Ansys Fluent Migration Manual

Ansys Fluent Migration Manual
ANSYS, Inc. Release 2023 R1

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Table of Contents
1. Migrating to Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 ......................................................................................................... 1
2. Fluent ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Supported Platforms for Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 ................................................................................... 3
2.2. New Features in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 ............................................................................................... 3
2.2.1. Meshing Mode ......................................................................................................................... 3
2.2.2. Solution Mode ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.3. Fluent Applications ................................................................................................................ 18
2.3. Updates Affecting Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 Code Behavior ................................................................... 21
2.3.1. Meshing Mode ....................................................................................................................... 22
2.3.2. Solution Mode ....................................................................................................................... 22
2.3.3. Fluent Applications ................................................................................................................ 27
2.4. Features To Be Removed in a Future Release .................................................................................... 27
3. Resolved Issues and Limitations in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 .................................................................... 29
4. New Limitations in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 ............................................................................................. 31
5. Text Command Changes in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 ................................................................................ 33
5.1. Meshing Mode ............................................................................................................................... 33
5.2. Solution Mode ................................................................................................................................ 36
Release 2023 R1 - © ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. iii
iv of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 1: Migrating to Ansys Fluent 2023 R1
The purpose of the Ansys Fluent Migration Manual is to help you transition from the previous version
for the meshing mode and solution mode of Ansys Fluent. Read through the entire document to under-
stand the changes that have taken place. The information is enclosed in the following chapters:
• Fluent Release Notes (p. 3)
• Resolved Issues and Limitations in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 (p. 29)
• New Limitations in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 (p. 31)
• Text Command Changes in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 (p. 33)
If you are upgrading across several releases, you may find it helpful to consult the Migration Manuals
for the intervening releases as well. You can find these in the Ansys Help on the customer site, by se-
lecting the appropriate release from the drop-down menu on the Home page.
When you write journals using this release, then you should add the text command /file/set-tui-
version "23.1" at the top of the file. This text command will help when you run the journal in a
future release, as it will hide any new text user interface (TUI) prompts that have been added and will
restore any prompts that have been removed. It is intended to help with backwards compatibility with
future releases (up to two full releases after the release the journal file was created in/for).
For information about past, present, and future operating system and platform support, see the Platform
Support section of the Ansys Website.
Note that beta features have not been fully tested and validated. ANSYS, Inc. makes no commitment
to resolve defects reported against these prototype features. Changes in the solution behavior are
sometimes expected and are not captured in this document. However, if there are solution differences
between beta features and the Release 2023 R1 standard Fluent features that concern you, contact
technical support for assistance. Your feedback is appreciated and will help us improve the overall
quality of the product.
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. 1
2 of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Chapter 2: Fluent Release Notes
The following sections contain release information for Ansys Fluent 2023 R1.
2.1. Supported Platforms for Ansys Fluent 2023 R1
2.2. New Features in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1
2.3. Updates Affecting Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 Code Behavior
2.4. Features To Be Removed in a Future Release
Backwards Compatibility: Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 can generally read case files and data files from all
past Fluent releases. Solver and model settings from previous case files are typically respected. However,
in some cases due to defect fixes and core improvements to improve robustness and/or performance,
convergence behavior and/or results obtained may be different. Such release-to-release changes are
documented in the Fluent Migration Manual, along with instructions to recover the previous behavior
when possible.
2.1. Supported Platforms for Ansys Fluent 2023 R1

Information about past, present, and future operating system and platform support is viewable via the
Ansys website.
2.2. New Features in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1

The following sections list the new features available in Ansys Fluent:
2.2.1. Meshing Mode
2.2.2. Solution Mode
2.2.3. Fluent Applications
2.2.1. Meshing Mode

New features available in the meshing mode of Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 are listed below.
General Notes
• Meshing usability improvements have been made in general. For instance, you can now:
– Display the mesh for various face and cell types. See Generating the Mesh Display Using
the Display Grid Dialog Box for details.
– Separate cell zones based on specific cell types. See Separating Cell Zones for details.
• You can now save images in GLB format.
Fluent
• Isolated cells can now be identified, marked and removed if necessary using the Diagnostics
Tools dialog box, and are included in the diagnostics summary. See Using the Diagnostics
Tools Dialog Box for details.
Fluent Guided Meshing Workflows
• The Watertight Geometry Workflow
– The Add Multizone Controls task now provides the ability to select all source-target zones
that are parallel to a global plane by choosing Zones parallel to XY plane, Zones parallel
to XZ plane, or Zones parallel to YZ plane. See Adding Multizone Controls for details.
In addition, the Manage Zones task now provides, prior to volume meshing, the ability to
split bodies in a selected direction normal to a global direction by choosing Split normal
to X, Split normal to Y, or Split normal to Z for selected non-cylindrical regions (such as
heat exchanger tubes). See Managing Zones for details.
– The Generate the Volume Mesh task now includes a choice of target Solver where you
can choose from Fluent or CFX. See Generating the Volume Mesh for details.
– In the Add Multizone Controls task, for the Multizone Controls and Sizing for field, in
addition to Regions, you can now select Edges in order to create edge-based multizone
controls. See Adding Multizone Controls for details.
– When using the Add Boundary Layer task, if you indicated yes to the advanced Ignore
Boundary Layers at Acute Angles? prompt, you can now use the Acute Angle Buffer
Layers option to indicate the number of buffer layers that can be placed around ignored
boundary layer faces, extending the ignored regions, especially around sharp angles. Increas-
ing the Acute Angle Buffer Layers value increases the number of faces for which the
boundary layer will be ignored at acute angles. See Adding Boundary Layers for details.
– When importing a mesh using the Import Geometry task, you can now use the Automatic
Object and Label Creation? prompt to determine whether or not mesh objects and labels
are automatically created upon import. This can potentially and dramatically increase the
mesh import speed for very large cases. By default, this is set to yes however, if it is set to
no, then no labels are created and a single mesh object is created employing all zones. See
Importing Geometries for details.
– Improvements have been made to the Generate the Volume Mesh task, such that you can
now use the Mesh Fluid Regions check box to mesh fluid regions along with solid regions.
As a global setting, you can now also use the Merge Boundary Layer Cells Within Regions?
prompt to choose to have the boundary layer merged into the bulk mesh. See Generating
the Volume Mesh for details.
• The Fault-tolerant Meshing Workflow
– Improvements have been introduced to increase robustness of the overall workflow. For
instance, the Identify Deviated Faces task now includes an option to include or exclude
any gap covers you may have defined (see Identifying Deviated Faces). Also, the Choose
Mesh Control Options task now allows you to quickly recreate local refinement regions
based on previous settings (see Choosing Mesh Control Options).
New Features in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1
– Improvements have been introduced to increase performance of the overall workflow, espe-
cially in generating a surface mesh (when Save Intermediate Files is enabled). For instance,
when reverting and editing sub-tasks for Choose Mesh Control Options or Add Local
Sizing, the workflow will always return to the top-level task to be updated. If you revert
and edit the Generate the Surface Mesh task, the workflow now detects relevant interme-
diate surface mesh files, allowing you to quickly calculate the surface mesh.
– The Generate the Volume Mesh task now includes the Conformal Prism Split option to
determine whether to split the boundary layer cells conformally or not. See Generating the
Volume Mesh for details.
– The CAD Model and Meshing Model trees in the Import CAD and Part Management task
now have additional commands to improve overall usability for handling their respective
objects. For instance, you can now expand/collapse all or some of the items in the tree(s),
cut copy, paste and move objects as needed, among other functions. See Working with the
CAD Model Tree and Working with the Meshing Model Tree for details.
– The Generate the Volume Mesh task now allows you to generate the volume mesh without
size controls. This can especially be helpful when meshing in parallel on several cores that
can be computationally expensive when having to include size controls for all parallel pro-
cesses. See Generating the Volume Mesh for details.
– In addition to translation and rotation transformations, the Import CAD and Part Manage-
ment task now allows you to perform additional transformations, such as scaling, mirroring,
and rotation about an axis. See Performing Transformation Operations on Meshing Model
Objects for details.
– The Create Gap Cover task has been improved to allow for the use of a uniform wrapper
to create the gap cover, in addition to existing size controls. In both cases, additional controls
now allow for more refinement of the gap cover. See Creating Gap Covers for details.
– In the Update Region Settings task, there is a new Extraction Method option called cfd
surface mesh that allows you to mesh the selected part(s) based on the original CAD
model, rather than by using the initial faceting, providing a higher quality surface mesh.
See Updating Your Region Settings for details.
– In the Choose Mesh Controls task, the default setting for the option has been changed to
Target Only for creating new size controls and reading existing size control files. See
Choosing Mesh Control Options for details.
– When defining overset meshes, you can now prioritize any overset component meshes using
the Enable Grid Priorities option in the Identify Orphans task. Enabling this option provides
a table of your overset meshes to prioritize as needed. This is useful in determining
donor/receptor cell arrangements for overset meshes during mesh generation and evaluating
mesh quality prior to using the Fluent solver. See Identifying Orphans for details.
– In the Import CAD and Part Management task, you can now more easily filter long lists
as well as sort by name (using the context menu) in both the CAD Model tree and the
Meshing Model tree. See Importing CAD Geometries and Managing CAD Parts for details.
– In the Import CAD and Part Management task, you can now apply the component name
as a prefix to the names of individual parts using the Settings drop-down button and select-
ing the Prefix component name option. This naming convention carries through to the
Fluent
meshing objects and the cell zone names, and therefore can be useful in applications such
as battery modeling to better manage models with many individual parts. See Importing
CAD Geometries and Managing CAD Parts for details.
– In the Import CAD and Part Management task, you can now import Discovery files (.dsco)
using the CAD File field, using the default DSCO option for the Import Route, as long as
Discovery is installed. See Importing CAD Geometries and Managing CAD Parts for details.
– In the Import CAD and Part Management task, you can use the Draw context menu option
now available in both the CAD Model tree and the Meshing Model tree to visualize one
or more selected objects simultaneously in the graphics window. There is also a new Draw
option in the Object Settings object's context menu to visualize one or more of those
meshing objects as well in the graphics window. See Importing CAD Geometries and Man-
aging CAD Parts for details.
Mesh Generation
• The Rapid Octree mesher is now improved in the following ways:
– You can now define multiple prismatic layers for specific boundary zones, so that the original
isotropic layer generated at the boundaries is divided into many anisotropic layers at the
time of meshing. This allows you to increase the mesh resolution perpendicular to the anti-
cipated streamwise direction without overly increasing the cell count. It is an alternative to
creating such layers after meshing by using other tools in the meshing mode or by using
mesh adaption in the solution mode. (Boundary Layer Mesh)
– When using the Boundary Projection treatment, you can now specify that the cells in the
layer adjacent to boundary zones are optimized in terms of orthogonal quality at the time
of meshing. (Boundary Mesh Optimization)
– In order to minimize the defeaturing that can occur at inlets, outlets, interior boundaries,
and so on, you can now enable a scheme that improves the geometry resolution as part of
the Boundary Projection treatment. The scheme is based on an iterative projection of
boundary faces onto the geometry, with the goal of minimizing the distance of the boundary
face centroid to the geometry. This “face projection” is then internally iterated with mesh
smoothing steps to improve the cell quality. (Improve Geometry Resolution)
– A new volume specification method named Selected Material Points is available for all input
objects. It allows you to generate disconnected cell zones (based on the existing volumetric
regions) by defining and selecting material points within the various regions. This can produce
similar results to the All Volumetric Regions option, but it is more robust and can handle
geometries that are not watertight. (Specifying the Volume)
– When defining size functions for the geometry in the Surface Sizing dialog box, you can
now define local Feature Angle Refinement settings for individual or groups of zones that
are different than global Feature Angle Refinement settings defined in the Rapid Octree
dialog box. (Custom Boundary Sizes)
– A text command (mesh/rapid-octree/delete-poor-quality-cells) is now

available that allows you to delete all cells that have an Inverse Orthogonal Quality that is
worse than 0.99. When a cell is deleted, new face zones of type symmetry are created for
the adjacent cells on the faces that were shared with the deleted cell.

