= =1 ⇒ ! =Tan (1) ⇒ !
= 45°
I yr PHYSICS 2 MARKS
1. What is physics?
Ans: Physics is a branch of science which deals
with the study of nature and natural phenomena.
2. What is the discovery of C.V. Raman?
Ans: Raman Effect (Or) Inelastic scattering of light
by molecules
3. What are the fundamental forces in nature?
Ans: 1. Gravitational force, 2.Electromagnetic force
3. Strong nuclear force, 4. Weak nuclear force.
4. What is the contribution of S. Chandra Sekhar
to physics?
Ans: Chandra Sekhar limit (or) structure and
evolution of stars (or) study of black holes.
5, Write the fundamental forces in descending
order?
Ans: Strong nuclear force > Electromagnetic force
> weak Nuclear force > Gravitational force
6. Distinguish between accuracy and precision.
Accuracy: It measures closeness of the measured
value to the true value.
Precision: This is the limit up to which a quantity
can be measured with the given instrument.
7. How can systematic errors be minimized or
eliminated?
Ans: 1. By improving experimental techniques,
2. By selecting better Instruments.
8. What are significant figures and what do they
represent when reporting the result of a
measurement?
Ans: the repot a result have all the reliably
measured values plus one uncertain digit. These
are known as Significant figures.
9. Distinguish between fundamental units and
derived units.
Fundamental units: The Units of fundamental
quantities are called fundamental units.
Derived units: The units of derived quantities are
called derived units.
10. Why do we have different units for the same
physical quantity?
Ans: Different systems of measurements used.
Ex : C.G.S., F.P.S.& M.K.S.
11. Exprss unified atomic mass unit in kg.
Ans: 1a.m.u. = 1.67×10 kg
7. The percentage error in the mass and speed are
2%and 3% respectively. What is the maximum
error in kinetic energy?
Ans: K.E. = mv ⇒ ×100 = 2+2×3 = 8%
2 Δ
4
12. Find the relative error in Z, Z = A /C .
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
= 4( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( )
Ans:
13. The states of motion and rest are relative.
Explain?
Ans: Rest: If the position of a body does not
change with respect to surroundings, it is said to
be at "rest".
Motion: If the position of a body changes with
respect to surroundings, it is said to be in
"motion". By definitions rest and motion are
relative with respect to surroundings.
14. How is average velocity different from
instantaneous velocity?
Ans: Average velocity: It is the ratio of total
displacement to total time taken. It is independent
of path of the body.
Instantaneous velocity: Velocity of a particle at a
particular instant of time is known as
instantaneous velocity.
Only in uniform motion, instantaneous velocity
and average velocity are equal.
15. Give an example where the velocity of an
object is zero but its acceleration is not zero?
Ans: In case of vertically upward body at maximum
height its velocity v = 0. But acceleration due to
gravity 'g' is not zero.
16. A vehicle travels half the distance L with
speed v1 and the other half with speed v2. What is
the average speed?
Ans: The average speed of a vehicle for the two
equal parts. Average speed = = Ans: The inability of a body to change its state by
17. Define average velocity and average speed.
When does the magnitude of average velocity
become equal to the average speed?
Ans: Average velocity:- It is the ratio of total
distance to total time taken.
Average speed: - the ratio of total path length
travelled to the total time taken is known as
average speed.
When the body is along with the straight line its
average velocity and average speed are equal.
18. The vertical component of a vector is equal to
its horizontal component. What is the angle made
by the vector with x-axis?
Ans: A sinθ = A cosθ ⇒ =1
⇒ Tan! = 1 ⇒ ! = Tan (1) ⇒ ! = 45°
-1
19. Two forces of magnitudes 3 units and 5 units
act at 60° with each other. What is the magnitude
of their resultant?
Ans: R = "# + % + 2#%'()!
R = √3 + 5 + 2 × 3 × 5'()60°
R = 09 + 25 + 30 × = √49 = 7 units
45 = 6̂ + 8̂ .What is the angle between the
20. 3
vector and X-axis?
Ans: 3 45 = 6̂ + 8̂ = Ax6̂ + Ay8̂,
: -1
Tan! =
; the motion than later. Explain?
