Lab1:

Study of different types of Network cables and practically

implement the cross-wired cable and straight through cable using
clamping tool.
Aim:
Learn about different types of network cables and practice making cross-wired and straight
through cable using clamping tool.
Types of network cables:
Twisted Pair cable:
This is the most common type of network cable. It consists of pairs of insulated copper wires
twisted together to reduce electromagnetic interference.
Co-axial Cable:
Co-axial cable has a central conductor surrounded by a dielectric insulating layer, a metallic
shield and an outer insulating layer. They are commonly used in for cable television (CATV)
and internet connections.
Fiber Optic cable:
Fiber Optic Cables use strands of glass or plastic fibres to transmit data using light pulses.
These cables are commonly used for long-distance telecommunications and high-speed internet
connections.
Practical Implementation of Cross-Wired and straight through cables using
a clamping tool:
Materials needed:
RJ-45. connector, Twisted pair Cable, Clamping tool.
Procedure:
1) Remove about 2 inches of plastic from the cable end, being careful not to damage the wires
inside.
2) Spread the wires apart without untwisting them too much.
3) Install the RJ-45 jacks on both ends of the cable.
4) Different condition applies for each cable:
Straight through cable →Both ends are the same
Cross over cable → Ends are different with orange and green wires switched.
Tables below explain it more clearly:

Side A Side B Side A Side B

Green White Green White Green White Orange White
Green Green Green Orange
Orange White Orange White Orange White Green White
Blue Blue Blue Blue
Blue White Blue White Blue White Blue White
Orange Orange Orange Green
Brown White Brown White Brown White Brown White

Brown Brown Brown Brown

Conclusion:
Learning about different network cables and making cross-wired and straight through
connections using clamping tool was helpful for building computer networks.
Lab2:
Study of following Network Devices in details.
The Network Devices and their description are:

Hub:
A Hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple devices in a network. It receives
data from one device connected to it and sends it to all other devices.

Switch:
A switch is a device that forwards data packets only to the intended recipient device. It
helps to reduce network congestion and improves efficiently

Bridge:
A Bridge connects two separate network segments together and manages the flow of data
between them. It helps to reduce the amount of traffic on each segment.

Router:
A router is a networking device that connects multiple networks together and directs traffic
between them.

Repeater:
A repeater is a device that amplifies or regenerates signals in a network. It is used to extend
the range of a network by boosting weak signals so they can travel farther.

Gateway:
A gateway is a device or software that acts as an entry point to another network or the
internet. for example, a home router acts as a gateway between local network and the internet.
Lab3:
Study of basic network command and Network configuration
commands.
The basic network commands and network configuration command are given
below with short description of each:

Ping:
The ping command checks if two devices can communicate by sending small messages
between them. It helps detect any connection problems like delays or lost message.

Ip configuration:
This command helps in getting important details about network setup, like computer’s
address and how it connects to other computers.

Router RIP configuration:

This command sets up a cisco router to share into with other routers. This into
helps routers decide the best way to send data.

Network Statement:
Network < network_address > command tells nearby routers about the networks that are
directly connected to this router.

Netstat:
Netstat provides various details about how your computer communicates with others. It’s
useful for identifying connection issues or detecting unauthorized access attempts.

So, these are the basic network commands and network configuration commands.
Lab4:
Implement the LAN topologies.

a) Bus Topology:

For bus topology, IPv4 address starting from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.07 along with
192.168.1.1 as default gateway and 255.255.255.0 as subnet mask is used.

Conclusion:
Based on the successful ping results it can be concluded that Bus topology is functioning
correctly.
 b) Star Topology:

For star Topology, IPv4 address starting from Default 192.168.0.1 to B 192.168.0.5 along
with 192.168.1.1 as Gateway and 255.255.255.0 as Subnet Mask is used.

Conclusion:
Based on the successful ping results, it can be concluded that Star Topology is properly
configured and functioning properly.
c) Ring Topology:

For Ring Topology, 4 PCs are used. their IPv4 address starts from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.4
along with 192.168.0.1 as default gateway and 255.255.255.0 as subnet mask is used.

Conclusion:
Based on the successful ping results, it can be concluded that Ring Topology is properly
configured and functioning correctly.
d) Tree Topology:

For Tree Topology, 6 PCs are used. Their IPv4 address starts from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.6
along with 192.168.1.1 as Default gateway and 255.255.255.0 as Subnet Mask is used.

Conclusion:
Based on the successful ping results, it can be concluded that Tree Topology Is properly
configured and functioning correctly.
e) Mesh Topology:

For Mesh Topology, 4 PCs are used. Their IPv4 address starts from 192.168.0.1 to
192.168.0.4 along with 192.168.101 as Default gateway and 255.255.255.0 as subnet mask is
used.