New features available in the solution mode of Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 are listed below. Where appro-
priate, references to the relevant section in the User's Guide are provided.
Licensing
• CFD Pro now supports transient simulations.
• Aero is limited to the Enterprise capability level.
User Experience
• There are several enhancements to the Fluent Launcher:
– The tabs are always visible, with the Home tab representing the first page.
– Specification of the home directory is moved from the General Options tab to the Home
tab, for increased visibility.
– The file selected in the Recent Files list is the one that will be used when Fluent is launched.
Click the selected file again to deselect it.
Hovering over a file in the Recent Files list shows its full path.
– Some options originally on the front page are relocated to the General Options tab (Display
Mesh After Reading, Load ACT, Start Server).
– Workspace descriptions are available as you hover over the name of each one.
– Learning resources are moved under the Help button.
• Double-clicking a setting in the Modified Settings Summary table opens the corresponding
dialog box or task page, allowing you to change the value of that setting. Refer to Modified
Settings Summary in the Fluent User's Guide for additional information.
• You can now create report definitions via the right-click context menu within the graphics
window, allowing you to interactively select the surfaces or volumes you want included. Refer
to Monitoring and Reporting Solution Data in the Fluent User's Guide for additional information.
• Embedded window dashboards can now be saved as objects using the Embedded Windows
Manager. Similar to other graphics objects (contours, vectors, and so on), saved dashboards
are listed in the Outline View tree and are stored with the case file.
• For point surface creation, you can make it so that points are snapped to their closest valid
location on the domain by enabling the surface/closest-point-search text command
in the Console. This setting avoids point surface creation failures when the point surface is
created from the text user interface or graphics user interface.
Files
• Case and data files saved using the Autosave functionality are now saved to the working dir-
ectory, by default. This is indicated by the ./<filename> in the File Name field of the
Fluent
Autosave dialog box. Cases from previous releases that have the autosave directory hard coded
will continue to save the files at the specified directory.
Solver-Meshing
• When adding or editing an automatic adaption criterion through the text user interface (TUI),
you can now define a new skip-until setting, which allows you to specify the iteration /
time step when automatic adaption is allowed to begin. This is useful when you want one or
more of the initial instances of adaption to be skipped. Note that the skip-until setting is
automatically set to 2 for the Pressure Hessian Indicator predefined criteria, as typically the
calculation of this indicator does not yield useful results in the first iteration / time step. (Re-
fining and Coarsening and Aerodynamics Adaption)
• When setting up manual or automatic adaption, you can now select named expressions for
the refinement and/or coarsening criteria. (Refining and Coarsening)
• When using radial basis function smoothing as part of a dynamic mesh simulation, you can
now:
– define a relative convergence tolerance that determines the accuracy to which the displace-
ment field is solved (and thus avoid the production of negative volume cells or increase the
speed of the calculation)
– set the verbosity, so that the absolute tolerance computed (based on your specified relative
tolerance) is printed in the console during the calculation
– specify that the smoothing uses a reference position, which can improve mesh quality
consistency when performing many cycles of periodic or quasi-periodic motion for stationary
or moving meshes
For further details about radial basis function smoothing, see Smoothing Methods and Radial
Basis Function Smoothing.
• Dynamic mesh cases that use the unified remeshing method with the Retain Size Distribution
option enabled are improved in the following ways:
– Any sizing controls and/or prism controls created in the meshing mode as part a Watertight
Geometry meshing guided workflow (as described in Using the Watertight Geometry
Meshing Guided Workflows) are automatically imported and used as part the unified
remeshing. It is generally not necessary to change such controls. If you suspect that an im-
ported control is adversely affecting a case file created using an earlier release, you can delete
or edit it using the following text command menus: for sizing controls, use define/dynam-
ic-mesh/controls/remeshing-parameters/sizing-controls/; for prism
controls, use define/dynamic-mesh/controls/remeshing-parameters/prism-
controls/. (Sizing Controls and Prism Controls)
– The sizing controls now have an interval setting that by default will update the evaluation
of the sizing of the cells every 10 time steps. This updating can help to ensure that the mesh
size distribution is appropriate in some cases. It is generally not necessary to change this
setting from the default value. If you suspect it is adversely affecting a case file created using
an earlier release, you can disable such updating by editing the sizing control (using the
define/dynamic-mesh/controls/remeshing-parameters/sizing-con-
trols/edit text command) and changing the interval setting to a number that is
greater than the total number of time steps in the calculation. (Sizing Controls)
• Adaption for overset mesh simulations is improved in the following ways:
– Gap adaption is now supported as a full feature, and can be used to adapt under-resolved
gaps in order to prevent the creation of orphan cells in an overset mesh. (Marking for Gap
Adaption and Overset Adaption Controls)
– Anisotropic adaption is now supported as a full feature for 3D cases, so that by default an-
isotropic refinement is used for suitable prismatic cells adapted as part of overset orphan
adaption and/or overset gap adaption, in order to reduce the resulting cell count. (Overset
Adaption Controls)
– A predefined criterion for setting up automatic overset mesh adaption is now available from
the Automatic Mesh Adaption dialog box, and the resulting criterion can be managed
from the Manage Adaption Criteria dialog box. (Refining and Coarsening and Overset
Adaption)
Cell Zones and Boundary Conditions
• The floating operating pressure option now produces valid results when the density is defined
using a real gas model. (Floating Operating Pressure)
Materials
• Materials Data for Simulation (MDS) provides access to simulation-ready materials data for a
broad coverage of material classes, which enables engineers to create stronger simulations
with trusted data. For easy access, MDS is embedded directly into Ansys Fluent and currently
contains 771 engineering materials, covering a wide range of material classes.
Material Class Count

Ceramics 47
Composites 37
Fluids 37
Foams 16
Glasses 15
Honeycombs 3
Magnets 27
Metals - ferrous 153
Metals - non-ferrous 226
Polymers 176
Woods 34
Total 771
Development focus has centered on continuing to provide accurate and reliable simulation-
ready materials data, involving standard updates to point and curve data. These updates include:
Fluent
– Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol records are updated with thermal expansion, density
vs. temperature, viscosity vs. temperature and molecular data changes.
– Missing molecular mass values are populated for all fluids.
– Temperature dependent Young’s modulus removed for the record Plastic, PA12 (rigid).
– There are no additional materials/records in the Materials Library in this release but some
property values are updated as a result of bug fixing.
Heat Transfer/Radiation
• You can perform thermal analysis of a PCB starting from an ECAD file (.aedb/edb.def).
(Thermal Analysis of Printed Circuit Boards)
• For Loosely Coupled Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT), you now have the option to specify a
Time-averaged Explicit thermal coupling between fluid and solid zones. (Loosely Coupled
Conjugate Heat Transfer)
• The PDF Transport model is now supported for use with the Accelerated DO solver.
• When simulating conjugate heat transfer (CHT) with the pressure-based solver, a new method
for calculating the heat flux is now available and (for Linux) selected by default for solid zones
that have an anisotropic option (other than biaxial) selected for the thermal conductivity.
Compared to the other two available heat flux methods, this new method represents a reas-
onable compromise with regard to the calculation robustness and convergence rate. The heat
flux method is set using the solve/set/advanced/anisotropic-solid-heat-
transfer/flux text command: to revert to the previous default on Linux for cases where
the thermal conductivity is not highly anisotropic, select standard; to take advantage of this
new method on Windows and/or for cases created in a previous release, select boundary-
stabilized-implicit. (Heat Flux Methods for Anisotropic Solid Zones)
Turbulence
• For the Synthetic Turbulence Generator (STG) and Volumetric STG, you can now restrict the
area of the inlet face zone from which the velocity and turbulence length scales are computed
by specifying one of the Scale Search Limiters: Turbulence Intensity, Turbulent Viscosity Ratio,
or Wall Distance threshold values. This allows you to exclude the free stream part of the inlet,
where the RANS turbulent length scale could be arbitrarily high. (Synthetic Turbulence Gener-
ator)
Turbomachinery
• The Phase-lag boundary condition is now available as a solution acceleration scheme by redu-
cing the size of the computational model to a single passage under certain conditions. (Phase-
lag Method)
• The accumulation and postprocessing of Fourier coefficients is now available for transient
turbomachinery cases. (General Fourier Coefficient Postprocessing for Turbomachinery Cases)
• The Influence Coefficient Method (ICM) is now supported for aerodynamic damping calcu-
lations. (Aerodynamic Damping (Blade Flutter Analysis))
• You can now multi-select already created Turbo Interfaces to edit, delete, display, and interface
check multiple interfaces simultaneously. (Creating and Editing General Turbo Interfaces)
• You can now perform an Interface Check from the Create/Edit Turbo Interfaces dialog box
that will display information about an interface and perform checks to ensure proper setup.
(Creating and Editing General Turbo Interfaces)
• When specifying Periodic Displacement or Profile Replication, profiles that contain mesh dis-
placement field variables (variables containing the meshdisp or meshdisptot keyword)
can now automatically fill those respective dialog boxes. (Replicating Profiles) (Defining the
Periodic Displacement of the Blades)
• For Blade Film Cooling, there are new capabilities for visualizing the hole geometries, as well
as facilities for automatically expanding any rotational periodicity. (Hole Locations for Rotation-
ally Periodic Interface Pairs)
• There are now additional Boundary Geometry options for Blade Film Cooling such as independ-
ent flow direction, mass flow, and temperature specification. (Blade Film Cooling for Gas Tur-
bines)
Reacting Flows
• For ablation condition at walls, mass and heat transfer can now be considered when the Vielle’s
model is used to model ablation. (The Ablation Condition at Wall Boundaries)
• For transient species transport cases that involve wall surface reactions, a new postprocessing
field variable, Wall Deposition Thickness, is now available in the Wall Fluxes... category. See
Field Function Definitions in the Fluent User's Guide for its definition.
Discrete Phase Model
• An additional particle variable, parcel volume, is available for reporting. (Reporting of Particle
Variables)
• For tabulated (discrete) diameter distribution, you can now plot a diameter size distribution
histogram of your tabulated data. (Using the Tabulated (Discrete) Diameter Distribution)
• For DDPM simulations with the Discrete Phase Domain setting in the Injection Properties
dialog box set to anything other than none, the Parcel Volume is now reported in the Set
Injection Properties dialog box when you click Estimate Parcel Count.
• For the Schmehl and Madabhushi breakup models, new controls, Breakup Max Generation
and Subsequent Statistical Breakup, are now available to limit the maximum child particle
generation due to breakup, which significantly reduces the amount of total droplets created
without compromising the solution quality. (Breakup)
• For hollow cone injections, the following controls have been added:
– The Dispersion Angle point property: to specify a distribution of the spray angle
– The Stagger in Injection Plane Only option: to restrict the spatial staggering of the initial
particle positions to purely the radial direction of the spray
See Point Properties for Cone Injections in the Fluent User's Guide for details.
Fluent
• The reinject boundary condition is now fully supported. This was a beta feature in Ansys Fluent
Release 2022 R2. In addition, you can now mark injections that will be used for reintroduction
of DPM particles into the domain and specify the reinjection time delay. (The reinject
Boundary Condition)
• For consistency and clarity, the following labels have been renamed in the Wall dialog box
(DPM tab).
Old Name New Name