21. When two right angled vectors of magnitude 7
units and 24 units combine, what is the
magnitude of their resultant?
Ans: R = "# + % + 2#%'()!
R = √7 + 24 + 2 × 7 × 24'()90° = √7 + 24
R = √625 = 25 Units
22. If P = 2i + 4j + 14k and Q =4i + 4j + 10k find the
magnitude of P+Q?
Ans: P + Q=2i + 4j+14k +4i + 4j+ 10k = 6i + 8j +24k
|P +?%| = √6 + 8 + 24 = √36 + 64 + 576
= √676 = 26 Units
23. What is the acceleration of a projectile at the
top of its trajectory?
2
Ans: The top of its trajectory is “g” (or) 9.8 m/s
24. Rain is falling vertically with a speed of 35
m/s. a woman rides a bicycle with a speed of 12
m/s in east to west direction. What is the
direction in which she should hold her umbrella?
Ans: tan ! = D =
F Ans: K.E. = mv ⇒ K.E. =
E
⇒! = Tan ( ) = Tan (0.343) = 19° (Nearly)
-1 -1
F ⇒ K.E. =
25. What is inertia? What gives the measure of
inertia?
itself is known as inertia. Mass of a body is a
measure for its Inertia.
26. When a bullet is fired from a gun, the gun
gives a kick in the backward direction. Explain.
Ans: Gun and bullet will move in opposite
directions to satisfy law of conservation of linear
momentum.
27. Why does a heavy rifle not recoil as strongly
as a light rifle using the same cartridges?
Ans: From law of conservation of linear
momentum ⇒ mv = Constant ⇒ v α
G raw egg. As boiled egg rotate faster than raw egg.
If m is more v will be less. Hence heavy rifle recoil
less as compare to light rifle.
28. If a bomb at rest explodes into two pieces, the
pieces must travel in opposite directions. Explain.
Ans: From law of conservation of liner momentum
m1v1 + m2v2 = 0 ⇒ m1v1 = − m2v2
Negative sign indicates two pieces move in
opposite direction after explosion.
29. Can the coefficient of friction be greater than
one?
Ans: Yes, coefficient of friction is greater than one.
30. Why does the car with a flattened tyre stop
sooner than the one with inflated tyres?
Ans: Rolling frictional force is proportional to area
of contact. Area of contact increases for flattened
tyres. So rolling frictional force increases and the
car will be stopped quickly.
31. A horse has to pull harder during the start of
Ans: kinetic friction is always less than static
friction. So it is tough to start a body from rest
than to keep it in motion.
32. What happens to the coefficient of friction if
the weight of the body is doubled?
Ans: Coefficient of friction not defends on weight.
So coefficient of friction does not change.
33. Calculate the time needed for a net force of
5N to change the velocity of a 10kg mass by 2m/s.
Ans: F =
GI
⇒ 5 = 10× ⇒ T =
K
=4 sec.
IJ J F
34. A batsman hits back a ball straight in the
direction of the bowler without changing its initial
speed of 12m/s. If the mass of the ball is 0.15kg,
determine the impulse imparted to the ball.
Ans: Impulse = Change in momentum
J = mv – mu = 0.15× 12 − (0.15× −12) = 3.6 Ns.
35. State the relation between the kinetic energy
and momentum of a body.
(G )
2
G
N
(∵ mv = p)
O
36. Is it necessary that a mass should be present
at the centre of mass of any system?
Ans: No, It is not necessary Ex: ring (or) bangle
37. Why are spokes provided in a bicycle wheel?
Ans: increase its moment of inertia.
38. Why do we prefer a spanner of longer arm as
compared to the spanner of shorter arm?
Ans: From torque Q5 = R5 × S5. If r is increase torque
is also increase.
39. By spinning eggs on a table top, how will you
distinguish an hardboiled egg from a raw egg?
Ans: From Q = IT (or) U V = U V
Hardboiled egg has less moment of inertia than
40. Why should a helicopter necessarily have two
propellers?
Ans: If the helicopter had only one propeller, then
due to conservation of angular momentum, the
helicopter itself would turn in the opposite
direction. Hence, the helicopter should necessarily
have two propellers.
41. Will a pendulum clock gain or lose time when
taken to the top of a mountain?
