and
Ts  T . If T1 − Ts  T , find the proportionality Furnace
constant.

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 EPP-4 Physics
(Heat and Thermodynamics)
PAR
ANSWERS

1. D 2. C
3. B 4. B
5. C 6. 2Kd(1 - 2)/In(r2/r1)

7. (a) K(R22 – R12)(T2 – T1)/l, 8. K1K2(L1 + L2)/L1K2 + L2K1

(b) 2Kl(T2 – T1)/In(R2/R1)

9. 10.6oC 10. 2.36 J

11. 144 J 12. 60 J
13. 35  10 14. 1.24 W/m°C
t= = 7 min
2  25
15. 4 16. A
17. B 18. A
19. A 20. B
21. B 22. A
23. C 24. B
25. nR 26.  4σσl 3 
(Ts – T0) (1 – e-2KAt/5Rnx) 1 + Ts 
P0 A  K 

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