Boundary Cond. Type Discrete Phase BC Type
Boundary Cond. Function Discrete Phase BC Function
Discrete Phase Model Conditions Discrete Phase Model Boundary Conditions
• DPM summary reports have been restructured. They now include more information and are
cleaner and easier to read. (Summary Reports)
• For simulations that involve the Lagrangian wall film model, you can now use the convective
wall-film heat transfer model. This was a beta feature in Ansys Fluent version 2022 R2. The
model has been improved and now incorporates correction for impingement on moving walls
and turbulent film approximation. The model is suitable for simulating thicker films, films with
high velocity, films of high Prandtl number liquids, and films formed by jet impingement.
(Convective Heat Transfer Model and Film Boiling Model with Convective Heat Transfer Model
in the Fluent Theory Guide)
• For Dense Discrete Phase Model (DDPM) cases with energy transfer, a new text option,
define/models/dpm/interaction/ddpm-enhanced-inter-phase-exchange?,
has been added for enabling the enhanced Eulerian interphase exchange. This option is recom-
mended for simulations with poly-dispersed particles. ( Including the Dense Discrete Phase
Model)
Multiphase Models
• When using the Wet Steam model, you can now switch off the phase change model in specific
cell zones. (Setting Up the Wet Steam Model)
• For the Eulerian model, the Models tab of the Multiphase Model dialog box has been reor-
ganized to improve user experience:
– The Eulerian Parameters group box has been renamed as Hybrid Models. It now contains
two options: Dense Discrete Phase Model and Multi-Fluid VOF Model. The Boiling
Model options has been moved to a new group box called Sub-Models.
– The boiling models options can now be accessed in the new Boiling Options dialog box
that opens by clicking the Boiling Options... button in the Sub-Models group box.
– For two-phase multiphase cases, capillary pressure can now be modeled as diffusion.
(Modeling Capillary Pressure as Diffusion)
• For mixture multiphase cases that involve the algebraic slip velocity formulation, a new mod-
eling capability is available to simulate flow regime transition between bubbly flow, droplet
flow, and free surface flow. The flow regime definition is based on the phase morphology
(continuous, dispersed, or hybrid) and phase state (liquid or gas). The algebraic area density
method (AIAD) is used for the flow regime transition criterion. The modeling parameters can
be customized using a DEFINE_VECTOR_EXCHANGE_PROPERTY user-defined function (UDF)
as shown in Example 3 - Custom Blending Factors for Flow Regime Modeling in the Fluent
Customization Manual. See Using the Flow Regime Modeling in the Fluent User's Guide for details.
Electric Potential Field Model
• For two-sided internal walls, you can now specify independent boundary conditions on a wall
and wall-shadow pair. (Setting Up the Electric Potential Model)
• A new model for evaluating water electrolysis has been added. The model includes the mul-
tiphase physics and can be used to evaluate water electrolysis in hydrogen production in PEM
electrolysis and alkaline electrolysis devices. (Electrolysis Model)
The Potential/Li-ion Battery dialog box has been renamed to Potential/Electrochemistry.

The Lithium-ion Battery Model option has been moved to the new Electrochemistry group
box.
• For Li-ion battery simulations, the new postprocessing capabilities include:
– Additional field variables (under the Lithium... category):
→ Magnitude of Lithium Mass Flux Vector
→ X Lithium Mass Flux
→ Y Lithium Mass Flux
→ Z Lithium Mass Flux
For their definitions, see, Field Function Definitions in the Fluent User's Guide.
– Ability to generate vector plots of the lithium mass flux.
See Postprocessing Electric Potential Field and Li-ion Battery Quantities in the Fluent User's
Guide for details.
Eulerian Wall Film Model
• You can now solve the film continuity and energy equations without solving the film velocity
(that is, with fixed film velocity). This is useful for film solutions in applications where film is
formed by condensation in a static flow field. This was available as a beta feature in the previous
release. (Setting Eulerian Wall Film Model Options)
• When separation and/or stripping are enabled for the Eulerian wall film, the solver now auto-
matically generates an injection to track the separated and/or stripped particles. (Setting Eu-
lerian Wall Film Model Options)
Battery Model
• In addition to the existing voltage ECHEM stop criterion, you can now use the SOC stop criterion.
(Specifying Battery Model Options)
Fluent
• The battery pack builder tool can now connect battery modules in a general mSnP pattern.
(Using the Battery Pack Builder Tool)
• The thermal abuse model has been extended and is now supported with all battery models
(CHT Coupling, FMU-CHT Coupling, and Circuit Network).
• The possible initiation of an internal short circuit and its propagation can now be considered
in the one-equation kinetics thermal abuse model. In previous releases, this feature was
available only for the four-equation kinetics model.
• For the Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM), the parameter estimation tool now allows HPPC testing
data that contains both discharging and charging curves. The tool automatically determines
the type of data in each file to fit the curves separately for the discharging and charging testing
data. You can display the fitted discharging and charging curves using the Discharging Data
and Charging Data radio buttons in the Parameter Estimation dialog box.
• The parameter estimation tool now supports the "*" and "?" wildcards in testing data file names
for multiple file specification in the text user interface.
• For the physics-based battery life model, a cycle-history profile called aging-cycle-his-
tory-profile is now automatically generated during standalone simulation. The profile
saves the battery properties at the end of each electric load cycle. (Including the Entropic Heat
Effects)
• For cases that use any of the electrochemical submodels, you can now include entropic heat
in the heat source calculation using tabular data. (Including the Entropic Heat Effects)
• The DEFINE_BATTERY_ENTROPIC_HEAT user-defined function (UDF) has two extra argu-

ments: temperature T and the indicator of the charging mode discharge_mode. The example
has been updated to show the usage of the two new arguments. The UDF is now hooked in
the Advanced Options tab of the Battery Model dialog box. ( DEFINE_BATTERY_ENTROP-
IC_HEAT in the Fluent Customization Manual)
• You can now use the LTI-ROM generator to compute matrices of the state space equations.
(Computing Coefficient Matrices of the State Space Equations (LTI-ROM Generation Tab))
• For the ROM data creator, the stop condition has been added, providing you the flexibility to
stop training runs before the maximum time is reached. (Create ROM Training Data (ROM Data
Creator Tab))
• When using the parameter estimation tool for the thermal abuse battery model, you can now
use multiple experimental data files obtained under different heating conditions, thus improving
the quality of fitting results.
• The following report definitions have been added to battery model cases:
– battery-max-temperature
– battery-terminal-voltage
– battery-terminal-current
These report definitions can be used to create report files and report plots (Predefined Report
Definitions for the Battery Model)
Structural Model for Intrinsic Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)
• When modeling linear or nonlinear thermo-elasticity, the starting temperature can now be
assigned as a starting temperature field using the temperature field from a previous calculation.
(Modeling Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Within Fluent)
Solver
• For cases in which the default application of poor mesh numerics treatment is not sufficient,
you can now easily set up the automatic marking of cells from a register for the treatment at
a specified interval throughout the calculation. This can be useful if the mesh will be changing
during the solution (for example, due to mesh manipulation or adaption). (Robustness with
Meshes of Poor Quality)
Fluent Native GPU Solver
• The new Fluent GPU Solver utilizes NVIDIA GPUs to power the Ansys Fluent solver. The high
parallelization, large memory, and computational capacity of GPUs makes them optimal for
performing the data parallel operations necessary for calculating complex simulations. The
high performance of GPUs enables flow solutions to be computed much faster than traditional
multi-core CPU-based computations. See Using the Fluent Native GPU Solver in the Fluent
User's Guide for additional information.
Density-based Solver
• High-speed Numerics (HSN) can now be enabled as checkbox from the Solution Methods task
page. (Enabling High-Speed Numerics)
• HSN have been improved to preserve constant total-enthalpy for steady inviscid flows.
• With HSN enabled, the positivity rate-of-reduction limit is applied to the pressure in addition
to temperature.
Adjoint Solver Module
• When using the gradient-based optimizer in previous releases, commands can only be executed
after the design calculation and before the design modification during optimization. In this
release, keywords can be entered after a command is written in the execute commands dialog
box to specify the command to execute at any point in the optimization process. (Using the
Gradient-Based Optimizer)
• In previous releases, gradient based optimization can only be stopped at the end of the current
design iteration. In this release, the optimize dialog box has been added which is opened
when optimization begins and allows for optimization to be stopped at the end of the current
design iteration or stopped immediately. (Using the Gradient-Based Optimizer)
• The gradient-based optimizer now supports the line search optimization method. (Using the
Gradient-Based Optimizer)
• Geometry parameterization and exploration is now available for exploring geometry designs
for various design conditions, by means of mesh morphing. (Geometry Parameterization and
Exploration)
Fluent
• The design tool now supports the enhanced constraint method for the polynomials and radial
basis function morphing methods. (Modifying the Geometry Using the Design Tool)
• The design tool now supports expressions for the prescribed profile design condition and the
compound design condition. (Modifying the Geometry Using the Design Tool)
Graphics, Reporting, and Postprocessing
• The colormap size will remain consistent for hardcopy images taken of the graphics window
using the Save Picture dialog box, as long as the images are saved at the same resolution. It
will not vary with the size of the graphics window.
• Flux Reports for the Total Heat Transfer Rate that involve the Solar Load model now report
Total Solar Source separately.
• There are numerous enhancements to enhanced plotting (the default plotting mechanism):
– Plotting performance is improved for plots close to the default enhanced plots limit of 50,000
points.
– Axis values are always legible.
– Y-axis values display properly with logarithmic scaling.
– You can drag and drop graphics objects onto XY plot objects displayed in the graphics
window (to replace the XY plot with, for example, a contour plot).
– Residual plots remain consistent when the calculation is stopped and then resumed. That
is, changes to the appearance of the residual plot, such as disabling curves, or moving the
legend are retained when the computation is resumed.
– The colormaps of graphics object displays that are embedded, then removed, appear correctly.
– The threshold behavior of reverting to standard plotting is working properly for Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT) plots.
• The Embedded Windows Manager allows you to create dashboards that are easily edited
and can be quickly redisplayed. Refer to Embedded Graphics Window Dashboards in the Fluent
User's Guide for more information on embedded window dashboards.
• Expression volumes can now be used in computing volume integrals and in creating volume
report definitions.
• You can now create custom materials for realistic rendering in graphics displays. Refer to
Realistic Rendering of Materials in the Fluent User's Guide for additional information.
• You can quickly hide colormaps from the graphics window by clicking the 'X' that appears
when hovering over the colormap. Options are also available for hiding and restoring colormaps
in the context menu accessed by right-clicking in the graphics window. The hiding/restoration
of colormaps using these techniques is temporary, the next time the object is displayed, the
colormap's presence is determined by the Show Colormap field in the associated Colormap
dialog box.
• Point monitor performance in parallel is improved, especially for cases with many point surfaces.
• The range in line integral convolution (LIC) plots can now computed locally. Refer toGenerating
an LIC Plot in the Fluent User's Guide for additional information.
Parametric Studies
• You can now automatically add design points to your parametric study based on a separate
Ansys optiSLang analysis. See Adding Design Points for details.
• Additional customizable details pertaining to named expressions (such as Definition, Value,

Unit, Used In, and Description) can now be added to your design point parametric reports.
See Overview of Design Point Report Settings for details.
• When defining your parametric reports, in the Design Point Table, you can choose Conditional
Formatting options for your output parameter-specific data, customizing how they appear in
the report's design point table. See Overview of Parametric Report Settings for details.
• When updating concurrent parametric studies, you can now indicate specific details related
to licensing your parametric runs. For instance, you can now specify standard Solver Licenses,
or HPC Parametric license types with or without the use of Ansys optiSLang parametric op-
timization. See Updating Design Points in the Same Session Versus a New Session for details.
Command Execution
• The Execute Commands dialog box now has an Execute At End option that you can use if
your command needs to be executed at the end of your simulation.. Also, for any commands
that are already defined in the Outline View, you can hover over them individually and Fluent
will display a preview of the command properties. See Executing Commands During the Cal-
culation for details.
Case Modification
• The Modify Case dialog box is improved for transient cases, such that you can now specify
Flow Time and Time Step as methods to determine how a case is modified. See Automatic
Initialization of the Solution and Case Modification for details.
Turbo Workflow
• The Import Mesh task now allows you to import meshes that have multiple blades and/or
splitters in a particular cell zone. See Importing Your Mesh for details.
• The Associate Mesh task now allows you to use the Modify Zone Names as per Specified
Row Names check box to apply a prefix to the generated cell zone names that can be based
on the name of the row or the name of the component. See Associating Your Mesh for details.
Porous Media
• You can now use Curvilinear Coordinate System to define a Porous Zone.
Curvilinear Coordinates Systems (CCS)
• A new Vector Projection method is available for defining directions of a CCS.
Fluent
Add-Ons
• For the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with unresolved electrolyte model, you can now specify
the temperature-dependent exchange current density not only at the cathode side, but now
also at the anode side.
• For the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) model and the Fuel Cell and Electro-
lysis model, you can now account for the effects of Knudsen diffusion.
Beta Features
• There are also some exciting new enhancements available as beta features that you may be
interested in trying out. Detailed documentation is in the Fluent 2023 R1 Beta Features Manual.