Ans: on mountains the acceleration due to gravity
is less. The pendulum clock losses time on the top
of a mountain.
42. Can a simple pendulum be used in artificial
satellite?
Ans: No, because inside the satellite, there is no
gravity.
43. What is the length of a simple pendulum
which ticks seconds?(or) What is the length of a
seconds pendulum on the earth.
X X
Ans: T = 2W0 ⇒ 2 = 2W0
Y Z.[
X ]×Z.[ ]×Z.[
⇒ 4 = 4W ⇒ \= ⇒\ = = 1m
Z.[ ]^ ]×Z.[
44. Hydrogen is in abundance around the sun but
not around Earth. Explain?
Ans: The escape velocity on the sun is very high
compared to that on the earth. So it is very difficult
for hydrogen to escape from the sun's
atmosphere. Hence hydrogen is abundant on sun.
45. What are polar satellites?
Ans: polar satellites will revolve around the poles
of the earth in a north-south direction.
46. State Hooke's law of elasticity.
Ans: Hooke's law: within elastic limit stress is
proportional to strain. Stress T strain
47. State the units and dimensions of stress. (Or)
modulus of elasticity (Or) young's modulus (Or)
modulus of rigidity (Or) Bulk modulus units and
dimensions.
Ans: S.I units: _⁄` (or) Pascal,
Dimensional formula: bc d e f
48. State the examples of nearly perfect elastic
send plastic bodies.
Ans: Quartz fiber is near to perfectly elastic body.
Wet clay, butter etc can be taken as examples for
near to perfectly plastic bodies.
49. Define average pressure. Mention its units
and dimensional formula. Is it a scalar or a
vector?
Ans: the normal force acting for a unit area is
called average pressure. S.I units: N/m ,
2 Ans: the water layer which is in contact with the
Dimensional formula: bc d e f walls of the pipe moves slowest and the centre
Average pressure is a scalar quantity.
50. Define viscosity. What are its CGS & SI units
and dimensions?
Ans: The property of a fluid which opposes the
relative motion between the layer is called
viscosity. Viscosity CGS units: poise
SI units: Poiseuille (or) Pascal – sec,
Dimensional formula: bc d e f
51. what is the principle behind the carburetor of
automobile?
Ans: Bernoulli theorem.
52. What is Magnus effect?
Ans: The dynamic lift due to spinning of a body is
called Magnus effect.
53. Why are drops and bubbles spherical?
Ans: Due to surface tension, to acquire minimum
surface area.
54. Give the expression for the excess pressure in
a liquid drop?
Ans: # =
g
h I
T= surface tension, r = radius of the liquid drop
55. Give the expression for the excess pressure in
an air bubble inside the liquid?
Ans: Excess of pressure in an air bubble inside the
g
liquid is # = + ℎjk
h Ans: yes, EX: rubber, cast iron.
T= surface tension, r = radius of the liquid drop
56. Give the expression for the excess pressure in
a soap bubble in air?
]g
Ans: Excess of pressure in a soap bubble is # =
h
T= surface tension, r = radius of the liquid drop
57. What water proofing agents and water
wetting agents? What do they do?
Ans: Water proofing agents: The substances which
are used to increase the angle of contact are called
water proofing agents. It is used to preparation of
rain coats. Ex: Grees, waxy substances.
Wetting agents: The substances which are used to
decrease the angle of contact are called wetting
agents. It is used to wash clothes. Ex: shop, surf
58. What is angle of contact?
Ans: The angle between the tangent to the liquid
surface at the point of contact and solid surface
inside the liquid is called angle of contact.
59. Mention any two examples (applications) that
obey Bernoulli's theorem.
Ans: 1. During cyclones, the roof of thatched
houses will fly away
2. Dynamic lift on the wings of an aero plane
60. When water flows through a pipe. Which of
the layers moves fastest and slowest?
layer move faster.
61. Why water droplets wet the glass surface and
do not wet Lotus leaf?
Ans: Angle of contact between water drop and
glass is less than 90K . So water drop will wet glass
surface.
Angle of contact between water and Lotus leaf is
greater than 90K. So water drops cannot wet Lotus
leaf.
