STATISTICS

Statistics

is a branch of Mathematics that deals

with the collection, organization or
presentation, analysis and interpretation
of data.
Collection – gathering of information or data
Organization or presentation involves
summarizing data or information in textual,
graphical or tabular.
Analysis – involves describing the data by using
statistical methods and procedures.
Interpretation – refers to the process of making
conclusions based on the analyzed data.
MEASURES OF POSITION
 MEASURES OF POSITION
are used to described the standing or location
of an observation relative to the rest of the data.
The most commonly used measure of position
are quartiles, deciles and percentiles.
 QUARTILES

Are points that divide a ranked data into four

equal parts. Each set of data has three quartiles.
.
 FIRST QUARTILE (Q1)
• Q1 is a number that at most one – fourth or 25%
of the data are smaller in value than Q1, and at
most three – fourths or 75% are larger. Q1 is
sometimes called the lower quartile.
𝑄1 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + i (n / 4 – cfb)
f Q1
 SECOND QUARTILE (Q2)
Q2 is a number such that one – half or 50% of the
data are below and above in value than Q 2 * Q2 is
obviously the median. Hence, the former name is
seldom used.
𝑄2 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + i (n / 2 – cfb)
f Q2
THIRD QUARTILE (Q3)
Q3 is a number such that at most three-fourths or
75%of the data are smaller in value than Q 3, and
at most one – fourth or 25% are larger.Q3 is
sometimes called the upper quartile.
𝑄3 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + i (3n / 4 – cfb)
f Q3
 EXAMPLE 1
The student in a Math test scored the following test
results.
98 90 70 18 92 92 55 83 45 95 88
Find the lower quartile, median and the upper quartile.
Find the interquartile range.
STEPS ON HOW TO FIND GIVEN QUARTILE
Step 1 : Arrange the data in ascending order
Step 2 : Determine the position of the given quartile
𝑛+1
𝑄1 = th observation
4
𝑛+1
𝑄2 = th observation
2
3(𝑛+1)
𝑄3 = th observation
4
DECILES

these are the score-points that divide a distribution

into ten equal parts. It is computed the same way as
the median, the quartile, and the percentiles were
calculated.
D1 = L1+ i (n/10 – cfb)
fD1

D3 = L3+ i (3n/10 – cfb)

fD3
Percentile rank of a set of observations tells how
many percent of the observations are below it.
PR = cumulative frequency x 100%
100
Percentile Point ( or observation) is the value that
corresponds to the given percentile rank.
P50 = L50+ i (50n/100 – cfb)
fP50

P30 = L30+ i (30n/100 – cfb)

fP30
FIND Q1, D7 AND P40
Score Frequency (f) Cumulative Frequency

38 - 40 15 100
35 – 37 14 85
32 – 34 10 71
29 – 31 12 61
26 – 28 13 49
23 – 25 14 36
20 – 22 12 22
17 – 19 5 10
14 - 16 5 5
n = 100
TRY THIS! (FIND Q 3, D4 AND P90)
Monthly Salaries of 60 Employees in AOA Garments
Salary in Pesos No. of Employees < cf
29, 000 – 31, 999 2
26, 000 – 28, 999 2
23, 000 – 25, 999 5
20, 000 - 22, 999 7
17, 000 – 19, 999 10
14, 000 – 16, 999 18
11, 000 – 13, 999 6
8, 000 – 10, 999 7
5, 000 – 7, 999 3
N = 60