New features available in the client applications of Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 are listed below.
Fluent Remote Visualization Client
• You can now save images in GLB format. Refer to Saving Pictures of the Graphics Window in
the Fluent User's Guide for additional information.
Fluent Icing
Fluent Icing allows you to easily conduct in-flight icing simulations within a dedicated Fluent
Application Client environment. The following additional functionality has been added in this
release.
• Run Sequence
– Fluent Icing now includes the feature to import a .csv file to execute several runs in
sequence. The .csv file defines the list of runs which can use different solvers and
change parameters between runs.
• Icing on Rotating Components, with Natural Ice Shedding
– Cell zone and wall boundary rotation rates can now be specified in Fluent Icing to compute
ice accretion on rotating components in axial flows (propellers, helicopter rotors in hover,
engine fan and compressor stages, etc.)
– Ice shedding feature computes the stresses in the accreted ice and solves for delamination
and the crack propagation to determine mass of ice that shed from rotating components.
Accreted ice mass with time graph indicates losses in ice mass due to shedding. Additional
log and solution outputs are provided to show ice fragment data, largest shed ice piece,
etc. This method is designed for single-shot simulations.
• Nucleation in Vapor Transport
– The simplified nucleation model where humidity above saturation is assumed to have nuc-
leated is incorporated by default to the vapor transport model. This option has been enabled
by default on FENSAP-ICE side as well.
• CHT for Anti-icing (Beta)
– Fluent Icing now offers the steady-state hot-air anti-icing capability as a beta feature. Refer
to Fluent Beta Features Manual for more details.
• Discrete Phase Model (DPM) For Particle Impingement (Beta)
– Lagrangian particle tracking can now be used for ice accretion simulations using Fluent’s
DPM solver. Refer to Fluent Beta Features Manual for more details.
• Remeshing - Support for Disabled Walls
– Walls can be set as disabled for icing, which excludes them from ice accretion calculations
to save computational time. The remeshing algorithm is updated to account for this situation.
• Meshing Memory Improvement
– The Remeshing and Mesh Adaptation (beta) features now require less memory to operate.
The Meshing Memory Improvement (Beta) option introduced in the previous release has
been integrated and removed.
• Post-processing Improvements
– The integrated Post-Analysis module provides new capabilities to help with result post-
processing:
→ Case Comparison
→ Difference Fields
→ Display of Periodic Instances
→ LIC Settings (Line Integral Convolution)
→ Improved adjustment of location settings using interactive slider controls for:
• Cutting Planes
• Iso-Surfaces
→ Contextual menu in the Graphics window
– The mouse mapping options for Post-Analysis were moved to a separate section within the
Preferences panel, allowing you to configure specific mouse mapping options for the Fluent
and Post-Analysis Graphics windows.
– Batch mode improvements
→ The -cnf= Fluent command line is now supported as an argument of bin/icing.
→ If icing is launched in -N ( -gu ) or -g mode, the Fluent solver subprocess will be

launched in the same mode. (Linux only)
Fluent
Fluent Aero
Fluent Aero allows you to easily explore the aerodynamic performance of aircrafts under a wide
range of flight regimes, from subsonic to hypersonic conditions, all within a dedicated Fluent
Application Client environment. A streamlined workflow guides you through the creation of a
matrix of flight conditions or design points where single and multiple flight parameters, such as
angle of attack, mach number, altitude, etc., can vary. Most common models, solvers, and con-
vergence settings of Fluent are tuned using the latest best practices for external aerodynamic
problems and are available in Fluent Aero’s user interface. In this manner, simulations can be
conducted in a quick and user-friendly environment. The full capabilities of the Fluent Solution
workspace remain accessible when its session is displayed through Workspaces → Solution
within the Fluent Aero ribbon. Tutorials are available to provide examples on how to conduct
exploratory simulations using single and multiple flight parameters.
In this release, a broad range of features have been added and are described below.
• Automation and Scripting
– Full batch mode (command line execution with no user interface displayed) can now be
used to calculate all types of simulations, including those with multiple design points.
• Simulation Conditions
– Inlet turbulence conditions can now be defined as constant or custom per design point
from the Simulation Conditions step.
– Thermal wall conditions, including the ability to specify the Heat Flux or Temperature on
all Walls, can now be defined as Constant or Custom per design point from the Simulation
Conditions step.
• Airflow Physics
– An Airflow Physics step has been added to the Setup tree in the Outline View. In this step,
you can set the Solver Type and enable various physical models before setting up the
Simulation Conditions. These settings were part of the Solve step in previous releases;
they have been moved here to allow for a more linear and user-friendly workflow.
– When Beta Features are enabled under Preferences, Species Transport equations can
now be selected and constant 5 Species Mass Fractions can be specified. This enhances
accuracy of simulations at hypersonic flow ranges.
• Solve
– A Convergence Settings option has been added to the Solve step. This global setting in-
structs Fluent Aero on which type of Solve settings to use in its calculations. Convergence
Settings can be set to Default or Robust to use Fluent Aero’s fully automated default
solver settings for typical or more challenging external aero simulations, respectively. These
settings have been tuned to provide good convergence on a wide variety of cases from
subsonic to hypersonic flow ranges using the latest advancements of the DBNS solver of
Fluent. You can also set this option to Custom or Case settings to have more control over
the solver settings.
• Aerodynamic Extraction Tool (AET)
Updates Affecting Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 Code Behavior
– You can now easily calculate a wide range of design points using a 2.5D airfoil mesh
and the new Piecewise-Uniform distribution tool for specifying, which allows the
specification of different angle of attack increments. The aerodynamic performance of
this airfoil can then be exported to a file that is compatible with the Virtual Blade
Model (VBM) of Fluent. A tutorial on how to complete this workflow has been provided.
Fluent Materials Processing
Many of the powerful features of Ansys Polyflow are available directly in Ansys Fluent through
the Fluent Materials Processing workspace. The Fluent Materials Processing workspace is a means
to explore manufacturing applications such as polymer extrusion, blowmolding, fiber spinning,
etc. within the Fluent environment. New features in the workspace for this release include:
• The guiding device boundary zone and the conveyor belt model can be defined to assist in
profile extrusion.
• Physical foaming can now be modeled through material properties.
• Elastic solid cell zones can now be defined for fluid-structure interaction.
• Restrictors and moving parts cell zones and boundary zones are available and support the
simulation of extrusion, mixers and screw extruders
• Moving mold, fixed mold cell zones and boundary zones are available and support the simu-
lation of mold deformation.
• Viscoelastic models are now a released feature.
• Porous media are now a released feature.
• Temperature initialization can now be specified using a temperature profile.
• Line integral convolutions (LICs) can now be displayed over meshes and contours in the
graphics window.
See Fluent Materials Processing Workspace for more information.
2.3. Updates Affecting Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 Code Behavior

The following sections list the code changes in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1.
2.3.1. Meshing Mode
General
Launching Fluent
• For most cases, Fluent will now by default abort during startup if it is not completed within 10
minutes, in order to avoid wasting resources. For details on how to change the length of time
before aborting, see Aborting During Startup.
Fluent
2.3.1. Meshing Mode

This section contains a list of code changes implemented in the meshing mode of Ansys Fluent 2023
R1 that may cause behavior and/or output that is different from the previous release.
General Meshing Changes
• Improvements have been introduced in which the order of components in SCDM potentially
resulted in inconsistent face orientation in Fluent Meshing, leading to unexpected results. As
a result of the improvements, changes in the assignment of wall/wall-shadow zone pairs may
be reversed when compared to previous releases.
Meshing Workflows
• In the Watertight Geometry Meshing workflow, when a model includes periodicity (that is,
when there is a Set Up Periodic Boundaries task), performing a copy or translation transform-
ation with the Merge the cell and face zones? option set to no, the overlapping faces will
still be connected, whereas they were not connected in previous versions. The connected faces
are also renamed to include transformation-internals as with the case of setting the
Merge the cell and face zones? option to yes.
In addition, you should generally not end names with "_<number>" since this convention is
used elsewhere in Fluent to apply automatic renaming in some cases.
• In the Fault-tolerant Meshing workflow, reverting and editing the Describe Geometry and
Flow task is faster and improved.
– If you select Yes for the Add Local Refinement Regions? prompt, local refinement
face zones are retained (when you have selected the Offset Surface refinement type
in the Create Local Refinement Regions task).
– If you select No for the Add Local Refinement Regions? prompt, any existing unrefer-
enced face zones will be removed.
Mesh Generation
• When using the Rapid Octree mesher, if a mesh input object is selected in the graphical user
interface (GUI), its volumetric regions are no longer computed automatically. For more details
on the Rapid Octree mesher, see Generating Rapid Octree Meshes.