62. What is meant by hydrostatic paradox?
Ans: The pressure of liquid is same at all points at
the same horizontal level (same depth). It is called
a hydrostatic paradox.
63. Find the excess pressure inside a soap bubble
of radius 5 mm (surface tension is 0.04 N/m)
Ans: R = 5 × 10 ` , e = 0.04 N/m,
]g ]×K.K]
=32 _⁄` or Pa.
Excess pressure # = =
h F× Klm
64. If the diameter of a soap bubble is 10 mm and
its surface tension is 0.04 N/m, find the excess
pressure inside the bubble.
Ans: e = 0.04 N/m,
K
R = = = 5`` = 5 × 10 `
]g ]×K.K]
=32 _⁄` or Pa
Excess pressure # = =
h F× Klm
65. Can a substance contract on heating? Give an
example?
66. Why gaps are left between rails on railway
tracks?
Ans: To allow the linear expansion rails.
67. Why do liquids have no linear and areal
expansion?
Ans: liquids do not have any particular shape and
size.
68. What is latent heat of fusion? (Or) define
latent heat. Write its units.
Ans: It is amount of heat energy required to
convert unit mass of the substance from one state
to another state at constant temperature.
Units: J/kg
69. What is latent heat of vaporization?
Ans: the amount of heat energy required to
convert a unit mass of liquid substance into vapor
is known as latent heat of vaporization.
70. Why utensils are coated black? Why the
bottom of the utensils is made of copper?
Ans: black bodies are good heat absorbers. So, a
black bottom will absorb more heat.
Copper is a good conductor of heat. So, copper is
used at the bottom of cooking utensils.
71. What is triple point of water? Mention the
values of temperature and pressure at triple point
of water?
Ans: triple point: the temperature and pressure
where a substance can coexist in all its three states
is called the triple point.
Values: triple point of water is a temperature
273.16 n And pressure 4.6 mm of Hg.
72. What is greenhouse effect?
Ans: the heating up of earth's surface and
atmosphere due to the radiation observed by the
green house gases in the atmosphere is called
greenhouse effect.
73. State Newton's law of cooling.
Ans: The rate of loss of heat of the body is directly
proportional to the difference of temperature of
the body and surroundings.
Conditions: 1. The law holds good for small
temperature differences up to 30K,
2. Temperature of the body should be uniformly
distributed over it.
74. The roofs of buildings are often painted white
during summer. Why?
Ans: absorptive power of white surface is less. So
roofs coated white will absorb less heat energy. So
less quantity of heat transmitted into the house.
So we feel less hot or cold inside the house.
75. What is thermal expansion?
Ans: the expansion of materials due to the
absorption of heat energy is called thermal
expansion.
76. Why is it easier to perform the skating on the
snow?
Ans: Due to increase of pressure melting point
decreases. So it is easier to perform the skating on
the snow.
77. State the zeroth law of thermodynamics.
Ans:- if two systems are in thermal equilibrium
with third system then they must be in thermal
equilibrium with each other.
Significance: it explains the concept of
temperature.
78. What is first law of thermodynamics?
Ans: The heat energy supplied to a system is partly
used to increase its internal energy and the rest is
used to do work. dQ = dU+dW
79. Define mean free path.(or) write the equation
for mean free path.
Ans- The average distance that a gas molecule can
travel without colliding is called mean free path.
\=
√ ^ I
80. When does a real gas behave like an ideal
gas?
Ans: At low pressures and high temperatures, a
real gas behaves like an ideal gas.
81. State Boyle's law and Charles law
Ans: Boyle's law: At constant temperature, the
volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure.
Charles law: At constant pressure, the value of a
given mass of a gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature
82. State Dalton's law partial pressures.
Ans: For a mixture of non reactive ideal gases the
total pressure is the sum of partial pressures of
each gas. # = # + # + # … … … …
83. What is the law of equipartition of energy?
Ans: According to equipartition of energy, energy
of a particle distributes equally among all degrees
of freedom, which is equal to np e
84. The absolute temperature of gas is increased
by 3 times. What will be the increase in rms
velocity of the gas molecule?
Ans: qhG = 0
rs g
G
t Euv g g
=0 =0 =
t Euv g g √
q hG − q hG = √3 − 1 = 0.732