चतर्थु ोऽध्यायः

अव्ययः
(INDECLINABLE WORD)

What is अव्यय

There are two types words such as विकारी (changeable) and अविकारी (un-
changeable). Which is getting modify by case endings, suffix, gender,
number etc. is called विकारीशब्द. Where there is no modification that is
अविकारीशब्द is nothing but अव्यय.

Definition of अव्यय

सदृशं विष ु विङ्गेष ु सिाास ु च विभविष ु ।

् 1
िचनेष ु च सिेष ु यन्न व्येवत तदव्ययम ।।
That is अव्यय which undertakes no modification, which is equal in three
genders, equal in all the case endings and equal in number.

Division of अव्यय

ु
There are two types of अव्यय such as रूढ़ or अव्यत्पन्न and second one is यौविक or
ु
व्यत्पन्न. ्
That अव्यय which are derived from कृ त and ु
वतङ् are called व्यत्पन्न. These
are listed here.
्
1. स्वरावदवनपातमव्ययम (Swar etc. and the particles are called अव्यय)
2. कृ न्मेजन्तः (the कृ त्प्रत्यय ending with म, ् ए, ओ, ऐ and औ are called अव्यय)

1
िोपर्थब्राह्मण
 ् नः
3. क्त्वा-तोसनु -कस ् नु are
ु (that which ends with क्त्वा-तोसनु -कस ् called अव्यय)
4. अव्ययीभािश्च (All अव्ययीभािसमास are अव्यय)

Meaning and Application of अव्यय

Sl.No. अव्यय Meaning of the अव्यय Construct the sentence by using

अव्ययs

1 च And रामः च कृ ष्णः च स्तः । Rama and

Krishna are there

2 अवप Also अहमवप पाठं पठावम । I am also

studying

3 खलु Certainly, indeed ् दुवन मृिशरीरे ।

न खलु न खलु िाणः अविन मृ
not indeed, not indeed the arrow
to this tender body of deer.
सिं वियं खलु । indeed everything is
lovable.

4 वह Because, indeed, वकं कुवपतो ह्यवस indeed why you are

surely angry

5 तु But ु
सजनस्त ु कनकघटिद ् भिवत ।Good

people are like a golden pot.

6 वकि Indeed इदं वकिाव्याजमनोहरं । indeed this is

artlessly lovely. एिं वकि के वचद्वदवन्त ।
indeed some are telling like this.
7 नन ु Surely, certainly, नन ु को भिान, ् उच्यताम indeed
् who are
indeed you? Answer!

8 िा Or ्
भिान पठवत ु
िा पस्तकं पश्यवत । You are
studying or seeing book.

9 च and रामः च कृ ष्णः च स्तः । Rama and

Krishna are there.

10 एि Only, used to अहं पठावम एि । I am studying only

strengthen and
emphasize the idea
expressed by a word

11 ु
पनः Again भिान प् नः
ु िीतां पठवत । you again

studying Geeta.

12 विना Without जिं विना जीिनं नावस्त । There is no life

without water.

13 उच् चः Loudly वसंहः उच् चः िजावत । Lion is roaring

loudly.

14 ऋते Without त्ां ऋते अहं न वतष्ठावम । I can’t stay

without you.

15 एिम ् Like this, thus, in this ् पठत ु । should study

संस्कृतम एिं
way, in such a Sanskrit in such a manner.
manner

16 सह With ्
रामेण सह सीता िनम अिच्छत ।् Sita went
forest with Rama.
17 सार्ाम ् with ्
रामेण सार्ं सीता िनम अिच्छत ।् Sita
went forest with Rama.

18 ु पत ्
यि Together,
simultaneously, at
once

19 यर्था- तर्था As – so आचायाः यर्था िदवत छािः तर्था करोवत । As

teacher is guiding, student is
doing like that (so).

20 याित -् ्
As much (as many as) याित पवठतं ्
ताित विवखतम ्

ताित ् – till that, that much, How mush studied that much
so many wrote.

21 इवत in this manner, thus िाल्मीकः कोवकिः राम रामेवत कू जवत

(it refers to something Thus, Cuckoo Valmiki is warbling
that has been said or (murmuring) Oh Rama! Oh Rama!
thought, or lays stress
on what precedes

22 यदा – When - then यदा सूयोदयः भिवत तदा कमिं विकसवत ।

तदा when sun rises then the lotus
blooms.

23 यवद – If - then यवद सः पवठष्यवत तवहि फिं िाप्स्यवत । if he

तवहि will study then he will obtain the
result.
24 साकम ् With ्
रामेण साकं सीता िनम अिच्छत ।् Sita
went forest with Rama.

25 न Not बािकः पाठं न पठवत Boy is not

studying the lesson.

26 कुि Where, in which रामः कुि िसवत where Rama resides.

place

27 कवत How much, how ्

अर्नु ा कवत िादनम अवस्त । Now what is
much the time.

28 कुतः Whence, where ् ु तः आयातः . from where you

भिान क
are coming.

29 वकमर्थाम ् from what motive? बािकः वकमर्थं विद्याियं न आिच्छवत what

what for? Why for by is not coming to school.

30 वकयत ् how far, how much, ्

सः वकयत कािं वतष्ठवत । What extent he
how many, of what is here.
extent

31 इह Here, in this world इह चत्ावर दानावन सवन्त । there are four

types of gifts in this world.

32 अि Here, In this place, सः अि वतष्ठवत । He is residing here.

here

33 ति There मवु नः ति वनिसवत । Sage is residing

there.

34 सिाि Everywhere िकाशः सिाि भिवत । Light is

everywhere.
35 अन्यि Elsewhere, in another सः अन्यि िच्छवत । He is going
place elsewhere.

36 कुि Where रामः कुि िसवत । Where Rama

resides?

37 एकि in one place, in the एकि सिे बािकाः उपविशवन्त । All boys
same place are sitting in one place.

38 सदा Always सः सदा सत्यं िदवत । he is always

speaking truth.

39 अन्यर्था Otherwise अन्यर्था त्वं आनय। Otherwise you

should bring.

40 एकदा Once, once upon a एकदा ति िने एकः वसंहः अिसत ।् Once
time upon a time a lion was residing in
that forest.