This section contains a list of code changes implemented in the solution mode of Ansys Fluent 2023
R1 that may cause behavior and/or results that are different from the previous release.
Meshing-to-Solver Transition
• When the mesh is uniformly distributed and the same number of nodes are used in both
meshing mode and solution mode, transitioning from meshing mode to solution mode has
been improved using a more efficient direct transfer method, as opposed to the previous
transfer method of using intermediate (or 'dump') data structures.
In previous releases, the direct transfer method was used only for t1 simulations and the
dump transfer method was used for t2 (and greater) simulations. In this release, the direct
transfer method is used by default for t2 (and greater) simulations. This will lead to a faster
switch between the meshing mode and solution mode. This change only applies to when the
mesh is uniformly distributed and the same number of nodes were used in both the meshing
mode and the solution mode. When this is not the case, the original transfer method is used.
Since the direct transfer method essentially reuses meshing mode nodes, faces, and cells in
the solver, and reuses meshing partitions in the solver, you may experience a difference in
partitions in the solver. To revert back to the previous behavior of mesh-to-solver transition,
you can use the following Scheme command in meshing mode prior to the transfer:
(set-mesh-transfer-params) yes yes
Solver-Meshing
• For cases that include anisotropic adaption using the polyhedral unstructured mesh adaption
(PUMA) method, note the following changes:
– The algorithm that marks cells for anisotropic refinement is improved, with the goal of in-
creasing the mesh quality of the resulting cells in some situations. This change ensures a
more consistent extension of refinement to columns of prismatic cells, which may have the
effect of improving the accuracy of the results and/or convergence behavior, as well as
slightly increasing the overall cell count. For more information about adaption, see Adapting
the Mesh.
– Anisotropic adaption is no longer permitted if you have enabled the encapsulation of child
cells of a refined parent within its respective partition in parallel. Such encapsulation was
enabled by default for cases created in Release 2022 R1 or earlier. You can disable this en-
capsulation to allow anisotropic adaption (and to improve the load balance of cells across
partitions) by entering the following text command: mesh/adapt/set/encapsulate-
children? no.
• When using one of the multiphase predefined adaption criteria to set up the mesh adaption
for a Volume of Fluid (VOF) simulation, the minimum cell orthogonal quality is now automat-
ically set to a higher threshold, in order to promote better quality. The minimum cell ortho-
gonal quality can be set using the following text command: mesh/adapt/set/minimum-
cell-quality. Enter 0.01 if you want to revert to the behavior of the previous release; or
enter 0.1 to take advantage of the new threshold for a case file created using a previous re-
lease. For more information about the multiphase predefined adaption criteria, see VOF Adap-
tion.
• When postprocessing the marking of cells for overset adaption (which can be performed only
if you have enabled the define/overset-interfaces/options/expert? text com-
mand), note that the cells for size adaption are now marked as mark0 (along with those for
orphan adaption and/or gap adaption) and the cells for coarsening are now marked as mark1.
(Using Manual Overset Adaption)
• For dynamic mesh cases that use the six degrees of freedom (six DOF) solver, implicit methods
are now used in the motion calculations for objects when the motion is defined using a user-
defined function (UDF). This ensures that such calculations are consistent with a case in which
the object's motion is instead defined using an equivalent set of properties (defined using the
Six DOF Properties dialog box, for example). For further information about using UDFs and
Fluent
sets of properties with the six DOF solver, see Setting Rigid Body Motion Attributes for the Six
DOF Solver and Rigid Body Motion.
Solver-Numerics
• The power law scheme for spatial discretization, which was deprecated in Release 2019 R3, is
now fully removed. This scheme can no longer be restored as a selectable option for the
convection-diffusion equations (such as the Momentum drop-down list in the Solution
Methods task page) by using the solve/set/advanced/show-all-discretization-
schemes or solve/set/expert text command. If you read a case file created in an earlier
release that used the power law scheme, the discretization scheme for the affected equation(s)
will automatically be switched to the default selection, as noted in the console. For further
details on discretization schemes, see Choosing the Spatial Discretization Scheme.
• For the pressure-based solver, the enhanced formulation for the skewness correction that
computes the pressure-correction gradient should now be more robust. It can now be enabled
for any segregated solver, and will now be used during the simulation when SIMPLEC or PISO
is selected for the pressure-velocity coupling scheme with one or more active skewness cor-
rection iterations. For details, see User Inputs.
• When using the global time step for the pseudo time method in the Solution Methods task
page, the startup for automatic time step method in the Run Calculation task page is now
improved, in order to increase robustness. If you do not want to take advantage of this increase
in robustness, you can undo the changes through the appropriate prompt in the following
text command: solve/set/previous-defaults/undo-2023r1-default-changes?
• When using the pressure-based solver, the accuracy of the Green-Gauss Node Based gradient
is now enhanced at any axis boundary. If you do not want to take advantage of this increase
in accuracy, you can undo the enhancements through the appropriate prompt in the following
text command: solve/set/previous-defaults/undo-2023r1-default-changes?
• For incompressible flows that use the pressure-based solver and include viscous heating or
pressure work and kinetic energy, the work calculated for a porous zone is now included in
the total energy equation, in order to ensure accurate results for the heat transfer calculations.
If you do not want to take advantage of this increase in accuracy, you can exclude the porous
work in the total energy equation through the appropriate prompt in the following text com-
mand: solve/set/previous-defaults/undo-2023r1-default-changes?
Cell Zones and Boundary Conditions
• The accuracy is now improved for simulations that use the Non-Equilibrium thermal model
for a porous zone, when the porous zone is adjacent to a solid zone that uses orthotropic
conductivity.
Heat Transfer/Radiation
• The solar load model is now improved, such that cases with a large number of cells will use
less memory compared to earlier releases. For more details about this model, see Solar Load
Model.
Turbomachinery
• For the mixing plane model, the band creation method at the interfaces has been changed
internally to improve solution accuracy and robustness. Due to this change it is expected that
in some cases, the number of mixing bands will differ from previous versions, and consequently
a slight difference in results is expected.
• When using General Turbo Interfaces, the reconstruction gradients and derivatives calculation
procedure at the control volumes straddling the interface has been adjusted internally to im-
prove solution accuracy and robustness. Due to this change, in some cases, a slight difference
in results is expected.
Reacting Flows
• The s_pollut argument has been removed from the DEFINE_PDF_TABLE user-defined
function (UDF). The existing DEFINE_PDF_TABLE UDFs must be updated accordingly.
Discrete Phase Model
• When displaying oil flow pathlines, Ansys Fluent now uses the high-resolution particle tracking
algorithm. The previous behavior can be recovered with the following scheme commands:
(rpsetvar 'dpm/subtet/use-high-res-oil-flow? #f)
(dpm-parameters-changed)
• For fully coupled DPM cases with the hybrid parallel tracking, a deterministic tracking order
is now enabled by default to avoid small flow variations between runs. Settings in existing
cases will be respected. See Parallel Processing for the Discrete Phase Model in the Fluent User's
Guide for details.
Multiphase Models
• For the Eulerian model, the following default settings are automatically applied when the
Boiling Model option is selected in the Multiphase Model dialog box:
Parameter Setting
Gravity Enabled
Surface Tension Coefficient 0.07 N/m
Drag Coefficient ishii
Lift Coefficient tomiyama
Secondary phase Diameter boiling-dia
Mass transfer Mechanism for primary-secondary phase pairs boiling
Heat Transfer Coefficient two-resistance
These settings are suitable for most cases.
Parallel Processing
• In previous releases, the Laplace smoothing method could be selected manually to repartition
the mesh for parallel processing, though such repartitioning typically had a high memory
overhead and took extra time. The Laplace smoothing method is now enabled by default for
Fluent
auto-partitioning for release 2023 R1, and is applied when the case file is read; this is beneficial
as such auto-partitioning does not have the memory or time disadvantages.
The Laplace smoothing method groups adjacent highly-stretched cells together before domain
partitioning. During partitioning, cells in the same group are always in the same partition. This
avoids partition interfaces passing through the highly-stretched cells, and improves convergence
significantly for cases with such highly-stretched cells. Note that auto-partitioning based on
Laplace smoothing requires the Laplace grouping information to be available in the case file.
If there is no such information available in the case file, Laplace smoothing will not be utilized
during the auto-partitioning process. In 2023 R1, Ansys Fluent will write the Laplace grouping
information into the case file, if needed. For case files created with older versions of Ansys
Fluent, auto-partitioning based on Laplace smoothing will not apply.
If you want to revert to the partitions of earlier releases (and thus not benefit from the conver-
gence improvements), you can enter one of the following text commands prior to reading the
mesh file or case file:
– To revert for the current and future sessions, enter: preferences/general/laplace-

auto-partition-default no.
– To revert for the current session, read in any mesh file or case file and then undo the en-
hancements to the auto-partition based on Laplace smoothing of high aspect ratio cells
through the appropriate prompt in the following text command: solve/set/previous-
defaults/undo-2023r1-default-changes?
Graphics, Reporting, and Postprocessing
• In previous releases it was possible to add color to a material when displaying the surface with
Uniform coloring, and specifying both a color and a material. Complete texture rendering was
missing while using this methodology and this approach is no longer supported. Instead, you
create a new material, such as red spray paint, using the Material Editor dialog box. See Cre-
ating Custom Realistic Materials in the Fluent User's Guide for additional information.
• The values shown on mouse-hover of Residual and Report Plot curves are no longer interpolated.
• The report/surface-integrals and report/volume-integrals text commands

are now commands, not menus. The implication of this change is that the relative path no
longer works. For example, a Release 2022 R1 the following was a valid script/journal:
report/surface-integrals
area 1 () no
area 2 () no
However, at Release 2023 R1, it must be updated to:

report/surface-integrals/area 1 () no
report/surface-integrals/area 2 () no
If this change is affecting your journals, contact your support representative for a conversion
tool that can automatically update your journal file to the proper format. Search the knowledge
resources for "surface volume integral report conversion 23.1".
Features To Be Removed in a Future Release

This section contains a list of code changes implemented in the client applications of Ansys Fluent
2023 R1 that may cause behavior and/or output that is different from the previous release.
2.4. Features To Be Removed in a Future Release

This section contains a list of features that are supported in Release 2023 R1, but will be removed in a
future release of Ansys Fluent. It is recommended that you begin to migrate any cases that use these
features at your earliest convenience.
Fluent as a Server Session Management
• Fluent as a Server
– This feature is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. You should instead
migrate to using PyFluent (https://fluent.docs.pyansys.com/).
Solution Mode
• Boundary Conditions
– When creating a periodic interface, note that the define/boundary-condi-

tions/modify-zones/make-periodic and mesh/modify-zones/make-
periodic text commands are now deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
It is recommended that you use one of the following text commands instead:
define/boundary-conditions/modify-zones/create-periodic-interface
or mesh/modify-zones/create-periodic-interface.
• Discrete Phase Model
– The Cloud model is now hidden and will be removed in a future release. Access to this
model can be provided upon request.
Chapter 3: Resolved Issues and Limitations in Ansys
Fluent 2023 R1
For lists of issues that have been resolved in the meshing mode and solution mode of Ansys Fluent
2023 R1, see the Resolved Issues and Limitations document.
Chapter 4: New Limitations in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1
For lists of new or recently discovered limitations known to exist in the meshing mode and solution
mode of Ansys Fluent 2023 R1, see the Known Issues and Limitations document.
Chapter 5: Text Command Changes in Ansys Fluent
2023 R1
The following sections list the text command changes in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1.
5.1. Meshing Mode
5.2. Solution Mode
5.1. Meshing Mode

Changes to each of the text command menus are listed. Note that a modified text command may have
new, revised, and/or removed prompts, while a new text command is one that did not exist in previous
releases of the meshing mode of Ansys Fluent.
diagnostics/
manage-summary (Changed)
An additional prompt has been added to check for isolated cells
mesh/rapid-octree/
boundary-layer-mesh-configuration/ (New)
Enters the boundary layer mesh configuration menu, which provides text commands for managing
the dividing of the isotropic layer at a boundary zone into multiple anisotropic prismatic layers
during the mesh creation. This text command menu is only available when 0 (Projection)
is selected through the /mesh/rapid-octree/boundary-treatment text command.
mesh/rapid-octree/boundary-layer-mesh-configuration/
add (New)
Adds a definition for the creation of multiple anisotropic prismatic layers at one or more
boundary zones during the mesh creation.
delete (New)
Deletes a single definition for the creation of multiple anisotropic prismatic layers during the
mesh creation.
Text Command Changes in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1
delete-all (New)
Deletes all of the definitions for the creation of multiple anisotropic prismatic layers during the
mesh creation.
edit (New)
Edits a definition for the creation of multiple anisotropic prismatic layers during the mesh creation.
list (New)
Lists the settings for all of the definitions for the creation of multiple anisotropic prismatic layers
during the mesh creation.
mesh/rapid-octree/
boundary-mesh-optimization? (New)
Enables boundary mesh optimization, in order to specify that the cells in the layer adjacent to
boundary zones are optimized in terms of orthogonal quality at the time of meshing. This text
command menu is only available when 0 (Projection) is selected through the
/mesh/rapid-octree/boundary-treatment text command.
mesh/rapid-octree/
delete-poor-quality-cells (New)
Deletes all cells that have an Inverse Orthogonal Quality that is worse than 0.99. When a cell is
deleted, new face zones of type symmetry are created for the adjacent cells on the faces that
were shared with the deleted cell. This text command should be used with care in order to
avoid unwanted effects during the solution (such as solution errors due to bad geometry rep-
resentation, or even solver divergence). It is only recommended when over 500 bad cells have
been produced due to an attempt to improve the geometry resolution or the creation of a
boundary layer mesh (see Improve Geometry Resolution or Boundary Layer Mesh in the Fluent
User's Guide, respectively).
mesh/rapid-octree/
flow-volume (Changed)
A new option (5) is now available that allows you to generate disconnected cell zones (based
on all of the existing volumetric regions) by selecting material points within the various regions.
Meshing Mode
mesh/rapid-octree/
improve-geometry-resolution? (New)
Enables an option that improves the geometry resolution, by applying an iterative projection
of boundary faces onto the geometry, with the goal of minimizing the distance of the boundary
face centroid to the geometry. This “face projection” is then internally iterated with mesh
smoothing steps to improve the cell quality. This option is only used when 0 (Projection)
is selected through the /mesh/rapid-octree/boundary-treatment text command.
mesh/rapid-octree/mesh-sizing/
add-surface-sizing (Changed)
New prompts are now included that allow you to specify local feature angle refinement settings
as part of the size function definition.
mesh/rapid-octree/mesh-sizing/
change-surface-sizing (Changed)
New prompts are now included that allow you to change local feature angle refinement settings
for the size function definition.
mesh/scoped-prisms/
poly-keep-nlayer-prism-characteristics (New)
Sets the number of layers to maintain poly-prism characteristics.
mesh/separate/
separate-prisms-from-hex (New)
Separates the hex-prism cells from the hex cells within your mesh. Available only when the
report/enhanced-orthogonal-quality? flag is set to yes, and is only supported for
the .h5 format.
mesh/separate/
separate-wedge-prisms (New)
Separates the wedge-prism cells from the cell zone within your mesh. Available only when the
report/enhanced-orthogonal-quality? flag is set to yes, and is only supported for
the .h5 format.
preferences/general/
laplace-auto-partition-default (New)
Enable/disable the use of Laplace smoothing to group highly-stretched cells while auto-parti-
tioning, in order to enhance convergence for parallel processing.
5.2. Solution Mode

