Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MIDTERM
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING
AND LEARNING 1
• Instructional media
that incorporate
concrete
experiences help
students integrate
prior experience and
thus facilitate
learning of abstract
concepts.
Edgar Dale’s “Cone of Experience” paralleled by Jerome Bruner’s descriptive scheme for labelling instructional
activities.
ACTIVITY:
• Group 1: Instructor Directed Instruction
• Group 2: Instructor-Independent Instruction
• Group 3: Media Portfolios
• Group 4: Thematic Instruction
• Group 5: Distance Education
• Group 6: Education for Exceptional Students
INSTRUCTOR DIRECTED
INSTRUCTION
Media is utilized as supplemental support of
the live instructor in the classroom. Properly
designed instructional media can enhance
and promote learning and support teacher-
based instruction. Wittich & Fowlkes (1946)
earlier presented that when teachers
introduced films, relating them to learning
objectives, the amount of information
students gained from films increased.
INSTRUCTOR-INDEPENDENT
INSTRUCTION
Media can be used effectively in
formal education situations where a
teacher is not available or is working
with other students. Media are often
“packaged” for this purpose:
objectives are listed, guidance in
achieving objectives is given, materials
are assembled, and self-evaluation
guidelines are assembled.
MEDIA PORTFOLIOS
A portfolio is a collection of
student work that illustrates
growth over a period. It
includes such artifacts as
student-produced illustrated
books, videos, and audio-
visual presentations.
ADVANTAGES: DRAWBACKS:
•Expand the size of •Equipment
audience •Access
•More fun and interesting •Security
•Storage space •Time
•Navigation
THEMATIC INSTRUCTION
Thematic instruction is the
organization of instruction around
theme or anchors. A good anchor
or theme must capture and hold
students’ attention, provide
problem-solving experiences,
support inter-disciplinary activities,
and include a variety of media and
technology.
DISTANCE EDUCATION
Distance education is an educational approach
designed to individuals who are too busy and do
not have time to participate in classroom-based
education and being employed by academic
institutions to reach a more diverse and
geographically dispersed audience who do not
have access to traditional classroom instruction.
Its distinguishing mark is the separation of the
instructional team and student(s) during the
learning process.
EDUCATION FOR
EXCEPTIONAL STUDENTS
Media can help and aid to create
highly structured learning situations to
assist learners with disabilities because
they have limitation and incapability to
incorporate messages into their mental
constructs.
METHODS
• Methods are the procedures of instruction selected to help
learners achieve the objectives or to internalize the content or
message. Media are carriers of information from sender to
receiver.
METHODS
• Methods are the procedures of instruction selected to help
learners achieve the objectives or to internalize the content or
message. Media are carriers of information from sender to
receiver.
• Presentation
• It is a one-way communication
controlled by the source, with no
immediate response from or
interaction with learners
• Demonstration
• In this method of instruction,
learners view a real or lifelike
example of the skill or
procedure to be learned. The
objective may be for the
learner to imitate a physical
performance or to adopt the
attitudes or values exemplified
by someone who serves as the
role model.
• Discussion
• Discussion involves the exchange of ideas
and opinions among students or among
students and teacher. Discussion can be
used to prepare learners for a presentation
by arousing their curiosity or by directing
their attention to key points. Post
presentation discussions are essential as a
forum for questions and answers and for
ensuring that students understand what the
instructor intended.
• Drill-and-Practice
• Learners are led through a
series of practice exercises
designed to increase fluency
in a new skill or refresh and
existing one. Use of the
method assumes that
learners previously have
received some instruction on
the concept, principle or
procedure that is to be
practiced.
• Tutorial
• A tutor, (person, computer software or special
printed materials) presents the content, poses a
question or problem, requests a learner’s
response, supplies appropriate feedback, and
provides practice until the learner demonstrates a
predetermined level of competence. Tutorial
arrangements include:
• Instructor-to-learner
• Learner-to-learner
• Computer-to-learner
• Print-to-learner
• Cooperative Learning
• In this method, learners are
trained to develop skills in
working and learning together
because their eventual
workplaces will require
teamwork. Cooperative
learning proponents are critics
of competitive learning where
emphasis is more on test taking
and grading.
• Gaming
• Gaming provides a playful
environment in which learners
follow prescribed rules as they
try to attain a challenging
goal. Games often require
learners to use problem-
solving skills or to demonstrate
mastery of specific content
demanding a high degree of
accuracy and efficiency.
• Simulation
• Simulation involves learners
confronting a scaled-down
version of real-life situation. It
allows realistic practice without
the expense or risks otherwise
involved. It involves participant
dialog, manipulation of
materials and equipment, or
interaction with a computer.
• Discovery
• The discovery method uses an
inductive, or inquiry approach to
learning; it presents problems to be
solved through trial and error. The rules
or procedures that learners discover
may be derived from previous
experience, based on information on
reference books, or stored in a
computer database.
• Problem Solving
• Problem solving involves placing
students in the active role of being
confronted with a novel problem
situated in the real world. Students
start with limited knowledge, but
through peer collaboration and
consultation they develop, explain
and defend a solution or position on
the problem. It uses reality-based,
problem centered materials that are
often presented by media (e.g.,
written cases, computer-based
situations and videotaped vignettes).
ACTIVITY: INFOGRAPHIC