Conclusion:
Based on the successful ping results, it can be concluded that Mesh Topology is configured
and functions correctly.
f) Hybrid Topology:

For Hybrid Topol099, Ring and Bus used with following info:
Bus Topology → IPv4 Starting from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.4.
Ring Topology → IPv4 address starting from 192.168.0.5 to 192.168.0.8.
For both topologies default gateway is 192.168.1.1 and subnet mask is 255.258.255.0.

Conclusion:
Based on the successful ping results, it can be concluded that hybrid topology is configured
and functions well.
Lab5:
Connection between two LAN’s Topology in Cisco using
Interface.
a) Bus and star:
For bus and star topologies below addresses are used along with 255.255.255.0 as subnet
Mask.
Star Topology:
S.N. Device IPV4 Address Default Gateway
1. PC0 13.12.11.1
2. PC1 13.12.11.2 13.12.11.5
3. PC2 13.12.11.3
4. PC3 13.12.11.4

Bus Topology:
S.N. Device IPV4 Address Default Gateway
1. PC4 192.168.1.1
2. PC5 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.5
3. PC6 192.168.1.3
4. PC7 192.168.1.4
Conclusion:
The successful ping between PCs in different LAN topologies connected via a router
interface confirms the effective connectivity between Bus and star topologies.
b) Star and Tree:
For star and tree topologies below addresses are used along with 255. 255.255.0 as Subnet
Mask.
Star Topology:
S.N. Device IPV4 Address Default Gateway
1. PC0 13.12.11.1
2. PC1 13.12.11.2 13.12.11.5
3. PC2 13.12.11.3
4. PC3 13.12.11.4

Tree Topology:
S.N. Device IPV4 Address Default Gateway
1. PC4 192.168.1.1
2. PC5 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.5
3. PC6 192.168.1.3
4. PC7 192.168.1.4
Conclusion:
The successful ping between PCs in different LAN topologies connected via a router
interface confirm effective connectivity between star and tree topologies.
c) Ring and Bus:
For ring and bus topologies 255.255.255.0 is used as subnet mask along with the addresses
below:
Ring Topology:
S.N. Device IPV4 Adress Default Gateway
1. PC0 192.168.1.1
2. PC1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.5
3. PC2 192.168.1.3
4. PC3 192.168.1.4

Bus Topology:
S.N. Device IPV4 Address Default Gateway
1. PC4 13.12.11.1
2. PC5 13.12.11.2 13.12.11.5
3. PC6 13.12.11.3
4. PC7 13.12.11.4
Conclusion:
The successful ping between PCs in different LAN topologies connected via a router
interface confirm effective connectivity between Ring and Bus topology.
d) Star and Ring:
For Star and Ring topologies 255.255.255.0 is used as subnet mask along with the addresses
below:
Star Topology:
S.N. Device IPV4 Address Default Gateway
1. PC0 13.12.11.1
2. PC1 13.12.11.2 13.12.11.5
3. PC2 13.12.11.3
4. PC3 13.12.11.4

Ring Topology:
S.N. Device IPV4 Address Default Gateway
1. PC4 192.168.1.1
2. PC5 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.5
3. PC6 192.168.1.3
4. PC7 192.168.1.4
Conclusion:
The successful ping between PCs in different LAN topologies connected via a router
interface confirm effective connectivity between Star and Ring topology.
Lab6:
a) Implementation of RIP Routing in Cisco for connecting two
routers.
The implementation of RIP Routing in cisco for connecting two routers is done below:
IP Addressing Table:
S.N. Device IPV4 Address Subnet-Mask Default Gateway
1. PC0 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.1
2. PC1 192.168.10.3 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.1
3. PC2 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.1
4. PC3 192.168.20.3 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.1

IP Addressing Table Router

S.N. Device Interface IPV4 Address Subnet-Mask
1. Router 0 Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Serial 2/0 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
2. Router 1 Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Serial 2/0 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Lab7:
Basic Firewall configuration in Cisco Packet Tracer.
The implementation of basic firewall configuration in cisco Packet tracer is done below:
IP Addressing Table:
S.N. Device IPV4 Address Subnet-Mask Default Gateway
1. Server 1.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
2. PC0 1.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
3. Pc1 1.0.0.3 255.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
4. PC2 1.0.0.4 255.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
Conclusion:
By configuring basic firewall setting in Cisco Packet trace, the network security was
effectively managed and successful implementation of firewall was demonstrated.