Changes to each of the text command menus are listed. Note that a modified text command may have
new, revised, and/or removed prompts, while a new text command is one that did not exist in previous
releases of Fluent.
adjoint/design-tool/design-change/
select-constraint-method (New)
Specifies the constraint method as standard or enhanced.
adjoint/
geometry/ (New)
Menu for design change exploration.
adjoint/geometry/
parameterize-and-explore/ (New)
Enters the menu for geometry parameterization.
adjoint/geometry/parameterize-and-explore/
design-change/ (New)
Defines the settings for the design change.
adjoint/geometry/parameterize-and-explore/design-change/
calculate-design-change (New)
Computes the optimal design change.
check (New)
Prints a report in the console that summarizes the control points defined for the region, the
defined constraining and/or deformation conditions, and any possible conflicts between multiple
constraints / deformations applied on a single node.
display-applied-conditions (New)
Displays all of the applied conditions in the graphics window, each type in a unique color. Note
that this includes the selected design conditions, as well as the fixed conditions applied to zones
that are not selected for deformation.
Solution Mode
export-displacements (New)
Exports the computed optimal displacements.
export-stl (New)
Exports specified surfaces from 3D cases as an .stl file.
mesh-history/ (New)
Provides text commands that allow you to compare the current mesh to a reference mesh.
adjoint/geometry/parameterize-and-explore/design-change/mesh-history/
export-displacements (New)
Exports the displacements of nodes in selected surfaces with respect to their earlier position in
a reference mesh.
overlay-reference-mesh (New)
Displays in the graphics window how selected surfaces of the mesh have changed compared
to a reference mesh (reference mesh in green, modified mesh in white).
set-reference-mesh (New)
Sets the current mesh as the reference mesh, which can then be compared to later modified
versions of the mesh.
modify-mesh (New)
Applies the computed optimal displacement to the mesh.
preview-mesh (New)
Displays the planned changes in the graphics window for select surfaces (undeformed in white,
deformed in green).
remesh (New)
Remeshes the geometry after mesh modification.
revert-mesh (New)
Reverts (rejects) the last mesh modification.
select-conditions (New)
Selects which conditions to apply to the mesh deformation.
design-conditions/ (New)
Creates, deletes, displays (with various options), renames, and/or sets conditions on the geometry
deformation.
numerics (New)
Adjusts numerics settings for computing the optimal displacement.
region/ (New)
Menu to define the deformation region.
adjoint/geometry/parameterize-and-explore/region/
cartesian-limits (New)
Directly specifies the bounds of the Cartesian deformation region.
get-bounds (New)
Sets the limits for the deformation region to encompass a list of selected surfaces.
larger-box (New)
Uniformly increases the size of the deformation region.
Solution Mode
set-region-type (New)
Specifies whether the deformation region is either a Cartesian or cylindrical region type.
smaller-box (New)
Uniformly decreases the size of the deformation region.
adjoint/optimizer/calculation-activities/execute-commands/
copy (New)
Copy an existing command to be executed during the adjoint optimization.
delete (New)
Deletes an existing command.
export (New)
Designates the name and location for the tab separated value (TSV)file that will contain your
exported command(s).
import (New)
Designates the name and location for the tab separated value (TSV)file that will contain your
imported command(s) to be executed during the adjoint optimization.
define/boundary-conditions/
fluid (Changed)
New prompts have been added for using a curvilinear coordinate system to specify a porous
zone.
define/boundary-conditions/modify-zones/
create-periodic-interface (Changed)
If you enter conformal for the periodic interface method when using this text command, an
additional Auto detect offset? prompt is now included at a later point as part of the
setup, so that you can decide if you want to define the offset manually (like you can when using
the auto or non-conformal periodic interface method).
define/boundary-conditions/
wall (Changed)
• New discrete phase BC type, reinject, has been added for modeling particle reintro-
duction into the domain in unsteady tracking simulations.
• For transient species transport with wall surface reactions, new prompts appear to set
the initial deposition thickness and solid species density. The specified values will be
used for postprocessing purposes only.
define/dynamic-mesh/controls/remeshing-parameters/sizing-controls/
add (Changed)
A new interval setting is available for this text command, which allows you to specify the
interval (in time steps) at which the evaluation of the sizing of the cells that result from the
sizing control definition is updated.
edit (Changed)
A new interval setting is available for this text command, which allows you to specify the
interval (in time steps) at which the evaluation of the sizing of the cells that result from the
sizing control definition is updated.
list-properties (Changed)
This text command now prints the new Interval setting, and the other setting names that
are printed are now updated to match their names in the text commands used to add or edit
the sizing controls.
define/dynamic-mesh/controls/smoothing-parameters/
relative-convergence-tolerance (Changed)
This text command is now available if you have selected radial basis function smoothing.
smooth-from-reference-position? (Changed)
This text command is now available if you have selected radial basis function smoothing.
verbosity (Changed)
This text command is now available if you have selected radial basis function smoothing, and
with this method it can be used to ensure that the absolute tolerance computed (based on your
specified relative tolerance) is printed to the console during the calculation.
Solution Mode
define/models/battery-model/battery-rom-tool-kit/
lti-rom-generation (New)
Sets up the LTI-ROM generation tool.
define/models/battery-model/
include-entropic-heat? (New)
Includes entropic heat in the heat source calculation and sets the entropic heat definition
method. See Including the Entropic Heat Effects in the Fluent User's Guide for details.
define/models/battery-model/
parameter-estimation-tool (Changed)
Prompts for specifying testing data have been simplified. Prompts for numbers of temperature
levels and discharging curves have been removed. File names can now use the "*" and "?"
wildcards.
define/models/dpm/injections/
create-injection (Changed)
You will now be prompted only for relevant point properties. Journal files created prior to Ansys
Fluent Release 2023 R1 can still be used by setting TUI version to a prior version using the
file/set-tui-version text command.
define/models/dpm/injections/injection-properties/set/general-settings/
particle-reinjection/ (New)
Enters the menu for setting particle reinjection options. This item is available for unsteady
particle tracking only.
define/models/dpm/injections/injection-properties/set/general-set-
tings/particle-reinjection/
reinjection-time-delay (New)
Specifies a time delay for particle reinjection, thus accounting for a residence time of the particle
outside the CFD mesh domain. This item is available only when the use-inj-for-reinjec-
tion? text option or the Reinjection Only GUI option is enabled.
define/models/dpm/injections/injection-properties/set/general-set-
tings/particle-reinjection/
use-inj-for-reinjection? (New)
Specifies whether the injection is used only for reinjecting particles.
define/models/dpm/injections/injection-properties/set/location/spatial-stag-
gering/
stagger-in-injection-plane? (New)
Enables/disables spatial staggering of the hollow cone injection in the injection plane. This option
is available only if a hollow cone injection has been selected using define/injections/prop-
erties/set/pick-injections-to-set.
define/models/dpm/injections/injection-properties/set/
point-properties/ (Changed)
A new command, dispersion-angle, has been added for hollow cone injections.
define/models/dpm/injections/
set-injection-properties (Changed)
You will now be prompted only for relevant point properties. Journal files created prior to Ansys
Fluent Release 2023 R1 can still be used by setting TUI version to a prior version using the
file/set-tui-version text command.
define/models/dpm/interaction/
ddpm-enhanced-inter-phase-exchange? (New)
Enables/disables the enhanced Eulerian inter-phase exchange. This option is available only for
cases with the energy equation enabled and is recommended for simulations with poly-dispersed
particles.
define/models/dpm/options/
convective-film-heat-transfer? (New)
Enables/disables the convective wall-film heat transfer model. See Film Boiling Model with
Convective Heat Transfer Model in the Fluent Theory Guide for more information about this
model.
define/models/dpm/options/
set-minimumparticle- diameter (New)
Sets the minimum particle diameter permitted during tracking. By default, Ansys Fluent limits
the smallest particle diameter to 10 nm. Evaporating and reacting particles that are smaller than
this limit will be removed. If inert particles are injected with diameters below this limit, the results
may be inaccurate. When tracking smaller particles, you can use this text command to reduce
the minimum particle diameter.
define/models/dpm/spray-model/
madabhushi-model (Changed)
New prompts have been added for controlling the breakup child generation.
Solution Mode
define/models/dpm/spray-model/
schmehl-model (Changed)
New prompts have been added for controlling the breakup child generation.
define/models/
electrolysis-setup/ (New)
Enter the electrolysis model setup menu. This item is only available if the electrolysis model is
enabled using the define/models/potential-and-li-ion-battery? text command.
define/models/electrolysis-setup/
anode-setup/ (New)
Enter the anode setup menu.
define/models/electrolysis-setup/anode-setup/
catalyst-layer (New)
Specifies the settings for the catalyst layer.
current-collector (New)
Specifies the settings for current collector.
flow-channel (New)
Specifies the settings for the flow channel.
porous-layer (New)
Specifies the settings for the porous-layer.
cathode-setup/ (New)
Enter the cathode setup menu.
define/models/electrolysis-setup/cathode-setup/
catalyst-layer (New)
Specifies the settings for the catalyst layer.
current-collector (New)
Specifies the settings for current collector.
flow-channel (New)
Specifies the settings for the flow channel.
porous-layer (New)
Specifies the settings for the porous-layer.
electrical-tabs-setup (New)
Sets anode and cathode external contacts where electrical potential boundary conditions are
applied.
define/models/electrolysis-setup/membrane-setup/
electrolyte (New)
Specifies the electrolyte/membrane settings.
model-options (New)
Sets the electrolysis model options.
model-parameters (New)
Sets the electrolysis model parameters.
define/models/eulerian-wallfilm/
enable-film-vof-transition-message (New)
Enables/disables messages showing the Film/VOF transition criteria on the selected film walls.
This command is available only when the Film/VOF Transition & Criteria has been enabled in
the Wall dialog box (VOF Interaction tab).
Solution Mode
define/models/eulerian-wallfilm/
model-options (Changed)
New prompts for enabling the solution of the momentum equation and inclusion of its terms
have been added.
define/models/multiphase/flow-regime-modeling/
aiad-parameters/ (New)
Enters the menu for setting the AIAD parameters. This item is available only when the flow regime
modeling is enabled.
define/models/multiphase/flow-regime-modeling/aiad-parameters/
critical-vf (New)
Specifies the critical volume fraction of either gas or liquid for calculating the blending factors
for the bubbly and droplet flows ( and in Equation 14.178 in the Fluent Theory Guide).
delta-grad (New)
Specifies the critical gradient fraction for determining the intermediate transition width for the
free surface blending factor ( in Equation 14.183 in the Fluent Theory Guide).
delta-vf (New)
Specifies the volume fraction width for the intermediate transition ( in Equation 14.178 in the
Fluent Theory Guide).
ncells-fs (New)
Specifies the cell number across the interface for determining the interfacial width for free surface
flow ( in Equation 14.182 in the Fluent Theory Guide).
define/models/multiphase/flow-regime-modeling/
enable? (New)
Enables/disables the flow regime modeling.
define/models/multiphase/
hybrid-models/ (New)
Enters the menu for selecting the hybrid model.
define/models/multiphase/hybrid-models/
ddpm? (New)
Enables/disables the dense discrete phase model.
define/models/multiphase/hybrid-models/
multi-fluid-vof? (New)
Enables/disables the multi-fluid VOF model.
sub-models/ (New)
Enters the sub-model menu.
define/models/multiphase/sub-models/
boiling? (New)
Enables/disables the boiling model.
define/models/multiphase/sub-models/
boiling-options/ (New)
Enters the boiling model options menu.
define/models/multiphase/sub-models/boiling-options/
nlbf-model (New)
Enables/disables the non-local boundary field (NLBF) model.
define/models/multiphase/sub-models/boiling-options/
options (New)
Allows you to choose the boiling model option (RPI boiling model, non-equilibrium boiling, or
critical heat flux).
volume-fraction-parameters/ (New)
Enters the menu for setting the volume fraction parameters.
define/models/multiphase/volume-fraction-parameters/
courant-number (New)
Specifies the maximum Courant number allowed near the free surface. This item is available
with the explicit formulation for the volume fraction.
Solution Mode
formulation (New)
Allows you to choose the volume tracking formulation (implicit or explicit).
volume-fraction-cutoff (New)
Specifies a cutoff limit for the volume fraction values. This item is available with the explicit
formulation for the volume fraction.
define/models/multiphase/wet-steam/set/
zonal-phase-change (New)
Switches off the phase change model in specific cell zones.
define/models/pemfc/anode-setup/
porous-electrode (Changed)
A new prompt for setting the pore size has been added.
define/models/pemfc/cathode-setup/
porous-electrode (Changed)
A new prompt for setting the pore size has been added.
define/models/pemfc/
A new prompt for enabling the Knudsen diffusion has been added.
define/models/
potential-and-li-ion-battery? (Changed)
New prompt for enabling the electrolysis model has been added.
define/models/resolved-MEA-fuelcells/
A new prompt for enabling the Knudsen diffusion has been added.
define/models/sofc-model/
electrochemistry (Changed)
New prompts have been introduced to set the temperature dependent exchange current
density at the anode side.
define/models/structure/expert/
starting-t-re-initialization? (New)
Re-assigns the starting temperature as a temperature field from a previous calculation, then re-
initializes the new starting temperature field.
define/operating-conditions/
gravity-mrf-rotation (Deleted)
This text command is removed and replaced by define/operating-conditions/grav-

ity-mrf-behavior. Existing script and journal files can still run and do not require modific-
ation.
define/overset-interfaces/adapt/set/
anisotropic? (New)
Enables/disables the option to use anisotropic refinement for the cells adapted as part of overset
orphan adaption and/or overset gap adaption. Instead of being isotropically refined, these cells
will not be split on particular edges, in order to reduce the resulting cell count. This anisotropic
adaption option is available only for 3D cases and is applied only to prismatic cells that are
deemed suitable. For orphan adaption, the goal is to produce cells that have a lower aspect
ratio; for gap adaption, the goal is to produce a mesh resolution that is suitable for boundary
layers near walls.
gap-resolution (New)
Sets the target (minimum) gap resolution used when marking cells for gap adaption. This is set
to 4 by default and is only available when define/overset-interfaces/ad-
apt/set/mark-gaps? is enabled.
length-ratio-max (Changed)
This text command is now only available when define/overset-interfaces/ad-

apt/set/mark-size? is enabled.
mark-fixed-orphans? (Changed)
This text command is now only available when define/overset-interfaces/ad-

apt/set/mark-orphans? is enabled.
Solution Mode
mark-gaps? (New)
Enables/disables the option to adapt under-resolved gaps in order to prevent the creation of
orphan cells. This option is disabled by default.
define/turbo-model/general-turbo-interface-settings/expert/
enfore-flux-scaling? (New)
Scales fluxes across interfaces to improve conservation.
define/turbo-model/general-turbo-interface-settings/expert/
list-settings (New)
Lists flux scaling settings for all defined General Turbo Interfaces.
display/
define/ (New)
Enter the menu for defining displays.
display/define/
material/ (New)
Enter the menu for defining materials for realistic display.
display/define/material/
copy (New)
Create a new material for realistic display by copying the properties of an existing material.
create (New)
Create a new material for realistic display.The properties you can control include: name, the mater-
ial whose properties are being copied, base color, emissive color, glossiness, reflectivity, name, spec-
ular color, transparency.
delete (New)
Delete a previously-defined material. Only user-defined materials may be deleted.
edit (New)
Edit the properties of a previously-defined material. Only user-defined materials may be edited.The
properties you can control include: name, the material whose properties are being copied, base color,
emissive color, glossiness, reflectivity, name, specular color, transparency.
display/set/colors/by-surface/
use-inherent-material-color? (Deleted)
Instead of modifying an existing realistic material with a color, you much change a material's
color by creating a new material using the display/define/material/ commands.
display/set/colors/by-type/
use-inherent-material-color? (Deleted)
Instead of modifying an existing realistic material with a color, you much change a material's
color by creating a new material using the display/define/material/ commands.
mesh/adapt/manage-criteria/
add (Changed)
This text command now includes a new skip-until setting, which allows you to define the
iteration / time step when automatic adaption is allowed to begin, in case you want one or
more of the initial instances of adaption to be skipped for the automatic adaption criterion you
are adding.
delete (Changed)
This text command can now be used to delete a criterion for automatic overset adaption.
edit (Changed)
This text command now includes a new skip-until setting, which allows you to define the
iteration / time step when automatic adaption is allowed to begin, in case you want one or
more of the initial instances of adaption to be skipped for the automatic adaption criterion you
are editing. This text command can also now be used to edit a criterion for automatic overset
adaption.
list-properties (Changed)
This text command now lists the new skip-until setting, which defines the iteration / time
step when automatic adaption is allowed to begin for a given automatic adaption criterion.
Solution Mode
mesh/adapt/predefined-criteria/aerodynamics/error-based/
pressure-hessian-indicator (Changed)
This text command now sets the new skip-until setting to 2 by default, so that the initial
instance of automatic adaption is skipped for a criterion created by this text command.
mesh/adapt/predefined-criteria/
overset (New)
Creates adaption settings suitable for the automatic adaption of overset meshes during the
calculation, to remove orphans, reduce size mismatches between donor and receptor cells,
and/or increase the mesh resolution in gaps as needed (in order to prevent the creation of
orphan cells). For 3D cases, anisotropic refinement is used by default for suitable prismatic cells
adapted as part of overset orphan adaption and/or overset gap adaption, in order to produce
cells that have a lower aspect ratio and/or a mesh resolution that is suitable for boundary layers
near walls, respectively.
mesh/modify-zones/
create-periodic-interface (Changed)
If you enter conformal for the periodic interface method when using this text command, an
additional Auto detect offset? prompt is now included at a later point as part of the
setup, so that you can decide if you want to define the offset manually (like you can when using
the auto or non-conformal periodic interface method).
parametric-study/
delete-study (Deleted)
This command has been relocated as part of an overall architectural redesign of the text user
interface.
parametric-study/
duplicate-study (Deleted)
interface.
parametric-study/
export-design-table (Deleted)
interface.
parametric-study/
import-design-table (Deleted)
interface.
parametric-study/
list-studies (Deleted)
interface.
parametric-study/
rename-study (Deleted)
interface.
parametric-study/
set-as-current-study (Deleted)
interface.
parametric-study/
use-base-data (Deleted)
interface.
parametric-study/design-points/
abort-all-concurrent-design-point-updates (Deleted)
interface.
abort-concurrent-design-point-update (Deleted)
interface.
add-design-point (Deleted)
interface.
Solution Mode
clear-generated-data (Deleted)
interface.
delete-design-point (Deleted)
interface.
duplicate-design-point (Deleted)
interface.
get-capture-simulation-report-data (Deleted)
interface.
get-current-design-point (Deleted)
interface.
get-input-parameters-of-dp (Deleted)
interface.
get-output-parameters-of-dp (Deleted)
interface.
get-write-data (Deleted)
interface.
refresh-status (Deleted)
interface.
save-journals (Deleted)
interface.
set-as-current (Deleted)
interface.
set-capture-simulation-report-data (Deleted)
interface.
set-input-parameters-of-dp (Deleted)
interface.
set-write-data (Deleted)
interface.
parametric-study/update/
get-number-of-concurrent-dps (Deleted)
interface.
get-number-of-cores-per-dp (Deleted)
interface.
Solution Mode
get-update-method (Deleted)
interface.
set-number-of-concurrent-dps (Deleted)
interface.
set-number-of-cores-per-dp (Deleted)
interface.
parametric-study/
study/ (New)
Enter the study menu for a parametric analysis. If a parametric study has yet to be defined, then
only the initialize text command is available. Once a study is initialized, then additional
parametric commands become available to use.
parametric-study/study/
delete (New)
Removes a specified parametric study.
duplicate (New)
Creates a copy of a specified parametric study.
initialize (New)
Initializes and starts the parametric study using the current case and/or data files to set up the
supporting files and structures for the associated parametric project.
list (New)
Prints a listing of the available studies.
rename (New)
Allows you to assign a new name for a specified study.
set-as-current (New)
Allows you to set a specified study as the "current" study.
use-base-data (New)
Assigns the data of a specified study to use the data from the base case of the original study.
add (New)
Adds the design point to the parametric study.
auto-create/ (New)
Enters the auto-create menu for automatically creating and adding design points to your para-
metric study.
parametric-study/design-points/auto-create/
create-design-points (New)
Creates design points based on your settings. Choose from a list of sampling types, specify the
number of samples, whether or not you want to remove existing design points, as well as upper
and lower limits for your input parameters.
parametric-study/design-points/auto-create/
list-current-settings (New)
clear-data-and-edit-values (New)
Removes the data of a designated design point, allowing you to reset the design point and
enter new information.
delete (New)
Removes the design point from the parametric study.
Solution Mode
duplicate (New)
Creates a copy of a specified design point.
print-to-console/ (New)
Enters the print-to-console menu for the design points of your parametric study.
parametric-study/design-points/print-to-console/
capture-simulation-report-data (New)
Prints the value for the Capture Simulation Report Data setting for the design point, where
this field determines whether or not design point data is captured for the simulation report.
current-dp (New)
Prints the "current" design point.
input-parameters-of-dp (New)
Prints the value(s) for the input parameters of a design point.
output-parameters-of-dp (New)
Prints the value(s) for the output parameters of a design point.
status-of-all-dps (New)
Prints the status for all design points in the study.
status-of-dp (New)
Prints the status for the current design point in the study.
write-data (New)
Prints the value for the Write Data setting for the design point (where the Write Data field
determines how a design point writes its data upon update).
save-journals (New)
Allows you to save the journal files for all design points that are currently in a "Needs Update"
state.
set/ (New)
Enter the set menu for the design points of your parametric study.
parametric-study/design-points/set/
capture-simulation-report-data (New)
Sets the value for the Capture Simulation Report Data setting for the design point, where this
field determines whether or not design point data is captured for the simulation report.
current-dp (New)
Sets the designated design point to be "current."
input-parameters-of-dp (New)
Sets the value(s) of the input parameters for a design point.
write-data (New)
Sets the value for the Write Data setting for the design point (where the Write Data field de-
termines how a design point writes its data upon update).
table/ (New)
Enter the table menu for the design points of your parametric study.
parametric-study/design-points/table/
export-design-table (New)
Export the contents of your design point table to an external .csv file.
Solution Mode
parametric-study/design-points/table/
import-design-table (New)
Import the contents for your design point table from an external .csv file.
concurrent/ (New)
Enter the concurrent menu for updating your parametric study.
parametric-study/update/concurrent/
delete-endpoint (New)
Removes the end point of the concurrent update of all design points.
licensing/ (New)
Enter the licensing menu for concurrently updating the parametric study.
parametric-study/update/concurrent/licensing/
Enter the print-to-console licensing menu for updating parametric studies using concurrent
design points.
parametric-study/update/concurrent/licensing/print-to-console/
license-type (New)
Prints the current license type.
optislang-license-count (New)
Prints the number of optiSLang licenses.
optislang-license-type (New)
Prints the type optiSLang license.
parametric-study/update/concurrent/licensing/
set/ (New)
Enter the settings menu for licensing options when updating your concurrent parametric study.
parametric-study/update/concurrent/licensing/set/
license-type (New)
Sets the license type for the concurrent parametric study. Choices include "Solver License"
or "HPC Parametric".
optislang-license-count (New)
Sets the number of optiSLang licenses.
optislang-license-type (New)
Sets the type of optiSLang license. Choices include "None", "Premium", or "Enterprise".
Using "None" initiates standard HPC parametric licensing.
Enter the print-to-console menu for updating parametric studies using concurrent design points.
parametric-study/update/concurrent/print-to-console/
current-endpoint (New)
Prints the input URL as the current submission endpoint.
current-queue (New)
Prints the queue on which the design points will be updated.
number-of-concurrent-dps (New)
Prints the number of concurrent design points to update.
number-of-cores-per-dp (New)
Prints the number of cores to allocate for each design point run.
register-new-endpoint (New)
Registers a new end point for parametric studies using concurrent design points.
Solution Mode
set/ (New)
Enter the settings menu for parametric studies using concurrent design points.
parametric-study/update/concurrent/set/
current-endpoint (New)
Sets the input URL as the current submission endpoint.
current-queue (New)
Sets the queue on which the design points will be updated.
number-of-concurrent-dps (New)
Sets the number of concurrent design points to update.
number-of-cores-per-dp (New)
Sets the number of cores to allocate for each design point run.
print-update-method (New)
Prints the method used for updating the study.
preferences/general/
laplace-auto-partition-default (New)
Enable/disable the use of Laplace smoothing to group highly-stretched cells while auto-parti-
tioning, in order to enhance convergence for parallel processing.
report/
simulation-reports/ (New)
Enters the simulation reports menu.
report/simulation-reports/
delete-simulation-report (New)
Removes an existing simulation report. You are prompted to provide the name of the existing
report that you wish to delete.
duplicate-simulation-report (New)
Creates a copy of a specified simulation report. You are prompted to provide the name of the
existing report that you wish to copy.
export-simulation-report-as-html (New)
Writes the simulation report to an HTML file. Specify the name of the existing report, as well as
the name of the file and the output directory for the HTML report.
export-simulation-report-as-pdf (New)
Writes the simulation report to a PDF file. Specify the name of the existing report, as well as the
name of the file and the output directory for the PDF report.
generate-simulation-report (New)
Creates a simulation report based on default settings or your own custom simulation report
settings. Once you provide a name for the report, the report is generated, while a progress bar
indicates the status of the report generation. When the report is completely generated, it is
displayed in its own tab of the Fluent interface.
list-simulation-reports (New)
Prints a list of the generated reports for the current case into the console.
parametric-study/ (New)
Enters the parametric study menu for generating simulation reports.
read-simulation-report-template-file (New)
Opens and reads a template file that contains customized settings for a simulation report.
rename-simulation-report (New)
Allows you to present another name for a selected simulation report. You are prompted to
provide the name of the existing report, as well as the new name for the report.
Solution Mode
reset-report-to-defaults (New)
Resets all property settings to default values. You are prompted to provide the name of the
existing report for which you wish to reset the default values.
view-simulation-report (New)
Displays the simulation report in the user interface. You are prompted to provide the name of
the existing report that you wish to view in the Fluent interface.
write-simulation-report-names-to-file (New)
Creates a text file that contains a list of the generated report names for the current case. You
are prompted for the file name and the desired path. By default, the current working directory
is used and the default name for the text file is simulation-reports.txt.
write-simulation-report-template-file (New)
Creates a file that contains a template of customized settings for a simulation report.
report/
surface-integrals (Changed)
Creates a surface integral report. Previously, surface-integrals/ was a menu with the
commands being the type of surface integral reports that you can create.
report/
volume-integrals (Changed)
Creates a volume integral report. Previously, volume-integrals/ was a menu with the
commands being the type of volume integral reports that you can create.
solve/animate/playback/video/
format (Changed)
The FLV video format option is removed as it is no longer supported.
solve/execute-commands
add-edit (Changed)
There is an additional prompt when you respond yes to Execute command only once?.
The new prompt asks Execute at end?. Responding no to the new prompt allows you to
specify iteration, time-step, or flow-time, as you did in previous releases.
For example, at 2022 R2 the following: /solve/execute-commands/add-edit command-

1 yes flow-time 0.4 example-command would need to be updated to: /solve/ex-
ecute-commands/add-edit command-1 yes no flow-time 0.4 example-com-
mand for 2023 R1.
solve/set/advanced/
anisotropic-heat-flux (Deleted)
This text command is removed and replaced by solve/set/advanced/anisotropic-

solid-heat-transfer/flux. Note that the default and high-anisotropy-flux
methods in the old text command are now named standard and stabilized-implicit
in the new text command, respectively, and a new selection named boundary-stabilized-
implicit is available (and is now the default in Linux).
solve/set/advanced/
anisotropic-solid-heat-transfer/ (New)
Enters the anisotropic solid heat transfer menu, which provides a text command that affects
the calculations in anisotropic solid zones. This text command menu is only available when using
the pressure-based solver with the energy equation enabled and a solid zone with an anisotropic
option (other than biaxial) selected for the thermal conductivity.
solve/set/advanced/anisotropic-solid-heat-transfer/
flux (New)
Allows you to select the method for calculating the heat flux in anisotropic solid zones. The
boundary-stabilized-implicit method provides stability and robustness for many
cases that have a solid cell zone defined with highly anisotropic thermal conductivity properties
(that is, a conductivity in one direction that is more than 100 times the value in another direction),
though it may moderately increase the number of iterations / time steps needed for convergence;
this method is now the default in Linux. The stabilized-implicit method provides the
greatest robustness and slowest convergence rate. The standard method provides the least
robustness and fastest convergence rate; this method is the default for Windows. This text
command is only available when using the pressure-based solver with the energy equation en-
abled and a solid zone with an anisotropic option (other than biaxial) selected for the thermal
conductivity.
solve/set/advanced/
show-all-discretization-schemes (Changed)
This text command no longer restores the power law scheme as a selectable option.
solve/set/advanced/
skewness-correction-enhanced (Changed)
The enhanced formulation for the skewness correction should now be more robust. This text
command is now available when any segregated solver is selected, and is now used when
Solution Mode
SIMPLEC or PISO is selected for the pressure-velocity coupling scheme with one or more active
skewness correction iterations.
solve/set/
expert (Changed)
Answering yes to the Allow selection of all applicable discretization

schemes? prompt of this text command no longer restores the power law scheme as a selectable
option.
solve/set/multiphase-numerics/porous-media/
capillary-pressure-as-diffusion? (New)
Allows you to model capillary pressure as diffusion. See Modeling Capillary Pressure as Diffusion
in the Fluent User's Guide for more information.
solve/set/poor-mesh-numerics/
user-defined-on-register-auto/ (New)
Provides text commands to manage automatic marking of cells from a register at a specified
interval for poor mesh numerics treatment.
solve/set/poor-mesh-numerics/user-defined-on-register-auto/
list-properties (New)
Prints the settings for the automatic marking of cells from a register for poor mesh numerics
treatment in the console.
solve/set/poor-mesh-numerics/user-defined-on-register-auto/
set/ (New)
Provides settings for defining the automatic marking of cells from a register at a specified interval
for poor mesh numerics treatment.
solve/set/poor-mesh-numerics/user-defined-on-register-auto/set/
active? (New)
Activates / deactivates the automatic marking of cells from the register for poor mesh numerics
treatment. It is active by default.
frequency/ (New)
Provides text commands that allow you to define the interval at which the cells of the register
are automatically marked. By default, the marking occurs at every iteration.
solve/set/poor-mesh-numerics/user-defined-on-register-auto/set/frequency/
iterations (New)
Defines the interval for the marking of cells when the interval unit is set to iterations.
options (New)
Defines the interval unit for the marking of cells: iterations or (for transient simulations) time
steps.
time-steps (New)
Defines the interval for the marking of cells when the interval unit is set to time steps.
register (New)
Specifies the name of the register used to automatically mark the cells for poor mesh numerics
treatment.
verbosity (New)
Determines the level of detail about automatic cell marking for poor mesh numerics printed in
the console during the calculation. The default value of 0 prints no information, whereas entering
1 results in information being printed about the number of cells that are automatically marked.
solve/set/previous-defaults/
undo-2023r1-default-changes? (New)
Allows you to undo enhancements introduced in release 2023 R1 of Ansys Fluent:
• Using enhancements of auto-partitioning based on Laplace smoothing, which can significantly

improve convergence for cases with highly-stretched cells in parallel.
• Using startup enhancements when using the global time step for the pseudo time method
(in the Solution Methods task page) with the automatic time step method (in the Run Cal-
culation task page). These enhancements can increase the robustness of the simulation.
• Using accuracy enhancements of the Green-Gauss Node Based gradient at any axis boundary
when using the pressure-based solver.
• Including the work calculated for a porous zone in the total energy equation for incompressible
flows that use the pressure-based solver and include viscous heating or pressure work and
kinetic energy. This inclusion ensures accurate results for the heat transfer calculations.
Solution Mode
surface/
closest-point-search (New)
Makes it so that points are snapped to their closest valid location on the domain. This setting,
when enabled, avoids point surface creation failures when the point surface is created from the
TUI or GUI.
turbo-workflow/workflow/
disable (New)
Disables the turbo workflow.
enable (New)
Enables the turbo workflow.
initialize (Deleted)
This text command is removed and replaced by enable/disable.

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Ansys Fluent Migration Manual

ANSYS, Inc. Release 2023 R1

© 2023 ANSYS, Inc. Unauthorized use, distribution or duplication is prohibited.

U.S. Government Rights

Published in the U.S.A.

• Fluent Release Notes (p. 3)

• Resolved Issues and Limitations in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 (p. 29)

• New Limitations in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 (p. 31)

• Text Command Changes in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1 (p. 33)

2.1. Supported Platforms for Ansys Fluent 2023 R1

2.2. New Features in Ansys Fluent 2023 R1

2.2.1. Meshing Mode

• You can now save images in GLB format.

Fluent Guided Meshing Workflows

• The Watertight Geometry Workflow

• The Fault-tolerant Meshing Workflow

• The Rapid Octree mesher is now improved in the following ways:

– A text command (mesh/rapid-octree/delete-poor-quality-cells) is now

2.2.2. Solution Mode

• CFD Pro now supports transient simulations.

• Aero is limited to the Enterprise capability level.

• There are several enhancements to the Fluent Launcher:

– Learning resources are moved under the Help button.

• Adaption for overset mesh simulations is improved in the following ways:

Cell Zones and Boundary Conditions

Material Class Count

– Missing molecular mass values are populated for all fluids.

Discrete Phase Model

Old Name New Name

Electric Potential Field Model

The Potential/Li-ion Battery dialog box has been renamed to Potential/Electrochemistry.

• For Li-ion battery simulations, the new postprocessing capabilities include:

– Additional field variables (under the Lithium... category):

→ Magnitude of Lithium Mass Flux Vector

→ X Lithium Mass Flux

→ Y Lithium Mass Flux

→ Z Lithium Mass Flux

– Ability to generate vector plots of the lithium mass flux.

Eulerian Wall Film Model

• The DEFINE_BATTERY_ENTROPIC_HEAT user-defined function (UDF) has two extra argu-

Structural Model for Intrinsic Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)

Fluent Native GPU Solver

Adjoint Solver Module

Graphics, Reporting, and Postprocessing

– Axis values are always legible.

– Y-axis values display properly with logarithmic scaling.

• Additional customizable details pertaining to named expressions (such as Definition, Value,

Curvilinear Coordinates Systems (CCS)

• A new Vector Projection method is available for defining directions of a CCS.

2.2.3. Fluent Applications

Fluent Remote Visualization Client

• Icing on Rotating Components, with Natural Ice Shedding

• Nucleation in Vapor Transport

• CHT for Anti-icing (Beta)

• Discrete Phase Model (DPM) For Particle Impingement (Beta)

• Remeshing - Support for Disabled Walls

• Meshing Memory Improvement

→ Display of Periodic Instances

→ LIC Settings (Line Integral Convolution)

→ Improved adjustment of location settings using interactive slider controls for:

→ Contextual menu in the Graphics window

– Batch mode improvements

→ The -cnf= Fluent command line is now supported as an argument of bin/icing.